GRAMMAR: REPORTED SPEECH (câu tường thuật)

REPORTED SPEECH (câu tường thuật)
S: Subject
V: verb

adv: adverb
adj: adjective

O: object

Câu tường thuật là câu thuật lại lời nói của người khác
Qui tắc làm:
 Đổi S,V, O, tính từ sở hữu cho phù hợp
 Nếu V ở mệnh đề 1 ở hiện tại  không lùi thì
 Nếu V ở mệnh đề quá khứ
 lùi thì

Simple present
simple past
present continuos
past continuos
present perfect
present perfect continuos
Am/is/are/going to+V
will/can/may
must/haveto/have to
Should/ought to

simple past
past perfect
past continuos
past perfect continuos

past perfect
past perfect continuos
was/were/going to+V
would/could/might
had to
should/ought to

_ Đổi adv of time, adv of place
Tomorrow
day
Yesterday
Ago
Last
Now

the next day/ the day after/ the following
the day before/ the previous day
before
before
then

Here
This
there
today
tonight

there
that
those

that day
that night


*CÓ 4 LOẠI CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT:

Command/ request: Câu yêu cầu. Là câu bắt đầu bằng cấu trúc V,

1.

Don’t V

S

+

Asked
told
ordered

+

O

+

To V
V

Exercise:
“Stand up! Put your hands up.” The robber said to them.
→ The robber told them to stand up and put their hands up.
“Fight for your rights.” He said to us.
“Show me your driving license, please.” The police said to Tom.
“Don’t move this table, Jack.” Jane said.

1)
2)
3)
4)

2.

Statement: Câu phát biểu là câu có S

S +

+ O + (that) +

said
*(that): có to
thể có hoặc không

S +

V (lùi thì)

Exercise:
1)

2)
3)
4)

3.

S

“I’m going away tomorrow.” He said.
→ He said to me (that) he was going away the next day.
“Our family moved to a new flat yesterday.” They said.
“You must hand in your paper now, students.” The teacher said.
“I haven’t seen this animal before.” She said.

Yes/ No question

+

asked

+

O+

if/ whether

+S

+

V (lùi thì)

Execise:
1)
2)

“Are you French?” Ann said
to me
Who
→ Ann asked me if I was French
what
“Does your cousin have any friends here?” Lan asked Nam.
which
why
4. WH-question
how
When
which


S

+

asked

+

O +

+

S

+

V (lùi thì)

*Lưu ý: phải đổi câu hỏi về khẳng định.
Am/ is/ are + S
Was/ Were + S
Do/Does + S +V
Did + S + V

S + was/ were
S + had been
Bỏ Do/does, S + /
Bỏ Did, S + Had + /

Exercise:
1)

“Where did you work last year, Tom?” I said
→ I asked Tom where he has worked the year before

2)
3)

“What have you done to my room?” I said to him
“When can we meet you again?” They said.

ĐÁP ÁN:
1. Command/ request
2) He told us to fight for our rights.
3) The police asked Tom to show him his driving lisence.
4) Jane told Jack not to move that table.
2. Statement
2) They said (that) their family had moved to a new flat the day before.
3) The teacher told the student that they had to hand in their papers
then.
4) She said that she hadn’t seen that animal.


3.
4.

Yes-no questions
2) Lan asked Nam if he his cousin had some friends there.
WH-question
2) I asked him what he had done to my room.
3) They asked me when they could meet me again.