unit 11-language focus

Pham Thi Thu Thao THPT Nam Hai Lang
Pham Thi Thu Thao THPT Nam Hai Lang
CHECKING
Combine each pair of following sentences, using “who”,
“which” or “that”
1. The man is wearing the red tie. He is my old friend.
The man who is wearing the red tie is my old friend.
2. The building was destroyed in the storm. It is being rebuilt.
The building which was destroyed in the storm is being rebuilt.
3. He was the last person. He left the room unlocked last night.
He was the last person who/that left the room unlocked last
night.
Pham Thi Thu Thao THPT Nam Hai Lang
Pham Thi Thu Thao THPT Nam Hai Lang
1.The man who is wearing the red tie is my old friend.
Example:
a) Present participle:
I. Grammar: Relative clauses replaced by participles or to
infinitives
1. Relative clauses replaced by participles:
The man wearing the red tie is my old friend.
Who is wearing wearing
2. The dog which barks noisily is very intelligent.
The dog barking noisily is very intelligent.
Which barks barking
Formula 1
Noun/Noun phrase + who/which/that + verb
(Subject)
Noun/Noun phrase + V- ING
V-ING
Pham Thi Thu Thao THPT Nam Hai Lang

1. Relative clauses replaced by participles:
a) Present participle:
b) Past participle:
V-ING
V- ED / V- 3
Example:
1. The building which was destroyed in the storm is being rebuilt.
Which was destroyed destroyed
2. The man who was kidnapped last night has been released.
The building destroyed in the storm is being rebuilt.
The building destroyed in the storm is being rebuilt.
Who was kidnapped kidnapped
Formula 2
Noun/Noun phrase + who/which/that + to be + V-ed/ V-3
Noun/Noun phrase + V-ed/ V-3
Pham Thi Thu Thao THPT Nam Hai Lang
1. Relative clauses replaced by participles:
2. Relative clauses replaced by to infinitives:
a) Active infinitive: To + verb
Example:
1. He was the last person who left the room unlocked last night.
He was the last person to leave the room unlocked last night.
The last...who left the last...to leave
2. This is the only animal which survives in the forest fire.
This is the only animal to survive in the forest fire.
The only...which survives the only...to survive
Formula 3
The first/second/only/biggest... + who/which/that + verb
The first/second/only/biggest...+ to + verb
Pham Thi Thu Thao THPT Nam Hai Lang

2. Relative clauses replaced by to infinitives:
a) Active infinitive:
To + verb
a) Passive infinitive:
To be + V-ed/V-3
Example:
1. This is the second novel which was written by Shakespeare.
This is the second novel to be written by Shakespeare.
The second...which was written the second...to be written
2. He is the last man who was rescued from being drowned.
He is the last man to be rescued from being drowned.
The last...who was rescued the last...to be rescued
Formula 4
The first/second/only/biggest... + who/which/that + be + V-ed/V-3
The first/second/only/biggest...+ to be + V-ed/V-3
3. The sentence that I have to read is very long.
The sentence to be read is very long.
That I have to read to be read