Career development interventions 5th by spence niles and bowlsbey chapter 07

Career Development Interventions
5th Edition
Spence G. Niles and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

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Chapter 7
Using Technology to Support
Career Counseling and Planning

Developed by:
Jennifer Del Corso

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved


Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT): Current Trends
• Almost all systems and applications are
Web based rather than installed on
individual computers or networks
• Ever-expanding use of graphics, audio, and
streaming video
• Multiple linkages to other Web sites
• Use of e-portfolios
• Increased capability to store documents
such as certificates, resumes, cover letters

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Nile and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved


Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT): Current Trends
• Differentiated information targeted to
specific audiences (i.e. students in grades
5-6, grades 7-8m, high school,
postsecondary; adult workers; parents;
administrators and counselors)
• Trend towards no-fee Websites funded by
departments of education, labor, economic
development, and/or commerce at the
state, national, and international level

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Nile and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved

(cont.)


Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT): Current Trends

• Increased trend to incorporate
communication via social media
• Using social media to network and job
search
• Trend to provide career planning tools via
tablets and smartphones

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Nile and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved

(cont.)


Advantages of Using the Internet
for Career Guidance
• System is available 24/7
• Potential to serve a larger audience
• E-portfolio can be developed and
maintained (i.e. certificates, resumes,
transcripts)
• Databases can be updated more frequently

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Nile and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,

Inc.
All Rights Reserved


Advantages of Using the Internet
for Career Guidance
(cont.)

• Can seamlessly integrate Internet resources
and e-mail communication
• Counselors can communicate with system
users while they are online
• Web-based services via computers, tablets,
and smartphone are common practice
worldwide

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Nile and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved


Virtual Career Centers
• Virtual career centers are websites that bring
together various websites into an organized
fashion
• Advantage : free or low cost and are not
subject to the licensing agreements of other

integrated career planning systems
• Disadvantage: lack the capability to guide a
user from one activity to the next , unable to
store assessment info, do not allow
counselors to communicate with the users via
email, cell phone or notes posted on their
portfolios
Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Nile and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved


Types of Career Sources Online
•
•
•
•
•
•

Stand-alone Web Sites
Integrated Career Planning Systems
Virtual Career Centers
Mobile Phone Applications
Social Networking/Social Media
Distance Counseling

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Nile and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved


Stand-Alone Web Sites
• There are hundreds, if not thousands, of
single-purpose Web sites that address some
part of the career planning process

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Nile and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved


Integrated Career Planning
Systems
• Integrated career planning systems are
developed to integrate various content topics
into one system (e.g. an interest inventory,
searchable occupational database, searchable
national postsecondary school database, a
resume writer, and a database of job opening)
• Users can use parts of the integrated career

planning system independently or together
depending on their specific needs

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Nile and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved


Examples of Integrated Career
Planning Systems
• ACT Profile – act.org
• Career Information System-intocareers.com
• FOCUS 2- focuscareer2.com
• Hobson’s- hobsons.com
• Kuder Career Planning Systems- kuder.com
• Valpar International Corporation- valparint.com
• Xap Corporation- xap.com

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Nile and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved


Virtual Career Centers

• A virtual career centers is a type of
integrated planning system
• Virtual career centers are websites that
bring together various websites into an
organized fashion

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Nile and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved


Virtual Career CentersAdvantages
• free or low cost and are not subject to the
licensing agreements of other integrated
career planning systems

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Nile and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved


Virtual Career CentersDisadvantages
• lack the capability to guide a user from one
activity to the next

• are unable to store assessment info, choices,
made or notes that can be accessed later by the
user,,
• do not collect data about users and their
progress
• do not allow counselors to communicate with the
users via email, cell phone or notes posted on
their portfolios

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Nile and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved


Mobile Phone Applications
• Smart phones are now delivering career
planning information and support
worldwide
• Due to the screen size on the phones,
career guidance systems must be delivered
in small packages
• Instead of receiving formal reports,
assessment results can be sent via text.

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Nile and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved


Social Networking
• Newest phenomenon related to the use of
technology
• Web-based social networking sites allow users to
create a profile and provide as much personal and
professional information as possible from which
they can socially connect or network with other
individuals (e.g. Facebook, LinkedIn, MySpace)
• Public profiles are used by employers to search job
applicants, therefore information posted on one’s
“wall” or profile page should be examined to
safeguard one’s image

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Nile and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved


Two Types of Social Media Sites
• Type 1: Social Networking sites to connect
with others such as Facebook and MySpace
• Type 2: Professional social networking sites

such as LinkedIn which allows companies to
post jobs and allows users to post resume
information

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Nile and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved


Strategies for Using Social Media
• Search yourself on Google to see the links
associated with your name and upload
documents that would expand your Internet
image (or “brand”)
• Upload professional resumes or profilesconsider using a video resume
• Make sure postings are consistent in
content
• Get as many connections and endorsements
on LinkedIn as possible

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Nile and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved

Strategies for Using Social Media
• Focus on specific employers and jobs; do
your research prior to interview
• Attempt to gain direct electronic contact
with hiring manager at company to
cultivate the relationship
• Consider creating Web Logs (called “blogs”)
in which you can journal professional topics

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Nile and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved

(cont.)


Distance Counseling
• Provides counseling to a client by a
qualified professional via the Internet
• Experience and research are insufficient at
this time to allow an evaluation of its
effectiveness
• Uses video conferences or email
• Ethical guidelines for distance counseling
has been developed by NBCC

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Nile and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved


Ethical Guidelines for ICT
• Four professional organizations have developed
ethical guidelines for the use of ICT in career
counseling and guidance:
• American Counseling Association (ACA)
• International Association for Educational and
Vocational Guidance (IAEVG)
• National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC)
• National Career Development Association (NCDA)

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Nile and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved


How to Select Web Sites and
Integrated Career Planning Systems
• theoretical base of the system, if any
• presence of online inventories and/or

capability to take assessment inventories
online and/or enter the results of an
assessment taken in print form
• quality and comprehensiveness of
databases
• ease of searches

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Nile and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved


How to Select Web Sites and
Integrated Career Planning Systems
• comprehensiveness of system content
• user-friendliness and appeal
• multimedia capabilities
• quality and track record of vendor

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Nile and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved

(cont.)

Adding High Touch to High Tech
• Computer programs alone cannot effectively serve the
career planning needs of students/clients because:
 they may have needs that are masked under the rubric of
career concerns.
 some individuals do not profit from services provided by
computer because of their learning or personality style.
•
Some clients are not ready to receive information because of
lack of readiness to process it effectively
 research indicates that the most effective career
intervention is a combination of computer and counselor.

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Nile and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved


Counselor Competencies Needed
• Detailed knowledge of the system or site
• Capability to diagnose the user’s needs
and capability to profit from use of
technology
• Capability to motivate user to invest time
• Capability to help the client process the

data into meaningful information
• Capability to move user beyond
information to an action plan

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Nile and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved