btap 10 môn tiếng anh

Unit 2

SCHOOL TALKS

A READING
Part 1. Read the passages and put a tick (√) in the right column.
Meeting and Greeting Customs
There are many different greeting customs around the world. Here are some.
Chile: people usually shake hands when they meet for the first time. When two women first
meet, they sometimes give one kiss on the cheek. (They actually "kiss the air"). Women also
greet both mate and female friends with a kiss. Chilean men give their friends warm hugs or
sometimes kiss women on the cheek.
Finland: Finns greet each other with a firm handshake. Hugs and kisses are only for close
friends and family.
The Philippines: The everyday greeting for friends is a handshake for both men and women.
Men sometimes pat each other on the back.
Korea: Men bow slightly and shake hands to greet each other. Women do not usually shake
hands. To address someone with his or her full name, the family name comes first, then the first
name.
The United States: People shake hands when they are first introduced. Friends and family
members often hug or kiss on the cheek when they see each other. In these situations, men often
kiss women but not other men.
Chile

Finland

The
Philippines

Korea

The
US

1. People shake hands every time they meet.
2. Women do not shake hands
3. Women kiss at the first meeting
4. Men hug or pat each other on the back
5. Women kiss male friends
6. The family name comes first
Part 2. Read the passage and then complete the summary below it.
Conversational Turns
Probably .the most widely recognised conversational convention is that people take turns
speaking. But how do people know when it is their turn? Some rules must be present, otherwise
conversations would be continually breaking down into a disorganised Jumble of interruptions
and simultaneous talk.
Turn-taking cues are usually quite subtle. People do not simply stop talking when they are ready
to yield the floor. They usually signal in advance that they are about to conclude. The clues may
be semantic ("So anyway,..." or "Last but not least,..."); but more commonly the speech itself can
be modified to show that a turn is about to end — typically, by lowering its pitch, loudness, or
speed.
Body movements and patterns of eye contact are especially important. While speaking, we look
at and away from our listener in about equal proportions; but as we approach the end of a turn,
we look at the listener more steadily.
Listeners are not passive in all of this. Here too there are several ways of signaling that someone
wants to speak next. One way is through an observable iIncrease in body tension — by leaning
forward or producing an audible intake of breath. A less subtle approach is simply to interrupt —
a strategy that may be tolerated, if the purpose is to clarify what the speaker is saying, but that
more usually leads to social disapproval.

SUMMARY
Turn-taking is a way of organising (1) ________ so that people do not (2) ________ each other
or (3) ________ at the same time. Some ways of signaling when you are about to stop talking are
using specific (4) ______, changing (5) _______, loudness or speed, and looking more (6)
________ at the listener.
Listeners may show they want to talk by (7) _______ up, leaning forward or simply (8)
________ which people disapprove of unless it is done for clarification.
B. LANGUAGE FOCUS
Exercise 1. Choose the words with italicised letter(s) that are pronounced /A/ and /a:/.
1. passage fast.
language headmaster father
classmate
2. lovely
complain
worry
wonderful
holiday
month