Bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi môn sử ( phần 1 )

TUYỂN TẬP ĐỀ THI
TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI
MÔN LỊCH SỬ



Cty

LOI NOI DAU

EhlnJ:

Cac ban d6n§ nghidp va cac cm hoc sinh Lh&n men!

TNHH MTV Pmi

Khang

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H U O I N Q D A N L A M B A I T H I H O C S I N H QIOI

Hii^n nay Lrdn Lhi Lniong sach Lham khao mon Ljch sii c6 r^L nhiluydn Lhi dai hcpc, cao dSng nhimg iL Lhiy Lai lieu v\6l vc boi duong hoc sinh gioi. Nhu
cAu SHU [Am Lai lidu dS hSl duong hoc sinh gioi cac mon hoc noi chung cung nhu m6n
Ljch sir noi ridng dang Lro ndn r^L cAn cho Lhay c6 giao va c a c cm hoc sinh 6 cac
Lnrong THPT, n h a la cac Lruong THDT chuyen.
Tu Lhyc 16 nhu cdu do, chiing Loi manh dan bidn soan cuon " 5 0 1 D U O N G H Q C
G I O I MON LICH &\J 12" v6i hy vong gop moL ph^n nho vao vide giai quycL nhu
c^u buc xuc dang daL ra va b 6 sung vao kho Lai lieu sach Lham khao mon Ljch su dang
hidn hanh. Day la nhirng v^n d 6 c6 lidn quan den cac ki Lhi hoc sinh gioi qu6c gia mon

Ljch sii hang nam ciia B6 Giao due va Dao Lao.
(Sach gom c6 ba phdn:
Phan 1: Huong dan lam bai Lhi hoc sinh gioi mon Ljch su
Chiing Loi d c cSp d6n bon v^n 66: ydu cAn on Lfip; muc d d kien Lhuc va ki nBng;
cAn Lnic d6 Lhi va moL s6 v^n d e c^n luu y khi on L&p va lam bai Lhi hoc sinh gioi mon
Ljch su.
Phan 2: Ljch su VidL Nam hidn dai
Trong phdn nay, chiing Loi chia ra moL so cac chuydn d e Lhco Lien Lrinh phaL Lriin
ljch su dan L6c Lu nSm 1919 den nay. M6i chuydn 66. chiing Loi khac sSu nhirng kien
c^n Lhi6L, c6 lidn quan den vide b6i duong hoc sinh gioi va Lhi hgc sinh gioi.
Phan 3: Ljch su Lhi^ gioi hidn dai
Chiing Loi gioi Lhidu nh&ng ki6n Lhiic c o ban, c6 dong ve ljch sii Lh<5 gioi Lhoi can
va hidn dai, d o la nhung kien Lhiic phuc vu cho vide boi duong hoc sinh gioi LoL nh^L
Hi vong rang, cuon nay d6n voi quy Lhiy c6 giao va cac cm hoc sinh nhu la moL Lai
lidu nghidn ciiu, Lham khao, d e \in luoL Lhao g o nhung kho khSn, vuong mic Lrong qua
Lrinh boi duong hoc sinh gioi daL kcL qua LoL nh^L.
Tuy da c6 nhieu c6 gang nghidn ciiu, song qua Lrinh bidn soan chac se khong
Lranh khoi nhOng Lhicu soL, riL mong nhSn dugc sir dong g o p y kien cua cac ban dong
nghidp va cac cm hoc sinh. Ain chSn Lhanh cam on!^
TACGIA
Hit,

I. Y E U C A U O N T A P T H I H Q C S I N H G I O I M O N L I C H SU"

'

1. Khac voi vi#c on tap thi tot nghiep hay thi dai hpc, on tap thi hpc sinh gioi
yeu cau phai trai rpng trong toan bp chuong trinh Hch su lop 10,11 va 12.
2. Npi dung on tap phai phu hgp voi yeu cau, muc do cua thi sinh thi hoc sinh
gioi, ngoai kiem tra kien thuc va ki nang co ban aia hpc sinh con phai kiem tra kha

nang hieu kien thuc. Phai dam bao su can doi cac yeu cau kiem tra kien thuc, ren
luyen ki nang, ren !uy?n kha nang tu duy sang tao ciia hpc sinh.
*
•
3. Npi dung on tap phai bam bam sat cac yeu cau ve kien thuc, ki nang 6 cac
muc dp da dupe hpc trong chuong trinh nang cao va npi dung chuyen sau.
II. M L / C D O C A N D A T V E K I E N THLTC V A K I

N A N G

1. Ve kien thuc: yeu cau hpc sinh phai nho, nam virng va hieu sau sic cac
kien thuc co ban ciia chuong trinh, sach giao khoa nang cao va npi dung cac
chu de chuyen sau. Do la nen tang co ban virng vang de tie'p can cac kien thuc
sau sac hon.
2. Ve k l nang: can chii trpng ki nang phan tich, tong hap, khai quat hoa kien
thuc, ren luy^n kha nang van dung cac kien thuc vao giai quyet cac van de
trong hpc tap va thyc tien, dac bi^t chii y ki nang viet, ki nang trinh bay mpt
van de.
3. Vi?c on tap thi hpc sinh gioi mon Ljch su phai dya tren co so phat trien
nang luc tri tu^ ciia hpc sinh t u miic dp dan gian den phuc tap, t u thap den
cao; npi dung bao ham cac muc dp khac nhau cua nhan thuc. Tuy nhien, doi
voi thi hpc sinh gioi khong chi dirng lai 6 vi^c cac kien thuc nhan biet, thong
hieu, van dung ma con chii y den viec danh gia cac k l nang cao han nhu kha
nang so sanh, doi chieu, lap luan, the hi^n chinh kien ciia minh va van dyng
kien thuc da hpc vao cupc song dang doi hoi.
H I . C A U T R U C B A I T H I M O N L I C H SU"

Doi voi de thi chpn hpc sinh gioi quoc gia mon Lich su gom 7 cau, thang
diem 20, dugc phan bo nhu sau:
Cau 1 (2,5 diem): Phan ljch su Vi?t Nam.

-il"'
'
"^'^"^
Cau 2 (2,5 diem): Phan ljch su the gioi.
Cau 3 (3 diem): Kien thuc ljch su Vi^t Nam, cau hoi yeu cau thi sinh phai
biet tong hpp kien thuc.
Cau 4 (3 diem): Kien thuc Hch su Viet Nam, tren co so trinh bay mpt sy ki?n
hay mpt qua trinh ljch su Vi?t Nam, thi sinh biet de giai thich hi§n tupng lich
su do.


3Si du&ng HSG L/ch Sit 12 - Ths. Truvn^ Ngpc Thoi

Cau 5 (3 d i e m ) : Kie'n thuc Ijch sir Vi$t N a m , tren co so n h u n g sir ki#n hay
m o t qua t r i n h Ijch s u Vi?t N a m , t h i sinh bie't the hi?n k i nang n h u lap bieu
bang, so do, so sanh...
Cau 6 (3 d i e m ) : Kie'n thuc ijch sir Viet N a m , thi sinh bie't phan ti'ch, danh

CO "danh" de thuc h i ^ n chi nguyen cuu nuoc, nam 1901 m i m bao dpng cuop thanh
Mghe A n n h u n g bi 16...
N a m 1902, ong bSt dau cupc hanh trinh t i m n g u o i cimg chi h u o n g : ra BSc, vao
N a m t i m dong c h i . . . , tie'p can t u tuong dan chii t u san qua tan van, tan thu...,

tu

tuong ciru nuoc cua ong b5t dau chuyen bien theo h u o n g m o i . . .

gia, nhan xet mpt sir k i f n hay m p t qua trinh Ijch sir V i ^ t N a m .
Cau 7 (3 diem): Kien thuc Ijch su the'giai, thi sinh bie't phan tich, danh gia, nh^n

N a m 1904, lap D u y tan hpi v o i mue ticu: "Danh Phap, khoi phue V i ^ t N a m ,

xet mpt sy ki?n ijch sir the'giai hoac kT nang n h u lap bieu bang, so do, so sanh...

lap chinh phii doe lap, ngoai ra chua co chu nghia gi khac", d u a C u o n g De, con

I V . M Q T SO V A N D E C A N L l / U Y K H I O N T A P T H I H Q C S I N H G I O I

chau hoang tpc lam m i n h ehii. 1905 -1909 thuc hien phong trao D o n g d u . . .

1. Bam sat kie'n thirc, kT nang trong c h u o n g t r i n h nang cao va noi d u n g

N h i r n g hoat dong do danh dau su chuyen bien trong t u t u o n g cua Phan Bpi

chuyen sau. T r o n g qua t r i n h on tap dua tren co so kien thirc ciia sach giao

Chau tir quan chu chuyen r/zt'sang quan chu lap hich: m u p n danh nghTa hoang tpc

khoa nang cao va kien thirc chuyen sau, can phai nam vCrng n h i r n g sir kien Ijch

de tap hop luc l u p n g .

sir C O ban nha't. C h ^ n g han, t r o n g giai doan Ijch sir tir n a m 1930 den nam 1945,

N a m 1911, each mang Tan H p i Trung Quoc thang Ipi, ong h u o n g ve T r u n g

cac em can tap t r u n g vao cac sir kien Ijch sir sau:

Quoc,1912 lap Viet N a m Quang phue hpi v o i mue dich " D a n h Phap, khoi phue

- Su thanh lap D a n g C p n g san Viet N a m ngay 3 - 2 -

Vi?t N a m , lap cpng hoa dan quoc"... Tir do, ong doan tuy^t v o i t u tuong quan

1930.

- Phong trao each m a n g 1930 - 1931 v o i d i n h cao la X6 viet N g h e - T i n h .

chii, chuyen tir quan ehii lap hien sang cpng hoa t u san, day la buoc tien quan

- Phong trao dan chii 1936 -

trpng trong qua trinh hoat dong cuii nuoc ciia Phan Bpi Chau.

1939.

- Phong trao giai p h o n g dan tpc 1939 -

1945.

N a m 1917, Cach mang thang M u o i Nga thSng Ipi den v o i ong n h u luong anh

T r o n g do, chii t r p n g den cac s u kien dien ra t r o n g n a m 1930 va n a m 1945.

sang m o i . Tuy chua tro thanh nguoi cpng san n h u n g ong co cam tinh v o i nuoc

2. Bam sat cau true de t h i de on tap.

Nga X6 viet, dat niem tin vao sir t h i n g Ipi ciia chii nghia cpng san, niem tin vao

Cau true de thi hpc sinh gioi quoc gia co 7 cau n h u da neu, t r o n g qua t r i n h

lanh ty N g u y e n A i Quoc.

on tap, cac e m can bam sat cau true do de cac em lam quen v o i cac dang cau

N a m 1925, k h i chua the thay doi dupe to chuc, p h u o n g phap dau tranh

h o i va t u xay d y n g dap an tra l a i , qua do ren luy#n nang l y c t u hpc, t u k i e m

thich h o p v o i s u chuyen bien m o i cua dat nuoc va thoi dai, ong bj Phap bat

tra danh gia ve v o n hieu bie't kien thirc Ijch sir eung n h u cac kT nang l a m bai va

giam long tai Hue'.

kT nang thue hanh.

Vi du, dcthi theo cau true cau 2: Neu nhiem vii va tinh chat cua Cach mang thang

Vi du, dcthi tlwo can true cau 1: Hay neu nhirng chui/en bien trong tu tucmg
mtac cua Phan Boi Chau dan theki

dm

XX.

V&i denay yen can hoc sinh phai trinh bay noi dung:
Dau the k i XX, phong trao giai phong dan tpc Viet N a m phat trien len mpt

Mmri Nga nam

1917.

V&i denay yeu cau hoc sinh phai trhih bay noi dung:
N u o c N g a t r u o c each mang la noi tap t r u n g cac mau thuan ciia chii nghTa
d e q u o c , la "nha t i i cua cac dan tpc".

buoc m o i theo k h u y n h h u o n g dan chii t u san, giai phong dan tpc gSn lien v o i giai

N h i ^ m v u each mang: lat do che'dp Nga H o a n g , giai p h o n g giai cap v 6 san,

phong xa hpi. Dai bieu cho k h u y n h h u o n g cun nuoe m o i la Phan bpi Chau, Phan

nhan dan lao d p n g Nga, d o n g thoi giai phong eac dan tpc thupc dja trong de

Chau T r i n h . . .
Phan Bpi Chau (1867 -1940), sinh ra trong gia d i n h co truyen thong nho hpc 6
N a m Dan - N g h ^ A n , dupe dao tao theo khuon mau Trung quan ai quoc, yeu nuoc
t h u o n g dan sau sac, som tham gia chong Phap...
Tir nam 1883 den 1901, ong h u o n g theo ngpn co Can vtfcmg chong Phap: viet
Hich binh Tdy (1883), lap d p i Si tu Can vu'ffng (1885), nam 1900 ong do giai nguyen.

quoc N g a .
D o i v o i nuoc Nga, do la m p t cupc each mang v6 san (lat do ach thong trj
ciia giai cap t u san va p h o n g kie'n, thiet lap nen chuyen chinh v6 san, d u a cong
nong len nam chinh quyen)
D o i v o i cac d a n tpc thupc dja trong d e q u o c Nga, do la m p t cupc each m g n g
giai p h o n g dan tpc.

. • i-


BSi dijOng HSG L/ch Sit 12 - Ths. Truang Ngpc Thai

Vai denay yeu cau hoc sinh phdi trinh bay hai noi dung:

Vi du, de thi theo cau true cau 4: Vi sao Dang Cong sdn Viet Nam ra doi ma ra
mot buae ngoqt vo eiing quan trong trong lich su dan toe Viet Nam?
Vai denay yeu cau hoc sinh phdi trinh bay hai noi dung:
Dang ra doi da vach ra duong loli chien luoc cho each mang. Duong 161 do

Mot la, s\f ra dai ciia Hpi Vi?t Nam Cach mang Thanh nien nam 1925 nhu sau:

la- Truoc lam each mang dan tpc dan chii roi sau tien thang len chii nghia xa

Vi du, de thi theo cau true cau 3: Hay trinh bay su thanh lap Hoi Viet Nam Cdch
mqng Thanh nien nam 1925. Hoi Viet Nam Cdch mang Thanh nien c6 vai tro nhu the
ndo dot v&i su ra dai cua Dang Cong sdn Viet Nam?

Sau khi ve den Quang Chau (Trung Quoc), Nguyen A i Quoc ma lop huah luy^n

hpi bo qua giai doan phat trien che dp t u ban chii nghla. Tie nay each mang

dao tao can bp. Phan Ion hoc vien la thanh nien, hoc sinh, tri thuc Viet Nam yeu

Vi?t Nam chain dut su khiing hoang ve duong 161 va c6 su lanh dao diing dan

nuac. Nguyen A i Quoc lua chon mot so thanh nien tich eye trong Tam tam xa de

d e d i den thang Ipi.

to chiic thanh nhom Cpng san Doan (2 -1925).
Thang 6 - 1925, Nguyen A i Quoc thanh lap Hpi Vi?t Nam Cach mang Thanh
nien nhSm to chuc va lanh dao quan chiing doan ket lai, kich li^t tranh dau de
danh do de quoc chii nghia Phap va tay sal, tu cini minh.
Thong qua Bao Thanh nien la ca quan ngon luan trung uong ciia Hoi do
Nguyen A i Quoc sang lap va pham Dumg Kdch menh duqc xuat ban nam 1927.
Boo Thanh nien va sach Difcmg Kdch menh da trang bj li luan each mang cho can
bp ciia Hpi Vif t Nam Cach mang Thanh nien de tuyen truyen chii nghla Mac Lenin cho giai cap cong nhan va cac tang lop nhan dan Vi^t Nam.
Hai la, vai tro ciia Hpi Vi?t Nam each mang Thanh nien doi voi su thanh lap
Dang Cpng san Viet Nam:
Sau khi tiep thu chii nghla Mac - Lenin thong qua cac bai giang ciia Nguyen
A i Quoc tai cac lop huah luy?n cho Hpi Viet Nam Cach mang Thanh nien,
nhung thanh vien ciia Hpi Ian lupt dupe cu ve nuac theo chii truang "v6 sdn
hod" ciia Hpi nam 1928, nhieu can bp ciia Hpi da di sau vao cac nha may, xi
nghi?p, don dien cung lao dpng va song vai cong nhan de tuyen truyen, van
dpng each mang va tuyen truyen chii nghla Mac - Lenin.
Trong nhung nam 1928 - 1929, chii nghia Mac - Lenin dupe truyen ba sau
rpng vao Vi?t Nam c6 tac dung thiic day phong trao cong nhan va phong trao
yeu nude phat trien manh me. Mot yeu cau cap thiet ciia lich su dat ra la phai
thanh lap chinh dang ciia giai cap v6 san de lanh dao phong trao.
Dap ung yeu cau do, a Vi^t Nam Ian lupt xuat hien ba to chuc cpng san vao
nam 1929. Nhung su hoat dpng rieng le ciia ba to chuc cpng san gay anh
huong khong tot den tien trinh each mang. Can phai hpp nhat cac to chuc cpng
san thanh mpt Dang duy nhat, do la Dang Cpng san Vi?t Nam.
N h u vay, Hpi Vi^t Nam Cach mang Thanh nien vua dong vai tro truyen ba
chii nghla Mac - Lenin vao Vi#t Nam, vua tao dieu kif n thiic day phong trao
cong nhan va phong trao yeu nuoc 6 Vi?t Nam phat trien. Do la ba yeu to can
thiet de di den thanh l$p Dang Cpng san Vi^t Nam (3 - 2- 1930).

Dang ra doi, xay dung dupe mpt lue lupng mai cho each mang ma chii yeu
la lien minh cong nong. Dang ra doi de ra hai khau hieu chien lupc la: "Dpc lap
dan tpc" va "Rupng dat dan eay". Hai khau hi^u nay dap ling dupe nguy^n
vpng ciia da so nhan dan, nhat la nong dan. Do do, loi cuon dupe dong dao
nong dan di theo each mang, xay dyng dupe khoi lien minh cong nong, tao ra
dupe mpt nhan to co ban nua, dam bao thSng Ipi cho each mang Vi?t Nam.
Dang ra dai vach ra dupe phuong phap each mang diing dSn. Do la dung
phuang phap dau tranh each mang hang bao luc ciia quan chiing theo quan
diem ehii nghla Mac - Lenin. Nho do ta biet xay dung va su dung hai luc
lupng chinh trj, vu trang de tien hanh khoi nghla.
Dang ra doi xay dung dupe ban dong minh mai. Dang ra doi lam cho each
m^ing Vi#t Nam tro thanh mpt bp phan khang khit ciia the gioi. Nha vay, tir do
den nay, ta da tranh thii dupe sy dong tinh va ling hp to Ion ciia cac lyc lupng
each mang the gioi, tao nen sue manh tong hpp de chien thSng mpi ke thu.
Vi nhi>ng le do. Dang Cpng san Viet Nam ra doi da ma ra mpt buoc ngoat
Ijch su vT dai cho each mang Vi^t Nam.
Vi du, dethi theo cau true can 5: So sdnh chien thang Viet Bac thu - dong 1947 vd
chien dich Bien giai thu - dong 195 dethd'y dugc buac tien cua ta trong khdng chien
chongPhdp.
Vai npi dung ciia cau hoi nay khong yeu cau hoc sinh trinh bay dien bien
ciia chien djch Vi?t B3c thu - dong nam 1947 va chien djch Bien gioi thu - d6ng
nam 1950, va tren co so npi dung ciia hai chien djch do phai so sanh de thay
dupe buoc tien ciia ta trong cupc khang chien ehong Phap. Cu the can l$p bang
so sanh nhu sau:
Tieu chi so sanh
1) Chii

dpng tan

cong djch
o

2) Quan djch bj loai
khoi vung chien

Chien dich Vi?t Bac

Chien djch Bien gioi

Ta danh bai ciia tan c6ng

- Ta chii dpng tien cong

len Vi^t BSc ciia djch

dich
- 8.300 djch 6 bien giai

6000 ten dich

Vi?t - Trung^


3) Q i a i p h o n g da't

Ta bao ve dugc V i f t Bac

dai
4) Y nghia quan trpng

- Bao

nha't ciia t h i n g Igi

cu

dau

dupe Vi§t Bac, can
nao

ciia

khang

chien
- Lam

Giai

phong

bien

gioi

Vi^t - T r u n g dai 750km

lanh dao nhan dan ta chien dau lau dai, ben bi, Ian l u p t d a n h bai t u n g am m u u

- K h a i t h o n g bien g i o i

ciia d i c h de tie'n len d a n h bai hoan toan cuoc chien tranh xam lupc ciia thye

Vi^t - T r u n g

dan Phap co sy g i i i p sue ciia MT.

- Gianh the'chii d p n g ve
pha san

am

muu

"danh nhanh, thSng nhanh"

k i n h te, c h i n h t r j , v a n hoa, quan sy. C i j n g n h o co d u o n g loi do ma D a n g ta

chien

lupc tren

chien

Sy lanh dao cua D a n g , d u n g dau la Chii tich H o C h i M i n h v o i d u o n g 161
each m a n g d u n g dan da g i i i p cho toan Dang, toan quan va toan dan ta doan
ke't m p t long, chien dau v i m y c tieu doe lap dan tpc va chii nghla xa h p i . Toan

truong chinh.

Dang, toan quan va toan dan ta chien dau v o i t i n h than "Tha hi sinh tat ca c h u

ciia djch.
N h u vay, so v o i chien djch Viet Bac t h u - d o n g n a m 1947, chien d i c h Bien

nha't d j n h k h 6 n g chju mat nuoc, nha't d j n h k h o n g chiu lam n6 \q". V o i t i n h

g i o i t h u - d o n g n a m 1950 the hien buoc tien ciia quan dan ta t r o n g cuoc khang

than ay, cupe chien dau d i i lau dai, d y a vao siic m i n h la c h i n h n h u n g ehiing ta

chien chong Phap d o la, tix cho djch chii d o n g tan cong ta, den cho ta chii d p n g

da gianh d u p e th^ng Ipi cuoi cung, bupc thye dan Phap phai e6ng nhan doc

tan cong djch. T u cho l a m pha san am m u u " d a n h nhanh, thang nhanh ciia

l^p chii quyen, t h o n g nha't va toan v^n lanh tho ciia ba nuoc D 6 n g D u o n g .
Vi du, dethi theo cau true cau 7: Phan tich chu triamg dieu chinh chien lirac each

d j c h " den cho ta da gianh the'chii d p n g tren chien t r u o n g chi'nh Bac Bp.
Vi du, dethi theo cm true cau 6: Tren ca aa trinh bay nguyen nhan thang lai

cm

cuoc khang chien chong thuc dan Phap xam luac, hay phan tich mot nguxjen nhan c6
tinh chat quyet dinh nha't.
Truvc het yen cau hoc sinh trinh bay ngan gon cdc ngiiyen nhan thang lai cua cuoc

khang chien chong Phap:
N h d lanh dao sang suot ciia Dang, d u n g dau la C h i i tjch H o C h i M i n h , v o l
d u o n g 161 k h a n g chien d i i n g d^n, sang tao. Toan dan, toan quan doan ket,
dGng cam t r o n g chien d a u , t r o n g lao d p n g san xua't.
N h o h$ t h o n g chinh quyen dan chii nhan dan t r o n g ca nuoc, c6 mat tran
dan tpc t h o n g nha't d u p e c i i n g co va m o rong, c6 lye l u p n g v u trang s o m d u p e

mang the giai ciia Quae teCong san tqi Dai hoi Ian thu VU (7 - 1935J. Nguyen nhan
dan tai chu truang do.
Vai denay yeu cau hoc sinh phai trinh bay noi dung:
Mot la, Chu truang dieu chinh chick luoc cdch mtnig thegiai:
Xae d i n h ke t h u n g u y hiem truoc mil ciia nhan dan the g i o i k h o n g phai la
chii nghla de'quoc noi chung, ma la ehii nghTa phat xit.
De ra n h i ^ m v u each m a n g the gioi la dau tranh chong ehii nghTa phat xit va
nguy CO chien tranh the'gioi d o ehii nghla phat xit gay ra.
C h i i t r u o n g thanh lap mat tran nhan dan o cae nuoc, n h a m tap h p p rpng rai
lye l u p n g dan ehii.

xay d u n g va k h o n g n g u n g Ion manh, co hau p h u o n g rong Idn, v u n g chSc ve

Hai la, N g u y e n nhan dan toi ehii t r u o n g do:

m p i mat.

D o sy xua't hien ciia chii nghla phat xit va n g u y co chien tranh the'gioi.

N h o tinh than doan ke't ciia nhan dan ba nude Dong D u o n g chong ke thu chung.

De giai quye't nhi>ng hau qua ciia cuoc k h i i n g hoang k i n h te'1929 - 1933, k h i

N h o CO s u d o n g t i n h , l i n g hp va g i i i p d o ciia T r u n g Quo'e, Lien Xo va eiia

ehii nghla phat xit tam thoi thang the o m p t so nuoc. Phong trao chong ehii

cae nuoc dan chii nhan dan khae, ciia nhan dan Phap va loai n g u o i tie'n bp.
Sau do yeu can hoc sinh phan tich mot nguyen nhan quyet dinh nhat:
T r o n g cae n g u y e n nhan neu tren t h i nguyen nhan ve s y lanh dao ciia Dang,
d u n g dau la C h i i tjch H o C h i M i n h la nguyen nhan quye't d j n h nha't.
T r o n g cupe khang chien chong thye dan Phap tro lai xam lupc nuoc ta,
D a n g ta va C h i i tjch H o C h i M i n h da de ra d u o n g loi k h a n g chien toan dan,
toan d i ^ n , lau dai va t u lye canh sinh. D u o n g loi d o d u p e ap d u n g t r o n g suot
tie'n tranh each m a n g t u nam 1946 den nam 1954. N h o co d u o n g l o i do. D a n g ta
da doan ke't d u p e m p t lye l u p n g each mang ciia d o n g dao quan c h i i n g de thye
hi^n cupe khang chien toan dan va da tie'n hanh khang chien tren cae mat tran

nghla phat xit phat trien nhieu n o i tren the'gioi.


PhAn 2:

L j C H SO VIET N A M H I E N D A I

C/iuy^n de I: VIET NAM TU NAM 1919 DEN NAM 1930

Ve giao t h o n g van tai: Phap tang c u o n g dau t u m o t h e m n h i e u t u y e n d u o n g
n h a m phuc v u dac luc cho v i f c chuyen cho nguyen vat li#u cung n h u l u u
thong hang hoa t r o n g n p i dja va v o i nuoc ngoai.

^

I . CONG CUOC K H A I T H A C THUOC D I A L A N T H l / H A I CUA T H l / C D A N PHAP

* Diem mm trong chucmg trinh khai thac thuoc dia Idn thii hai:

1. Th\rc d a n Phap t i e n h a n h k h a i thac V i ? t N a m ngay sau C h i e n t r a n h the

Tap t r u n g v o n nhieu nhat vao nong n g h i f p (chii yeu la d o n d i e n cao su) va

gioi t h u nhat

• Qua trinh khai thac Idn thu hai:
Sau Chien tranh the g i o i t h u nhat (1914 - 1918), de quoc Phap t u y la nude

khai thac m o (chu yeu la m o than).
' 'ill

Phap con dau t u v o n vao cong nghiep nhe va t h u o n g nghiep.

t h i n g tran, n h u n g lai bj chien tranh tan pha nang ne, k i n h te sa sut n g h i e m

Lap ngan hang D o n g D u o n g de nam quyen chi h u y k i n h te.

trpng. T h e m vao do, cuoc k h i i n g hoang k i n h te trong the g i o i t u ban chu nghla

Dat ra cac t h u t h u e ' m o i n h u : t h u e ' r u p u , t h u e ' m u o i , thue thuoc p h i e n . . .

cang gay k h o khan cho nen k i n h tePhap.

T u y vay, k i n h te V i f t N a m ve co ban van k h o n g c6 g i thay d o i , Phap he't sue

N h a m han gan vet t h u o n g chien tranh, b i j dap n h u n g thiet hai d o chien

han c h e p h a t trien cong nghiep, nhat la cong nghi?p nang, n h a m cpt chat k i n h

tranh gay ra, k h o i phuc va c i i n g co dja v j t r o n g t h e g i o d t u ban chii nghla de

te D o n g D u o n g 1$ thupc vao k i n h te Phap va bien D o n g D u o n g thanh thj

quoc Phap m o t mat tang c u o n g boc lot nhan dan t r o n g nuoc, mat khac day

t r u o n g dpc chie'm ciia Phap.

m a n h khai thac boc lot thuoc dia. Cuoc khai thac thupc dja Ian t h u hai ma t h y c

2. Tac d p n g ciia cupc k h a i thac t h u p c d i a I a n t h u h a i ciia t h y c d a n P h a p

dan Phap tien hanh 6 D o n g D u o n g la nam trong y d o do.

d o i v o i n e n k i n h te va xa h p i V i ? t N a m

De tien h a n h k h a i thac thupc dja Ian t h u hai 6 V i ^ t N a m , Phap tang c u o n g

* Vekinh te

dau t u v o n vao V i ^ t N a m v o i q u y m o va toe d p nhanh gap n h i e u Ian so v o i

Qua t r i n h khai thac thupc dja ciia Phap o Viet N a m l a m cho nen k i n h te'Vi^t

trudc chien t r a n h . C h i t r o n g v o n g 6 n a m (1924 - 1929) tong so v o n d a u t u vao

N a m C O s u chuyen bien theo h u o n g t u ban. C h i n h s u t h a m nhap ciia p h u a n g

V i ^ t N a m tang gap 6 Ian so v o i 20 nam truac chien tranh (1898 - 1918).
V o i so v o n do, Phap tap t r u n g khai thac cac ITnh v u c sau:
Ve n o n g nghiep: thuc dan Phap day manh vi?c c u o p da't, lap d o n dien, chu
yeu la d o n d i e n cao su. T i n h den nam 1930, di$n tich d o n dien d o chu n g u o i
Phap n a m gii> t o i 1,2 trieu hec ta da't dai, bang 1/4 tong d i f n tich da't canh tac 6
V i ^ t N a m . N h i e u C o n g t i Ian phuc v u cho vi^c khai thac c u n g Ian l u p t ra d a i :
C o n g t i Da't do, Cong t i M i so Lanh, Cong t i trong cay n h i ^ t d o i . . .
Ve cong nghiep: thuc dan Phap day manh khai thac m o (chii yeu la m o
than). N h i e u C o n g t i than m a i ra d o i : Cong t i than H a L o n g , D o n g D a n g , Cong
ti than D o n g Trieu...
N g o a i ra, t u ban Phap con m o them m p t so ca so cong nghiep k h o n g c6 kha
nang canh tranh v o i cong nghiep Phap, chu yeu la cong nghiep che'bien.
Ve t h u o n g nghiep: de n a m chat h o n thj t r u o n g V i ^ t N a m va D o n g D u o n g ,
Phap ban hanh dao luat d o n g t h u e n a n g hang ngoai nhap nhat la hang T r u n g
Quoc va N h a t Ban.

thuc san xuat t u ban chu nghla dan toi su tan ra dan cua nen k i n h t e ' t y nhien,
t y cap, t y tiic 6 nong thon. Nen kinh te'hang hoa, d o d o co dieu k i ^ n de phat trien.
T u y nhien, d o m u c d i c h ciia thuc dan Phap bien Viet N a m thanh thj t r u o n g
cung u n g n g u y e n vat l i ^ u va tieu t h u hang hoa, nen tac d y n g ciia p h u a n g thuc
san xuat t u ban chii nghla d u nhap vao cung chi han che.
M a t khac, Phap van tie'p tuc d u y t r i quan h# san xuat p h o n g kien 6 V i ^ t
N a m , tie'p tyc s u d y n g giai cap dja chii p h o n g kien. V i vay, V i ^ t N a m k h o n g
con la nuoc dpc lap va k h o n g the co nen k i n h te'dan tpc phat trien b i n h t h u o n g
len t u ban chii nghla, ma t r o thanh m p t nuoc thupc dja n i i a p h o n g kien. H a y
n o i t o m lai, nen k i n h te Viet N a m Iiic bay g i o la nen k i n h te dan xen ton tai
p h u o n g thuc san xuat t u ban chii nghla va p h u o n g thuc san xuat p h o n g kien.
Va suy cho cung, d o la nen k i n h te n o n g nghiep lac hau, que quat 1? thupc vao

nen k i n h te'Phap.

* Vexa hgi
D u d i tac d p n g ciia cupc k h a i thac thupc dja Ian t h u hai ciia t h y c dan Phap
l a m cho xa h p i V i ^ t N a m bj phan hoa sau sSc. Ben cgnh n h u n g giai cap cu van
con, g i o day da xuat hi§n cac giai cap m o i .


a. D o i v o i giai cap cu:
Giai cap liia chit phon^ kick: tiep tuc bj phan hoa va chia ra hai bo phan, m o i
bo phan c6 thai d o chinh t r i ldan toe.
Bo phan nho la dai dia chu, giau co ien n h o d u a vao Phap, chong iai each
m a n g , c h u n g t r o thanh dcTi t u g n g cua each mang.
Bo phan Idn la t r u n g n o n g va tieu dja chu, bi Phap chen cp, d u n g e h a m toi
quyen Igi, ncn it nhiou c6 tinh than chong d e q u o c , tham gia p h o n g trao yeu
nuoc k h i co d i c u kiOn.
Giai cap iwn^ dan: nuoc ta von d l la m o t nuoc nong nghicp, nen nong dan
chiem 90% dan M V . H o la nan nhan cua chinh saeh chiom doat r u o n g dat, chinh
sach suu thue, dja to, phu phcn, tap dich ducVi che'do p h o n g kieh. H o tie'p tuc
bj ban cung hoa va bj pha san trcn quy mo rong Ion.
D o bj ap buc, hoc lot nang no boi thue dan va p h o n g kieh nen n o n g dan Viet
N a m giau l o n g yeu nuoc, co tinh than chong d e q u o c va p h o n g kieh, la luc
l u g n g hang hai va d o n g dao nhat cua each mang.
b. D o i vcSi eae giai cap va tang lop m o i :
Giai Clip tir siiii: giai cap t u san Viet N a m ra d o i vao n h u n g nam dau sau k h i
Chien tranh the g i o i tint nhat ket thiie. Trong qua t r i n h phat frien, giai cap l u
san Viet N a m phan hoa thanh hai bg phan: M o t bg phan la tu san mai ban co
quyen Igi gdn v o i d e q u o c , nen cau ket chat che ve chinh Irj v o i chung. M o t bg
phan khac la tu san dan toe co k h u y n h hucVng k i n h doanh doc lap, phat trien

k i n h te dan toe, nen it nhieu co tinh than dan toe, dan chu chong d e q u o c va
phong kieh, n h u n g lap t r u o n g cua hg khong kien d i n h , de dang thoa hiep, eai
iuong khi dequoc manh.
TrtJiy l&p tic'ii tie siiii: ra d o i eimg Ihoi gian vcji giai cap t u san. Tang lop tieu
tir san eiing bi d e q u o c bae dai, k h i n h re, d o i song bap benh, g a p nhieu kho
khan, de bj x6 day vao eon d u o n g pha san va that nghiep. Tang l o p tieu t u san
nhay ben v()i tinh h i n h chinh t r j , co tinh than each mang, hang hai dau tranh va
la mgt luc l u g n g quan (rgng cua each mang dan toe, dan chu 6 nuoc ta.
Giai cap coii;^ iiliait: ra d o i trong euge khai thae thuge dia Ian t h u nha't va
ngay eang phat trien xe scYlugng va chat l u g n g trong euge khai thae thuge dja
Ian thiV hai cua thue dan Phap: tir 14 van (1914) Ien den 22 van (1929). Cong
nhan V i ^ t N a m c u n g chiu nhieu tang ap buc, boe lot nen cugc s o n g cua hg v 6
CLing khon kho.
N g o a i n h u n g dac d i e m cua giai cap cong nhan quoc te^ giai cap cong nhan
Viet N a m con eo n h u n g dac diem rieng:
n

Bi ap buc boe lot nang ne nhat, nen eo t i n h than each m a n g cao nhat.
Co quan he t u nhien gSn bo v o i giai cap n o n g dan.
Ke thua t r u y e n t h o n g yeu nuoc, anh h i m g bat khuat cua dan toe.
Dac biet, v u a Ion len, giai cap cong nhan Viet N a m da tie'p t h u ngay chu
nghla Mac - L e n i n , anh h u o n g Cach mang thang M u o i N g a va p h o n g trao each
mang t h e g i o i sau chien tranh.
Giai cap cong nhan Viet N a m v o i hoan canh ra d o i va phat trien, eiing v o i
n h i i n g dac d i e m cua m i n h , la giai cap yeu nuoc, each mang, eiing v o i giai cap
nong dan t r o thanh hai luc l u g n g chinh cua each mang, t r o n g d o giai cap cong
nhan Viet N a m nSm lay nggn eo lanh dao each m a n g giai p h o n g dan tgc va
giai p h o n g giai cap.
3. Thai dp chinh tri va kha nang each mang cua cac giai cap trong xa hpi V i ^ t
Nam sau chien tranh

M o i giai cap va tang l o p xa hgi co dja v j va quyen Igi khac nhau, nen co thai
do chinh t n khac nhau t r o n g euge dau tranh dan tgc va dau tranh giai cap.
Giai cap dja chu p h o n g kieh: m g t bg phan Ion cau ket v o i thue dan Phap de
h u o n g dac quyen, dac Igi, t r o thanh d o i t u g n g eiia each m a n g . Bg phan nho
(dja chii vua va nho) co tinh than yeu nuoc se tham gia p h o n g trao da'u tranh
chong Phap k h i co dieu kien.
Giai cap t u san: t u san mai ban, quyen Igi gSn lien v o i d e q u o c v i vay thai
dg chinh t r j cua hg la phan d g n g , la ke thii cua each m a n g ; con t u san dan tgc it
nhieu co t i n h than dan tgc, dan chu chong de quoc va p h o n g kien, n h u n g
k h o n g kien d i n h , de thoa hiep, eai l u o n g .
Tang l o p tieu t u san: eo t i n h than yeu nuoc, t i n h than chong de quoc, p h o n g
kieh cao, hang hai tham gia each mang va la l y c l u g n g q u a n t r g n g t r o n g each
mang dan tgc, dan chu 6 nuoc ta.
Giai cap n o n g d a n : la giai cap bj ap biic, boc lot n|ing ne nen h g giau l o n g
yeu nuoc, la luc l u g n g d o n g dao nhat cua each m a n g Vi?t N a m .
Giai cap cong nhan: la giai cap yeu nuoc, each m a n g , la life l u g n g lanh dao
each m a n g Viet N a m .
I I . P H O N G T R A O D A N T Q C D A N C H U 6 V I E T N A M T l / N A M 1919 D E N
NAM

1925

1. Tac dpng cua tinh hinh the giai va trong nuoc doi v6i each mang V i ? t Nam
trong n h u n g nam 1919

-1925

a. Tinh hinh the giai:
N a m 1917, each m a n g v 6 san Nga thanh cong, Ian dau tien t r o n g Ijch su
nhan loai, nhan d a n lao d g n g Nga lat d o hoan toan ach t h o n g t r j cua giai cap

BSidu&n^ H5G

L/ch Su 12 - The. Trirmi^ Nr^oc Thai

chuan b i luc l u o n g chong Phap. Thang 3 - 1909, Phan Boi Chau bj tryc xuat khdi

boc Ipt ( p h o n g k i e n va t u san) d u a cong nhan va n o n g dan len 4ia v j n a m

nude Nhat. Thang 6 -1912, ong thanh lap V i ^ t N a m Quang phyc hpi.

chi'nh q u y e n xay d u n g che'dg m o i - che'dp xa hgi chii nghla. D u o i anh h u o n g
cua Cach m a n g thang M u o i N g a , p h o n g trao giai p h o n g d a n tpc 6 cac nuoc

Phan Bpi Chau la n g u d i v u o n len lien tuc de dat m u c tieu giai p h d n g d a n

thupc dja va p h o n g trao cong nhan o cac nuoc de'quo'c phat trien m a n h me va

tpc n h u n g tat ca deu bj that bai. Sau thdi gian hoat d p n g d N h a t Ban va T r u n g

gan bo mat thiet v o i n h a u t r o n g cupc dau tranh chong chii nghia de quoc.

Quoc k h o n g t h a n h , Phan Bpi Chau bj b p n quan p h i ^ t T r u n g Quoc bat g i a m t u

T u n a m 1918 - 1923, d o hau qua cua Chien t r a n h the g i o i t h u nhat va tac

n a m 1913, d e n n a m 1917 m d i d u p e tha t u do.

d p n g ciia Cach m a n g thang M u o i , a cac nuoc t u ban cao trao each m a n g v 6 san

D u d i anh h u d n g ciia Cach m a n g t h a n g M u d i va s u ra d d i ciia n u d e N g a

b i i n g len m a n h me. Giai cap v 6 san buoc len v u dai c h i n h t r i , t u t r o n g cao trao

Xo viet da bat dau den v d i ong n h u m p t anh sang m d i . C a m t i n h v d i nude N g a

each m a n g cac d a n g cpng san dupe thanh lap 6 n h i e u n u o c n h u a Due, A o ,

Xo viet, cudi n a m 1920, Phan Bpi Chau djch ra c h i i H a n cudn Dieu tra chan

H u n g g a r i , Ba L a n , Phan Lan, Achentina. Su ra d a i ciia cac d a n g cpng san dat ra

tuong Nga La Tu ciia m p t tac gia N h a t Ban, viet Truyen Pham Hong Thdi, n g p i ca

yeu cau phai eo m o t to ehuc quoc te de tap h p p luc l u p n g va chii dao theo m p t

t i n h than yeu nude, h i sinh anh d u n g ciia n g u d i thanh nien hp Pham.

d u o n g 161 d u n g d i n . Thang 3 - 1919, Quoc t e C p n g san d u p e t h a n h lap ra sue

Thang 6 - 1925, t r o n g k h i chua the thay d d i d u p e to chuc, thay d d i p h u o n g

g i i i p d o p h o n g trao each m a n g v 6 san va p h o n g trao giai p h o n g d a n tpc tren

lupc dau t r a n h t h i c h h p p v d i bien chuyen m d i ciia dat nude va t h d i d a i t h i

the g i o i phat trien.

Phan Bpi Chau bj thuc dan Phap hit tai T h u p n g H a i ( T r u n g Quoc) d u a ve

Dae bi?t la s u thanh lap D a n g Cpng san Phap (1920) v o i nhOng d o n g gop

nude, b j ket an t u roi d u a ve an t r i d H u e . T u d d t r d d i , Phan Bpi Chau k h o n g

ciia N g u y e n A i Quoc tao ra n h i r n g t h u a n Ipi cho each m a n g Vi?t N a m

the tien theo n h j p song dau tranh m d i ciia dan tpc.

N a m 1921, D a n g C p n g san T r u n g Quoc thanh lap va p h o n g trao each m a n g

b. Su chuyen bien trong tu tuong cm nuoc cua Phan Bgi Chau

T r u n g Quoc phat trien t r o n g thap nien 20 tao d i e u k i ^ n t h u a n I p i cho nhOng

D a u the k i XX, p h o n g trao giai p h o n g dan tpc Viet N a m phat t r i e n len m p t

n g u o i V i ^ t N a m d u n g chan va gay d u n g p h o n g trao each m a n g t r o n g nuoc.

bude m d i theo k h u y n h h u d n g dan chii t u san, giai p h d n g d a n tpc gan lien v d i

NhCrng chuyen bien m o i ciia t i n h h i n h the g i o i c6 anh h u o n g I o n den s y

giai p h d n g xa h p i . D a i bieu cho k h u y n h h u d n g eiiu nude m d i la Phan Bpi

phat trien p h o n g trao giai p h o n g dan tpc Vi?t N a m .

Chau, Phan Chau T r i n h .

Cac trao l u u t u t u o n g tien bp ben ngoai d u p e t r u y e n ba vao V i f t N a m . C y

Phan Bpi Chau (1867 -1940), sinh ra t r o n g gia d i n h cd t r u y e n t h o n g n h o hpc

the, chu nghla Mae - L e n i n d u p e t r u y e n ba vao Vi?t N a m t h o n g qua tai l i f u ciia

d N a m D a n - N g h e A n , d u p e dao tao theo k h u d n m a u "Trung quan di quoc",

D a n g Cpng san Phap, D a n g Cpng san T r u n g Quoc, dae bi?t la hoat d p n g cua

yeu nude t h u o n g dan sau sac, sdm tham gia chong Phap...

N g u y e n Ai Quoc 6 nude ngoai. T u t u o n g dan chii t u san d u p e t r u y e n ba vao

T u n a m 1883 den 1901 ong h u d n g theo ngpn cd Can vuang chong Phap: viet

nuoc ta, nhat la t u t u o n g T a m dan ciia Ton T r u n g Son.

Hich binh Tdy (1883), lap d p i Si tie Can vuang (1885), n a m 1900, o n g d o giai

h. Tinh hinh trong nuac:

nguyen, cd "danh" de thuc h i ^ n chi n g u y ^ n c i i u nude, n a m 1901 m u u bao d p n g

D o c h u o n g t r i n h khai thac thupc dja lan t h u hai ciia thuc d a n Phap, xa h p i

cudp t h a n h N g h ^ A n n h u n g bj I p . . .

Viet N a m c6 s u p h a n hoa sau sac. Ben canh n h u n g giai cap cu van eon ton tai,

N a m 1902, o n g hk d a u cupc hanh t r i n h t i m n g u d i c i i n g chi h u d n g : ra Bae,

eae giai cap m o i ra d o i , p h a n hoa. N h i r n g giai cap m o i d o la co so vat chat de

vao N a m t i m d o n g c h i . . . , tiep can t u t u d n g dan chii t u san qua tan van, tan

tiep t h u t u t u o n g m o i vao nude ta ( t u t u o n g t u san va t u t u o n g v 6 san) cpng

thu..., t u t u d n g c u u nude ciia ong bat dau chuyen bien theo h u d n g m d i . . .

v d i su tac d p n g ciia each mang the gioi da lam cho phong trao yeu nude Vi?t N a m

N a m 1904, ong lap D u y tan hpi v d i muc tieu: " D a n h Phap, k h d i p h y c Vi?t

mang mau sac m d i ma n h i i n g phong trao yeu nude trude kia khong he cd dupe.

N a m , lap c h i n h p h i i dpe lap, ngoai ra chua cd ehii nghla g i khae", d u a C u d n g

2. M p t so hoat d p n g y e u n u o c t r o n g n h u n g n a m 1919 - 1925

a. Hoat dong cua Phan Boi Chau

De, con chau hoang tpc l a m m i n h chii. N a m 1905 - 1909 o n g thuc hi?n p h o n g

Phan Bpi Chau chii t r u o n g bao dpng v u trang danh d u o i Phap, xay d u n g m p t

trao D o n g d u .

che dp chinh trj m d i d Vi§t N a m . N a m 1904, Phan Bpi Chau thanh lap hpi D u y tan.
La n g u d i to chiic phong trao D o n g d u , dua thanh thieu nien sang N h a t hpc tap de

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Nhirng boat dpng do danh dau s u chuyen bien trong tu tuong ciia Phan Bpi
Chau tu qnCm chii clini/cn chO'sang

quan chii lap hien: m u a n danh nghla hoang

toe de tap hop luc lupng.
Nam 1911, each mang Tan Hoi Trung Quoc thang ipi, ong hudng ve Trung
Quoc...,1912 lap Vict Nam Qiiang phiic hoi voi myc dich "Danh Phap, khoi phuc
Viet Nam, lap cong hba dan quoc"... T u do ong doan tuy^t voi tu tuong quan chii,
chuyen tu quan clu'i lap hien sang cong hoa lit adn..., day la buoc tie'n quan trpng
trong qua trinh hoat dpng cuu nude cua Phan Bpi Chau.
Nam 1917, Cach mang thang Mudi Nga thSng Ipi den voi ong n h u luong
anh sang mdi. Tuy chua trd thanh ngudi cong san nhung ong c6 cam tinh voi
nude Nga X6 viet, dat niem tin vao s u thang Ipi ciia chii nghla cong san, niem
tin vao lanh tu Nguyen A i Qud'c.
N a m 1925, khi chua the thay ddi dupe to chuc, phuong phap dau tranh
thich hpp vdi s u chuyen bien mdi ciia dat nude va thdi dai, ong bj Phap bat
giam long tai Hue.

c. Hoat dong cua Phan Chau Trinh
Phan Chau Trinh la lanh tu ciia phong trao cai each dan chii. O n g chii
truong phe phan che'dp thupe dia, vua quan, ho hao cai each xa hpi; nang cao
dan tri, dan quyen, tie'n tdi cuu nude. Phan Chau Trinh da di kh^p tinh Quang
N a m va den cac tinh Trung Ki de van dpng cai each. Cupc van dpng duy tan
ciia Phan Chau Trinh dien ra dudi nhieii hinh thuc phong phii.
Phong trao Duy tan dang phat trien ngay cang sau rpng thi bj thuc dan
Phap dan ap di> dpi. nam 1908, Phan Chau Trinh bj an tu ba nam d Con Dao.
Nam 1911, thuc dan Phap dua ong sang Phap. Suot 14 nam song d trung tam
chau A u , Phan Chau Trinh van giu dudng Id'i cai each, keu gpi dan quyen, dan
sinh, dan khi.
Vao dau nam 1922, Phan Chau Trinh den Mae-xay. Nhan djp vua Khai
Djnh sang du cupc trien lam thupe dja khuye'eh truong cai gpi la "cong lao
khai hoa" ciia Phap, Phan Chau Trinh viet Thai die'u thw vaeh ra 7 tpi dang

chem ciia Khai Djnh. Phan Chau Trinh con to chuc dien thuyet len an che'dp
quan chii va quan truong d Viet Nam, tie'p tuc ho hao "Khai dan tri, chan dan
khi, hqu dan khi"...
Thang 6 - 1925, Phan Chau Trinh ve nirdc. Mac du sue khde da yeu ong van
tie'p tuc hoat dpng, da pha che'dp quan chii, de cao dan quyen. Nhieu tang Idp
nhan dan, nha't la thanh nien rat men mo va hudng ling hoat dpng ciia Phan
Chau Trinh.

d. Hoat dong cua tu san va tie'u tu san
Ngay tu khi mdi ra ddi, tu san Vi^t Nam da to chuc cupc tay chay tu san
Hoa Kieu (1919) d mot so tinh va thanh phd'nhu Sai Gdn, H a Npi, Hai Phong,
Nam D i n h . . . d H a Npi ed cupc van dpng ngudi Vi?t N a m chi mua hang cua
ngudi Vict Nam.
Nam 1923, dai chii va tu san Vi?t Nam dau tranh chong tu ban Phap dpc
quyen cang Sai Gdn, dpc quyen xua't cang liia gao Nam K i .
Ngoai ra, giai cap tu san da diing bao chi de benh vuc quyen Ipi cho minh
trong phong trao chdng dpc quyen.
Mpt so tu san va dia chii Idn d Nam K i (Bui Quang Chieu, Nguyen Phan
Long.) da tap hpp nhau lai thanh mpt to chuc cd ten la Dang Lap hien (1923).
C o quan ngon luan ciia Dang lap hien la to Dien dan Dong Duong va Tieng doi
An Nam. Khi dupe thuc dan Phap nhupng bp cho it quyen Ipi (chu cho tham
gia Hpi dong Quan hat N a m Ki), hp da thda hiep vdi chiing.
Sau chie'n tranh, cac tang Idp tie'u tu san tri thuc (gom sinh vien truong Cao
dSng H a Npi, hpe sinh va cac giao vien cac trudng, vien chuc, nha van, nha
bao..v..v..) sdi ndi dau tranh ddi quyen tu do dan chii.
Giiia nhCrng nam 20, cd nhieu thanh nien yeu nude sang Quang Chau (Trung
Quoc) tim dudng cuu nude. Nam 1923, hp thanh lap to chuc Tam tam xa.
Mpt so to chuc chinh trj nhu Viet Nam nghia doan. Hoi Phuc Vict, Dang Thanh
nien

ra ddi vdi nhieu hoat dpng phong phii sdi dpng (mit tinh, bieu tinh, bai

khoa

V..V..).

Nhieu to bao tie'n bp Ian lupt ra ddi. Bao tieng Phap ed cac to

Chuong re. An Nam Ire, Ngudi nha que; bao tieng Viet cd td Huu thanh, Tieng dan,
Dong Phap then bao, thuc nghiep dan bao....Hp lap ra nhijng nha xua't ban tien bp nhu
Nam dong thuxa (Ha Npi), Cuang hoc thuxa (Sai Gdn), Quan tai lung thu (Hue)...
Trong phong trao yeu nude dan chii cong khai hoi do ed mpt so s u kifn ndi
bat la cupc dau tranh ddi nha cam quyen Phap tha Phan Bpi Chau (1925), cac
cupc truy dieu, de tang Phan Chau Trinh (1926). Rieng d Sai Gdn, dam tang
Phan Chau Trinh da thu hiit khoang 14 van ngudi tham du.

e. Cac cuoc dau tranh ciia cong nhan
Nhirng nam dau sau chien tranh, cac cupc dau tranh ciia cong nhan tuy con
le te va tu phat nhung da ndi len y thuc giai cap dang phat trien nhanh chdng
lam CO sd cho eac td chuc va phong trao chinh trj cao hon ve sau. Ngay tu n5m
1920, cong nhan Sai G o n - C h p L d n da thanh lap cong hpi (bi mat) do Ton Due
Thang diing dau.
Cac cupc dau tranh ciia cong nhan va thiiy thii Phap tren eac tau Phap ghe
; nhu-jcacrupe^aii^tranh ciia
vao cang Hai Phong (1919) va S ^ ' f ^ f y ( | 9 ^ ^ j ^ ^ ? p * | f ^ ^

17


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cong nhan va thuy thvi Trung Quoc tai cac cang Ion Huang Cang, Ao Mon,
Thirgng Hai (1921) da gop phan c6 vu, dgng vien cong nhan Vi?t Nam hang
hai da'u tranh.

ba tu tuong yeu nuoc, tien bp, neu quan diem lap truong chinh trj ciia minh.
Trong cao trao yeu nuoc luc bay gio c6 ba su kien tieu bieu nhat: vu Pham
Hong Thai m u u sat toan quyen Mec-lanh, vu doi tha Phan Bpi Chau va vy de

doi chu t u ban nguoi Phap phai cho hp nghi ngay chu nhat c6 tra luong. Cung

tang Phan Chu Trinh.

nSm do con c6 cupc bai cong cua cong nhan cac nha may d^t, rugu, xay xat gao

Thang 6 - 1924, toan quyen Dong Duong la Mec-lanh sang Nhat va Trung

d Nam Djnh, Ha Npi, Hai Duong v.v...

Hoa, am muu ca'u ke't voi chinh quyen phan dpng hai nuoc nay de pha hogi

Thang 8 - 1925, thg may xuong Ba Son tai cang Sai Gon khong chju sua

each mang Viet Nam. Tarn Tam xa giao cho Pham Hong Thai nhi^m vu t r u

chiia chien ham Mi-so-le cua Phap truoc khi chien ham nay cha linh sang tham

khu ten thyc dan dau so. Cupc muu sat khong thanh, nhung hanh dpng ciia

gia dan ap phong trao da'u tranh each mang cua nhan dan va thuy thii Trung

Pham Hong Thai da gay tie'ng vang Ion 6 trong va ngoai nuoc, gio'ng nhu

Quoc. Cupc bai cong no ra voi yeu sach doi tang luong 20% va phai de cho

CUQC

. . ^ . . y . . ,

(Sai Gon), Nam Dong thie xa (Ha Npi)... Hp dung sach bao lam phuong ti?n truyen

Nam 1922, cong nhan va vien chuc cac so cong thuong cua t u nhan a Bac K i

nhijng cong nhan mat vi^c lam dugc tro lai lam vi^c.

/< I I II I I I I I

"canh chim bao hieu mua xuan" vua c6 tac dung c6 vu, vua thiic day phong

bai cong Ba Son

trao yeu nuoc.

thang Igi danh da'u buoc tien moi ciia phong trao cong nhan Vi^t Nam.

Phan Bpi Chau la nha yeu nuoc, hoat dpng each mang tu dau the'ki XX. Sau

4. Nhan dinh ve phong trao dau tranh trong n h i m g nam 1919 -1925

Chien tranh the'gioi thii nhat, Phan Bpi Chau tie'p tuc hoat dpng 6 Trung Quoc.

a. Phong trao giai cua cap tu sdn dan toe

Giua nam 1925, ong bj thuc dan Phap bat o Thupng Hai va bi mat dua ve nuoc

Doi mpt so' quyen Igi ve kinh te: giai cap t u san dan tgc nhan da lam Sn
thuan
muon vuon len gianh lay vj tri kha hon trong kinh te Vi?t Nam sau
chien tranh.

giam 6 Hoa L6 (Ha Npi) voi am muu sat hai eu. Nhan dan ea nuoc da'u tranh
bupc thyc dan Phap dua ey ra xet x i i cong khai, tha bong va giam long 6 Hue
cho den khi mat (1940).

Doi cac quyen t u do dan chu: cung voi hoat dpng kinh te^ giai cap t u san

Cung hoat dpng voi Phan Bpi Chau, dau the'ki XX c6 Phan Chau Trinh. Khi

dan tpc da dung bao chi de benh vuc quyen Igi ciia minh. Mpt so' t u san va dja

v v chong thue'o Nam Ki xay ra (1908) Phan Chau Trinh bj bat va bj day d i Con

chii Ion Nam K i dai bieu la Bui Quang Chieu, Nguyen Phan Long... dung ra to
chuc Dang Lap hieh de tap hgp luc lugng, roi dua ra mpt so khau hi^u: Doi t\ do,

Dao ba nam. Den ngay 24 - 3 - 1926, eu Phan Chau Trinh qua doi sau mpt thoi

dan chu de tranh thii su ung hp ciia quan chiing, lam ap luc doi voi Phap.

gian 6'm nang tai Sai Gon. 14 van nguoi da xuong dua cy ve noi an nghi cuo'i

cung. Sau dam tang, khap Bac Trung, Nam deu to ehiie le truy di^u.

Cac phong trao cua giai cap t u san dan tpc the hi^n rinh chat: da'u tranh theo

Nhin chung, Phong trao da'u tranh ciia giai cap tu san dan tpc tuy the hi^n

khuynh huong dan chii t u san, cac hoat dpng cua hp mang tinh chat cai luong,

long yeu nuoc nhung mang tinh chat thoa hifp, cai luong va ngay xa roi di

thoa hi^p.
b. Phong trao cua cac tang lap tie'u tu sdn

1

den cho doi lap voi quan chiing. Tie'ng noi va hoat dpng ciia tieu t u san manh

Cho'ng cuong quyen, ap buc, doi cac quyen t y do, dan chii.

me hon nhieu, ehiia dyng nhieu yeu to tien bp, dupe quan chiing ling hp, song

Cac tang lop tie'u t u san da the hif n long yeu nuoc cua minh bang nhieu

Cling khong the dua cupc da'u tranh den thang Ipi, do thie'u duong 161 chinh trj

each. Ngoai vi^c tham gia vao cac phong trao yeu nuoc, dan chu cong khai liic

diingdan.

bay gio, hp da tap hpp nhau lai trong nhirng to chuc yeu nuoc moi, tien hanh

c. Nhung mat tich cue va han checua phong trao

da'u tranh c6 to chuc.

- Phong trao cua giai cap tie sdn dan tpc:

Nhieu to chuc chi'nh trj yeu nuoc ciia tri thuc Nha van, Nha bao, Nha giao,
hpc sinh, sinh vien... da ra doi nhu; Tan Vi?t Thanh nien Doan (1923) V i f t Nam
Nghia Doan (1925) Hpi Phuc Vi^t (1925) Dang Thanh nien (1926)...
Cac to chuc da cho ra doi nhCrng to bao tien bp, nhu Chuong re. An Nam tre,
Nguai nha que... lap ra nhiing nha xua't ban tien bp, n h u Cuang hoc thu xa
i»

Ti'eh cue: giai cap t u san dan tpc Vi^t Nam da c6 co gang trong vi^e da'u
tranh chong su canh tranh, ehen ep ciia t u san nuoc ngoai.
Han che: cac hoat dpng ciia hp chi mang tinh chat cai luong, gioi han trong
khuon kho ciia che dp thye dan, phuc vu quyen Ipi ciia cac tang lop tren va
nhanh chong bj phong trao quan chiing vupt qua.

19


Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi^t

- Phong trao cua tang lap tieu tu sdn:

nhieu bien chuyen. Xa hoi Viet N a m h i n h thanh n h u n g giai cap va tang l o p

Tich cue: c6 t a c d u n g thuc tinh long yeu nuoc, truyen ba t u t u o n g t u do dan

chu t r o n g nhan dan, truyen ba n h u n g t u t u o n g each m a n g m o i .
H a n che: ho ehua to chuc thanh chinh dang nen dau tranh m a n g t i n h chat

m o i n h u t u san dan toe, tieu t u san, cong nhan. N h i e u sT p h u yeu nuoc 6 Vi?t
N a m cung c6 n h u n g chuyen bien ve t u t u o n g .

xoc n o i , a'u t n .
5, G i a i q u y e t van de dan tQC, dan chu t r o n g nhung nam 20 ciia the k i X X

Su tac d o n g ciia cac trao l u u t u t u o n g ben ngoai, tieu bieu la N h a t Ban va
T r u n g Quoc, lam cho each m a n g Viet N a m c6 n h u n g net m o i , khac truoc, do la

a. Hoan canh lich s u

p h o n g trao chuyen t u k h u y n h h u o n g p h o n g kien sang k h u y n h h u o n g dan chii

* Trong nucfc:

t u san.

N a m 1858, thuc dan Phap xam luge nuoc ta, van de giai p h o n g dan tgc

D o n g luc cua p h o n g trao: k h o n g chi c6 nong dan ma con eo cac luc l u g n g

dugc dat ra cho toan the dan toe. N h i e u cuoc dau tranh chong thuc dan Phap

m o i t h a m gia n h u t u san, tieu t u san, cong nhan, sT p h u yeu nuoc, b i n h l i n h

cuoi ciing bj that bai.

n g u o i Viet t r o n g quan doi Phap.

Den nam 1858, thuc dan Phap chinh thuc dat ach t h o n g trj d o ho nuoc ta,
van de dan toe lai t r o nen cap thie't. Luc nay cac p h o n g trao dau tranh giai
p h o n g dan toe do giai cap p h o n g kien lanh dao ma tieu bieu la p h o n g trao Can

H i n h thuc dau tranh: ben canh cac cuoc dau tranh via trang, con xua't hien
cac h i n h thuc dau tranh chinh t r j , ngoai giao, cai each xa h o i .
Q u y mo phong trao rong Ion, thu hut dugc nhieu tang lop nhan dan tham gia.

v u o n g cung bj that bai. N h i e m v u gii>a nuoc va giai p h o n g dan toe chua d u g c
giai quyet. Cho nen, m u o n cuu nuoc, m u o n giai p h o n g dan toe, k h o n g the lam
n h u cij, phai c6 con d u o n g c i i u nuoc m o i .
* The giai:
Su thanh cong cua cuoc cai each M i n h Trj 6 N h a t Ban n a m 1868 da c6 tac
d p n g m a n h me vao cac bac sT p h u yeu nuoc 6 Viet N a m .
Cuoc van d o n g D u y tan 6 T r u n g Quoc dau the k i XX da true tiep Ian t r u y e n
vao cac the he yeu nuoc Viet N a m .
h. Phuong huanggidi quyet van dedan toe trong nhung nutn 20 cuu the hi XX.*
Dai di?n la hai bac sT p h u yeu nuoc Phan Boi Chau va Phan Chau T r i n h .
Phan Boi Chau chii t r u o n g g i u o n g cao ngon c6 dan toe, truoc het phai tap
t r u n g cho van de giai p h o n g dan toe, sau do se lam nhiem v u dan chii. Bien
phap giai quyet van de dan toe cua Phan Boi Chau la d u a vao N h a t de danh
Phap, d o n g t h o i thuc h i f n cai each d u y tan theo g u o n g N h a t .
Phan Chau T r i n h t h i neu cao nhiem v u danh p h o n g kien, thuc hien dan
sinh, dan chu, sau do m o i danh Phap, giai p h o n g dan toe.
Phan Boi Chau xem van de dan toe la dieu kien de xay d u n g nen dan chii,
con Phan Chau T r i n h thi xem dan chii la tien de de thuc hien nhiem v u dan tgc.
Con d u o n g giai p h o n g dan toe ciia Phan Boi Chau va Phan Chau T r i n h cuoi
ciang cijng bj that bai, lam cho each mang Viet N a m " d u o n g n h u n a m t r o n g

d e m toi, k h o n g c6 d u o n g ra".
6. Dac d i e m cua p h o n g trao yeu nuoc dau the k i XX
Phong trao chju s u tac d g n g ciia cuoc khai thac thuoc dja Ian t h u nhat cua

M u c tieu dau tranh nh^m danh d u o i thuc dan Phap de gianh doc lap dan
tgc va thuc hien dan sinh, dan chu.
III. H O A T D Q N G YEU

Nl/6C C U A

N G U Y E N AI QUOC

1. Nguyen A i Quoc tu chu nghia yeu nuoc den voi chu nghla Mac - L e n i n ,
tim ra con duong cuu nuoc dung dan
N g u y e n A i Quoc sinh ra va Ion len trong m o t gia d i n h nha nho ngheo, yeu
nuoc, tren que h u o n g giau truyen thong each mang. L o n len t r o n g hoan canh
nuoc m a t nha tan, lai d u g c ehung kien cac cuoc dau tranh cua cac bac tien boi
bj tha't bai. Tat ca da h u n due trong long N g u y e n A i Quoc l o n g yeu nuoc non
nang va quyet tarn ra d i t i m d u o n g cuu nuoc, c u u dan.
Qua n h i e u n a m bon ba 6 hai ngoai de t i m d u o n g cuu nuoc, c u u dan. D a u
tien N g u o i den nuoc Phap roi d i cac nuoc A , Phi, M i L a t i n h . Den n a m

1917,

k h i Cach m a n g thang M u o i Nga thang Igi, N g u o i t u L u a n D o n ( A n h ) ve Pari
(Phap) de nghien cuu, hgc tap Cach m a n g thang M u o i N g a .
N g a y 18 - 6 - 1919, thay mat n h u n g n g u o i Viet N a m yeu nuoc tai Phap,
N g u o i giri den H o i nghj Vecxai Ban i/cn sdch cua nhan dan An Nam. Ban yeu
sach d o i C h i n h p h i i Phap va cac nuoc d o n g m i n h thua nhan cac quyen t u do,
dan chu va q u y e n b i n h dang ciia nhan dan A n N a m .

T h a n g 7 - 1920, N g u y e n A i Quoc dgc ban Sa thdo Ian Ihu nhat luan citang ve
van dedan toe thuoc dia cua V . I . Lenin dang tren bao Nhan dao ciia D a n g Xa hgi
Phap. L u a n c u o n g ciia Lenin da g i i i p N g u y e n Ai Quoc kh^ng d j n h m u o n cuu
nuoc va giai p h o n g dan tgc la phai d i theo con d u o n g each m a n g v d san.
Thang 12 - 1920, N g u y e n A i Quoc tham d u D a i hgi dai bieu toan quoc ciia

thuc dan Phap. Cupc khai thac nay lam cho co cau k i n h te^ xa hoi V i ^ t N a m eo

I

20

b a n g xa hoi Phap tai thanh pho Tua. N g u o i da d u n g ve phia da so dgi bieu bo


CtyTNHHMTVC>)r/H

3St duOn^ HSG L/ch Si} 12 - Tha. Truofig Ngpc Thai

phieu tan thanh gia nhap Quoc teCpng san va thanh lap Dang Cong san Phap.
Den day Nguyen Quoc Quoc da the hi^n hanh dpng cua minh la quye't tarn di
theo con duang each mang v6 san. Sau do, Nguyen Ai Quoc cang ti'ch cue ho^t
dpng va tie'p tuc hoc tap, nghien cuu If luan ve con duong each mang thuoe dja
de truyen ba vao Vi?t Nam.
* Nhan dinh ve con duong tim chan l i ciia Nguyen A i Quoc
Cac bac tien boi ma tieu bieu la Phan Boi Chau da chon con duong cihi

Khang

Vi^

Nguoi tham gia xay dung bao "Le Pa-ria" "Nguoi ciing kho" vao nam 1922.
Nguoi con vie't nhieu bai dang tren bdo "Nhan dao", "Doi song cong nhan".
Tieu bieu nhat la cuon Ban an chedo thuc dan Phap.
Nhirng sach bao do Nguoi viet, mpt mat to cao tpi ac ciia bpn de quoc, nhat
la de quoc Phap 6 Dong Duong; mat khae khich 1^ long yeu nuoc cho dong
bao, tuyen truyen chii nghla Mae - Lenin van dpng quan chiing da'u tranh.
* Thai ki a Lien Xo (1923 - 1924)

nuac do la di sang phuong Dong chii yeu la Nhat, vi a do da tung dien ra cupc

Giua 1923, Nguyen A i Quoc bi m|t roi Phap sang Lien X6 d u hpi nghj Quoc

cai each Minh Trj 1868 lam cho Nhat thoat khoi so phan mot nuoc thuoe dja; vi

te nong dan (10-1923). Sau do, Nguoi o Lien X6 mpt thoi gian ngan de hoat

Nhat da danh bai de quoc Nga trong cupe chien tranh Nga - Nhat (1904 -1905)

dpng trong Quoc te Cpng san, hpc tap them ve ly luan ciia chii nghla Mac -

va Nhat eon la nuoc "dong van dong chiing" vai V i f t Nam. Doi tupng ciia

Lenin va thuc tien ve Cach mang thang Muoi Nga.

Phan Bpi Chau gap go la nhung chinh khach Nhat de xin hp giiip Viet Nam

Trong thoi gian nay, Nguoi vie't nhieu bai dang tren bao " Su that" Co quan

danh Phap. Phuong phap ciia cu la van dong, to chue giai cap, cung cac tang

ngon luan ciia Dang Cpng san Lien X6, "Thu tin quoc te*' ca quan ngon luan

lop tren de huy dpng luc lupng da'u tranh bao dong.

ciia Quoc te Cpng san.

Con Nguyen Ai Quoc lua chpn huong di sang phuong Tay, noi dupe m?nh

Thang 7 -1924, Nguoi d u Dai hpi V ciia Quoc teCpng san va dpe tham luan

danh eo t u tuong t u do, binh dang bac ai, c6 khoa hoc ki thuat, eo nen van

tai Dai hpi, trinh bay quan diem ciia minh ve v i tri chien lupc eiia each mang

minh phat trien. Cach di ciia Nguyen A i Quoc la di vao tat ca cac giai cap, tang

thupc dja, moi quan h$ giiia phong trao cong nhan 6 cac nuoc de quoc voi

lop, di vao phong trao quan chiing giac ngp, doan ket hp dung len dau tranh

phong trao each mang d cac nuoc thupc dja, ve vai tro va sue mgnh to Ion ciia

gianh doe lap that su, bang sue manh ciia minh la chinh. Nguoi luon de cao

giai cap nong dan o cac nuoc thupc dja.

hpc tap, nghien ciiu li luan va kinh nghi^m each mang moi nhat ciia thoi dai de
tren eo so do bat gap chan l i Cach mang thang M u o i Nga. Day la con duong
cuu nuoc duy nhat diing dan doi voi dan toe ta, cCing nhu doi vol cac dan tpc

thupc dja va phu thupc khac, vi no phu hop voi su phat trien cua Ijeh su.
2. Hoat dpng ciia Nguyen A i Quoc ve vi^c chuan bi ve chinh tri, t u tuong va
to chuc cho s\ ra doi chinh dang v6 san o Vi?t Nam

NhCrng hoat dpng ciia Nguyen Ai Quoc trong thai gian nay chii yeu tren m|t
t r ^ tu tuong - chinh trj nham truyen ba chii nghla Mae - Lenin vao nuoc ta.

'•

* Thai ki d Trung Quoc (1924 - 1927)
Thang 11 - 1924, Nguyen Ai Quoc tu Lien X6 ve Quang Chau (Trung Quoc)
de tap hop nhCrng nguoi yeu nuoc o Vi^t Nam, truyen ba, giao due cho hp chii
nghla Mac - Lenin.

Sau khi tie'p nhan chii nghla Mac - Lenin, tim ra con duong ciru nuoc diing

Dau tien Nguoi tim hieu va cai to Tam Tarn xa thanh H p i Vi#t Nam Cach

dan, Nguyen A i Quoc tich cue hoat dpng nhSm truyen ba chii nghla Mac -

mang Thanh nien (6-1925). Nguoi sang lap bao "Thanh nien" (1925). Cung voi

Lenin vao trong nuoc. Qua trinh nay trai qua cac thai ki sau :

nhieu nha each mang cac nuoc, Nguoi tham gia sang lap " H p i lien hi?p cac

* Thai ki a Phap (1920 - 1923)
Nguyen A i Quoc tich cue hoat dpng trong phong trao cong nhan Phap,
tranh thii su ling hp ciia giai cap cong nhan Phap doi voi V i f t Nam.
Nguoi tham gia Hpi "Nhirng nguoi yeu nuoc tai Phap" van dpng kieu bao

ling hp da'u tranh giai phong dan tpc.
Nguoi cung mpt so nha yeu nuoc d cac thupc dja Phap, sang lap hpi "Lien
hi?p cac dan tpc thupc dja" (1921) de gay tinh doan ket giua each m^ng Vi?t
Nam voi each mang the gioi.

dan tpc bi ap biic 6 A Dong" de gay tinh doan ket giua each mang cac nuoc
trong khu vuc.
Tai Quang Chau (Trung Quoc), Nguoi da mo nhieu lop huan luy^n va da
dao tao dupe 75 can bp cho each mang Vi?t Nam. Nhung bai giang ciia Nguoi
sau nay tap hop lai trong cuon Dif&ng kdch menh dupe xuat ban 6 Trung Quoc
vao nam 1927.
Nhung hoat dpng ciia Nguyen Ai Quoc da eo tac dung quye't djnh trong
viee chuan bj ve chinh trj, t u tuong va to chue cho vi?c thanh l^p chinh dang
:^.„.cua giai cap v6 san a Vi^t Nam.


BSidLfdn^

H5G

Lich eCr 12 - The. TrLrong Ngpc

Cty TNHH MTV PWI

Thai

Khang Vift

3. Q u a trinh chuyen bien ciia Nguyen A i Quoc tir mpt chien si yeu nuoc tro

chong chii nghla thuc dan. Co quan ngon luan ciia H g i la bao N^itai cun^

kho

thanh mpt chien si cpng san

d o N g u o i lam chu n h i e m kiem chii biit. N g u o i con vie't nhieu bai cho cac bao

- TiV mot chiC'it s7 I/I'H nuvc:

Nhan dao (ciia D a n g C o n g san I'hap), dai son^ con^ nhan...

N g u y e n A i Quoc sinh ra va Ion len trong m o t gia d i n h nha nho ngheo, yeu

Ban an chedo thuc dan Phap. Cac sach bao ncSi tren dugc bi mat chuyen ve Viet N a m

nuoc, tren que Huong giau t r u y e n thong each mang. L o n len t r o n g hoan canh
nuoc mat nha tan, lai d u g c c h u n g kien cac cupc da'u tranh cua cac bac tien boi

va dac biet la cuon

da gop phan thiic day phong trao dan tgc trong nuoc phat trien manh me hon.
Tir n a m 1923 den 1924, N g u y e n A i Quoc hoat d g n g 6 Lien X6. Tai day,

bj that bai. Tat ca da h u n due trong long N g u y e n A i Quoc l o n g yeu nuoc nong

N g u t r i d u Hoi n<^hi Quoc te'Non^ dan (thang 10 - 1923) va duge bau vao Ban

nan va quye't tam ra d i t i m d u o n g cuu nuoc, c u u dan.

Chap hanh H g i . N g u o i 6 lai Lien X6, v i i a nghien c i i u , hgc tap, vie't bai cho bao

Qua nhieu n a m bon ba 6 hai ngoai de t i m d u o n g c u u nuoc, c u u dan. Dau
tien N g u o i den n u o c Phap roi d i cac nuoc A , Phi, MT L a t i n h . Den nam

1917,

Sif that ciia D a n g C o n g san Lien X6, tap chi Thw tin Quoc tecita Quoc te'Cgng
san. Tai Dai hgi Quoc te'Cgng san Ian thir V (1924), N g u y e n A i Quoc t r i n h bay

k h i Cach m a n g thang M u o i Nga thang Igi, N g u o i tir L u a n D o n ( A n h ) ve Pari

lap t r u o n g quan d i e m cua m i n h ve v j t r i chien luge ciia each m a n g cac n u o c

(Phap) de nghien c u u , hoc tap Cach mang thang M u o i N g a .

thuge dja, ve m o i quan he giua phong trao cong nhan 6 cac n u o c de'quoe v o i

Roi den ngay 18 - 6 - 1919, thay mat n h u n g n g u o i Viet N a m yeu nuoc tai

phong trao each m a n g 6 cac nuoc thuge dja.

Ban

Tir nam 1924 den 1925, N g u y e n A i Quoc hoat d g n g 6 Q u a n g Chau ( T r u n g

yeu sach d o i C h i n h p h u Phap va cac nuoc d o n g m i n h thira nhan cac quyen t u

Quoc) de true tiep dao tao can bg, xay d u n g to chiic each mang, t r u y e n ba l i

do, dan chu va q u y e n b i n h dang ciia nhan dan A n N a m .

luan each m a n g giai p h o n g dan tgc vao Viet N a m . Thang 6 - 1925, tai Q u a n g

Phap, N g u o i g u i den H o i nghi Vecxai Biiu yen sack cm nhan dan An Nam.

N h u vay, t u nam 1911 den dau 1920, la t h o i k i N g u y e n A i Quoc t r o thanh
chien sT yeu nuoc.
- Tra thanh mot chien si con^ san: qua t r i n h chuyen t u chien sT yeu n u o c tro

Chau ( T r u n g Quoc) N g u y e n A i Quoc n h o m hgp n h u n g thanh nien yeu nuoc
V i ^ t N a m t r o n g to ehiic Tam tam xa roi d i den thanh lap H g i V i ^ t N a m Cach
mang Thanh nien de truyen ba chii nghla Mac - Lenin ve t r o n g nuoc.

thanh chien sT cong d u g c danh da'u b ^ n g thoi k i N g u y e n A i Quoc den v o i chii

N h u vay, N g u y e n A i Quoc t i m ra con d u o n g ciiu nuoc d u n g dan, den cho

nghia Mac - L e n i n , t i m ra con d u o n g c i i u nuoc d u n g d i n , d o la con d u o n g

h u o n g dan nhan dan ta thuc hien con d u o n g each m a n g v 6 san theo quan

each m a n g v 6 san. N g u y e n A i Quoc quye't tam d u a each m a n g Viet N a m d i

diem ciia ehii nghia Mae - Lenin. D o chinh la

theo con d u o n g nay. Dieu do d u g c the hien:

thanh chien sT cong san.

Thang 7 n a m 1920, N g u y e n A i Quoc doc ban So thdo Ian thu nhat luan citang
vevan

dc dan toe thuoc dia ciia V . I . Lenin dang tren bao Nhan dqo ciia D a n g Xa

h g i Phap. L u a n c u o n g cua Lenin da g i u p N g u y e n A i Quoc khSng d j n h m u o n
c i i u nuoc va giai p h o n g dan toe la phai d i theo eon d u o n g each m a n g v6 san.
Thang 12 - 1920, N g u y e n A i Quoc tham dir Dai hgi dai bieu toan quoc ciia
D a n g Xa h g i Phap tai thanh p h o T u a . N g u o i da d u n g ve phia da so dai bieu bo
phieu tan thanh gia nhap Quoc te'Cgng san va thanh lap D a n g C o n g san Phap.
D e n day N g u y e n A i Quoc da the hien hanh d o n g ciia m i n h la quye't tam d i
theo eon d u o n g each m a n g v 6 san. Sau do, N g u y e n A i Quoc eang tich cue hoat
d g n g v a tiep tuc hgc tap, nghien c i i u l i luan ve con d u o n g each m a n g thuoc dja
de truyen ba vao Viet N a m .

thc7i ki

N g u y e n A i Quoc t r o

4. N h i r n g cong h i e n cua N g u y e n A i Quoc d o i v o i each m a n g V i ? t N a m t r o n g
t h a i gian tii 1911 den

1930.

Den v o i chu nghla Mac - L e n i n , t i m ra con d u o n g c i i u n u o c d u n g din

(ket

hgp dgc lap dan tgc v o i chii nghia xa hgi, gan each m a n g Viet N a m v o i each
mang thc'gioi).

C h u a n bi ve c h i n h trj t u t u o n g va to chue cho si^ thanh lap D a n g Cgng san
V i ^ t N a m ngay 3 -2 - 1930.
C h i i t r i H g i nghj h g p nhat ba to chiie cgng san de thanh lap D a n g Cgng
san Viet N a m .
Viet va t h o n g qua C u o n g l i n h trj dau tien ciia D a n g . Xac d j n h d u o n g 161
d u n g cho euge da'u tranh giai p h o n g dan tgc, d u o i su lanh dao ciia Dang.

Tir nam 1921 den nam 1923, N g u y e n A i Quoc tiep tuc hoat d g n g 6 Phap.

* Con^ hien to Ian nhat tron^; qua trinh hoat dou;^ cm N^^uyen Ai Quoc dcS la deh

N g u o i cung v o i m o t so n g u o i yeu nuoc ciia A n g i e r i , Maroe, T u y n i d i lap ra Hp;

v o i chii nghia Mac - Lenin, t i m ra con d u o n g eiru nuoc d i i n g dan - con d u o n g

Hen /ij'tT cac dan tgc thuoc dja 6 Pari de doan ket cac li,rc l u g n g each mane

, each m a n g v6 san.


BSi dLf&ng HSG

Ljch Su 12 - The. Tnrong Ngpc Thai

Cty TNHH MTV PWH

Sau m p t t h o i g i a n b o n ba 6 hai ngoai, N g u a i v u a khao sat thuc tien each
m a n g cac nuoc v u a d i t i m con d u o n g c u u n u o c cho dan t Q C V i ? t N a m . Den

thanh lap D a n g C o n g san Viet N a m .

I V . SV" C H U Y E N H O A

dan toe va thuoc dia. D e n day N g u o i da t i m ra con d u o n g c u u nuoc d u n g dan

T R O N G N H i ^ N G N A M C U O I T H E K Y X I X D A U T H E K i XX

d u a each m a n g Viet N a m d i theo con d u o n g nay. N g u o i k h a n g d j n h : " M u o n
cuu nude, m u o n giai p h o n g dan tpc, k h o n g c 6 con d u o n g nao khae eon d u o n g
each m a n g v 6 san".

i

C U A P H O N G T R A O YEU N l / O C 6

VIET

NAM

N a m 1858, t h u c dan Phap tan eong Da N3ng, m o d a u eupc x a m l u p c nuoc
ta, trieu d i n h nha N g u y e n to ra bat luc truoc su xam lupc ciia t h u c dan Phap,
nhung nhan dan ta van kien tri da'u tranh anh dung, cho'ng xam lupc. Nhieu sT phu
yeu nuoc da nhan thiic ro, m u o n bao v^ To quoc phai danh ca "Trieu Ian Tay".

T u viec t i m ra con d u o n g c u u n u o c d u n g dan va xac d j n h each m a n g Viet
N a m phai d i theo con d u o n g each m a n g v 6 san de roi N g u y e n A i Quoc tiep
tyc hoat d o n g t r u y e n ba eon d u o n g nay vao Vi?t N a m , tren co so do chuan bi
ve t u t u o n g c h i n h t n va to chuc cho s u thanh lap Dang, r o i tien den thanh lap
D a n g Cong san Viet N a m de lanh dao each m a n g Viet N a m d i d u n g q u y d^o
ciia eupc each m a n g v 6 san.

Cupe da'u t r a n h ciia nhan dan ta 6 n i i a cuoi the k i XIX, tieu bieu la p h o n g
trao Can v u o n g c h i i n g to rang: y thiie doe lap dan tpc t r o n g n h a n d a n la bat
di?t n h u n g cuoi c u n g bj that bai do che'dp p h o n g kien t r o nen loi t h o i . V i f e
ling hp m o t o n g vua, d u la ong vua yeu nuoc cung k h o n g the tap h p p dupe
dong dao quan ehiing nhan dan chong Phap.
Vao d a u the k i XX, sau k h i b i n h d j n h xong ve quan su, t h u c d a n Phap tien

N h u vay, vi^c t i m ra eon d u o n g each m a n g d u n g dan no eo tac d u n g quye't
d j n h d o i v o i thang \q'i eiia each m a n g V i ^ t N a m . C h i n h v i the^ day la eong hien
Ion nhat ciia N g u y e n A i Quoc d o i v o i dan toe V i ? t N a m t r o n g qua t r i n h hoat
d p n g c u u nuoc ciia m i n h .

Vi^

cac tang l o p nhan dan V i ^ t N a m , chuan bj kT ve t u t u o n g va to chiic cho vi#c

thang 7 - 1920, N g u y e n A i Quoc doc so thao L u a n c u a n g ciia Lenin ve van de
cho dan toe V i ^ t N a m , do la eon d u o n g each m a n g v 6 san. N g u o i quye't tarn

Khan^

,

6. N h u n g n p i d u n g co ban cua tac pham Dudttg kdch menh ciia Nguyen A i Quoc
Cach m a n g la s u nghiep cua quan c h i i n g g o m sT, nong, cong, t h u a n g trong
do eong - n o n g la goe each m a n g con hpc tro, nha b u o n nho, d i e n chii nho la
bau ban cua eong - nong.
Cach m a n g phai co d a n g theo chii nghla Mae - L e n i n lanh dao. D a n g co
vung m o i t h a n h eong, cQng n h u n g u o i cam lai co v i m g t h u y e n m o i chay.

hanh khai thae thupe dja n u o c ta, cupe khai thae nay da lam cho xa h p i V i ^ t
N a m C O n h i i n g bie'n d o i sau sac: ben canh cac giai cap cii n h u dja ehii p h o n g
kien va n o n g dan van eon, gio day da xua't hi^n cac giai cap va tang l o p m o i
n h u t u san dan tpc, tieu t u san va eong nhan. Su ehuyen bien sau sac ve k i n h
te^ xa hpi da tao nen mpt t i n h the m o i trong eupc da'u t r a n h giai p h o n g dan tpc.
Vi vay, each m a n g Viet N a m dau the'ki XX phai bao h a m hai n p i d u n g dan tpc
va dan c h i i , tiie la phai d a n h de'quoe, p h o n g kien tay sai de giai p h o n g d a n tpc,
giai p h o n g giai cap. Yeu eau ciia ljch su Viet N a m dau the k i XX bao h a m npi
d u n g sau sac h o n , bao t r u m hon cuoi the'ki XIX.
H o n nii'a, vao dau the'ki XX, cupe each m a n g t u san 6 cac nuoc p h u o n g Tay

Cach m a n g cua m o i nuoc la m o t bp phan cua each m a n g quoc te. Can phai

phat trien m a n h me dan d e n su h i n h thanh chii nghla t u ban, r o i chii nghla de

doan ket va t r a n h t h i i s u g i i i p d o ciia giai cap v 6 san va cac d a n toe bj ap bue

quoc. C u n g v o i s u phat t r i e n do, phong trao da'u tranh ciia giai cap cong nhan

tren the gioi, song truoe he't phai d u a vao sue m a n h cua c h i n h m i n h .

va nhan d a n cac n u o c thupe dja phat trien manh me.

Cach m a n g giai p h o n g dan toe la m p t bp phan ciia each m a n g t h a i d g i -

NhCrng dieu kien t r o n g nuoc va su tac d p n g ciia the g i o i lam xua't h i ^ n trao

each m a n g v 6 san. Cach m a n g dan tpc phai gan lien v o i giai p h o n g n h a n dan

liru m o i t r o n g vi^e xac d j n h con d u o n g ciiu nuoc khae con d u o n g p h o n g kien

lao dpng, giai p h o n g giai cap eong nhan. D o la s u nghiep to Ion, lau dai. C h i co

truoc do. N h i e u sT p h u yeu nuoc k h o n g eon g i u o n g cao ngpn co q u a n chii ma

giai p h o n g giai cap v 6 san m o i giai p h o n g d u p e dan tpc. Ca hai eupc each

h u o n g ve cai each d a n chii. T u y nhien, tren con d u o n g c u u n u o c nay c u n g xua't

m a n g nay la sy nghiep ciia chii nghla epng san va each m a n g the g i o i .

hi?n nhieu m a u sMc, k h u y n h h u o n g khae n h a u . Con d u o n g e i i u n u o c ciia Phan

Sach neu ro m p i n g u o i phai d o n g tam, h i f p luc, phai co to ehiic va p h u o n g
p h a p da'u t r a n h d i i n g de d a n h d o giai cap t h o n g t r i c h i i k h o n g phai la am sat
ca nhan.
Tac p h a m Ducmg kdch mcnh da v u trang l i l u a n each m a n g cho can bp ciia
H p i ^ i ( f t N a m Cach m^rig T h a n h nien t u y e n t r u y e n vao giai cap cong nhan va

Bpi Chau chii yeu lay p h u o n g thiic bao d p n g v u trang de gianh dpc lap.
Vi^c xac d j n h con d u o n g eiiu nuoc ciia Phan Bpi Chau co n h i e u d i e m m o i ,
Hen bp h o n con d u o n g c i i u nuoc phong kien truoe do. Phan nao p h u h p p v o i
yeu cau m o i ciia t h o i d ^ i . Song, con d u o n g eiiu nuoc eiia Phan Bpi C h a u cung


BdidiJ&ngHSGLjch

Sir 12-

Thf,. Tn/an^ Ngpc Thai

bpc Ip nhieu non yeu, nhirpc d i e m v i , tu t u o n g dan chu tir san den dau the k i
XX k h o n g con la t u t u o n g tien bo, khi he tu t u a n g v6 san da phat trien.
Con d u o n g c i i u n u o c ciia Phan Chau T r i n h chu yeu la d u a vao Phap de
thuc hien dan chu, thuc hien cai each. Con d u o n g cuu n u o c ciia Phan Chau

jChi chu nghTa Mac - L e n i n dupe truyen ba sau rpng vao Viet N a m , nhat la
tir nam 1928 t r o d i , lam cho p h o n g trao cong nhan va p h o n g trao yeu nuoc
phat trien m a n h me, yeu cau phai c6 chinh dang cua giai cap vo san lanh dao.
Dap u T i g y^'" '^^^ ' i * ^ ^

" ^'^^ ^ ^ " ^

^^^^

*° ^ ^ " ' ^ "^^^"S

n h u n g su hoat d p n g rieng le ciia ba to chiic cpng san gay anh h u o n g k h o n g tot

T r i n h k h o n g the thuc hien dupe trong che'dp thuoc dja nira p h o n g kien n h u

cten tien t r i n h each mang. V i vay, den dau nam 1930, tai H p i nghj h p p nhat ba

Vi?t N a m v i , bon thuc dan Phap phai d u y t r i , nuoi d u o n g bpn vua quan phong

to chuc cpng san t u ngay 6 -1 den ngay 7 - 2 -

kien de lam tay sai t r o n g vi^c dan ap, boc lot nhan dan ta.
N g o a i con d u o n g cuu nuoc cua Phan Bpi Chau va Phan Chau T r i n h con c6
cae cupe dau tranh co tinh chat t u phat cua nong dan va cac dan toe it n g u o i ,

tieu bieu la cuoc k h o i nghTa nong dan Yen The. Roi p h o n g trao dau tranh cua
giai cap t u san dan toe va cua tang lop tieu t u san...
N h i n c h u n g cac p h o n g trao yeu nuoc theo k h u y n h h u o n g p h o n g kien cung
n h u dan chu t u san da to ra bat luc, khong the d u a cupe dau tranh giai phong
dan toe, giai p h o n g giai cap den thang Ipi. Cupe k h u n g hoang ve con d u o n g
cuu n u o c ngay cang tram trpng, lam cho each mang Vi?t N a m " d u o n g n h u
nam trong d e m t o i , k h o n g c6 d u o n g ra". Do la su k h u n g hoang ve d u o n g loi
c h u k h o n g phai k h u n g hoang ve phong trao yeu nuoc, n h u n g do k h i i n g hoang
ve d u o n g loi nen p h o n g trao yeu nuoc theo do ma tha't bai.
T r u o c su k h u n g hoang ve con d u o n g cuu nuoc n h u vay, N g u y e n A i Quoc
quyet d j n h ra d i t i m d u o n g cuu nuoc, cuu dan. Truoc k h i buoc chan x u o n g tau
ngay 5 - 6 - 1 9 1 1 , N g u y e n A i Quoc da chuan bj cho m i n h nhCrng tien de t u
t u o n g xem xet cac con d u o n g ciiu nude de Kra chpn h u o n g d i va d i c h t o i cho
m i n h m o t each d u n g d5n.
Sau nhieu nam bon ba 6 hai ngoai, thang 7 - 1920, N g u y e n A i Quoc da t i m
den chii nghTa Mac - Lenin, t i m ra eon d u o n g cuu n u o c d u n g d<1n, d o la con
d u o n g each m a n g v 6 san. N g u o i khcing d i n h : " M u o n cuu nude, m u o n giai
p h o n g dan toe, k h o n g c6 con d u o n g nao khac, con d u o n g each m a n g v 6 san".
K h i da xac d j n h d u p e con d u o n g eiiu nuac d u n g dan, N g u y e n A i Quo'c ra sue
hoat d p n g de d u a vao Viet N a m n h ^ m lanh dao each m a n g V i f t N a m d i theo
eon d u o n g each m a n g v6 san.
Su lua chpn con d u o n g cuu nuoc cua N g u y e n A i Quoc da tao ra n h u n g tien
de, nhi>ng nhan to m o i d u a cupe dau tranh giai p h o n g dan tpc vao q u y dao
each m a n g v o san. De t r u y e n ba ehii nghTa Mae - Lenin vao V i f t N a m , d u a con
d u o n g each m a n g v o san vao nuoc ta, N g u y e n A i Quoc da thanh lap H p i Viet
N a m Cach m a n g Thanh nien, viet tac pham Dubn'g kdch menh. T h o n g qua H p i
Vi?t N a m Cach m a n g Thanh nien va Diimt;^ kdch menh, chu nghTa Mae - Lenin
Ian l u p t d u p e t r u y e n ba vao Viet N a m .

1930, D a n g C p n g san Vi?t N a m

ra d d i .
Dang C p n g san V i ^ t N a m ra d d i da lanh dao nhan dan ta dau tranh theo
con d u d n g each m a n g v6 san ma N g u y e n A i Quo'c da lua chpn.
Qua 15 nam dau tranh chong thuc dan, p h o n g kien nhan d a n ta da viet nen
trang s u ve vang cua Cach m a n g thang Tam nam 1945; trai qua 9 n a m khang
chie'n lau dai, ben b i , nhan dan ta da lam nen chien thang D i e n Bien Phii nam
1954, d a n h bai hoan toan chu nghTa thuc d a n eu tren da't n u d e ta; t r a i qua
21 nam k h a n g chie'n chd'ng MT xam lupc v d i dai thang Xuan nam 1975 da danh
cho "MT cut, nguy nhao", t h u non song ve mot m o i , d u a ca nude tien len xay
d y n g chu nghTa xa h p i .
T u k h i xac d j n h dupe eon d u d n g cuu nude d u n g dan. D a n g ta da lanh dao
nhan dan ta dau tranh theo con d u d n g each m a n g d d va da gianh dupe t h ^ n g
Ipi hoan toan.
N h u vay, qua t r i n h ehuyen hda t u p h o n g trao yeu nude theo k h u y n h h u d n g
phong kien, roi k h u y n h h u d n g dan chu t u san va eud'i cung la k h u y n h h u d n g
vo san la qua t r i n h dau tranh lau dai, gian k h d cua nhan dan ta. Day la qua
trinh ehuyen hda h p p q u y luat va xu h u d n g phat trien cua thdi dai nen c h u n g
ta da gianh thang I p i .
V. V A I T R O C U A N G U Y E N A I Q U O C T R O N G V I E C C H U Y E N L A P T R L f O N G
GIAI PHONG D A N T O C THEO HlJONG VO SAN V A TRONG

VIEC

C H U A N BI T H A N H LAP D A N G
a. Vai tro cua Nguyen Ai Quo'c trong viec ehuyen lap

trudng...

Nhi>ng n a m hai m u o i cua the k i XX, phong trao yeu nude d Viet N a m lam

vao t i n h trang k h u n g hoang d u d n g 16'i chinh trj va vai t r d lanh dao m o t each
sau sic.

Giua luc d d , N g u y e n A i Quoc - n g u o i cpng san Viet N a m dau tien

xuat hien va t r d thanh v j lanh t u d budc ngoat cua ljch sir, t u y e n ba eon d u d n g
Clhi

nude m d i de giai p h d n g dan tpc: con d u d n g each m a n g vo san.

Sau Cach m a n g thang M u d i Nga nam 1917, tren t h e g i d i da h i n h thanh hai
con d u d n g phat trien xa h p i : chu nghTa t u ban va chu nghTa xa h p i , t r o n g do
Van de dpc lap dan tpc gan lien v d i chu nghTa xa hpi dang dat ra cho cac nude
29


thuQC dja can phai giai quye't. T r o n g tinh h i n h do, m o i d a n tpc phai l y a chgn

C u o l n a m 1917, Cach m a n g thang M u o i N g a thanh cong, Chien t r a n h the

cho m i n h con d u a n g phat trien p h i i h o p v o i thoi dai va dieu k i ^ n lich sir rieng

g i a i thir nhat sap ket thiic, N g u y e n A i Quoc ban hoan chao d o n Cach m a n g

ciia m i n h . O Viet N a m , sir lua chon con d u o n g dien ra suot thap k i 20 cua the

thang M u o i N g a , mac dau luc do N g u o i chua hieu gi ve cupc each m a n g nay.

k i nay. D o la qua t r i n h kiem nghiem Hen tuc ciia thuc te'khach quan d o i v o i cac

Thang 6 - 1919, cac n u o c de quo'c thang tran hpp H p i n g b i Vecxai, nhan

xu h u o n g , dang phai chinh trj de t i m kiem m p t con d u o n g d u n g nha't. N g u y e n

danh la n g u o i A n N a m yeu nuoc, N g u y e n A i Quoc giri den H p i nghj ban yeu

A i Quoc bang thien tai va l i n h cam nhay ben c h i n h t r j ciia m i n h da nhan thuc

sach d o i cac q u y e n t u do d a n c h i i , b i n h dang va dan tpc tir quye't cho nhan dan

day d u xu the cua t h a i dai va yeu cau cua Hch sir dan tpc, v u a t qua tam nhirt

ta. Mac dau k h o n g d u p e b p n de'quoc, nhat la de'quoc Phap chap nhan n h i m g

cua nhi>ng n g u o i yeu nuoc d u a n g thoi ve van de dan tpc. Van de dan tpc

ban yeu sach da l a m chan d p n g the gioi va vang d p i ve nuoc tao ra buac

k h o n g chi c6 doc lap dan tpc, ma ca giai phong dan tpc va giai p h o n g giai cap

chuyen t r o n g p h o n g trao giai p h o n g dan tpc.

D o do, N g u o i k h o n g chpn kieu Cach mang MT (1776), cung k h o n g theo kieu

Thang 7 - 1920, N g u y e n A i Quoc dupe dpc so thao L u a n c u o n g ciia L e n i n

each m a n g dan chii t u san Phap (1789) ma chpn con d u a n g Cach m a n g thang

ve van de dan tpc va thupc dja dang tren bao Sir that. D e n day N g u y e n A i

M u o i N g a (1917) - each m a n g v6 san.

Quo'c da t i m ra con d u a n g each m a n g d u n g dan cho d a n tpc V i f t N a m , d o la

De thuc hien viec lira chpn con d u o n g each m a n g do, N g u y e n A i Quoc phai

con d u o n g each m a n g v 6 san. Roi thang 12 - 1920, N g u y e n A i Quoc t h a m d u

trai qua m p t cupc hanh t r i n h t i m d u o n g cuu nuoc day gian kho. N a m 1911,

Dgi h p i ciia D a n g Xa h p i Phap hpp 6 thanh pho Tua, bo p h i e u tan thanh Quoc

N g u o i quye't d i n h sang p h u o n g Tay t i m d u o n g cuu nuoc, day la moc quan

te Cong san va gia nhap D a n g Cpng san Phap. N h i r n g sir kien d o c h u n g to

trpng danh da'u s u lira chpn dau tien ciia N g u o i . T r o n g k h i n h i r n g n g u o i ciing

rang, den n a m 1920, N g u y e n A i Quoc ket thiic chan d u a n g t i m p h u o n g cuu

thai d i p h u o n g Dong, sang Nhat Ban, Trung Quoc thi Nguyen A i Quoc re loi khac,

nuoc, qua t r i n h lira chpn con d u o n g cuu nuoc d i i n g dan.

buac quye't d i n h nay la ket qua ciia qua trinh chuan bj ve nhan thuc t u tuang.

N h u vay, qua t r i n h t i m k i e m con d u a n g c i i u nuoc ciia N g u y e n A i Quo'c la

Con d u o n g sang p h u o n g Tay, v o i n h u n g boat d p n g thuc tien va l i luan

qua t r i n h hoc tap, khao sat, nghien cuu, k i e m n g h i e m l i l u a n va thuc tien day

p h o n g p h i i da tao ra n h u n g nhan to m o i dua N g u y e n A i Quoc tie'p can chan l i

gian kho, phiic tap. N g u y e n A i Quoc da ket hop dupe hai yeu to dan tpc va t h a i

ciia t h o i dai de c6 s u lira chpn con d u o n g c i i u nuoc d i i n g dan. Qua m u o i nam

d?i de chpn con d u o n g c u u nuoc thich hpp v a i sir phat trien ciia Ijch sir dan tpc.

boat d p n g (1911 - 1920) N g u y e n A i Quoc da den nhieu nuoc khac nhau tren

Do la con d u o n g each mang v6 san, con d u a n g theo chii nghla Mac - Lenin.

cac luc dja A , Phi, M i L a t i n h va t u bie'n m i n h thanh n g u o i v 6 san. T r o n g qua
t r i n h do, N g u y e n A i Quoc da riit ra dupe ket luan sau sac rang: a dau bpn de

b. Vai tro cua Nguyen Ai Quoc doi vai qua trinh van dong chuan hi thanh
lap Dang Cgng san Viet Nam

quoc va thuc dan cung tan bao, doc ac, 6 dau n g u o i lao d p n g cung bi ap biic,

Sau t h o i gian dai ra di t i m d u a n g c i i u nuoc, den n a m 1920, N g u y e n A i

boo Ipt nang ne. N h i r n g nhan thuc m o i me nay cang n u n g na'u suy nghT giai

Quoc da den v a i chii nghia Mac - L e n i n va t i m ra con d u a n g c u u nuoc d i i n g

p h o n g dan tpc va m o uoc q u y e n song ciia n h u n g n g u o i ciing kho ma N g u o i da

d^n cho each m a n g V i f t N a m , do la con d u o n g each m a n g v 6 san.

tran t r o t r u d c luc xua't d u o n g , cang thoi thuc N g u o i quye't tarn t i m con d u a n g
giai p h o n g dan tpc.
Giira n a m 1917, N g u y e n A i Quoc t r o lai nuoc Phap, N g u o i lao vao hogt

K h i t i m den chu nghia Mac - L e n i n , t i m ra con d u o n g c i i u n u o c d i i n g dan,
N g u y e n A i Quoc tie'p tyc boat d p n g de t r u y e n ba chu nghia Mac - L e n i n ve
Vi^t N a m . Qua t r i n h boat d p n g do la:

d p n g c h i n h trj va nghien cuu each mang t u san Phap. N h u n g v a i k i n h nghiem

N a m 1921, cung v o i m p t so n g u o i yeu nuoc ciia A n g i e r i , Maroc, T u y n i d i . . .

r u t ra tir quan sat va boat d p n g thuc tien, N g u y e n A i Quoc tha'y giai cap t u san

N g u y e n A i Quoc lap ra Hp; lien hiep cac dan tpc thupc dja 6 Pari de doan ket

k h o n g con la giai cap tien bp ciia thoi dai. D o do, N g u o i k h o n g d i theo Cach

cac l y c l u p n g each m a n g chong chii nghia thuc dan. Co quan ngon luan cua

m a n g MT, Cach m a n g Phap ma phai t i m con d u o n g each m a n g khac. Day la

H p i la bao Ngieai cung kho do N g u o i lam chu n h i ^ m k i e m chu b i i t . N g u o i con

quye't d j n h quan t r p n g t r o n g qua t r i n h lira chpn con d u o n g ciru nuoc ciia

Viet nhieu bai cho cac bao Nhan dqo (cua D a n g Cong san Phap), Dai song cong

N g u y e n A i Quoc.

nhan (cua T o n g L i e n doan Lao d p n g Phap)... va dac biet la cuon Ban an

•in

chedo
31


i^uy iivnn

thtiT dan Phdf). Cac sach bao noi tren dvtgc bi mat chuyen ve V i ^ t N a m da gop
phan thiic day p h o n g trao dan toe t r o n g nuoc phat trien m a n h me h o n .
Thang 6 - 1923, N g u y e n A i Quoc bi mat roi nuoc Phap sang Lien X6 d y Hoi
n^^lii Quoc tc'NCnt;^ dan (thang 10 - 1923) va dupe bau vao Ban Chap hanh H p i .
N g u o i a lai Lien X6, v u a nghien c i i u , hpc tap, vic't bai cho bao Su that ciia Dang
Cpng san L i e n X6, tap chi Thu tin Quoc tccua Quoc t e C p n g san. Tai D a i hpi
Quoc t e C p n g san Ian t h u V (1924), N g u y e n A i Quoc t r i n h bay lap t r u o n g quan
d i e m ciia m i n h ve vj t r i chien lupc ciia each m a n g cac nuoc thuoc dja, ve m o i
quan h^ giua p h o n g trao cong nhan 6 cac nuoc de quoc v o i p h o n g trao each
mang 6 cac nuoc thuoc dja.
Ngay 11 - 11 - 1924, N g u y e n A i Quoc den Quang Chau ( T r u n g Quoc) de
true tie'p dao tao can bp, xay d u n g to chuc each mang, t r u y e n ba l i luan each
m a n g giai p h o n g dan toe vao Viet N a m .
Thang 6 - 1925, tai Q u a n g Chau ( T r u n g Quoc) N g u y e n A i Quoc n h o m hpp
n h i r n g thanh nien yeu nucVc V i ^ t N a m trong to chiic T a m tam xa roi d i den
thanh lap H o i Viet N a m Cach mang Thanh nien de t r u y e n ba chii nghia Mac Lenin ve t r o n g nuoc.
N h O n g boat d p n g ciia N g u y e n A i Quoc t u nam 1920 den nam 1925 c6 tac
d u n g chuan bj ve t u t u o n g ehinh t r j va to chuc cho sy t h a n h l|p D a n g C p n g

san V i Q t N a m ( 3 - 2 - 1930).
C h i i nghia Mae - Lenin dupe truyen ba rpng rai vao V i ^ t N a m l a m cho
p h o n g trao cong nhan va p h o n g trao ycu nuoc phat trien m a n h me, d o i hoi
phai CO ehinh dang eua giai cap vo san lanh dao. Dap u n g yeu eau khach quan
Ijch s u do 6 Viet N a m Ian Urpt xuat hien ba to chuc cong san; D o n g D u o n g
C p n g san dang. A n N a m Cong san dang va D o n g D u o n g Cong san lien doan.
N h u n g su boat d p n g rieng re eua ba to ehiie cpng san gay anh h u o n g k h o n g
tot den tien t r i n h phat trien ciia each mang V i ^ t N a m .
T r u o e tinh h i n h do, N g u y e n A i Quoc lien roi khoi X i e m sang T r u n g Quoc
de t h o n g nha't cac to chuc cpng san.
V o i chuc trach la phai v i e n ciia Quoc te'Cpng san c6 q u y e n quyet d j n h m p i
v a n de lien q u a n t o i p h o n g trao each m a n g 6 D o n g D u o n g . N g u y e n A i Quoc
trieu tap dai bieu eiia D o n g D u o n g Cong san dang den Ciru L o n g de ban vi^e
thong nha't D a n g .
T u ngay 6 - 1 den 7 - 2 - 1930, H p i nghj h p p nha't D a n g hpp 6 C u u L o n g
( H u o n g Cang) d o N g u y e n A i Quoc chvi t r i . H p i nghj nha't t r i h p p nha't ba to
chuc cpng san thanh m p t d a n ^ d u y nha't lay ten la D a n g C p n g san^yi^t N a m .

V I . P H O N G T R A O D A N TQC

iviir

tii lyiiaiiif

D A N C H U 6 V l f T N A M TU" 1925 D E N

N A M 1930
1. Sv

va boat dpng cua cac to chuc H p i V i f t N a m Cach mang T h a n h

nien. T a n V i f t each mang dang va V i ? t N a m Quoc dan dang.
a) Hqi Vi^t Nam Cach mang Thanh nien
Sau k h i ve den Q u a n g Chau ( T r u n g Quoc), N g u y e n A i Quoc m o l o p h u a n
l u y e n dao t^io can bp. Phan Ion hpc v i e n la thanh nien, hpc sinh, t r i thuc Vi?t
N a m yeu nuoc. N g u y e n A i Quoc l u a chpn m p t so t h a n h n i e n t i c h eye t r o n g
T a m tam xa de to chuc thanh n h o m C p n g san D o a n (2 -1925).
T h a n g 6 -1925, N g u y e n A i Quoc thanh lap H p i V i f t N a m Cach m a n g T h a n h
nien n h a m to chuc va lanh dao quan c h i i n g doan ket lai, kich liet tranh da'u de
danh d o d e q u o c chii nghia Phap va tay sai de t u c u u m i n h .
T h o n g qua Bao Thanh nien la co quan n g o n l u a n t r u n g u o n g ciia H p i d o
N g u y e n A i Quoc sang lap va p h a m Duong Kdch menh d u p e xuat ban n a m 1927.
Bao Thanh nien va sach Duong Kdch menh da trang b j l i l u a n each m a n g cho
can b p ciia H p i V i f t N a m Cach m a n g T h a n h nien de t u y e n t r u y e n giai cap cong
nhan va cac tang l o p n h a n dan Vi?t N a m .
Tir cuoi n a m

1928, sau k h i c6 chii t r u o n g " v 6 san hoa", n h i e u can b p ciia

H p i da d i sau vao cac nha may, xi n g h i f p, d o n dien c i i n g lao d p n g va song v o i
cong n h a n de t u y e n t r u y e n va v a n d p n g each m a n g . Phong trao q u a n c h i i n g
phat t r i e n m a n h m e .
b) Dang Tan Vi^t
N g a y 14 - 7 - 1925, m p t so t i i ehinh t r i cu 6 T r u n g K i c u n g m p t n h o m sinh
vien T r u o n g Cao d i n g 6 H a N p i lap ra H p i Phuc Vi?t (1925) sau d o d o i t h a n h
Hpi Hung Nam.
T h a n g 7 - 1926, H p i d o i ten t h a n h V i ^ t N a m each m a n g d a n g va d e n t h a n g
7 -1927, lai d o i ten la V i ^ t N a m each m a n g d o n g chi h p i . H p i da nhieu Ian ban
de h p p nha't v o i H p i V i f t N a m Cach m a n g T h a n h nien song k h o n g thanh.
D e n 14 - 7 - 1928, H p i h p p D a i h p i t ^ i Hue^ quyet d j n h d o i ten t h a n h D a n g

Tan V i f t.
D a n g Tan Viet chii t r u o n g lanh dao quan c h i i n g 6 t r o n g nuoc va lien lac v o i
cac d a n tpc b j ap buc tren t h e ' g i o i de d a n h d o dequo'c c h i i nghia n h a m thiet
lap m p t xa h p i b i n h dSng va bac ai. D a n g tap h p p n h i i n g t r i thuc nho va thanh
nien tieu t u san yeu nuoc. D j a ban hoat d p n g chii yeu 6 T r u n g K i .
D a n g Tan Vi?t ra d o i va hoat d p n g t r o n g dieu k i f n H p i Vi?t N a m Cach
m a n g T h a n h nien phat trien m a n h nen tu t u o n g each m ^ n g ciia N g u y e n A i

32

,

3,^

j


Cong nhan, tri thiic,

Mai, Ton Quang
Phi?t
Nhieu tang lop

Nguyen Khac Nhu,
Pho Due Chinh
Tu san, tieu tu san,

thanh nien yeu nuoc.

gom tieu tu san,

dja ehu, cong chuc,

hoc

binh

Quoc va duong 161 cua Hpi c6 anh huang cuon hiit nhieu dang vien tre, tien
tien aia Dang Tan Vi§t.
Mpt so' dang vien tien tien da chuyen sang Hpi Vi?t Nam Cach mang Thanh
nien. So dang vien tien tien con lai thi tich cue chuan bi de tien tai thanh lap
mpt chinh dang theo tu tuong each m^ng ciia Nguyen Ai Quoc, cua hpc thuyet
Mac - Lenin.
i

c) Vift Nam Quoc dan dang

Lyc lupng

Nhiem vu

Vi?t Nam Quoc dan dang duQ^c thanh lap ngay 25 -12 -1927. Hat nhan dau
tien ciia Dang la Nam dong thu xa, mpt nha xuat ban tien bp do Ph^m Tuah
Tai lap ra dau nam 1927.
Vi^t Nam Quoc dan dang do Nguyen Thai Hpc, Pho Due Chinh... sang lap
la mpt chinh dang theo khuynh hudng each m^ing dan chii tu san, dai bleu cho
tu san dan tpc Vi^t Nam.
Liic moi thanh lap. Dang chua c6 myc dich ton chi ro r|t ma chi neu chung
chung la: "Truoc lam dan tpc each mang, sau lam the gioi each mang".

Ban chuong trinh hanh dpng ctia Dang cong bo nam 1929 da neu nguyen
tac ciia Dang la: "Tu do - Binh dang - Bdc ai".
Chuong trinh boat dpng cua Dang chia thanh 4 thoi ki euol cung la bat hpp tac
v6i Chinh phii Phap va trieu dinh nha Nguyen, c6 dpng bai cong, danh duoi
gi$c Phap, danh do ngoi vua, thie't lap dan quyen.
Vift Nam Quoc dan dang chu truong tien hanh "each mang bang sat va
mau", chu trpng lay lye lupng chii luc.
To chuc CO so cua Dang trong quan chiing rat it. Dja ban hoat dpng cua Dang
chi bo h§p trong mpt so'dja phuong 6 Bac Ki con 6 Trung Ki khong dang ke.
* So sanh ba to chuc yeu nuoc each mang: Hpi Vi?t Nam Cach m^ng
Dang Tan Vi?t

mang Thanh nien
hoat dpng

denthang7-1929

Vift

Nam

quoc

dan dang
Tu thang 7 - 1927

Tir thang 12 - 1927

den

den dau 1930

cuoi

nam

1929
Lanh d^o

Nguyen Ai Quo'c

vien.

Vi?t...

Truyen ba chu nghia

Danh duoi thye

Danh duoi de quoc,

Mac - Lenin, dao tao

dan Phap nhung

xoa bo ngoi vua,

can bp lam each mang.

chua

thie't lap dan quyen.

CO duong

loi ro ret.
Xu huong

Lam each mang dan

Phan

hoa

chii, lam each mang

hai huang.

theo

v6 san.

Di theo con duong
tu an nhung bj be
tac, tan ra.

* Cac dieu ki#n dan toi vi?c thanh l?p Vi?t Nam Quoc dan dang va nhung non

vao Vi^t Nam, tieu bieu la anh huong chii nghia Tam dan eiia Ton Trung Son.

- Giiip do cac dan tpc bj ap buc

1925

nguai

Sau Chien tranh the gioi thu nha't, tu tuong each mang tu san tiep tyc dpi

- Xay dyng nen dan chu true tiep

Tu thang 6 -

linh

- Dim kien thanh lap:

- Day manh each mang dan tpc

Thoi gian

sinh

yeu aia to chuc do ve chinh trj, tu tirong, to chuc va phuong thuc ho^t dpng.

Ve sau, myc dich ciia Dang la doan ket lye lupng de:

Hpi Vi?t Nam Cach

sinh,

Tang lop tri thue

Nguyin Thai hpc,

tu san: Dgng Thai

Pham

Anh huong cua chuong trinh khai thac thupc dja Ian thii hai, giai cap tu san
ra doi va ngay cang phat trien.
Phong trao yeu nuoc theo khuynh huong dan ehii tu san nhung nam 1919 1925 phat trien manh me.
- Nhieng non yeu:

'

Ve chinh tri, tu tuong quoc: Lay chii nghia Tam dan ciia Ton Trung Son, mpt
trao luu dan chii tu san thjnh hanh 6 Trung Quoc lam nen tang chinh trj, tu tuong;
nhung nhiing nguyen tac, chinh sach eo tinh each mang da bj Ipai bo (Khau hi^u
Binh quan dja quyen, chinh sach Lien Nga, lien Cpng phu trp cong nong).
Ton chi, myc dich: Con chung chung, khong ro rang (nhSm danh duoi giSc
Phap, danh do ngoi vua, sau cung thie't lap dan quyen).
Ve to chuc:
Day la dang each mang theo khuynh huong dan chii tu san, tieu bieu cho
bp phan tu san dan tpc do Nguyen Thai Hpc, Pham Tuan Tai, Nguyen Kh^c
Nhu va Pho Due Chinh sang l^p, chii truong xay dyng thanh 4 cap tir trung
uong: Tong bp, Ki bp, Tinh bp den Chi bp eo so nhung chua bao gi6 tr6 thanh
h? tho'ng trong ca nuoc.

Tuan Tai,
35

Cty

Thanh p h a n d a n g v i e n t r o n g V i f t N a m quo'c dan d a n g p h u c tap, ke't nap
hoc sinh, sinh vien, cong chuc, t u san dan tpc, p h t i nong, than hao dia chu va
ca m o t so b i n h h'nh n g u o i Viet t r o n g quan d p i Phap.
La m p t d a n g hoat d p n g b i mat n h u n g to chuc l o n g leo, k i luat thieu n g h i e m
m i n h , ke't nap d a n g v i e n bua bai, t h y c dan Phap Ipi d u n g so h o nay d u a tay
chan vao dang, theo d o i n a m bat m p i hoat d o n g cua d a n g va cha d j p ra tay
dan ap.
P h u o n g t h i i c hoat d o n g : C h u t r u o n g bao d o n g v u trang, i t c h i i y den tuyen
t r u y e n van d p n g q u a n c h i i n g . K h o n g c6 co quan ngon l u a n hoac tai l i ^ u v a n
kien chinh t h u c de giai thich ton chi, muc dich. K h o n g c6 l i l u a n l a m co so cho
d u o n g l o i va p h u o n g phap da'u tranh nen hoat d g n g thien ve q u a n sy, nang ve
am sat ca nhan.
* N g u y e n n h a n c h u n g dan den qua t r i n h c h u y e n hoa ciia H p i V i ^ t N a m
Cach m a n g T h a n h n i e n , s u p h a n hoa cua T a n V i # t , s y that b a i cua V i ^ t N a m
Q u o c dan d a n g .
T u nua sau n h i i n g nam 20 cua the k i XX 6 Vi^t N a m dien ra mot thuc te'ljch su:
Q u a t r i n h t r u y e n ba chu nghla Mac - L e n i n va n h i i n g q u a n d i e m cua
N g u y e n A i Quoc ve d u a n g 161 each m a n g tren lap t r u o n g v 6 san a V i ^ t N a m
d o H o i V i ^ t N a m Cach m a n g T h a n h nien tie'n hanh. N h u n g c h i n h s u phat trien
d o lai vug-t qua tam lanh dao cua H g i . De dap u n g yeu cau t h u c tien each
m a n g V i ^ t N a m liic nay, H p i Vi?t N a m Cach m a n g T h a n h nien da chuyen hoa
thanh hai to chuc C o n g san: D o n g D u o n g Cong san d a n g (6 -1929) va A n N a m
Cpng san d a n g (8 -1929).
C u n g chju anh h u o n g ngay cang sau sac ciia con d u o n g each m a n g v 6 san,
nen Tan Viet each m a n g d a n g c i i n g co su phan hoa: M o t bp p h a n tien tie'n ciia

cau co ban cua dan tpc va ciia nhan dan V i ^ t N a m . V i vay, con d u o n g each
mang v 6 san, cac to chuc each m a n g tren lap t r u o n g v 6 san d u p e quan c h i i n g
nhan dan hau t h u a n ngay cang chiem u u the'va da g i u vai tro chii dao t r o n g
p h o n g trao each m a n g Vi?t N a m .
2. P h o n g trao d a u t r a n h ciia g i a i cap cong n h a n t r o n g n h i i n g n a m 1925 - 1929.
E)|c d i e m va y n g h i a ciia no d o i v o i vi^c t h a n h l a p D a n g C p n g san V i ^ t N a m

*Dien bien:

C u o i n a m 1928, sau k h i co chii t r u o n g "v6 san hod", nhieu can bp H p i V i ^ t
N a m Cach m a n g T h a n h nien d i vao cae nha may, h a m mo, d o n dien, c i i n g sinh
hoat va lao d o n g v o i cong nhan de tuyen t r u y e n v a n d p n g each mang, nang
cao y t h u c c h i n h t r j eho giai cap cong nhan. Phong trao cong nhan phat trien
mgnh, t r o thanh n o n g cot ciia phong trao dan tpc t r o n g ca nuoc.
T r o n g hai n a m 1928 - 1929 da eo toi 40 eupc da'u tranh ciia cong n h a n no ra
t^i cae t r u n g tam k i n h t e - c h i n h t r j . D o la bai cong ciia cong n h a n m o than M a o
Khe, nha m a y nuoc L a - r u y Sai Gon, d o n dien Lpe N i n h , nha m a y cua Ben
T h i i y , nha m a y xi m a n g H a i Phong, nha may in Pooc-tay Sai Gon, d o n dien cao
su Cam T i e m , hang dau N h a Be, nha may to N a m D j n h v . v .
Cae eupe bai cong do khong chi giai han trong mot pham v i mot xuong, mot dia
phuong, mpt nganh ma da bat dau co su lien ke't thanh phong trao chung.
C u n g v o i cac eupc bai cong ciia cong nhan, cac eupe da'u t r a n h ciia n o n g
dan, tieu t h u o n g , tieu chii, hoc sinh c i i n g da dien ra a m p t so n o i .
Phong trao no ra lien tue, r p n g khap.

CO ban, k h o n g d u p e quan c h u n g l i n g hp. D o la nguyen nhan dan den s u that
bai cua khoi nghTa Yen Bai do Viet N a m quo'c dan dang khoi x u o n g va lanh dao.
K h o i nghia Yen Bai that bai keo theo su tan ra cua Viet N a m quoc dan dang.

^

T r o n g hai n a m 1926 -1927, da no ra 27 eupe da'u tranh eiia cong nhan.

con lai sau nay tie'n den thanh lap D o n g D u o n g cpng san lien d o a n .

N a m quo'c d a n d a n g k h o n g xay d y n g d u p e co so cua m i n h t r o n g cae giai cap

Vift

o Vi?t N a m . C o n d u o n g each m a n g tren lap t r u o n g v 6 san d a p u n g d u p e yeu

* Dac diem:

san. D u o n g l o i each m a n g k h o n g dap u n g yeu cau cua dan tpc, d o vay Vi^t

Khang

Ciia N g u y e n A i Quo'c ve con d u o n g giai p h o n g dan tpc tren lap t r u o n g v6 san

Tan Viet da gia nhap vao H p i V i ^ t N a m Cach m a n g T h a n h nien; m o t bp p h a n
To chuc Viet N a m Quoc dan dang theo xu h u o n g each m a n g dan chii t u

TNHH MTV PWH

'^

N h i e u nha may, x i nghi^p thanh lap dupe Cong h p i do.
Cae eupc da'u tranh da co s u p h o i hop kha chat ehe va eo su lanh dao ciia
H p i V i ^ t N a m Cach m a n g Thanh nien.
K h a u hieu da'u t r a n h t u d o i quyen Ipi k i n h te chuyen sang d o i ca q u y e n Ipi

chinh t r j .

*Y nghia:

T u thuc t e d o , ta co the n i t ra nguyen nhan c h u n g dan den s u chuyen hoa

Phong trao cong nhan phat trien m a n h me co anh h u o n g r p n g Ion t r o n g

ciia H p i Vi?t N a m Cach m a n g Thanh nien, su phan hoa ciia Tan V i $ t va s u that

toan quoc va t h u c s u t r o thanh m p t luc l u p n g c h i n h t r j dpc lap, co sue t h u h u t

bai r o i tan ra ciia V i ^ t N a m quo'c dan dang la: qua t r i n h t r u y e n ba chii nghla

cae lue l u p n g xa hpi khae.

Mac - L e n i n vao Vi?t N a m , cung la qua t r i n h t u y e n t r u y e n n h i i n g q u a n d i e m
1A

Su phat trien ciia p h o n g trao cong nhan da thiic day nhanh chong viee h i n h
thanh cac to ehiie cons san: D o n g D u o n g C p n g san dang; A n N a m C p n g san


d a n g va D o n g D u o n g Cong san lien doan de den dau n a m 1930 thanh lap

Cong san dang, t h o n g qua T u y e n ngon, D i e u 1$ ciia Dang, ra bao Bua Hem l a m co

D a n g C p n g san V i ^ t N a m .

quan n g o n l u a n va c u ra Ban Chap hanh T r u n g u o n g ciia D a n g .

K h o a n g thang 8 -1929, cac can bp lanh dao tien tieh t r o n g T o n g bp va K i bp

3. Q u a t r i n h p h a n hoa t u H p i V i ^ t N a m Cach m ? n g T h a n h n i e n d e n s y t h a n h

H p i Vipt N a m Cach m a n g T h a n h nien 6 N a m K i c u n g da quye't d j n h l^p An

l a p D a n g C p n g skn V i ? t N a m

t^am Cong san dang.

H p i V i ^ t N a m Cach m a n g T h a n h nien d u p e t h a n h lap t u thang 6 - 1925, t ^ i

M p t so d a n g v i e n tien tieh ciia Dang Tan Vipt cung tieh cvre v a n d p n g lap

Q u a n g Chau - T r u n g Quoc, d o N g u y e n A i Quoc sang lap.

cac chi b p cpng san va xiic tien vipe ehuan b i lap D a n g C p n g san. T h a n g 9 -

N a m 1928, H p i thyc hien chii t r u o n g " v 6 san hoa", dua can bp ve nuoc hoat
dpng trong phong trao cong nhan nham truyen ba chu nghla Mac - Lenin cho hp.

1929, n h i r n g n g u o i cpng san t r o n g Tan Vipt t u y e n bo thanh lap Dong

K h i phong trao cong nhan phat trien manh me, yeu cau phai c6 chinh dang cua

Ducmg

Cong san lien doan.

giai cap v6 san lanh dao. Vai tro ciia H p i Vi^t N a m khong con phia hpp nCra.

c. Y nghia

T u do, H p i Viet N a m Cach m a n g Thanh nien phan hoa n h u sau:

Dap u n g yeu cau khach quan ciia each mang giai phong dan tpc 6 Vipt N a m .

+ M p t so t h a n h vien ciia H p i 6 B3c K i tien t o i thanh l$p D o n g D u o n g Cpng

C h u n g to s y Ion m a n h va kha nang each m a n g ciia p h o n g trao cong nhan.

san d a n g ( 6 - 1 9 2 9 ) .

La s u ehuan b i true tie'p cho sy thanh lap D a n g C p n g san Vipt N a m .

+ M p t so t h a n h v i e n ciia H p i 6 N a m K i va Q u a n g Chau - T r u n g Quoc tieh

5, D a n g C p n g san V i p t N a m t h a n h l?p

t o i thanh lap A n N a m C p n g san dang (8 - 1929).

a. Nguyen nhan dan tai Hoi nghj thanh lap Dang Cpng san Vi?t

Nam

D e n n a m 1930, ca hai to chuc D o n g D u o n g C p n g san dang. A n N a m Cpng

N a m 1929, d o tac d p n g ciia chii nghia Mac - Lenin, p h o n g trao cong nhan

san c u n g v o i D o n g D u o n g C p n g san lien doan h p p nha't lai thanh D a n g Cpng

phat trien m a n h , y thue giai cap, y thue chinh t r j ngay cang ro rpt. C i i n g v o i cac

san V i ^ t N a m .

p h o n g trao dau t r a n h yeu nuoc khae, ke't thanh m p t Ian song each m a n g dan

4. H o a n canh l i c h su, q u a t r i n h t h a n h l ^ p va y n g h i a l } c h s u ciia s v xuat h i ^ n

tpc, dan chii m a n h me, t r o n g d o giai cap cong nhan da t h y c s y t r o thanh l y e

cac to chuc c p n g san n a m 1929

l u p n g tien p h o n g . T h y c tien d o d o i hoi cap thie't sy lanh dao t h o n g nha't, chat

a. Hoan canh lich sik

che ciia m p t c h i n h d a n g ciia giai cap v6 san.

Cuoi n a m 1928 dau nam 1929, chii nghia Mac - Lenin dupe truyen ba sau rpng

T r o n g k h i d o , d Vipt N a m da xuat hipn ba to chuc cpng san, ba to chuc nay

vao V i f t N a m , tao dieu ki^n cho phong trao cong nhan phat trien manh me.

lai nay sinh m a u t h u a n , n h u tranh gianh dang vien, t r a n h g i a n h q u a n chiing,
tranh gianh anh. h u o n g , t h a m chi con bai xich Ian nhau l a m cho quan c h i i n g

V a i tro lanh dao ciia H p i Vipt N a m Cach m a n g Thanh nien k h o n g con p h u

k h o n g bie't theo sy l a n h dao ciia to chuc nao. T i n h h i n h ngay cang keo dai,

h p p nua, can c6 c h i n h dang v6 san lanh dao de d u a p h o n g trao phat trien.
h. Qua trinh thanh

cang bat I p i cho each m a n g .

lap

C u o i thang 3 - 1929, v o i su nhay cam ve c h i n h t r j , m p t so'hpi v i e n tien tieh

T r u o c t i n h h i n h ay, d u p e sy uy n h i p m ciia Quoc te cpng san, N g u y e n A i

ciia H p i V i ^ t N a m Cach m a n g Thanh nien 6 Bac K i h p p tai so nha 5 D p h o H a m

Quoc da trieu tap H p i nghj g o m cac dai bieu ciia cac to chuc cpng san de ban

L o n g (Ha N p i ) lap ra C h i bp cpng san dau tien 6 V i ^ t N a m g o m c6 7 d a n g vien.

vipe h p p nha't t h a n h m p t Dang, tai C u u L o n g , canh H u o n g Cang ( T r u n g Quoc)

C h i bp m o r p n g cupc v a n d p n g de thanh lap m p t d a n g cpng san n h a m thay the

t u ngay 6 - 1 den ngay 7 - 2 -1930.
Sang lap ra D a n g C p n g san Vipt N a m la cong lao to Ion ciia N g u y e n A i

cho H p i Vipt N a m Cach m a n g Thanh nien.
Tir ngay 1 den ngay 9 - 5 - 1929, Dai hpi Ian t h i i nha't ciia H p i Vipt N a m

Quo'e d o l v o i dan tpc va giai cap.

Cach m a n g T h a n h nien h p p tai H u o n g Cang. Tai D a i h p i , doan dai bieu Bac K i

b. Ngi dung Hpi nghj thanh lap

d|t van de thanh lap ngay Dang Cpng san de thay the H p i Vipt N a m Cach mang

N g u y e n A i Quoc da phe p h a n nhCrng quan d i e m sai l a m ciia m o i to chuc

Thanh nien, song khong dupe dai hpi chap nhan nen da bo dai hpi ve nuoc.

cpng san rieng re va neu ro ehuong t r i n h ciia H p i n g h i .

N g a y 1 7 - 6 - 1929 dai bieu cac to chiic co so cpng san 6 m i e n BSc hpp dai
h p i tai nha so 312 p h o K h a m Thien, H a N p i , quye't d j n h thanh lap Dong

Dang

Duong

i

H p i nghj da thao l u a n va nha't t r i t h o n g nha't cac to chuc cpng san thanh m p t
D a n g d u y nha't la'y ten la D a n g Cpng san Vipt N a m , t h o n g qua c h i n h c u o n g
39


v3n tat, sach luge vSn tat ciia Dang... do Nguyen A i Quo'c soan thao. Do la
cuong ITnh each mang dau tien eua Dang.
Nhan djp Dang ra doi, Nguyen A i Quoe ra loi keu gpi eong nhan, nong dan,

binh linh, thanh nien, hgc sinh, anh chj em bj ap biic boc Ipt.
Hpi nghj hp-p nhat cac to chue epng san Vi^t Nam mang tarn voc Ijch sir ciia
mpt dai hoi thanh lap Dang.
c. Ynghia thanh lap Dang
Dang Cong san Viet Nam ra dai la ke't qua tat yeu eua cupc dau tranh dan
tpe va giai cap ciia nhan dan Vi^t Nam. Dang la san pham ciia sy ke't hop chu
nghla Mac - Lenin voi phong trao eong nhan va phong trao yeu nuoc Viet
Nam trong thoi dai moi.
Vi^c thanh lap Dang la mpt bude ngoat vT dai trong Ijch su Vi^t Nam. Tu
day, each mang giai phong dan tpe eua nhan dan Vi?t Nam da dat duoi sy
lanh dao duy nhat eua Dang Cong san Vi^t Nam, mpt Dang theo hpc thuyet
Mac - Lenin va t u tuong Ho Chi Minh, c6 duang 161 each mang khoa hpc sang
tao CO to chuc chat che, c6 dpi ngij can bp dang vien kien trung nguy^n suot doi hi
sinh cho li tuong eua Dang, la mpt nhan to' thang Ipi eiia each mang.

Cuang link chinh tri dau tien ciia Dang Cong san Viet Nam do Ngui/en Ai Quoc
soan thao tuy con vdn tSt song day la mpt citcmg linh giai phong dan toe sang tao, sam
kei hap dung dan vevah dedan toe va giai cap. Doc lap va tu do la tu tuong chit yeu
cua cuang ITnh nay.

b. Tinh dung dan, sang tao:
Tinh dung din the hi?n: nhirng npi dung eua Cuong ITnh rat diing vai cac
quan diem ciia chu nghTa Mae - Lenin va thyc tien Viet Nam. Ngay t u dau.
Dang ta da tha'u su6't con dudng phat trien tat yeu ciia each mang V i f t Nam,
do la eon duang ke't hop va giuong cao ngpn eo doc lap dan tpe va chii nghTa
xa hpi. Chinh vi vay, duong loi nay da dua each mang Viet Nam di t u th3ng
ipi nay den thang Ipi khac va thang Ipi hoan toan.
Tinh sang tao the hi^n: nhirng quan diem ciia ehii nghTa Mae - Lenin dupe
Nguyen A i Quo'c van dung sang tao vao hoan canh Vi^t Nam, vi nhu Cuong
ITnh ke't hop diing d i n van de dan tpe va giai cap, trong do doe lap dan tpe la

tu tuong ehii yeu. Ve lye lupng each mang, Cuong ITnh da the hi^n dupe van
de doan ke't dan tpe rpng rai de danh duoi ke thu. Dieu nay rat diing vai hoan
canh mpt nuoc thupe dja nhu Viet Nam.

Dang ra dai la su chuan bj tat yeu dau tien c6 tfnh quye't dmh cho nhiing
buae phat trien nhay vpt moi trong Ijch su dan tpe Vi^t Nam.
6. N p i dung Chinh cuong vin tit, Sach lug^c vSn tat ciia Dang Cpng san Vif t
Nam. T i n h dung dan va sang t^o cua Cuong l i n h chinh tr\

Chinh cuong vin tit, sach lupc vin tat la cuong ITnh chinh trj dau tien ciia
Dang. Tuy con vin tat nhung no la Cuong ITnh each mang giai phong dan tpe
diing dan va sang tao, nhuan nhuyen ve quan diem giai cap, tha'm dupm tinh
dan tpe va nhan van. Doe lap t y do la tu tuong cot loi ciia cuong ITnh nay.

a. Npi dung:

*

7. Dang Cpng san V i f t Nam ra doi la san pham lich su cupc dau tranh yeu

Tai Hpi nghj thanh lap Dang Cpng san V i f t Nam (6 - 1 - 1930), cac dai bieu
da thao luan va th6ng qua Chinh cuong van tat, Sach lupc van tat ciia Dang do
Nguyen A i Quo'c soan thao. Do la cuong ITnh each mang dau tien ciia Dang.

nuoc ciia nhan dan V i ^ t Nam trong ba thap nien dau the k i XX
Dang Cpng san Vi^t Nam ra doi la ke't qua tat yeu ciia cupc dau tranh dan
tpe va giai ca'p ciia nhan dan Viet Nam trong ba thap nien dau the'ki XX.

Cuong ITnh xac djnh duang 161 chie'n lupc each mang Dang la tien hanh
cupc " t u san dan quyen each mang va tho dja each mang de di toi xa hpi epng san".

Trong ba thap nien dau the'ki XX, thuc dan Phap tien hanh khai thac thupc
dja Ian thii hai 6 Viet Nam, ciing voi qua trlnh khai thac ciia thyc dan Phap

N h i f m vu ciia each mang la danh do de'quoe Phap, bpn phong kien va t u

lam xua't hien nhOng mau thuan trong xa hpi Viet Nam, mau than eo ban nhat

san phan each mang lam cho nuoc Vi^t Nam dupe doc lap t u do; lap chinh phu

do la, mau thuan giOa toan the dan tpe Viet Nam voi thyc dan Phap va mau

eong nong binh; to chue quan dpi c6ng n6ng, tjch thu he't san nghifp Idn cua

thuan giOa giai cap n6ng dan Vi^t Nam vai bpn dja ehii phong kien tay sai. De

de'quoe, tjch thu rupng dat cua de quo'c va bpn phan each mang chia cho dan

giai quye't cac mau thuan do, nhan dan ta da dung len chong thyc dan Phap va

cay ngheo, tien hanh each mang rupng dat v.v.

phong kien tay sai. Cupc dau tranh dien ra manh me, quye't li^t trong ba thap

HI!

Lye lupng each mang la eong nong, tieu t u san, tri thuc. Con phii nong,
trung tieu dja ehii va t u ban thl Ipi dung hoae trung lap, dong thoi phai lien lac

nien dau the'ki XX do la:

Thu nhat, phong trao dau tranh dan tpe theo khuynh hudng dan ehii t u san,

voi cac dan tpe bj ap bue va v6 san the'gioi.

do giai cap tu san dan tpe va tang lop tieu tu san khoi xuong va lanh dao.

Dang Cpng san Viet Nam, dpi tien phong ciia giai cap v6 san se g i u vai tro
lanh d?o each m^ng.
,
, il

Phong trao nay the hi^n tinh than yeu nuae, y thiic dan tpe eiia giai cap tu san
va tang lop tieu t u san. Dae bi^t la cac phong trao dau tranh do tang lop tieu t u


san khai xuong va lanh dao da loi keo dugc dong dao cac tang lop nhan dan
tham gia. Nhung cuoi cung cac phong trao da'u tranh theo khuynh huong dan
chii t u san trong nhung nam 1919 - 1925 deu bi that bai do bi khiing hoang ve
duong 161 each mang. Chinh t u trong phong trao nay dat ra yeu cau cap thiet
cho each mang Viet Nam muon da'u tranh gianh thang loi phai c6 chinh dang
cua giai cap v6 san voi duong 16'i each mang dung dan sang tao.
Thii hai, phong trao da'u tranh giai cap, do chinh la cac cupc da'u tranh cua
giai cap cong nhan Vi?t Nam trong nhung nam 1919 - 1929. Trong nhung nam
1919 - 1925, phong trao da'u tranh cua cong nhan Vi^t Nam chu yeu doi cac
quyen Ipi ve kinh te'nen con mang tinh t u phat. Sang nhCrng nam 1926 - 1929,
do chu nghla Mac - Lenin dupe truyen ba sau rpng vao Vipt Nam nen phong
trao da chuyen sang da'u tranh t u giac. Khi phong trao da'u tranh ciia cong
nhan ngay cang phat trien, no dat ra yeu cau phai c6 chinh dang cua giai cap
v6 san lanh dao de tie'p tuc dua phong trao tie'n len. Vi vay, phong trao cong
nhan chinh la co so xa hpi va dieu kipn co ban de dan den sy thanh lap Dang

Cpng san Vipt Nam.

.jt,

N h u vay, phong trao da'u tranh yeu nuoc cua nhan dan ta trong ba thap
nien dau the ki XX, do la phong trao dan tpc theo khuynh huong dan chii t u

diem chu nghla Mac - Lenin. Nho do ta bie't xay d y n g va sir dyng hai lye
lupng chinh trj, vu trang de tie'n hanh khoi nghla.
Dang ra doi xay dyng dupe ban dong minh moi. Dang ra doi lam cho each
mang Vipt Nam tro thanh mpt bp phan khang kbit ciia thegioi. Nho vay, tir do
(Jen nay, ta da tranh thu dupe sy dong tinh va iing hp to Ion ciia cac lye lupng
caeh mang the g i a i , tao nen sire manh tong hpp de chien thang mpi ke thu.
Vi nhirng le do. Dang Cpng san Vipt Nam ra doi da mo ra mpt buoc ngoat
Ijeh sir vT dai cho each mang Viet Nam.
* Vai tro eiia Nguyen A i Quoc:
Trye tie'p to chire va chu tri Hpi nghj thanh lap Dang Cpng san Vipt Nam t^i
Huong Cang - Trung Qu6'e vao ngay 3 - 2 -1930.
Phe phan nhirng hanh dpng thie'u thong nha't ciia cac to chiirc cpng san trong
nuoc trong vipe tranh gianh quyen lanh dao, tranh gianh quan ehiing, tranh
gianh dang vien.
D|t ra yeu cau cap thiet phai hpp nha't cac to ehue cpng san de d i den thanh
l^p Dang Cpng san Vipt Nam.
Viet va th6ng qua Chinh cuong van tat, Saeh lupc v3n tat, Dieu Ip vMn tat.

san va phong trao cong nhan. Hai phong trao nay la co so xa hpi va dieu kipn

Do chinh la Cuong ITnh chinh trj dau tien cua Dang da vach ra nhiing net co

quyet dinh de dan den su thanh lap Dang Cpng san Vipt Nam.

ban ve duong 161 chien lupc va saeh lupc cho each mang Vipt Nam.

8. Dang Cpng san Vipt Nam ra doi mo ra mpt buoc ngoat v6 cung quan trpng
trong Ijch su dan tpc Vipt Nam. Vai tro cua Nguyen A i Quoc trong H p i nghj

De ra ke'hoaeh de cac to chiic cpng san ve nuoc xiic tie'n vipe hpp nha't, roi
di den thanh lap Dang Cpng san Vipt Nam.

thanh lap Dang
Dang ra doi da vach ra duong 161 chien lupc cho each mgng. Duong 161 do
la: Truoc lam each mang dan tpc dan chu roi sau tie'n thang len chii nghla xa
hpi bo qua giai doan phat trien che dp t u ban chii nghla. T u nay each mang
Vipt Nam eha'm dut su khiing hoang ve duong 161 va co sy lanh dao dung dan
de d i den thang Ipi.
Dang ra doi, xay dung dupe mpt lue lupng moi cho each mang ma chii yeu
la lien minh e6ng nong. Dang ra doi de ra hai khau hipu chien lupc la: "Dpc lap
dan tpc" va "Rupng dat dan cay". Hai khau hipu nay dap ung dupe nguypn vpng
cua da so'nhan dan, nha't la n6ng dan. Do do, 16i eu6'n dupe d6ng dao n6ng dan
di theo each mang, xay dung dupe khol lien minh e6ng n6ng, t^o ra dupe mpt
nhan toco ban nua, dam bao thSng Ipi cho each mang Vipt Nam.
Dang ra doi vach ra dupe phuong phap each mang dung dan. Do la dung
phuong phap da'u tranh each mang bang bao lue ciia quan chiing theo quan

cAu H6I

ON

TAP

Cau 1. Trinh bay npi dung cupc khai thae thupc dia Ian t h u hai ciia thye dan
Phap 6 D6ng Duong va phan tich anh huong ciia no d61 voi sy phan hoa giai
cap trong xa hpi Vipt Nam tir nam 1919 den nam 1929.
Cau 2. Phan tieh thai dp chinh trj va kha nang each mang cua cac giai cap va
tang lop o Vipt Nam sau Chien tranh thegioi thir nha't. Van de nay da dupe de
ra trong Cuong llnh ehinh tri dau tien eiia Dang Cpng san Vipt Nam (3 - 2 - 1930)
nhu thenao?
Cau 3. Lap bang so sanh cupc khai thae thupc dia Ian nha't (1897 - 1914) voi
cupc khai thae Ian thu hai 1919 - 1929) eiia thye dan Phap 6 Vipt Nam ve hoan
canh Ijeh sir, mye dieh, npi dung, hp qua va tac dpng den kinh te^ xa hpi Vipt Nam.
Cau 4. Trinh bay nhirng tien de dan den phong trao each mang giai phong
dan tpc Vipt Nam sau Chien tranh thegioi thir nha't. Sy vuon len va trien vpng
cua cac khuynh huong each mang lue do ?
43


Cdu 5. Tit cupc khai thac thuoc dja Ian t h i i nha't va Ian t h u hai cua thuc dan
Phap 6 D o n g D u o n g . H a y neu nhan xet ciia anh (chi) ve sy tac d p n g cua no do!
v d i k i n h te'va d o i song xa hoi 6 Vi|t N a m .
Cau 6. N e u m p t bien chuyen Ion nha't trong cuoc khai thac thupc dja cua thuc
dan Phap 6 D o n g D u o n g . Tac d u n g cua bien chuyen do do v o i s u nghi^p giai
p h o n g d a n tpc a n u o c ta.
Cau 7. A n h (chj) hay giai thich v i sao ngoai hai giai cap cong nhan va nong
dan, cac giai cap, tang l o p khac o Viet N a m cCing c6 the van dong, l o i cuon ho

Cdu 17. T r i n h bay n h i i n g co'ng hie'n ciia N g u y e n A i Quoc d o i v o i ijch sir dan
tpc ta tir n a m 1911 den n a m 1945.

Phan tich m p t cong hien ma anh (chi) cho

rang noi bat nha't.
Cdu 18. T r i n h bay n h i r n g m a t tich cue va han che ciia cac p h o n g trao dau
tranh yeu nuoc va dan chu cong khai n h i r n g n a m 1919 -1925.
Cdu 19- Lap bang so sanh ba to chuc yeu nude each m a n g ( H g i Vi?t N a m
Cach m a n g T h a n h nien. D a n g Tan Vi?t va V i f t N a m Quo'c dan dang) theo yeu
cau sau day:
Hpi VNCMTN

t h a m gia each m a n g .
Cau 8. N h O n g cuoc van d o n g cuu nuoc cua cac bac tien boi da de lai n h u n g

Thai gian

bai hpc k i n h n g h i e m gi? N g u y e n A i Quoc tiep t h u n h i r n g bai hpc d o n h u the

hoat d o n g

nao t r o n g qua t r i n h t i m d u o n g c u u nuoc ciia m i n h .

Lanh dao

T a n Vi^t C M dang

V N Q D dang

Cdu 9. C h u t r u o n g c u u nuoc ciia N g u y e n A i Quoc c6 n h i r n g d i e m g i go'ng va
khac v o i cac bac tien boi.

Lye

Cdu 10. H a y chon loc va t r i n h bay 3 d o n g gop to Ion nha't ciia lanh t u N g u y e n
A i Quoc t r o n g 20 n a m dau cua the'ki XX. L i giai s u lua chpn do?
Cdu 11. Hoan canh ra d o i , t u tuong chieh luge, sach luge each mang giai phong
dan tgc va y nghla eiia tac pham Dumg kach menh cua N g u y e n A i Quoc.
Cdu 12. C h u nghla Mac - Lenin dugc t r u y e n ba vao Viet N a m bang eon
d u o n g boat d o n g ciia to chiic each m a n g nao? H o a t d o n g ciia to chue each
m a n g do dien ra n h u thenao?
Cdu 13. Su chuyen hoa eiia to ehiic H g i Viet N a m Cach m a n g thanh nien. Tan
Vi^t Cach m a n g d a n g va Viet N a m Quoc dan dang d i e n ra n h u the nao?
Cdu 14. Qua t r i n h chuyen t u t u phat sang t u giac eiia p h o n g trao cong nhan
Vi^t N a m t r o n g n h i r n g n a m 1919 - 1929 dien ra n h u the nao? Yeu to nao giir

lugng
Nhif m vu
Xu h u o n g
Cdu 20. Qua Hch sir Viet N a m tir 1858 den truac 1930, hay e h u n g m i n h :
- Sy k h u n g hoang ve d u o n g loi cuu nuoc ciia cac bac tien b o i .
- Cong lao ciia N g u y e n Ai Quoc trong vi^e t i m ra con d u o n g cuu nuoc d i i n g dan.
Cdu 21. Phan tich n h i r n g cong lao to Ion cua N g u y e n A i Quoc d o i v o i sy
chuan bj tien t o i thanh lap D a n g Cong san Vi^t N a m n a m 1930.
Cdu 22. T r i n h bay va phan tich ba yeu to dan den sy thanh l?p D a n g Cgng

vai tro eo ban nha't cho s u chuyen hoa do.
Cdu 15. V i sao hoat d o n g cua H g i V i f t N a m Cach m a n g thanh nien va Tan
Vi^t Cach m a n g dang da eo tac d u n g thiic day p h o n g trao cong nhan phat trien

san Vi?t N a m .
Cdu 23. Qua t r i n h dau tranh giai cap va dau tranh d a n tgc d a n den s u thanh
lap D a n g C o n g san V i ^ t N a m dien ra n h u the nao?

tir t y phat sang t u giac.
Cdu 16. L a p bang so sanh ve cac to ehirc chinh tr| ciia giai cap v6 san, tieu t u

Cdu 24. Phan tich n h i r n g u u d i e m noi bat ciia C y o n g ITnh c h i n h t n dau tien
"luge d o n g chi N g u y e n A i Quoc t r i n h bay tai H g i nghj thanh lap D a n g .

T e n to chiic

T h a i gian

Q u a trinh

thanh lap

hoat dpng

Xu huong

Ket qua

Cdu 25. T r i n h bay va phan tich ngi d u n g eo ban eiia C y o n g l l n h chinh t r j dau
tien ciia D a n g d o d o n g chi N g u y e n A i Quoc k h o i thao. N h i ? m v u cua each
" l a n g Vi^t N a m neu t r o n g C u o n g l l n h da dugc ap d y n g n h u the nao trong thai
kicach m a n g 1930-1945?
Cdu 26. Yi sao n o i rang. Dang Cong san V i f t N a m ra d o i m o ra m o t budc
•^goat v 6 ciing quan trgng trong Hch sir dan tpc V i ^ t Nam? Vai tro ciia N g u y e n
Quoc d o i v o i H p i nghj thanh lap Dang.


Chuy§n de 2:

Mau thuan xa hpi ngay cang sau s3c, trong do c6 hai mau thuan ca ban la

V I E T N A M TIT N A M 1 9 3 0 D ^ N N A M 1 9 4 5

mau thuan giira dan tpc Vi^t Nam voi thuc dan Phap va mau thuan giiia nong

I. PHONG T R A O C A C H MANG 1930 - 1931
1. Tac dpng cua tinh hinh the gjoi den Vif t Nam sau Chien tranh the gjoi thu nhat

dan voi dia chii phong kien, trong do chii yeu la mau thuan giCra dan tpc Vi$t
Nam voi thuc dan Phap va tay sai phan dpng.

Sau Chien tranh the gioi thu nhat, cac nuoc de quo'c thang tran da ciing

3. Phong trao each mang 1930 -1931

nhau phan chia lai the gioi, thiet lap mpt trat tv hoa binh, an ninh men.

a. Nguyen nhan bung no:

Hau qua cua chien tranh, khiing hoang kinh te 6 cac nuoc tu ban chu nghia

* Vekinh te:

va anh huong cua cupc each mang thang Muoi Nga (thang 11 -1917).

Do bj dequoc va phong kien ap biic boc lot nang ne, them vao do tu 1929 -1933,

Giai cap cong nhan cac nuoc da thanh lap nhimg to chuc rieng cua minh.

the gioi lai dien ra cupc khiing hoang kinh te ciia chii nghia tu ban, lam cho dai

Cac dang cpng san 6 cac nuoc tu ban chii nghia, cac nuoc thupc dja va nira

song ciia nhan dan ta von da khon kho cang them khon kho. Mau thuan xa hpi

thupc dja Ian lupt ra doi.

cang gay gat, khien cho nhan dan ta nhan thay chi con mpt con duong viing

Quoc teCpng san (Quoc te thu ba) dupe thanh lap 6 Mat-xco-va (thang 3 -

len dau tranh chong ach ap biie boc Ipt ciia thye dan, phong kien, thoat khoi

1919) dam nhan su menh tap hpp va lanh dao phong trao each mang v6 san va

cupc dai trau ngua.

phong trao giai phong dan tpc 6 cac nuoc tren the gioi.

* Ve chink tri:

Cac dieu ki^n khach quan do cua the gioi da tac dpng Ion den su phat trien

Dau nam 1930, cupc khoi nghia Yen Bai oia Vi?t Nam Quoc dan dang biing

cua phong trao giai phong dan tpc Vi^t Nam.
2. Thyc trang kinh te - xa hpi Vi?t Nam trong nhung nam khung hoang kinh

no va that bai. Loi dung co hpi nay bpn de quoc tien hanh khiing bo trang doi

te the giai 1929-1933

voi each mang. Hang nghin nguoi bj bat, tra tan, tu day. Tmh hinh do lam cho
khong khi chinh trj d Dong Duong von da cang thang lai cang them cang thing.

- Thuc trang kinh. te:

* Dang Cong san Viet Nam ra dai:

Tu nam 1930, kinh te Viet Nam buoc vao thoi ki suy thoai. La mpt nuoc

Cung vao dau nam 1930, Dang Cpng san Vi#t Nam ra dai, de ta hai khau

nong nghiep. Liia gao bj syt gia. Rupng dat bo hoang nam 1930 la 200.000ha,

hi?u chien lupc: "Dpc lap dan tpc"va "Rupng dat dan cay". Hai khau hi§u nay

nam 1933 la SOO.OOOha.
San xuat cong nghiep bi suy giam. Nam 1929 tong gia trj san lupng khai

da dap ling nguy^n vpng dai da so nhan dan, nhat la nong dan. Dang da kjp

khoang cua Dong Duong la 18 tri^u dong, nam 1933 chi con 10 tri^u dong.

thai lanh dao nhan dan ta dau tranh chong dequoc Phap va phong kien tay sai

Trong thuong nghiep, xuat nhap khau dinh don. Hang hoa khan hiem, gia ca

gianh dpc lap, tu do.

dat do.

Tu ba nguyen nhan ay dan toi su biing no phong trao each mang 1930 -

H^u qua cua cupc khiing hoang kinh te o Vi^t Nam rat nang ne so vai cac

1931 6 nuoc ta. Trong ba nguyen nhan tren, Dang ra doi va lanh dao la nguyen

thupc dja khac ciia Phap ciing nhu so vdi cac nuoc trong khu vyc.

nhan ca ban nhat, quye't dinh sy bung no phong trao.

- Thuc trang xa hoi:

b. Dien bien cua phong trao:

Nhieu cong nhan bj sa thai. Cupc song ciia thp thuyen ngay cang kho khan.

IV- Trong bol eanh ciia eupe khiing hoang kinh te va phong trao each mang

Nong dan phai chiu canh thue'cao, vay np nang lai, nong pham lam ra phai

dang cao, ngay sau khi ra doi. Dang Cpng san Vi^t Nam ra dai kjp thai lanh

ban ha gia. Rupng dat bj dia chii nguoi Phap va nguoi Vi^t chiem doat. Hp bj

dgo phong trao dau tranh ciia quan chiing cong - nong khSp ea nuoc.

ban cung hoa.

Trong thang 2 - 1930, no ra cupc dau tranh ciia cong nhan, nong dan va cac

Cac tang lop nhan dan lao dpng khac nhu tieu thuong, tieu chii, vien chuc,

tang lop lao dpng khac. Tieu bieu la cupc bai cong ciia cong nhan don dien cao

tri thuc nho va mpt so tu san dan tpc... cung khong tranh khoi tac dpng xau
ciia khiing hoang kinh te. Cac nghe thii cong bj pha san, nha buon nho phai
dong cira, vien chuc bj sa thai, hpc sinh ra truong khong c6 vi?c. Mpt so dong
tu san dan tpc cung gap nhieu kho khan trong kinh doanh.

su Phii Rieng, Dau Tieng.
•

Thang 3 va 4 - 1930, dien ra cupc dau tranh ciia cong nhan nha may spi
Nam Djnh, nha may diem Ben Thuy.