Career development interventions 5th by spence niles and bowlsbey chapter 14

Career Development Interventions
5th Edition
Spence G. Niles and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

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Chapter 14
Career Development Interventions
in Community Settings

Developed by:
Jennifer Del Corso

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved


Introduction
• Community-based counseling has had a
long struggle for recognition, though
Parsons’ Bureau in Boston was communitybased.
• School counseling was the first specialty to
be recognized -- in the National Defense
Education Act of 1958.
Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Niles and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved

Introduction
• The American Personnel and Guidance
Association (now the American Counseling
Association) was formed in 1952 by four
specialties, not including communitybased.
• ACA currently has 21 specialities.

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Niles and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
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Training, Certification, and
Licensure
• Counselor education programs at institutions that
train counselors may be approved by the Council
for Accreditation of Counseling and Related
Educational Programs (CACREP).
• Individuals may be certified by the National
Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC), which has
a requirement of 48 semester hours of course
work (60 hours for addiction, mental health, and
marital counseling), and a 600 hour supervised
internship.

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition

Spencer G. Niles and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved


Training, Certification, and
Licensure (cont.)
• Counselors must meet the requirements for
licensure as defined in their own state’s law.
Recently some state boards only license those
students from a CACREP-accredited masters
program
• Many career counselors earn a Certificate of
Advanced Study (CAS) or doctoral degree (Ed.D
or Ph.D.) with a specialty in career development
theory and practice.

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Niles and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved


Competencies
• Community- based counseling is “the
application of counseling principles and

practices in agency, organization, or individual
practice settings that are located in and
interact with the surrounding community.”
(Hershenson et al., 1996, p. 26)
• Community counseling requires at least four
additional competencies to that of other
counseling specialties – coordination,
consultation, advocacy, and case management.
Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Niles and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved


Coordination
• This is a process of bringing together the needs of a
client and resources of the community.
• An intake interview can help counselors collect
information about the clients’ strengths and barriers
• Many individuals who seek out community based
career counseling are going through a career
transition.
• Career transitions are defined as an event or nonevent
that results in a change that is significant enough to
cause disruption in one’s usual roles, relationships,
and/or routines.

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition

Spencer G. Niles and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved


Managing Career Transitions
• Schlossberg’s 4-step model provides a helpful
framework for identifying client strengths and
barriers:
1.Define the situation clearly.
2.Learn about the self or inner resources the client
has
3.Learn about the support system that does or
does not surround the client
4.Develop a strategy for coping with the present
need or transition

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Niles and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved


Identifying Needs and Barriers
• Web-based integrated career guidance systems
such as Kuder’s Journey (Kuder, Inc., 2011) can help

individuals identify needs and barriers.
• The system provides a state-specific list of Web sites
that identify community-based sources of assistance
in each of the areas identified by the user.
• It is also necessary to identify resources available in
the community and become thoroughly
knowledgeable about them in order to assist clients
to reduce barriers.

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Niles and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved


Process for Career Counseling in
an Agency Setting
• Step 1:Identify client needs.
• Step 2: Match client needs and
community resources.
• Step 3: Introduce client to the resources.
• Step 4: Refer the client to identified
resources.
• Step 5: Follow through with the client and
agency (ies) to which referral was made.

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Niles and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved


Consultation
• Consultation is the work of one
professional with another in an attempt to
find ways to reach compromise that will
address the needs of a third party (the
client).

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Niles and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved


Advocacy
• Advocacy is the act of exerting pressure
on some aspect of the community in order
to improve the resources available to
clients.

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Niles and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
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Ways to Advocate
•
•
•
•
•
•

Serve on boards of agencies,
Press for specific legislation,
Write newspaper columns,
Join protests of various kinds,
Write to legislators,
Educate others (e.g. workshops,
presentations)

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Niles and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved


Case Management

• Its goal is to assure that a client receives
the sequence of services needed in a
timely and coordinated way.
• Its instrument is the case plan.
• Its tasks include coordinating,
sequencing, communicating, and following
through.

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Niles and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved


Community Counseling and Other
Specialties
• Similarities
 Practice draws on
the same base of
counseling theory.
 Counselors deal
with similar client
problems.

• Differences
 Community counselors
deal with adults.
 Options are limited to

those in community.
 Counselor may spend
equal time with client
and resources.
 Work setting is the
community.

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Niles and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved


Typical Work Settings
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Private practice
The World Wide Web (cybercounseling)
Mental health centers
Substance abuse centers

Rehabilitation settings
Corrections and probations
Job Service offices and one-stop centers
Faith-Based Organizations
Corporations and other organizations

Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition
Spencer G. Niles and JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education,
Inc.
All Rights Reserved