Tài liệu bồi dưỡng HSG môn Tiếng Anh lớp 7

Chuyên đề BDHSG anh 7- Phần ngữ pháp
Trờng THCS Hơng Lâm
CHUYấN BI DNG MễN TING ANH 7
a. chuyờn 1: tenses
I/ THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE
1. Form:
(+) S + V(past tense)+
( -) S + didnt + V( bare inf) +..
( ? ) Did + S + V( bare inf) +..?
WH- + did + S + V( bare inf) +?
2. Use:
Thỡ quỏ kh n c dựng din t;
a/ Hnh ng ó bt u v ó kt thỳc ti mt thi im c th trong quỏ kh.
Ex: Tom went to Paris last summer.
I left this city two years ago.
Cỏch dựng ny c dựng vi cỏc trng t hoc cm t ch thi gian quỏ kh:
Last week/ month / year; ago ; yesterday ; in + nm ó qua
b/ Hnh ng ó xy ra sut mt quóng thi gian trong quỏ kh, nhng nay ó hon ton chm dt.
Ex: He worked in that bank for four years. ( Anh y ó lm vic ngõn hng ú 4 nm ) Hin nay
anh y ó khụng lm vic y na.
c/ Hnh ng c lp i lp li hoc xy ra thng xuyờn quỏ kh.
Ex: When I was young, I often went fishing.
d/ Mt lot hnh ng xy ra k tip nhau trong quỏ kh.
Ex: She drove into the car- park, got out of the car , locked the door, and walked toward the teacher.
II/ THE FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE. (Tng lai n)
1. Form:
S + Will / Shall + V( bare inf) +
2. Use:
Thỡ tng lai n thng c dựng :
a/ Din t mt hnh ng s xy ra trong tng lai, hoc mt hnh ng xy ra trong mt quóng thi
gian di tng lai.

Ex: The international conference will open next year.
I will be at hight school next year.
b/ Din t ý kin , s chc chn , s d oỏn ca ngi núi v mt iu gỡ ú trong tng lai.
Ex: Im sure he will come back soon.
Tom wont pass the examination. He hasnt worked hard enough for it.
c/ a ra mt li ha, li e do.
Ex: Ill call you tomorrow.
Ill hit you if you do that again.
d/ a ra quyt nh ngay tc thỡ, khi ta quyt nh hoc ng ý lm iu gỡ ú ngay lỳc ang núi.
Ex: Sit down, please! Ill make you a cup of coffee.
e/ a ra li yờu cu, li ngh, v li mi.
Ex: Will you open the door ? ( request)
Ill peel the potatoes. ( offer )
Will you come to lunch ? ( invitation )
- Cỏc trng t thng c dựng : Someday, tomorrow, next week/ month, Soon,
III/ NEAR FUTURE TENSE (Tng lai gn)
1. Be going to: ( sp, s, d nh)
S + be + going to + V( bare- inf.)
Be going to c dựng :
a/ Din t mt d nh s c thc hin trong tng lai gn hoc mt quyt nh sn cú.
Ex: We are going to see her off at the station at seven.
He is going to be a dentist when he grows up.
b/ D oỏn tng lai da trờn tỡnh hng hin ti- núi rng chỳng ta ngh iu gỡ s xy ra da vo
nhng gỡ chỳng ta nhỡn thy hoc nghe thy hin ti.
Gv: Đỗ Xuân Hà
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Chuyên đề BDHSG anh 7- Phần ngữ pháp
Trờng THCS Hơng Lâm

Ex: How pale that girl is! Im sure she is going to faint.
Look at the black cloud! Its going to rain.
+ Lu ý:
- Be going to thng khụng c dựng vi ng t go v come. Trong trng hp ny chỳng ta nờn
dựng thỡ HTTD din t d nh tng lai.
Ex: Were going to the movie tonight.
My brother is coming to see me on the weekend.
- Will v Be going to u c dựng din t hnh ng hoc quyt nh tng lai, nhng:
+ Will c dựng khi chỳng ta quyt nh s lam mt vic gỡ ú ngay lỳc ang núi ( ý nh khụng c
trự tớnh trc).
Ex: Im going out. Im going to post these letter.
- Will v Be going to u c dựng d oỏn tng lai , nhng:
+ Will c dựng khi chỳng ta a ra li d oỏn da vo quan im hoc kinh nghim.
Ex: One day people will travel to Mars.
+ Be going to c dựng khi chỳng ta a ra li d oỏn da vo tỡnh hung hin ti
Ex: There isnt a cloud in the sky. Its going to be a lovely day.
b. chuyờn 2: modalverbs
c tớnh chung ca ng t khuyt thiu (Modal verbs). Ngoi nhng c tớnh nh tr ng t, ng t
khuyt thiu cũn cú thờm mt s c tớnh riờng nh sau:
1. Khụng cú TO nguyờn mu v khụng cú TO khi cú ng t theo sau.
They can speak French and English.
2. Khụng cú S ngụi th ba s ớt thỡ Hin ti.
He can use our phone.
3. Ch cú nhiu nht l 2 thỡ: Thỡ Hin ti v thỡ Quỏ kh n.
She can cook meals.
She could cook meals when she was twelve.
Trong nhng trng hp khỏc ta s dng nhng ng t tng ng.
CAN - COULD
ng t khuyt thiu CAN
CAN l mt ng t khuyt thiu, nú ch cú 2 thỡ Hin ti v Quỏ kh n. Nhng hỡnh thc khc ta dng

ng t tng ng be able to. CAN cũng cú th c dựng nh mt tr ng t hỡnh thnh mt s cah
nỳi ring.
1. CAN v COULD cú ngha l cú th, din t mt kh nng (ability).
Can you swim?
She could ride a bicycle when she was five years old.
2. Trong vn núi (colloquial speech), CAN c dựng thay cho MAY din t mt s cho phộp
(permission) v th ph nh CANNOT c dựng din t mt s cm oỏn (prohibition).
In London buses you can smoke on the upper deck, but you cant smoke downstairs.
3. CAN cũng din t mt iu cú th xy n (possibility). Trong cõu hi v cõu cm thỏn CAN cú
ngha l Is it possible?
Can it be true?
It surely cant be four oclock already!
4. CANNOT c dựng din t mt iu khú cú th xy ra (virtual impossibility).
He cant have missed the way. I explained the route carefully.
5. Khi dựng vi ng t tri giỏc (verbs of perception) CAN cho mt ý ngha tng
ng vi thỡ Tip din (Continuous Tense).
Listen! I think I can hear the sound of the sea.
(khụng dng I am hearing)
COULD
1. COULD l thỡ quỏ kh n ca CAN.
She could swim when she was five.
2. COULD cũn c dựng trong cõu iu kin.
If you tried, you could do that work.
Gv: Đỗ Xuân Hà
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Chuyên đề BDHSG anh 7- Phần ngữ pháp
Trờng THCS Hơng Lâm
3. Trong cỏch núi thõn mt, COULD c xem nh nhiu tớnh cht lch s hn CAN.

Can you change a 20-dollar note for me, please?
Could you tell me the right time, please?
4. COULD c dựng din t mt s ng vc hay mt li phn khỏng nh nhng.
His story could be true, but I hardly think it is.
I could do the job today, but Id rather put it off until tomorrow.
5. COULD - WAS/WERE ABLE TO
a) Nu hnh ng din t mt kh nng, mt kin thc, COULD c dựng thng hn
WAS/WERE ABLE TO.
He hurt his foot, and he couldnt play in the match.
The door was locked, and I couldnt open it.
b) Nu cõu núi hm ý mt s thnh cụng trong vic thc hin hnh ng (succeeded in doing) thỡ
WAS/WERE ABLE TO c s dng ch khụng phi COULD.
I finished my work early and so was able to go to the pub with my friends.
MAY - MIGHT
1. MAY v dng quỏ kh MIGHT din t s xin php, cho php (permission).
May I take this book? - Yes, you may.
She asked if she might go to the party.
2. MAY/MIGHT dng din t mt kh nng cú th xy ra hay khụng th xy ra.
It may rain.
He admitted that the news might be true.
3. Dng trong cõu cm thn MAY/MIGHT din t mt li cu chc.
May all your dreams come true!
Trong cỏch dựng ny cú th xem MAY nh mt loi Bng Thỏi cah (Subjunctive).
4. MAY/MIGHT dựng trong mnh theo sau cỏc ng t hope (hy vng) v trust (tin tng).
I trust (hope) that you may find this plan to your satisfaction.
He trust (hoped) that we might find the plan to our satisfaction.
5. MAY/MIGHT dựng thay cho mt mnh trng ng ch s nhng b (adverb clauses of
concession).
He may be poor, but he is honest. (Though he is poor)
Try as he may, he will not pass the examination. (Though he tries hard)

Try as he might, he could not pass the examination. (Though he tried hard)
6. MAY/MIGHT thng c dựng trong mnh trng ng ch mc ớch (adverb clauses of
purpose). Trong trng hp ny ngi ta cũng thng dựng CAN/COULD thay cho MAY/MIGHT.
She was studying so that she might read English books.
7. MIGHT (khụng dựng MAY) ụi khi c dựng trong cõu din t mt li trỏch mng cú tớnh
hn di (petulant reproach).
You might listen when I am talking to you.
(Lm n rỏng m lng nghe tụi núi)
You might try to be a little more helpful.
(Lm n rỏng m t ra cú ớch mt chỳt)
8. Trong trng hp cn thit ngi ta dựng be allowed to, permit tựy theo ý ngha cn din t
thay cho MAY v MIGHT.
I shall be allowed to go to the party.
MUST
MUST l mt ng t khuyt thiu v ch cú hỡnh thc hin ti.
1. MUST cú ngha l phi din t mt mnh lnh hay mt s bt buc.
You must drive on the left in London.
2. MUST bao hm mt kt lun ng nhiờn, mt cỏch gii thớch duy nht hp lý theo ý ngh ca
ngi núi.
Are you going home at midnight? You must be mad!
You have worked hard all day; you must be tired.
3. MUST NOT (MUSTNT) din t mt lnh cm.
You mustnt walk on the grass.
Gv: Đỗ Xuân Hà
3


Chuyên đề BDHSG anh 7- Phần ngữ pháp
Trờng THCS Hơng Lâm
4. Khi mun din t th ph nh ca MUST vi ý ngha khụng cn thit ngi ta s dng NEED

NOT (NEEDNT).
Must I do it now? - No, you neednt. Tomorrow will be soon enough.
5. CANNOT (CANT) c dựng lm ph nh ca MUST khi MUST din t ý ngha kt lun
ng nhiờn, mt cỏch gii thớch duy nht hp lý theo ý ngh ca ngi núi nh ú cp trong im 2
trờn õy.
If he said that, he must be mistaken.
If he said that, he cant be telling the truth.
6. MUST v HAVE TO
a) HAVE TO dng thay cho MUST trong nhng hỡnh thc m MUST khụng cú.
We shall have to hurry if we are going to catch the twelve oclock train.
b) HAVE TO khụng th thay th MUST khi MUST mang ý ngha kt lun ng nhiờn, mt cỏch
gii thớch duy nht hp lý theo ý ngh ca ngi núi nh ú cp trong im 2 trờn õy. Ngi ta
phi din t bng nhng cỏch khỏc.
He must be mad. (I personally thought that he was mad)
c) MUST v HAVE TO u cú th dựng din t s cng bỏch, bt buc (compulsion). Tuy nhiờn
MUST mang ý ngha s cng bỏch n t ngi núi trong khi HAVE TO mang ý ngha s cng bỏch
n t hon cnh bờn ngoi (external circumstances)
You must do what I tell you.
Passengers must cross the line by the bridge. (Lnh ca Cc ng St)
Passengers have to cross the line by the bridge. (V khụng cũn ng no khỏc)
MODAL VERBS SHALL - SHOULD
1. SHALL cú th l:
Mt tr ng t giỳp hỡnh thnh thỡ Tng lai (Simple Future) ngụi th nht s ớt.
I shall do what I like.
Mt ng t khuyt thiu. Khi l ng t khuyt thiu SHALL din t mt li ha (promise), mt
s qu quyt (determination) hay mt mi e da (threat) theo ý ngh ca ngi núi.
If you work hard, you shall have a holiday on Saturday. (promise)
He shall suffer for this; he shall pay you what he owes you. (threat)
These people want to buy my house, but they shant have it. (determination)
2. SHOULD c dựng trong nhng trng hp sau:

Lm mt ng t khuyt thiu cú ngha l nờn v tng ng vi ought to.
You should do what the teacher tells you.
People who live in glass houses should not throw stones. (proverb)
Dng thay cho must khi khụng mun din t mt ý ngha quỏ bt buc vi must.
Members who want tickets for the dance should apply before September 1st to the Secretary.
Dng thay cho thỡ Hin ti Bng thi (present subjunctive).
(xem phn Subjunctive)
MODAL VERBS WILL - WOULD
1. WILL cú th l:
Mt tr ng t. Dựng lm tr ng t WILL giỳp hỡnh thnh thỡ Tng lai (simple future).
Mt ng t khuyt thiu. Khi l mt ng t khuyt thiu WILL din t mt s mong mun
(willingness), mt li ha (promise) hay mt s qu quyt (determination).
All right; I will pay you at the rate you ask. (willingness)
I wont forget little Margarets birthday. I will send her a present. (promise)
Trong cỏch din t s qu quyt (determination) c SHALL ln WILL u cú th s dng nhng
mi t mang mt ngha riờng. Vi SHALL, s qu quyt l ngi núi.
Vi WILL, s qu quyt ch t (subject) ca ng t. So sỏnh hai thớ d sau:
(a) George shall go out without his overcoat.
(b) George will go out without his overcoat.
cõu (a), ngi núi nht nh bt George phi i ra ngoi m khụng c mc ỏo khoỏc. cõu (b)
George nht nh i ra ngoi m khụng thốm mc ỏo khoỏc.
2. WOULD cú th l:
Gv: Đỗ Xuân Hà

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Chuyên đề BDHSG anh 7- Phần ngữ pháp
Trờng THCS Hơng Lâm
Mt tr ng t. WOULD giỳp hỡnh thnh mt Tng lai trong quỏ kh (future in the past) hay

cỏc thỡ trong cõu iu kin.
He said he would send it to me, but he didnt.
If she were here, she would help us.
He would have been very happy if he had known about it.
Khi dựng nh mt ng t khuyt thiu, WOULD din t mt thúi quen trong quỏ kh.
Vi ngha ny, WOULD cú th dng thay cho used to.
Every day he would get up at six oclock and light the fire.
MODAL VERBS OUGHT TO - DARE - NEED
ng t khuyt thiu OUGHT TO
OUGHT TO l mt ng t khuyt thiu ch cú thỡ Hin ti (simple present). Nỳ cú ngha l nn,
gn ging vi should. Trong hu ht cỏc trng hp OUGHT TO cú th c thay th bng should.
They ought to (should) pay the money.
He ought to (should) be ashamed of himself.
1. OUGHT TO cũng dựng din t mt s gn ỳng, rt cú th ỳng (strong probability).
If Alice left home at 9:00, she ought to be here any minute now.
2. OUGHT TO cú th dựng trong tng lai vi cỏc t xỏc nh thi gian tng lai nh tomorrow,
next Tuesday
Our team ought to win the match tomorrow.
3. OUGHT NOT TO HAVE + past participle din t mt s khụng tỏn ng v mt hnh ng ú
lm trong quỏ kh.
You ought not to have spent all that money on such a thing.
ng t khuyt thiu DARE
DARE cú ngha l dỏm, c gan cú th c xem nh mt ng t khuyt ln ng t thng. Khi
l mt ng t khuyt thiu, nú cú y c tớnh ca loi ng t ny.
Dare he go and speak to her? (ng t khuyt thiu)
You darent climb that tree, dare you? (ng t khuyt thiu)
He doesnt dare to answer my letter. (ng t thng)
She didnt dare to say a word, did she? (ng t thng)
Thnh ng I daresay cú ngha l cú th, cú l ng ngha vi cỏc t perhaps, it is probable. Thnh
ng ny thng khụng dựng vi ch t no khỏc ngoi ngụi th nht.

He is not here yet, but I daresay he will come later.
ng t khuyt thiu NEEDCú hai ng t NEED: mt ng t thng v mt ng t khuyt
thiu. Khi l ng t khuyt thiu NEED ch cú hỡnh thc Hin ti v cú y c tớnh ca mt ng
t khuyt thiu. Nú cú ngha l cn phi, tng t nh have to. V th nú cũng c xem l mt loi
ph nh ca must.
Need he work so hard?
You neednt go yet, need you?
Cú mt iu cn nh l ng t khuyt thiu NEED khụng dựng th xỏc nh. Nú ch c dựng
th ph nh v nghi vn. Khi dựng th xỏc nh nú phi c dựng vi mt t ng ph nh.
You neednt see him, but I must.
I hardly need say how much I enjoyed the holiday.
C. chuyờn 3: Comparison.
Cú ba cp so sỏnh tớnh t v trng t: so sỏnh bng, so sỏnh hn v so sỏnh nht.
I/ So sỏnh bng (Positive form)
Hỡnh thc so sỏnh bng c thnh lp bng cỏch thờm as vo trc v sau tớnh t (adjective) hoc trng
t (adverb).
S + V + as + adj / adv + as + noun / pronoun / clause
Ex:
My hands were as cold as ice (Tụi lnh nh ỏ).
Jane sings as well as her sister (Jance hỏt hay nh ch cụ y).
Is the film as interesting as you expected?
(Phim cú hay nh bn mong i khụng?).
Gv: Đỗ Xuân Hà

5


Chuyên đề BDHSG anh 7- Phần ngữ pháp
Trờng THCS Hơng Lâm
Trong cõu ph nh so cú th c dựng thay cho as.

Not as / s + adj / adv + as
Ex: This flat isnt as/so big as uor old one.
(Cn h ny khụng ln bng cn h cũ ca chỳng tụi)
I cant run as/so fast as him (or: ... As he can).
(Tụi chy khụng nhanh bng anh y).
Tom isnt as/so intelligent as he looks
(Tom khụng thụng minh nh v b ngoi).
* So sỏnh bng nhau hoc nh nhau cng cú th c din t bng cu trỳc the same as
S + V + the same + (noun) + as + noun/pronoun
Ex: My house is as high as his = My house is the same height as his. Or The height of my house is the
same as his. (Nh tụi cao bng nha anh y).
Tom is as old as Mary = Tom is the same age as Mary. Or Toms age is the same as Marys. (Tom
cựng tui vi Mary).
Annes salary is as much as mine = anne gets the same salary as me. Or Annes salary is the same as
mine. (Lng ca Anne bng lng ca tụi).
II/ So sỏnh hn (Comparative form)
Hỡnh thc so sỏnh hn ca tớnh t v trng t c thnh lp bng cỏch:
* Thờm -er vo sau tớnh t hoc trng t cú mt õm tit (short adjective/adverb) v mt s tớnh t cú hai
õm tit tn cựng bng -er, -ow, -y, -le.
Ex:
big (to, ln)
bigger (to hn, ln hn)
fast (nhanh)
faster (nhanh hn)
quiet (yờn lng )
quieter (yờn lng hn)
happy (hnh phỳc)
happier (hnh phỳc hn)
clever (thụng minh)
cleverer (thụng minh hn)

narrow (hp)
narrower (hp hn)
simple (n gin)
simpler (n gin hn)
* Thờm vo trc tớnh t hoc trngt cú hai õm tit (tr cỏc tớnh t tn cựng bng -er, -ow, -y, -le) hoc
cú t ba õm tit tr lờn (long adjective / adverb).
Ex: useful (hu ớch)
more useful (hu ớch hn)
boring (t nht)
more boring (t nht hn)
tired (mt)
more tired (mt hn)
quitckly (nhanh)
more quitckly (nhanh hn)
quitetly (yờn tnh)
more quitetly (yờn tnh hn)
beautiful (p)
more beautiful (p hn)
interestinh (thỳ v)
more interestinh (thỳ v hn)
S + V +

short adj/adv+ +than
er
more + long adj/adv

+ noun / pronoun / clause

Ex: The giraffe is taller than the man. (Hu cao c cao hn ngi) .
The exam was more difficult than we expected.

(Bi kim tra khú hn chỳng tụi ngh)
Weve been waiting longer than we expected. (Chỳng tụi ó i lõu hn h)
Jane speaks Spanish more fluently than Martin.
(Jane núi ting Tõy Ban Nha lu loỏt hn Martin).
- So sỏnh hn cú th c nhn mnh bng cỏch thờm much hoc far trc hỡnh thc so sỏnh.
Ex:
Harrys watch is much / far more expensive than mine.
(ng h ca Harry t tiờn hn so vi ng h ca tụi)
Her boyfriend is much / far older than her.
(Bn trai ca cụ ta ln tui hn cụ ta nhiu)
- A lot, a bit, a little, rather, slightly cũng cú th c dựng trc dng so sỏnh.
Ex:
I got up a little later than usual. (Tụi thc dy tr hn thng ngy).
Gv: Đỗ Xuân Hà

6


Chuyên đề BDHSG anh 7- Phần ngữ pháp
Trờng THCS Hơng Lâm
Im feeling a lot better today. (Hụm nay tụi thy kho hn nhiu).
III/ So sỏnh nht (Superlative form)
Hỡnh thc so sỏnh nht ca tớnh t hoc trng t c thnh lp bng cỏch:
* Thờm -est vo sau tớnh t hoc trng t ngn (short adj/adv) hoc tớnh t cú hai õm tit tn cựng bng
-er, -ow, -ly, -le.
Ex: hot (núng)
hottest (núng nht)
cheap (r)
cheapest (r nht)
clever (thụng minh)

cleverest (thụng minh nht)
early (sm)
earliest (sm nht)
shallow (nụng)
shallowest (nụng nht)
* Thờm most vo trc tớnh t hoc trng t di (long adj/adv).
Ex: expensive (t)
most expensive (t nht)
boring (t nht)
most boring (t nht nht)
famous (ni ting)
most famous (ni ting nht)
slowly (chm)
most slowly (chm nht)
fortunately (may mn)
most fortunately (may mn nht)
S + V + the

short(+
adj/adv
noun) + er
most + long adj/adv

Ex:

Im the happiest man in the world. (Tụi l ngi hnh phỳc nht trờn i)
Love is the most important thing. (Tỡnh yờu l iu quan trng nht).
He worked the hardest of the three workers.
(Trong ba cụng nhõn anh ta lm vic chm ch nht)
Jane speaks Spanish the most fluently in her class.

(Trong lp, Jane núi ting TõyBan Nha lu loỏt nht).
* Hỡnh thc so sỏnh bt quy tc (Irrgular comparision)
Mt s tớnh t v trng t cú hỡnh thc so sỏnh hn v so sỏnh nht bt quy tc (khụng theo quy lut -er/est; more/most).
good/well
better
best
bad/badly
worse
worst
many/much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest / furthest
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
- C farther/farthest v further/furthest u cú th c dựng ch khong cỏch. Khụng cú s khỏc nhau
v ngha.
Ex:
The way from here to the subway station is farther/further than to the bus stop. (T õy n
trm xe in ngm xa hn n trm xe buýt).
York is the farthest/furthest town of the three.
(York l th trn xa nht trong ba th trn)
+ Further cũn cú ngha thờm na; hn na (farther khụng cú ngha ny).
Ex: Let me know if you have any further news. (Nu bn cú thờm tin tc gỡ thỡ hóy cho tụi bit nhộ).

[=any more news).
- Elder, eldesr cú th c dựng lm tớnh t (ng trc danh t) hoc i t (khụng cú danh t theo sau)
thay cho older/oldest ch s nhiu tui hn. Chỳng ch yu c dựng so sỏnh cỏc thnh viờn trong
cựng mt gia ỡnh.
Ex:
My elder/older brother is a pilot. (Anh tụi l phi cụng)
Hes the elder (son) ofn her two sons.
(Anh ta l con trai ln trong hai con trai ca b ta).
His eldest/oldest daughter got married last year.
(Con gỏi u ca ụng ta ó lp gia ỡnh nm ngoỏi).
Are you the eldest/oldest (person) in your family?
Gv: Đỗ Xuân Hà

7


Chuyên đề BDHSG anh 7- Phần ngữ pháp
Trờng THCS Hơng Lâm
(Anh cú phi l con u trong nh khụng?).
+ Elder khụng c dựng vi than trong cu trỳc so sỏnh hn, vỡ vy ch dựng older.
Ex: Hes two years older than me. (Anh y ln hn tụi hai tui).
[NOT ... elder than me]
* Mt s im cn ghi nh:
a) More v most c dựng thnh lp hỡnh thc so sỏnh ca cỏc trng t m tn cựng bng -ly.
Ex:
more slowly, more quietly, more easily, more seriously, more carefully.
Nhng vi trng t early, ta khụng dựng more early/most early m phi dựng earlier/earliest
Ex:
This morning I got up earlier than usual.
(Sỏng nay tụi thc dy sm hn thng ngy).

b) Mt s tớnh t cú hai õm tit cú th co c hai hỡnh thc so sỏnh (-er/more v -est/most): clever,
common, cruel, gentle, narrow, pleasant, polite, quiet, simple, stupid.
Ex:
Its too noisy here. Can we go somewhere quieter/more quiet.
( õy n quỏ. Chỳng ta i ni no ú yờn tnh hn nhộ?).
He is the cleverest/the most clever in class. (Anh y thụng minh nht lp).
c) More v most c dựng cho tớnh t cú ba õm tit tr lờn, ngoi tr nhng t phn ngha ca nhng
tớnh t cú 2 vn tn cựng bng -y.
Ex:
unhappy
unhappier
unhappiest
untidy
untidier
untidiest
d) Less v least l cỏc t phn ngha ca more v most, c dựng din t s khụng bng nhau mc
ớt hn, hoc ớt nht.
Ex: Hes got less enthusiastic than he used to have.
(Anh ta kộm nhit tỡnh hn trc).
The least expensive holidays are often the most interesting.
(Nhng kỡ ngh ớt tn kộm nht thng thỳ v nht).
e) Tớnh t hoc trng t so sỏnh nht cú th c dựng m khụng cú danh t theo sau khi danh t hoc s
c cp n.
Ex:
This room is the warmest in the house.
(Cn phũng ny l cn phũng m nht trong nh).
Its the warmest of three rooms.
(ú l cn phũng m nht trong ba cn phũng).
f) Sau hỡnh thc so sỏnh nht, chỳng ta thng dựng cỏc gii t in hoc of. In c dựng vi danh t m
c s ớt ch mt ni chn (country, city, town, building, ect..), mt t chc hoc mt nhúm ngi (class,

team, family, company, ect.); of c dựng ch khong thi gian hoc dựng trc danh t m c s
nhiu ch mt s lng xỏc nh ngi hoc vt.
Ex:
Who is the best player in the team? (Ai l cu th chi hay nht i?).
Its the most expensive hotel in Oxford. (ú l khỏch sn t nht Oxford).
August is the wettest of the year.
(Thỏng Tỏm l thỏng cú ma nhiu nht trong nm).
She is the most beautiful of the three sisters. (Cụ y xinh nht trong ba ch em).
g) Trong li vn thõn mt, i t lm tõn ng (me, him, us, them...) thng c dựng sau than v as. i
t lm ch ng (I, he, we, they ...) v ng t c dựng trong li vn sang trng hn.
Ex:
Shes older than me. (Cụ y ln tui hn tụi). informal
Or : Shes older than I am. formal
h) Mo t the ng trc tớnh t v trớ v ng (predicative adjective) v trc trng t (adverbs) trong
hỡnh thc so sỏnh nht ụi khi c b i trong li vn thõn mt.
Ex:
Which of the boys is (the) strongest?
(Trong cỏc cu bộ ú a no mnh nht?).
He can run (the) fastest. (Anh ta chy nhanh nht).
Tuy nhiờn khi dng so sỏnh nht v trớ v ng c dựng vi mt nhúm t xỏc nh thỡ khụgn c b
the.
Ex: This dictionary is the best I could find. (Cun t in ny l cun hay nht m tụi tỡm c). [NOT
This dictionary is best I could find]
Gv: Đỗ Xuân Hà

8


Chuyên đề BDHSG anh 7- Phần ngữ pháp
Trờng THCS Hơng Lâm

She was the quickest of all the staff. (Cụ y l ngi nhanh nhn nht trong tt c cỏc nhõn viờn).
[NOT She was quickest ...]
Khụng dựng the khi so sỏnh cựng mt ngi hay mt vt nhng tỡnh hung khỏc nhau.
Ex:
Hes nicest when hes had a few drinks. (Anh y t t nht khi ó ung vi ly). [NOT Hes the
nicest when...]
She works hardest when shes doing something for her family.
(Cụ y lm vic tớch cc nht khi cụ y lm vic gỡ ú cho gia ỡnh).
[NOT She works the hardest when...]
i) Most + adjective ụi khi c dựng vi ngha very
Ex:
The book you lent me was most interesting.
(Cun sỏch bn cho tụi mn rt hay). [=very interesting]
IV/ Cỏch thờm uụi -er v -est (Spelling rules for the -er and -esr ending)
* Tớnh t hoc trng t tn cựng bng e: thờm -r v -st.
Ex:
large (rng)
larger
largest
late (tr)
later
latest
* Tớnh t hoc trng t cú hai õm tit tn cựng bng ph õm +y: i y thnh i v thờm -er hoc -est.
Ex:
happy (hnh phỳc)
happier
happiest
pretty (p)
prettier
prettiest

* Tớnh t hoc trng t cú mt õm tit tn cựng bng nguyờn õm + ph õm (tr w): gp ụi ph õm.
Ex:
big (to)
bigger
biggest
thin (mng)
thinner
thinnest
new (mi)
newer
newest
V/ Hỡnh thc so sỏnh c bit (Special comparison)
1. So sỏnh kộp (Double comparatives)
a) So sỏnh ng tin (cng .... cng)
Dng so sỏnh ng tin vi the ... the ... c dựng din t s cựng thay i tng thờm hoc gim bt
v s lng hoc mc ca s vic.
The + comparative + S + V + the + comparative + S + V
Ex: The older I get, the happier I am. (Cng ln tui tụi cng thy hnh phỳc).
The more dangerous it is, the more I like it.
(Vic cng nguy him tụi cng thớch).
The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel.
(Tri cng núng, tụi cng cm thy khú chu).
The more I known him, the less I like him.
(Cng bit rõ anh ta, tụi cng khụng thớch anh ta)
- More cú th c dựng vi dan t.
Ex:
The more electricity you use, the higher your bill will be.
(Dựng in cng nhiu, hoỏ n in cng cao)
- Dng ngn ca cu trỳc ny c dựng trong thnh ng The more the merrier (cng ụng cng vui) v
cu trỳc The + comparative + the better.

Ex: What time shall we leave? The sooner the better.
(My gi chỳng ta i? Cng sm cng tt)
How do you like your coffee? The stronger the better
(Anh thớch c phờ nh th no? Cng m cng tt)
The less luggage you have to carry the better.
(Mang cng ớt hnh lớ cng tt)
b) So sỏnh lu tin (cng ngy cng)
Dng so sỏnh lu tin c dựng din t s vic ang tng dn hoc gim dn mt cỏch liờn tc.
- ... er and ... er v more and more c dựng din t s tng dn.
short adj /adv + er + and + short adj/adv + er
more and more + long adj/adv
Ex:
Betty is younger and younger. (Betty cng ngy cỏng tr ra)
Its becoming harder and harder to find a job. (Cng ngy cng khú tỡm vic)
Gv: Đỗ Xuân Hà
9


Chuyên đề BDHSG anh 7- Phần ngữ pháp
Trờng THCS Hơng Lâm
Her story was more and more attractive.
(Cõu chuyn ca b ta ngy cng hp dn)
Were going more and more slowly. (Chỳng tụi i cng lỳc cng chm)
[NOT more slowly and more slowly]
- Less and less c dựng din t s gim dn
Ex:
He became less and less interested in politics.
(Cng ngy anh ta cng ớt quan tõm n chớnh tr)
He played the piano less and less as he grew older.
(Cng ln nú cng ớt chi dng cm)

2. So sỏnh hnh ng (Comparison of actions)
Danh ng t (gerund) hoc ng t nguyờn mu (to-infinitive) theo sau t so sỏnh.
Ex: Riding a house is not as easy as riding a motorcycle.
(Ci nga thỡ khụng d nh chy xe mỏy).
Its sometimes cheaper to buy a new one than to repair the old one.
(ụi khi mua cỏi mi li r hn sa li cỏi cũ)
D. Chuyờn 4: Adjectives and adverbs.
I/ Tớnh t
Tớnh t l t ch tớnh cht, mc , phm vi, ... ca mt ngi hoc vt. Nú b ngha cho danh t, i t
hoc liờn t (linking verb). Nú tr li cho cõu hi What kind? Tớnh t luụn ng trc danh t c b ngha:
That is my new red car.
Tr trng hp galore (nhiu, phong ph, di do) v general trong tờn cỏc c quan, cỏc chc v ln l hai
tớnh t ng sau danh t c b ngha:
There were errors galore in your final test;
UN Secretary General (Tng th ký Liờn hp quc).
Tớnh t ng sau cỏc i t phim ch (something, anything, anybody...)
Its something strange.
He is somebody quite unknown.
Tớnh t c chia lm 2 loi l tớnh t mụ t (descriptive adjective) v tớnh t gii hn (limiting adjective).
Tớnh t mụ t l cỏc tớnh t ch mu sc, kớch c, cht lng ca mt vt hay ngi. Tớnh t gii hn l tớnh
t ch s lng, khong cỏch, tớnh cht s hu, ... Tớnh t khụng thay i theo ngụi v s ca danh t m nú
b ngha, tr trng hp ca these v those.
TNH T M T
TNH T GII HN
beautiful
one, two
s m
large
first, second
s th t

red
my, your, his
tớnh cht s hu
interesting
this, that, these, those
i t ch nh
important
few, many, much
s lng
colorful
Khi tớnh t m t b ngha cho mt danh t m c s ớt, nú thng cú mo t a, an hoc the ng
trc.
a pretty girl, an interesting book, the red dress.
Tớnh t i trc danh t nhng i sau liờn t (linking verb xem phn sau). Tớnh t ch b ngha cho
danh t, i t v liờn t.
Nu trong mt cm t cú nhiu tớnh t cng b ngha cho mt danh t thỡ th t ca tớnh t s nh sau: tớnh
t s hu hoc mo t, opinion, size, age, shape, color, origin, material, purpose. Ch ý rng tớnh t s
hu (my, your, our...) hoc mo t (a, an, the) nu cú thỡ lun i trc cỏc tớnh t khỏc. Nu ú dng mo t
thỡ khụng dng tớnh t s hu v ngc li. V d v th t sp xp ca tớnh t:
a silly young English man
the huge round metal bowl
my small red sleeping bag
art/poss opinion
size
age
shape
color origin
material purpose
noun
a

silly

Gv: Đỗ Xuân Hà

young

English

man
10


Chuyên đề BDHSG anh 7- Phần ngữ pháp
Trờng THCS Hơng Lâm
the
huge
round

metal

bowl

my
small
red
sleeping
bag
1. Compound Adjective. (Tớnh t kp)
a. Danh t dng lm tớnh t

Trong ting Anh cú nhiu trng hp mt danh t ng trc mt danh t khỏc lm nhim v ca mt
tớnh t (a wool coat, a gold watch, a history teacher). Danh t i trc cú vai trũ ca mt tớnh t, b ngha cho
danh t i sau. Cỏc danh t úng vai trũ ca tớnh t lun lun dng s t, cho d danh t c chỳng b
ngha cú th dng s nhiu (tr mt vi trng hp cỏ bit: a sports car, small-claims court, a no-frills
store...). Cỏc liờn kt s m danh t (number-noun) luụn c ngn cỏch bi du gch ni.
We took a five-week tour.
(We took a tour that lasted five weeks)
He has a two-year subscription to that magazine.
(His subscription to that magazine is for two years)
These are twenty-dollar shoes.
(These shoes cost twenty dollars.)
b. Khi no dng danh t lm tớnh t, khi no dng tớnh t ca danh t ú?
Trong mt s trng hp nu dựng danh t lm tớnh t thỡ nỳ mang ngha en:
A gold watch = a watch made of gold.
Nhng nu dựng tớnh t thỡ nỳ mang ngha bỳng:
A golden opportunity = a chance that it is very rare and precious (qu gi).
Khụng c dựng tớnh t b ngha cho danh t khi nú ch tớnh cht ngh nghip hoc ni dung, khi ú phi
dựng danh t úng vai trũ tớnh t:
a mathematics teacher, a biology book
2. Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns. (Tớnh t ch nh v i t ch nh)
a. i t ch nh THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE
cú thờm cụng c t cõu, ta cn bit v nhng t ny.
* Ngha:
THIS = ny, cỏi ny, õy
THESE = s nhiu ca THIS
THAT =ú, cỏi ú, iu ú
THOSE = s nhiu ca THAT
* Cah dng:
- i t ch nh luụn ng trc danh t
- i t ch nh cú th khụng cn danh t, t thõn nú cú th lm ch ng

* V d:
+ THIS CAR IS VERY FAST. = Chic xe hi ny rt nhanh.(chy rt nhanh)
+ THIS IS A BASIC LESSON. = õy l mt bi hc c bn.
+ THESE LESSONS ARE EASY TO UNDERSTAND. = Nhng bi hc ny d hiu.
+ THESE ARE BASIC LESSONS = Nhng cỏi ny l nhng bi hc c bn.
+ THAT DOG IS VICIOUS. = Con chú ú d lm.
+ THAT IS MY DAUGHTER. = ú l con gỏi tụi.
+ THOSE PILLS ARE ASPIRINS. = My viờn thuc ú l aspirin.
+ THOSE ARE MY CHILDREN = My a ú l con ca tụi.
b. Hn nh t: Much, many, a lot of v lots of trong mt s trng hp khỏc
b.1 Much & many
Many hoc much thng ng trc danh t. Many i vi danh t m c v much i vi danh t
khụng m c:
She didnt eat much breakfast.
(Cụ ta khụng n sỏng nhiu)
There arent many large glasses left.
(Khụng cũn li nhiu cc ln)
Tuy nhin much of cú th i vi tờn ngi v tờn a danh:
Gv: Đỗ Xuân Hà

11


Chuyên đề BDHSG anh 7- Phần ngữ pháp
Trờng THCS Hơng Lâm
I have seen too much of Howard recently.
(Gn õy tụi hay gp Howard)
Not much of Denmark is hilly.
(an mch khụng cú my i nỳi)
Many/much of + determiner (a, the, this, my... ) + noun.

You cant see much of a country in a week.
(Anh khụng th bit nhiu v mt nc trong vũng mt tun õu.)
I wont pass the exam. I have missed many of my lessons.
(Tụi s khụng thoỏt c k thi ny mt, tụi b quỏ nhiu bi.)
Many v much dựng nhiu trong cõu ph nh v cõu nghi vn, trong cõu khng nh cú th dựng cỏc loi
t khỏc nh plenty of, a lot, lots of... thay th.
How much money have you got? Ive got plenty.
He got lots of men friends, but he doesnt know many women.
Tuy vy trong ting Anh, much v many vn c dựng bnh thng trong cõu khng nh.
Much has been written about the causes of unemployment in the opinion of many economists.
Much dựng nh mt phú t (much ng trc ng t nhng ng sau very v sau cu trỳc ph nh ca
cõu):
I dont travel much these days. (much = very often)
I much appreciate your help. (much=highly)
We very much prefer the country to the town.
Janet much enjoyed her stay with your family.
Much too much / many so many ( nhn mnh) dựng c lp sau mnh chớnh, trc danh t m nú b
ng.
The cost of a thirty-second commercial advertisement on a television show is $300,000, much too much
for most business.
Many a + singular noun + singular verb: Bit bao nhiu.
Many a strong man has disheartened before such a challenge.
(Bit bao chng trai trỏng kin ú nn lũng trc mt th thỏch nh vy)
I have been to the top of the Effeil tower many a time.
Manys the + {smt that / sbody who} + singular verb
Manys the student who couldnt follow the post-graduate courses at universities and colleges under the
pressure of money.
(Bit bao nhiờu sinh viờn ú khụng th theo hc cỏc trng H v C do thiu tin)
Manys the promise that has been broken.
(Bit bao nhiờu li ha ú b phn bi)

b.2 Phõn bit alot/ lots of/ plenty/ a great deal vi many/ much
Cỏc thnh ng trờn u cú ngha tng ng vi much/ many (nhiu) v most (a phn). A lot of/ lots of
(informal) = a great deal/ a large number of/ much/ many (formal).
Khụng cú khc nhau g my gia a lot of v lots of. Ch ng chớnh sau hai thnh ng ny s quyt
nh vic chia ng t.
a lot of
| uncountable noun + singular verb
lots of
| plural noun + plural verb
A lot of time is needed to learn a language.
Lots of us think its time for an election.
Plenty of c dựng ph bin trong informal English.
Dont rush, theres plenty of time.
Plenty of shops take checks.
A large a mount of = a great deal of + non-count noun (formal English)
I have thrown a large amount of old clothing.
Mr Lucas has spent a great deal of time in the Far East.
A lot v a great deal cú th c dựng lm phú t v v trớ ca nú l cui cõu.
On holiday we walk and swim a lot.
The gorvernment seems to change its mind a great deal.
b.3 More & most
Gv: Đỗ Xuân Hà

12


Chuyên đề BDHSG anh 7- Phần ngữ pháp
Trờng THCS Hơng Lâm
More + noun/noun phrase: dựng nh mt nh ng
We need more time.

More university students are having to borrow money these day.
More + of + personal/geographic names
It would be nice to see more of Ray and Barbara.
(Rt hay khi c gp Ray v Barbara thng xuyờn hn.)
Five hundred years ago, much more of Britain was covered with trees.
(500 nm trc õy, a phn nc Anh ph nhiu rng hn ca gi nhiu)
More of + determiner/pronoun (a/ the/ my/ this/ him/ them...)
He is more of a fool than I thought.
(Nú l mt thng ngu hn tụi tng nhiu)
Three more of the missing climbers have been found.
Could I have some more of that smoked fish.
I dont think any more of them want to come.
One more/ two more... + noun/ noun phrase
There is just one more river to cross.
Nhng phi dựng cardinal number (s m) + noun + more (Five dollars more) nu more mang ngha
thm na.
He has contributed $50, and now he wants to contribute $50 more.
Most + noun = a phn, a s
Most cheese is made from cows milk.
Most Swiss people understand French.
Most + determiner/ pronoun (a, the, this, my, him...) = Hu ht...
He has eaten 2 pizzas and most of a cold chicken.
Most of my friends live abroad.
She has eaten most of that cake.
Most of us thought he was wrong.
Most cũng c dựng thay cho mt danh t, nu trờn, danh t hoc ch ng ú ú c nhc n.
Some people had difficulty with the lecture, but most understood.
Ann and Robby found a lot of blackberries, but Susan found the most.
Most + adjective khi mang ngha very (khụng ph bin)
That is most kind of you.

Thank you for a most interesting afternoon.
b.4 Long & (for) a long time
Long c dựng trong cõu hi v cõu ph nh.
Have you been waiting long?
It does not take long to get to her house.
She seldom stays long.
(for) a long time dng trong cõu khng nh
I waited for a long time, but she didnt arrive.
It takes a long time to get to her house.
Long cũng c dựng trong cõu khng nh khi i vi: too, enough, as, so
The meeting went on much too long.
I have been working here long enough. Its time to get a new job.
You can stay as long as you want.
Sorry! I took so long.
Long before (lõu trc khi)/ long after (múi sau khi)/ long ago (cỏch õy ú lõu)
We used to live in Paris, but that was long before you were born.
Long after the accident he used to dream that he was dying.
Long ago, in a distant country, there lived a beautiful princess.
Long mang vai trũ phỳ t phi t sau tr ng t, trc ng t chớnh:
This is a problem that has long been recognized.

Gv: Đỗ Xuân Hà

13


Chuyên đề BDHSG anh 7- Phần ngữ pháp
Trờng THCS Hơng Lâm
All (day/ night/ week/ year) long = sut c...
She sits dreaming all day long

(Cụ ta ngi m mng sut c ngy).
Before + long = Ngay bõy gi, chng bao lõu na
I will be back before long
(Ti s quay li ngay bõy gi).
Trong cõu ph nh for a long time (ú lõu, trong mt thi gian di) khỏc vi for long (ngn, khụng
di, chc lỏt)
She didnt speak for long.
(She only spoke for a short time)
She didnt speak for a long time.
(She was silent for a long time)
II/ Phỳ t
Phú t b ngha cho ng t, cho mt tớnh t hoc cho mt phú t khỏc. Nú tr li cho cõu hi How?
Rita drank too much. (How much did Rita drink?)
I don't play tenis very well. (How well do I play?)
He was driving carelessly. (How was he driving?)
John is reading carefully. (How is John reading?)
She speaks Spanish fluently. (How does she speak Spanish?)
Thụng thng, cỏc tớnh t mụ t cú th bin i thnh phú t bng cỏch thờm ui -ly vo tớnh t.
He is a careful driver. He always drives carefully.
TNH T
PH T (Trng t)
bright
brightly
careful
carefully
quiet
quietly
Tuy nhin, cú mt s tớnh t khụng theo quy tc trờn:
1) Mt s tớnh t c bit: good => well; hard => hard; fast => fast; ...
She is a good singer. She sings very well.

2) Mt s tớnh t cũng cú tn cựng l uụi ly (lovely, friendly) nờn thay th cho phú t ca cỏc tớnh t
ny, ngi ta dựng: in a + Adj + way/ manner
He is a friendly man. He behaved me in a friendly way.
Ca t sau cũng l phỳ t: so, very, almost, soon, often, fast, rather, well, there, too. Cỏc phú t c chia lm
6 loi sau:
ADVERB OF
EXAMPLE
TELL US
manner

happily, bitterly

how something happens

degree

totally, completely

how much ST happens, often go with an adjective

frequency

never, often

how often ST happens

time

recently, just

when things happen

place

here, there

where things happen

disjunctive
hopefully, frankly
opinion about things happen
Cỏc phú t thng úng vai trũ trng ng (modifier xem phn 1) trong cõu. Ngoi ra ca ng gii t
cng úng vai trũ trng ng nh phú t, chỳng bao gm mt gii t m u v danh t i sau ch: a
im (at home), thi gian (at 5 pm), phng tin (by train), tnh hung, hnh ng (in a very difficult
situation). Cỏc cm t ny u cú chc nng v cỏch s dng nh phú t, cng cú th coi l phú t.
V th t, cỏc phú t cựng b ngha cho mt ng t thng xut hin theo th t: manner, palce, time.
Núi chung, phú t ch cỏch thc ca hnh ng (manner - cho bit hnh ng din ra nh th no) thng
liờn h cht ch hn vi ng t so vi phú t ch a im (place) v phú t ch a im li liờn kt vi
ng t cht ch hn phú t ch thi gian (time).
The old woman sits quietly by the fire for hours.
Gv: Đỗ Xuân Hà

14


Chuyên đề BDHSG anh 7- Phần ngữ pháp
Trờng THCS Hơng Lâm
V v trớ, cỏc phú t hu nh cú th xut hin bt c ch no trong cõu, nhng cũng v th, nỳ l vn
khỏ phc tp. V trớ ca phú t cú th lm thay i phn no ý ngha ca cõu. Chng ta s xem xt tng loi
phỳ t:

II. 1. Adverb of manner:
Cỏc phú t v cm phú t ch phng thc ca hnh ng cú th ng u cõu, cui cõu hoc gia cõu
(thụng dng hn). Vớ d:
He angrily slammed the door.
He slammed the door angrily.
Angrily he slammed the door.
Khi ng gia cõu, phú t ng gia ch ng v ng t chớnh, nhng ng sau tr ng t hoc ng t
be nu cú.
Ina had carefully placed the vase on the table.
Ina had been carefully arranging the flowers.
V tr ca phỳ t cú th lm thay i ý ngha ca cõu. Xột cỏc cõu sau:
She answered the question immediately.
She immediately answered the question.
She answered the question foolishly.
She foolishly answered the question.
Trong hai cõu u, ý ngha ca cõu khụng b nh hng bi v trớ ca phú t, nhng hai cõu sau thỡ cú
s khc nhau. Cõu 3 cho bit cõu tr li ca c ta l ngc ngch, cũn cõu 4 cú ngha C y tht ngc ngch
khi tr li cõu hi. Phỳ t foolishly khi ng cui cõu thỡ ch b ngha cho ng t answered the question,
nhng khi c t gia cõu li cú liờn h vi ch ng nhiu hn l vi ng t. Hin tng ny cũng xy ra
vi cỏc loi phú t khỏc. Nghiờn cu thờm cỏc vớ d sau:
John was able to solve this problem without any help.
(John cú th gii c bi toỏn ny m khụng cn s tr gip no)
Even John was able to solve this problem without any help.
(Ngay c John cũng cú th gii c bi toỏn ny m ...)
John was even able to solve this problem without any help.
(John cú th thm chớ gii c bi toỏn ny m ...)
John was able to solve even this problem without any help.
(John cú th gii c ngay c bi toỏn ny m khụng cn ...)
John was able to solve this problem even without any help.
(John cú th gii c bi toỏn ny m thm chớ khụng cn ti s tr gip no)

He completely failed to agree with me.
(Anh ta hon ton khụng ng ý vi ti)
He failed to agree completely with me.
(Anh ta khụng ng ý hon ton vi ti)
Phú t ch cỏch thc ca hnh ng thng ch ng gia cõu khi nú l t n (vi uụi ly). Phn ln
cỏc phú t thuc dng ny. Nhng cũng cú mt s phú t l mt cm t, thng bt u bng with. Khi ú
phi t nú cui cõu:
She was looking through the notes with great interest.
Tng t nh vy, khi hai phú t ghộp song song vi nhau, chỳng cũng phi cui cõu.
She angrily called him an idiot.
She called him an idiot angrily and loudly.
II.2. Adverb of place:
Phú t ch ni chn l loi d nh nht. Nú luụn xut hin cui cõu.
I had lunch in the canteen.
Trong mt s mu cõu o v trớ ca ch ng v ng t, nú cú th ng u cõu:
Here is your homework.
II.3. Adverb of time:
Phú t ch thi gian li c phõn lm 2 loi. Loi ch thi gian tuyt i (yesterday, tonight, on Sunday,
in December...) v loi ch thi gian tng i (recently, already,...). i vi loi ch thi gian tng i, v
trớ ca chỳng ging nh i vi phú t ch cỏch thc ca hnh ng. Ta ch núi n õy loi ch thi gian
tuyt i. Nú cú liờn kt yu nht vi ng t trong cõu nờn cú th xut hin bt c v trớ no trong cõu, min
sao khụng ng gia ng t v cỏc tr ng t. Tuy nhiờn, nú thng ng u cõu hoc cui cõu.
Gv: Đỗ Xuân Hà
15


Chuyên đề BDHSG anh 7- Phần ngữ pháp
Trờng THCS Hơng Lâm
I didn't go cycling yesterday.
In 1987 she was working for a bank in Manchester.

II.4. Adverb of frequency:
Phỳ t ch tn xut cũng phõn lm 2 loi: tn sut tuyt i (once a week, twice a month, ...) v tn xut
tng i (always, nearly always, usually, often, quite often, sometimes, occasionally, hardly ever, never).
Tn xut tuyt i c dựng ging nh phú t ch thi gian, thng ng u cõu hoc cui cõu. Tn xut
tng i li thng ng gia cõu, sau ch ng v trc ng t chớnh (nhng sau ng t be)
Sally always gets here on time.
Fred is sometimes late for class.
Cỏc phú t ch tn xut nh: occasionally, sometimes, often... cú th ng u cõu hoc cui cõu:
Things get complicated sometimes.
Often I forget where I put things.
II.5. Adverb of degree:
TOO/SO v EITHER/NEITHER
Hai cp t TOO/SO v EITHER/NEITHER rt thng c dựng trong vn núi. Tuy nhiờn, nhiu ngi
hc cm thy khú phõn bit cỏch dựng mi t sao cho ỳng. Bi ny chỳng ta s hc v 4 t c bit ny.
TOO/SO, EITHER/NEITHER tt c u cú chung ngha l "cũng", nhng EITHER/NEITHER mang
ngha ph nh, tc l "cũng khụng"
* TOO/SO: cp ny ch dng cho cõu mang ngha khng nh.
- TOO: dng cui cõu.
Nam: I LOVE YOU. (anh yu em)
Hoa: I LOVE YOU, TOO. (em cũng yờu anh)
- SO: luụn ng u cõu v nú phi mn tr ng t phự hp i lin sau nú v ng lin trc ch ng.
-- VD 1:
Nam: I LOVE ENGLISH. (ti yu thch ting Anh)
Hoa: SO DO I.(tụi cũng vy) (do cõu A núi dựng hin ti n phi ng t thng, do ú tr ng t l DO
cho ch ng l I)
--VD 2:
Nam: I AM A STUDENT. (ti l sinh vin)
Hoa: SO IS MY YOUNGER BROTHER (em trai ti cũng vy). (do cõu ngi núi trc dựng AM, nờn
phi mng IS ng sao SO cho hp vi MY YOUNGER BROTHER, l danh t s ớt)
-- VD 3:

Nam: I WENT TO LE HONG PHONG HIGH SCHOOL. (tụi ú hc trng Lờ Hng Phong)
Hoa: SO DID I. (ti cũng vy) (v cõu ngi núi trc dng thỡ quỏ kh n, nờn tr ng t tng ng
t sau SO phi l DID)
--VD 4:
Nam: I HAVE BEEN TO THAILAND. (tụi ú c i Thỏi Lan)
Hoa: SO HAVE I. (tụi cũng vy) (Do cõu ngi núi trc dựng thỡ hin ti hon thnh nn tr ng t
cn mn t sau SO phi l HAVE)
* EITHER/NEITHER: cp ny ch dựng trong cõu mang ngha ph nh
- EITHER: ng cui cõu.
Nam: I DON'T LIKE FISH. (ti khụng thch c)
Hoa: I DON'T, EITHER. (tụi cũng khụng)
- NEITHER ng u cõu, mn tr ng t, tr ng t ng lin sau NEITHER v ng lin trc Ch
ng.
Gv: Đỗ Xuân Hà
16


Chuyên đề BDHSG anh 7- Phần ngữ pháp
Trờng THCS Hơng Lâm
Nam: I DON'T LIKE FISH. (ti khụng thch c)
Hoa: NEITHER DO I.
(ti cũng khụng)
II.6. Disjunctive adverbs:
Phú t ch quan im, tnh cm ca ngi núi thng xut hin u cõu hoc cui cõu sau du phy.
Thankfully we still had some time to spare.
Clearly we will have to think about this again.
Frankly my dear, I don't give a damn.
We still had some time to spare, thankfully.
E. Chuyờn 5: Sentences. ( Cõu)
1. Cõu mnh lnh.

Cõu mnh lnh l cõu cú tớnh cht sai khin nn cũn gi l cõu cu khin. Mt ngi ra lnh hoc yờu cu
cho mt ngi khỏc lm mt vic g ú. Nú thng theo sau bi t please. Ch ng ca cõu mnh lnh c
ngm hiu l you. Lun dng dng thc nguyn th (khụng cú to) ca ng t trong cõu mnh lnh. Cõu
mnh lnh chia lm 2 loi: Trc tip v giỏn tip.
1.1 Mnh lnh thc trc tip.
Close the door
Please turn off the light.
Open the window.
Be quiet.
Sau õy l li thoi trong mt on qung cỏo bia trờn TV:
Tờn cp xụng vo mt quỏn bia, rỳt sỳng ra cha vo mi ngi v quỏt:
- Give me your jewelry! Dont move!
Mt thanh nin t t tin li t pha sau, g mt chai bia Laser lnh vo gy hn:
- Drop your weapon!
Tờn cp tng sau gỏy hn l mt hng sỳng lin buụng vũ khớ u hng.
1.2 Mnh lnh gin tip.
Dng thc giỏn tip thng c dựng vi: to order/ ask/ say/ tell sb to do smt.
John asked Jill to turn off the light.
Please tell Jaime to leave the room.
I ordered him to open the book.
1.3 Dng ph nh ca cõu mnh lnh.
dng ph nh, thờm Dont vo trc ng t trong cõu trc tip (k c ng t be) hoc thm not vo
trc ng t nguyờn th trong cõu giỏn tip.
Dont move! Or Ill shoot. (ng im, khụng tao bn)
Dont turn off the light when you go out.
Dont be silly. Ill come back. (ng cú ngc th, ri anh s v m)
John asked Jill not to turn off the light.
Please tell Jame not to leave the room.
I ordered him not to open his book.
Ch ý: let's khc let us

let's go: mnh i no
let us go: húy chỳng tụi i
Cõu hi cú uụi ca let's l shall we
Let's go out for dinner, shall we
2. Cõu cm thn.
Cõu cm thỏn (exclamator sentence): l cõu din t mt cm giỏc (feeling) hay mt xỳc ng
(emotion). Hỡnh thc cm thn thng c cu to vi HOW, WHAT, SO, SUCH
+ Cõu cm thỏn vi WHAT theo nhng cu trỳc nh sau:
WHAT + a/ an + adj + danh t m c
What a lazy student! (Cu hc trũ li quỏ!)
What an interesting novel! (Quyn tiu thuyt hay quỏ!)
Ghi chỳ: i vi cu trỳc ny, khi danh t m c s nhiu, ta khụng dựng a/an. V lỳc ú cu
trỳc cõu s l:
Gv: Đỗ Xuân Hà
17


Chuyên đề BDHSG anh 7- Phần ngữ pháp
Trờng THCS Hơng Lâm
WHAT + adj + danh t m c s nhiu
What tight shoes are! (Giy cht quỏ!)
What beautiful flowers are! (Bụng hoa p quỏ!)
i vi danh t khụng m c, ta theo cu trỳc:
WHAT + adj + danh t khụng m c
What beautiful weather! (Thi tit p quỏ! )
i vi cu trỳc va k, ngi ta cú th thờm vo phớa sau mt ch t v mt ng t. V lỳc ú,
cu trỳc vi What s l:
What + a/ an + adj + noun + S + V
What lazy students! (Tụi ú xem mt phim hay quỏ)
What a good picture they saw! (Chng nỳ l nhng hc sinh li bing bit bao nhiờu)

+ Cõu cm thỏn vi HOW cú cu trỳc nh sau:
HOW + adjective/ adverb + S + V
How cold (adj) it is!
How interesting (adj) this film is!
How well (adv) she sings!
4. Cõu hi.
Ting Anh cú nhiu loi cõu hi cú nhng chc nng v mc ớch khỏc nhau. Trong cõu hi, tr ng t
hoc ng t be bao gi cũng ng trc ch ng. Nu khụng cú tr ng t hoc ng t be, ta phi dng
dng thc do, does, did nh mt tr ng t thay th. Sau cỏc ng t hoc tr ng t ú, phi dựng ng
chớnh t dng nguyờn th khụng cú to. Thi v th ca cõu hi ch c chia bi tr ng t, ch khụng
phi ng t chớnh.
a. Cõu hi Yes/ No
S d ta gi l nh vy v khi tr li, dng Yes/No. Nh rng khi tr li:
- Yes + Positive verb
- No + Negative verb.
(khụng c tr li theo kiu cõu ting Vit)
Isn't Mary going to school today?
Was Mark sick yesterday?
Have you seen this movie before?
Will the committe decide on the proposal today?
Don't you still want to use the telephone?
Did you go to class yesterday?
Doesn't Ted like this picture?
b. Cõu hi ly thng tin (information question)
-Trong Ting Anh ta cú nhng t dung hi l: who, whom, which, what, where, when, why, how,
how often, how many, how much, how long, how far
- Khi nhng t dựng hi who, whom, which, what, where, when, why, how how often, how many,
how much, how long, how far
úng vai trũ ch ng trong cõu ta cú cu trc sau:
Question word + verb +object?

EX: - Who teach you English?
- Which is better?
Gv: Đỗ Xuân Hà
18


Chuyên đề BDHSG anh 7- Phần ngữ pháp
Trờng THCS Hơng Lâm
-Khi nhng t hi úng vai trũ tõn ng hay trng t, ta cú cng thc sau:
Question word + Auxiliary + subject + verb + (object)?
EX: - Where did he meet her?
- When did he come here?
- How long does/did it take you to walk to school? It takes/took me 5 minutes to walk to school.
- How far is it from your house to school? Its about 2 kilometers.
- How much is/are this/these book(s)? It is/ They are.
- How much do/does this/these book(s) cost? It costs/ They cost.
- What does/do this/these book(s) cost?
- What is the price of this/these book(s)?
i vi loi cõu hi ny, cõu tr li khụng th n gin l yes hay no m phi cú thờm thụng tin. Chỳng
thng dựng cỏc t nghi vn, chia lm 3 loi sau:
c. Who hoc What: cõu hi ch ng
õy l cõu hi khi mun bit ch ng hay ch th ca hnh ng.
Something happened lastnight => What happened last night?
Someone opened the door. => Who opened the door?
Chỳ ý cỏc cõu sau õy l sai ng php:
Who did open the door? (SAI)
What did happen lastnight? (SAI)
d. Whom hoc What: cõu hi tõn ng
õy l cỏc cõu hi dựng khi mun bit tõn ng hay i tng tỏc ng ca hnh ng
Nh rng trong ting Anh vit chnh tc bt buc phi dng whom mc d trong ting Anh nỳi cú th

dng who thay cho whom trong mu cõu trn.
George bought something at the store. => What did George buy at the store?
Ana knows someone from UK. => Whom does Ana know from UK?
e. When, Where, How v Why: Cõu hi b ng
Dng khi mun bit ni chn, thi gian, lý do, cah thc ca hnh ng.
How did Maria get to school today?
When did he move to London?
Why did she leave so early?
Where has Ted gone?
When will she come back?
F. chuyờn 6: Gerunds or Infinitives.
I.To infinitive ( Nguyờn th cú to ).
S dng trong cỏc trng hp sau:
1.Sau cỏc ng t: afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, beg, claim, decide, demand, deserve, expect,
fail, forget, happen, hope, learn, manage,mean, need, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse,
regret, remember, remind, seem, swear, tend, volunteer.
Eg: She pretended not to have seen him.
2.Sau tõn ng ca cỏc ng t : advise,allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, encourage, expect, forbid,
force, hire, instruct, invite, need, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, teach, tell, urge, want, warn,

Eg: My friend invited me to join them.
3.Sau cỏc ng t c theo sau bi mt t hi : ask, decide, explain,
forget, know, learn,
remember, show, tell, understand, wonder,.
Eg: + Have you decided where to go for the Christmas ?
4.Sau ca tớnh t: afraid, amazed, anxious, astonished, careful, glad, happy, lucky, pleased, ready,
relieved, sad, shocked, sorry, surprised, upset,
Eg: Jack was relieved to hear his son was out of danger.
5.Sau ca phỳ t: enough, too.
(-) too + adj/adv + (for smb) + to-inf

Din t ý ngha tiờu cc.
(-) enough + N + to-inf
Din t ý ngha tớch cc.
Adj/adv + enough + (for smb) to-inf
Gv: Đỗ Xuân Hà

19


Chuyên đề BDHSG anh 7- Phần ngữ pháp
Trờng THCS Hơng Lâm
Eg: + This shirt is too large for me to wear .
+ This shirt is large enough for me to wear.
6.Sau cỏc cm t: would like, would love, would prefer.
Eg: I would prefer to be on holiday instead of working.
7. Sau cỏc cu trỳc sau:
(-) It + be + adj + of + O + to-inf.
Generous, good, kind, + of.
Nice, polite, stupid,
Eg: It was very kind of her to call.
(-) It + be + adj + for + O + to-inf.
Difficult, easy, essential
Important, (un)necessary + for
(un)usual,.
Eg: It is necessary for him to have a rest.
II.Bare infinitive ( Nguyờn th khụng to ).
S dng trong cỏc trng hp sau:
1. Sau Model Verbs nh: can,could, may, must, will, shall, would, should,
have to,might....
Eg: You should wake up early in the morning.

2. Sau cỏc cm t nh: would rather, would sooner, had better.
Eg: Jane would rather go to Salonica by plane.
3. Sau cỏc ng t nh: make, let, hear, listen to, notice, observe, see,
watch,.
Eg: + Will you let me go to the party tonight ?
+ She heard him come in.
* Chỳ ý: Nhng ng t trờn ( loi tr ng t let ) i ngay sau chỳng l
mt to-inf trong cõu b ng.
Eg: + He was seen to open the door.
+ They were made to do some extra work.
III .Verb- ing.
S dng trong cỏc trng hp sau:
1. Sau mt s ng t nh: admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny,
discuss, dislike, enjoy,
fancy, finish, imagine, involve, keep(on), mention, mind,miss, postpone,practise, prefer, quit, recall,
recommend, resent,risk resist, suggest, tolerate,.
Eg: + Tony dislikes driving small car.
+ Would you mind waiting for a moment ?
+ Have you finished reading that book ?
2. Sau cỏc cm t nh : be/get accustomed to, be/get used to, object to,
look forward to, take
to, in addition to, be busy, be worth, have a good time/difficulty in.
Eg: + The children were not used to living in the country.
+ They are looking forward to traveling abroad.
3. Sau gii t hoc ng t + gii t.( about, of, without, with, in, on, after, before..)
Eg: + Touch your toes without bending your knees.
+ Helen is excited about studying abroad.
IV. Cỏc ng t cú c dng to-inf v V - ing i ngay sau chỳng m ngha khụng thay i.
Like, love, hate, begin, start, continue, intend, prefer, cant bear, cú th cú c dng to-inf v
dng V-ing m v mt ch cú mt ớt hoc khụng cú s khỏc nhau no c.

Eg: Tim loves to play / playing tennis.
G. chuyờn 6: Suggestions, Invitations. (Cõu ngh, Li mi)
1. suggest( ngh ai lm vic gỡ)
S + susgest + V-ing + O
Eg: I suggest learning English.
S + susgest + that + S + should + V(bare-inf).
Gv: Đỗ Xuân Hà

20


Chuyên đề BDHSG anh 7- Phần ngữ pháp
Trờng THCS Hơng Lâm
Eg: I suggest that we should save energy.
* Trong vn núi cũn cú nhiu cỏch din t li ngh khỏc.
- Why dont you / we + V(bare-inf) ..?
Eg: Why dont we go out for a walk ?
- Let us + V(bare-inf)= Lets + V(bare-inf)
Eg: Lets go out for a walk.
- What about + V-ing.?
Eg: What about going out for a walk ?
- How about + V-ing..?
Eg: How about going out for a walk ?
- Shall we + V..?
Eg: Shall we go by taxi?
2. Invitation( Li mi)
-Would you like + Noun/to infinitive?
Eg: -Would you like a cup of tea?
- Would you like to have some coffee?
H. chuyờn 8: Prepositions. (Gii t)

1. nh ngha: Gii t l t loi ch s lin quan gia ca t loi trong cm t, trong cõu. Nhng t
thng i sau gii t l tõn ng (Object), Verb + ing, Cm danh t ...
V d:
a. I went into the room.
b. I was sitting in the room at that time.
Ta thy r, v d a., "the room" l tõn ng ca gii t "into". v d b., "the room" l tõn ng ca gii
t "in".
Ch ý: Ca bn phi lun phõn bit trng t v gii t, v thng khi mt t cú hai chc nng ú (va l
trng t v gii t). iu khỏc nhau c bn l Trng t thỡ khụng cú tõn ng theo sau. Húy xt ca cõu sau
õy:
V d:
1. Please, come in. It's raining. (Trng t)
We are in the small room. (Gii t); v tõn ng ca "In" l "The room"
2. He ran down quickly. (Trng t) - v "quickly" khụng phi l tõn ng ca "down"; nỳ ch l trng t ch
cah thc m thi.
3. My dictionary is on the desk. (Gii t) - v nỳ lin kt vi tõn ng: (the desk).
2. Cah s dng gii t trong ting Anh:
Cú th nỳi vic dng ca gii t khụng phi d, v mi nc cú cỏch dựng gii t c bit; vy ta phi rt
chỳ ý n nú ngay t lỳc mi hc mụn ngoi ng ú núi chung v ting Anh núi riờng.
Trong ting Anh, ngi ta khụng th t ra cỏc quy lut v cỏc phộp dựng gii t mang tớnh c nh cho
mi gii t ú - cựng mt gii t, khi i vi t loi khỏc nhau thỡ to ra ngha khc nhau. Vy chỳng ta nờn
hc thuc mi khi gp phi v hc ngay t lỳc ban u.
V d:
depend on
wait for
independent of
think of
look after
make up
look for

look up
look up to
live on
....................
................
3. Ca loi gii t trong ting Anh.
Ca gii t trong ting Anh cú th c phõn thnh my loi sau:
3.1. Gii t ch Thi gian.
after
during
since
at
for
throughout
before
from
foreward
behind
in
until
by
on
within
Gv: Đỗ Xuân Hà

21


Chuyên đề BDHSG anh 7- Phần ngữ pháp
Trờng THCS Hơng Lâm

3.2. Gii t ch a im/Ni chn.
about
beneath
over
above
beside
through
across
beyond
to
at
by
toward
before
in
under
behind
off
within
below
on
without

3.3. Gii t ch Lý do, nguyn nhõn.
at
on
for
over
from
through

of
with
3.4. Gii t ch Mc ớch.
after
on
at
to
for
3.5. Gii t thng:
after
by
on
against
for
to
among
from
with
between
of
4. V tr gii t
Thụng thng, gii t ting Anh c t nh ting Vit; tuy nhiờn, nú cú th t ngay trc T nghi vn
hay i t.
V d: What is this medal made of?
Of what is this medal made?
hay
The man whom we listened to is our new teacher.
The man to whom we listened is our new teacher.
5. Cỏch t t ng cú gii t: V trớ ca gii t trong cõu cú th lm thay i ngha ca cõu ú.
V d:

1- A letter was read from his friend in the class room.
A letter from his friend was read in the class room.
(Hai cõu trn cú ngha khc nhau bi v gii t "from" cú v tr khc nhau)
2- With his gun towards the forest he started in the morning.
With his gun, he started towards the forest in the morning.
(Hai cõu trn cú ngha khc nhau bi v gii t "from" cú v tr khc nhau)
6. Mt s gii t thụng thng:
1. AT, IN, ON
1. AT : dựng trc thi gian ngn: gi, phỳt giõy ...
At 10 o'clock; at this moment; at 10 a.m
2. ON : dựng trc thi gian ch: ngy, th ngy (trong lch ...)
On Sunday; on this day....
3. IN : dựng trc thi gian di: thỏng, mựa, nm, ...
In June; in July; in Spring; in 2005...
2. IN, INTO, OUT OF
1. IN: dựng ch v trớ (a im - khụng chuyn hng)
In the classroom; in the concert hal; in the box....
Gv: Đỗ Xuân Hà

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Chuyên đề BDHSG anh 7- Phần ngữ pháp
Trờng THCS Hơng Lâm
2. INTO: dựng ch s chuyn ng t ngoi vo trong.
I go into the classroom.
3. OUT OF: dựng ch s chuyn ng t trong ra ngoi.
I go out of the classroom.
3. FOR, DURING, SINCE:
1. FOR : dựng o khong thi gian

For two months...
For four weeks..
For the last few years...
2. DURING : dựng ch hnh ng xy ra trong sut thi gian ca s vt, s kin:
During christman time; During the film; During the play...
3. SINCE : dựng ỏnh du thi gian
Since last Saturday, since Yesterday.
4. AT, TO
1. AT: dựng ch s c nh mt v trớ no ú tng i nh, v nu din tch ni ú ln hn ta dựng
"in".
At the door; At home; At school
In Ha Noi; In the world
2. TO: dựng ch s chuyn ng ti mt ni no ú.
Go to the window; Go to the market
5. ON, OVER, ABOVE. ( trn)
1. ON: dựng ch v trớ ng lin ngay trờn
On the table; on the desk ...
2. OVER: dng ch ca lp/th t ln trn (o, qun)
I usually wear a shirt over my singlet.
3. ABOVE: Vi ngha l trờn nhng ch s cao hn so vi vt khỏc thp hn.
The ceiling fans are above the pupils.
The planes fly above our heads.
6. TILL, UNTIL (ti, cho ti khi)
1. TILL: dng cho thi gian v khụng gian.
Wait for me till next Friday (thi gian)
They walked till the end of the road. (khụng gian)
2. UNTIL: dng vi thi gian.
He did not come back until 11.pm yesterday. (thi gian)

Gv: Đỗ Xuân Hà

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