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What are Verbs?
The verb is king in English. The shortest sentence contains a verb. You can make a oneword sentence with a verb, for example: Stop! You cannot make a one-word sentence
with any other type of word.
Verbs are sometimes described as "action words". This is partly true. Many verbs give
the idea of action, of "doing" something. For example, words like run, fight, do and work
all convey action.
But some verbs do not give the idea of action; they give the idea of existence, of state, of
"being". For example, verbs like be, exist, seem and belong all convey state.
A verb always has a subject. (In the sentence "John speaks English", John is the subject
and speaks is the verb.) In simple terms, therefore, we can say that verbs are words that
tell us what a subject does or is; they describe:
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action (Ram plays football)

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state (Ram is English)

There is something very special about verbs in English. Most other words (adjectives,
adverbs, prepositions etc) do not change in form (although nouns can have singular and
plural forms). But almost all verbs change in form. For example, the verb to work has
five forms:
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to work, work, works, worked, working

We divide verbs into two broad classifications:
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helping verbs (also called "auxiliary verbs")

These are verbs that have no real meaning. They are necessary for the
grammatical structure of the sentence, but they do not tell us very much alone. For
example, will, would, may are helping verbs. We usually use helping verbs with
main verbs. They "help" the main verb.

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main verbs (also called "lexical verbs")
These are verbs that really mean something, they tell us something. For example,
love, make, work are main verbs.

Types of Main Verb
Transitive and intransitive verbs
Transitive verbs can take a direct object (subject + verb + object). Intransitive verbs do
not take a direct object (subject + verb [+ indirect object]). Many verbs can be transitive
or intransitive.
transitive:


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He speaks English.

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We are watching TV.

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I saw an elephant.

intransitive:
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He has arrived.

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She speaks fast.

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John goes to school.

Linking verbs
Linking verbs are always intransitive. A linking verb does not have much meaning in
itself. It "links" the subject to what is said about the subject. Usually, a linking verb
shows equality (=) or a change to a different state or place (>).
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Mary is a teacher. (mary = teacher)

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Tara is beautiful. (tara = beautiful)

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That sounds interesting. (that = interesting)

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The sky became dark. (the sky > dark)

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The bread has gone bad. (bread > bad)

Dynamic and stative verbs
Some verbs describe action. They are called "dynamic", and can be used with continuous
tenses. Other verbs describe state (non-action, a situation). They are called "stative", and
cannot normally be used with continuous tenses (though some of them can be used with
continuous tenses with a change in meaning).
dynamic verbs: examples
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hit, explode, fight, run, go

stative verbs: examples
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be

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like, love, prefer, wish

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impress, please, surprise

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hear, see, sound

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belong to, consist of, contain, include, need

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appear, resemble, seem

Regular and irregular verbs


This is more a question of vocabulary than of grammar. The only real difference between
regular and irregular verbs is that they have different endings for their past tense and past
participle forms. For regular verbs, the past tense ending and past participle ending is
always the same: -ed. For irregular verbs, the past tense ending and the past participle
ending is variable, so it is necessary to learn them by heart.
regular verbs: base, past tense, past participle
• look, looked, looked
• work, worked, worked
irregular verbs: base, past tense, past participle
• buy, bought, bought
• cut, cut, cut
• do, did, done
Regular Verbs A-C
• accept

• add
• admire
• admit
• advise
• afford
• agree
• alert
• allow
• amuse
• analyse
• announce
• annoy
• answer
• apologise
• appear
• applaud
• appreciate
• approve
• argue
• arrange
• arrest
• arrive
• ask
• attach
• attack
• attempt
• attend
• attract
• avoid

Regular Verbs G-L
• gather
• gaze
• glow
• glue
• grab
• grate
• grease
• greet
• grin
• grip
• groan
• guarantee
• guard
• guess
• guide
• hammer
• hand
• handle
• hang
• happen
• harass
• harm
• hate
• haunt
• head
• heal
• heap
• heat
• help

• hook

Regular Verbs R-T
• remain
• remember
• remind
• remove
• repair
• repeat
• replace
• reply
• report
• reproduce
• request
• rescue
• retire
• return
• rhyme
• rinse
• risk
• rob
• rock
• roll
• rot
• rub
• ruin
• rule
• rush
• sack
• sail

• satisfy
• save
• saw


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back
bake
balance
ban
bang
bare
bat
bathe
battle
beam

beg
behave
belong
bleach
bless
blind
blink
blot
blush
boast
boil
bolt
bomb
book
bore
borrow
bounce
bow
box
brake
brake
branch
breathe
bruise
brush
bubble
bump
burn
bury
buzz

calculate
call
camp
care

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hop
hope
hover
hug
hum
hunt
hurry
identify
ignore
imagine

impress
improve
include
increase
influence
inform
inject
injure
instruct
intend
interest
interfere
interrupt
introduce
invent
invite
irritate
itch
jail
jam
jog
join
joke
judge
juggle
jump
kick
kill
kiss
kneel

knit
knock
knot
label

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scare
scatter
scold
scorch
scrape
scratch
scream
screw
scribble
scrub

seal
search
separate
serve
settle
shade
share
shave
shelter
shiver
shock
shop
shrug
sigh
sign
signal
sin
sip
ski
skip
slap
slip
slow
smash
smell
smile
smoke
snatch
sneeze
sniff

snore
snow
soak
soothe


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carry
carve
cause
challenge
change
charge
chase
cheat
check

cheer
chew
choke
chop
claim
clap
clean
clear
clip
close
coach
coil
collect
colour
comb
command
communicate
compare
compete
complain
complete
concentrate
concern
confess
confuse
connect
consider
consist
contain
continue

copy
correct
cough
count
cover

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land
last
laugh
launch
learn
level
license
lick
lie

lighten
like
list
listen
live
load
lock
long
look
love
man
manage
march
mark
marry
match
mate
matter
measure
meddle
melt
memorise
mend
mess up
milk
mine
miss
mix
moan
moor

mourn
move
muddle
mug
multiply

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sound
spare
spark
sparkle
spell
spill
spoil
spot
spray

sprout
squash
squeak
squeal
squeeze
stain
stamp
stare
start
stay
steer
step
stir
stitch
stop
store
strap
strengthen
stretch
strip
stroke
stuff
subtract
succeed
suck
suffer
suggest
suit
supply
support

suppose
surprise
surround
suspect
suspend


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crack
crash
crawl
cross
crush
cry
cure
curl
curve
cycle

Regular Verbs D-G

• dam
• damage
• dance
• dare
• decay
• deceive
• decide
• decorate
• delay
• delight
• deliver
• depend
• describe
• desert
• deserve
• destroy
• detect
• develop
• disagree
• disappear
• disapprove
• disarm
• discover
• dislike
• divide
• double
• doubt
• drag
• drain
• dream

• dress
• drip

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murder

Regular Verbs N-R
• nail
• name
• need
• nest
• nod
• note
• notice
• number
• obey
• object
• observe
• obtain
• occur
• offend
• offer
• open
• order
• overflow
• owe
• own
• pack
• paddle

• paint
• park
• part
• pass
• paste
• pat
• pause
• peck
• pedal
• peel
• peep
• perform
• permit
• phone
• pick
• pinch
• pine
• place
• plan

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switch
talk
tame
tap
taste
tease
telephone
tempt
terrify
test
thank
thaw
tick
tickle
tie
time
tip
tire
touch
tour
tow
trace
trade
train
transport
trap
travel
treat
tremble

trick
trip
trot
trouble
trust
try
tug
tumble
turn
twist
type

Regular Verbs U-Z
• undress
• unfasten


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drop
drown
drum
dry
dust
earn
educate
embarrass
employ
empty
encourage
end
enjoy
enter
entertain
escape
examine
excite
excuse
exercise
exist
expand
expect
explain
explode
extend
face
fade

fail
fancy
fasten
fax
fear
fence
fetch
file
fill
film
fire
fit
fix
flap
flash
float

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plant
play
please
plug
point
poke
polish
pop
possess
post
pour
practise
pray
preach
precede
prefer
prepare
present
preserve
press
pretend
prevent
prick
print
produce
program
promise
protect

provide
pull
pump
punch
puncture
punish
push
question
queue
race
radiate
rain
raise
reach
realise
receive

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unite
unlock
unpack
untidy
use
vanish
visit
wail
wait
walk
wander
want
warm
warn
wash
waste
watch
water
wave
weigh
welcome
whine
whip
whirl
whisper
whistle
wink
wipe
wish
wobble

wonder
work
worry
wrap
wreck
wrestle
wriggle
x-ray
yawn
yell
zip
zoom


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flood
flow
flower

fold
follow
fool
force
form
found
frame
frighten
fry

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recognise
record
reduce
reflect
refuse
regret
reign

reject
rejoice
relax
release
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English Club ESL Progress! Magazine
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