Cloze tests assignment neww

METHODOLOGY 3
ASSIGNMENT 1
Group 2:
Nguyễn Cao Diệp
Trương Thị Thanh Nhàn
Nguyễn Thị Phương Thủy
Đặng Thị Thu Hằng
Đặng Thị Ngọc Uyên


Cloze
Test

I

Definition

II

Purposes

III

Characteristics

IV

Advantages and Disadvantages

V

Types

VI

How to design

VII

Conclusion


What’s cloze test?


I

Definition
“The practice of measuring language proficiency or
language comprehension by requiring examinees to
restore words that have been removed from
otherwise normal text.” (Jonz 1990)
“A
technique
for
measuring
reading
comprehension. In a cloze test, words are removed
from a reading passage at regular intervals, leaving
blanks. For example, every fifth word may be
removed. The reader must then read the passage

and try to guess the missing words.” (Richards,
Platt, and Weber, 1985, Longman Dictionary of
Applied Linguistics.)


I

Definition
A cloze test/ cloze deletion test) is an exercise, test, or
assessment consisting of a portion of language with
certain items, words, or signs removed (cloze text),
where the participant is asked to replace the missing
language item.
Cloze tests require the ability to understand context and
vocabulary in order to identify the correct language or
part of speech that belongs in the deleted passages.


II

Purposes

The Cloze Test is intended to measure students’ ability to
decode interrupted or mutilated messages by making the
most acceptable substitutions from all the contextual
clues available.


II

Purposes

- Diagnostically determine the extent to which students
are able to monitor the meaning while reading.


II

Purposes

- To determine which cueing systems students effectively
employ to construct meaning from print material.


II

Purposes

- To assess the student’s use of prior knowledge.


II

Purposes

- To assess the extent of students’ words and grammatical
structures.


II

Purposes

- To identify student’s knowledge and understanding of
the reading process.


II

Purposes

- The cloze result gives the teacher information about text
difficulty; student’s reading level and student’s prior
knowledge.


II

Purposes

- The investigation helps the teacher to decide the
suitability of the text, to study results and to help the
students to overcome the difficulties in achieving the
required level of language proficiency.


III

Characteristics

– Cloze test items consist of words that are
deleted from a text after allowing a few
sentences of introduction.


Can we see if the earth is a globe? Yes, we can,
when we watch a ship that sails out to sea. If we
watch closely, we see that the ship begins
(1) ...................... The bottom of the ship
disappears first, and then the ship seems to sink
lower and lower , (2) ....................... we can only
see the top of the ship, and then we see nothing at
all. What is (3) ....................... hiding the ship
from us? It is the earth. Stick a pin most of the way
into an orange, and (4) ....................... turn the
orange away from you. You will see the pin
disappear, (5) ..................... a ship does on the
earth. 


– The deletion rate is mechanically set,
usually between every 5th and 8th .


Jill was walking to her class slowly. She was
worried ___1___ the History test she would
have to ___2___ that morning. As she was
reaching the classroom, a piece of paper
suddenly fluttered down and ___3___ near her
feet. As Jill glanced down at the paper, her

heart nearly ___4___ a beat. It was the History
test paper complete ___5___answers !


– Candidates have to fill each gap by
supplying the words they think has been
deleted.


After months of colder weather, the days get longer, the buds (1) ............ in
the trees, birds sing, and the world (2) ............ a green dress. Spring
passes (3) ............ summer. Everyone knows that summer will
not (4) ............ The power of all the wisest men and women in the world
cannot keep it for us. The corn becomes ripe, the leaves turn brown and then
drop to the ground, (5) ............ the world changes its green dress for a dress
of autumn colors. 
1. A. fall off

B. take up

C. put off

DD. come out

2. A. looks after

B. puts on
B

C. carries on

D. comes round

3.  A. into

B. by

C. from

D. on

4.  A. forego

B. evaluate

C.succumb

D.last

5. A. yet

B. therefore

C. and

A

C

D

D.since


IV

Advantages and Disadvantages

ADVANTAGES:
- Easy to construct and easy to score if the
exact-word scoring method is applied.

- With the 5th word deletion, a large number of
items can be taken on a relatively a short text.
- It is claimed as a valid measure for reading
comprehension test.


DISADVANTAGES:
• - It is difficult to determine whether a certain
word is appropriate to the text or not. So that is
takes a long time to check.


V

Types

Based on how the blanks are created; generally,
there are two kinds of cloze: fixed-ratio and

rational deletion.
• Fixed-ratio (nth word deletion):
– Delete every nth word, no matter what word it is.
(n=5~11 in normal practice)

• Rational deletion (selective deletion)
– The words are deleted on the basis of some
rational decision.


The Varieties of Cloze Test
• In the fixed-ratio method,
every n-th word is
indiscriminately deleted. n
is its frequency that
determines the number of
deletions.
• The interval deletion of
cloze test is between 3rd –
11th word.
• The most widely favoured
for deletion: 5th, 6th, and
7th.

• Variable-ratio method
omits only certain kind of
words which the
constructor thinks of the
importance for a certain
purposes, such as nouns,

verbs, adjectives, adverbs,
prepositions, etc


Four types of blank (or deletion)
Based on the amount of info. needed to fill
in the blank, there are four types of
deletion. (Bachman 1985)
– Type 1 deletion: within clause.
– Type 2 deletion: across clause(s), within
sentence.
– Type 3 deletion: across sentences, within
text.
– Type 4 deletion: extra-textual ( based on
prior/background knowledge)


• Note:
• Recognized set phrase for which
there is only one possibility to fill
the blank (and you cannot rely on
your syntactic knowledge or follow
any rules) Type 4 deletion.
• Examples:
•
interested in; be interested ;
addition to; opportunities
practice