Ecomomics evelopment 10th y p todaro and smith chapter 02
Bạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (1.91 MB, 33 trang )
Chapter 2
Comparative
Economic
Development
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
Country Classifications
World Bank ranks countries on GNI per capita
•
Low Income Countries (LIC)
•
Low Middle Income Countries (LMC)
•
Upper Middle Income Countries (UMC)
•
High Income Countries (HIC)
•
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson AddisonWesley. All rights reserved.
2-2
Classification of Economies by Region
and Income in 2007
Copyright © 2009 Pearson AddisonWesley. All rights reserved.
2-3
Classification of Economies by Region and
Income, 2007
(Latin America and the Caribbean)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson AddisonWesley. All rights reserved.
(Sub-Saharan Africa)
2-4
Classification of Economies by Region and
Income, 2007
Copyright © 2009 Pearson AddisonWesley. All rights reserved.
2-5
Nations of the World, Classified by
GNI Per Capita
Copyright © 2009 Pearson AddisonWesley. All rights reserved.
2-6
Measuring Development
•
Gross National Income (GNI)
•
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
•
Purchasing Power Parity (PPI): method instead of exchange rates as conversion factors
Copyright © 2009 Pearson AddisonWesley. All rights reserved.
2-7
Income Per Capita in Selected
Countries
Copyright © 2009 Pearson AddisonWesley. All rights reserved.
2-8
Comparison of Per Capita GNI, 2005
Copyright © 2009 Pearson AddisonWesley. All rights reserved.
2-9
Basic Indicators of Development
• Health Conditions
• Life Expectancy
• Education Achievements
• Human Development Index (HDI): a composite
measure of living standards
Copyright © 2009 Pearson AddisonWesley. All rights reserved.
2-10
Commonality and Diversity:
Some Basic Indicators
Copyright © 2009 Pearson AddisonWesley. All rights reserved.
2-11
Human Development Disparities
Copyright © 2009 Pearson AddisonWesley. All rights reserved.
2-12
Human Development Disparities
Copyright © 2009 Pearson AddisonWesley. All rights reserved.
2-13
Human Development Index:
23 Countries, 2004
Copyright © 2009 Pearson AddisonWesley. All rights reserved.
2-14
Human Development Index:
23 Countries, 2004
Copyright © 2009 Pearson AddisonWesley. All rights reserved.
2-15
Human Development Index Variations:
Similar Incomes, 2004
Copyright © 2009 Pearson AddisonWesley. All rights reserved.
2-16
Common Characteristics of LDCs:
1. Lower levels of living and productivity
2. Lower levels of human capital investment (health-care, education, skills)
3. Higher levels of income inequality and poverty
4. Higher population growth rates
Copyright © 2009 Pearson AddisonWesley. All rights reserved.
2-17
Shares of Global Income, 2005
Copyright © 2009 Pearson AddisonWesley. All rights reserved.
2-18
Most and Least Populated Countries
and Their Per Capita Income, 2005
Copyright © 2009 Pearson AddisonWesley. All rights reserved.
2-19
Child Mortality Rates, 1990 and 2005
Copyright © 2009 Pearson AddisonWesley. All rights reserved.
2-20
Primary School Enrollment and
Pupil-Teacher Ratio
Copyright © 2009 Pearson AddisonWesley. All rights reserved.
2-21
Correlation between Child Mortality
and Mother’s Education
Copyright © 2009 Pearson AddisonWesley. All rights reserved.
2-22
People Living in Poverty, 1981-2002
Copyright © 2009 Pearson AddisonWesley. All rights reserved.
2-23
Common Characteristics of LDCs:
5. Greater social fractionalization
6. Larger rural population, but
rapid rural-urban migration
7. Lower levels of industrialization and
manufactured exports
8. Adverse geography and resource endowment
Copyright © 2009 Pearson AddisonWesley. All rights reserved.
2-24
Urban Population in LDCs
Copyright © 2009 Pearson AddisonWesley. All rights reserved.
2-25
