english gerund and infinities

LESSON 3: FUNCTION OF A GERUNDVERBS FOLLOWED BY A GERUND


1. Function of a Gerund
The main functions of the Gerund are: the Subject, the Object and the Predicative.

O The Subject
Eg: Gambling is a very dangerous occupation. 

O The Object
Eg: He was accused of having stolen this necklace. 

O The Predicative
Eg: The main occupations of the Slavonic tribes were hunting, fishing, bee-keeping
and herding. 


2. Verbs Followed by a Gerund
Excuse

Mean (=involve)

Prefer

Fancy

Mind

Prevent

Finish

Miss

Propose

Forgive

Neglect

Recollect

Give up

Pardon

Remember

Continue

Hate

Postpone

Resent

Delay

Imagine

Practise

Resist

Intend

Prefer

Risk

Involve

Prevent

Save

Keep

Propose

Start

Like

Recollect

Stop

Love

Remember

Suggest

Admit
Appreciate
Begin
Consider

Deny
Detest
Dislike
Dread
Enjoy
Escape
Understand

Eg: Most people enjoy writing letters to their friends.
Eg: Tom avoids studying his lessons as long as possible


LESSON 4: COMMON EXPRESSIONS
FOLLWED BY A GERUND - VERBS
FOLLED BY EITHER A GERUND OR A
TO -INFINITIVE


1. Common Expressions Followed by a Gerund


2. Verbs Followed by either a Gerund or a To-infinitive

1. Remember (nhớ) và forget (quên)
–     Remember / forget + to-infinitive.
Eg:       Please remember to return the book tomorrow.
–     Remember/ forget + verb-ing:Forget + verb-ing
Eg:       I’m sure I locked the door. I clearly remember locking it.
2. Regret (tiếc; hối tiếc)
–     Regret + to-infinitive:
Eg:       We regret to tell you that we are unable to help you.
–     Regret + verb-ing
Eg:       I regret leaving school at 14 – It was a big mistake.
3. Stop (ngừng)
–     Stop + to-infinitive
Eg:       We stopped to rest.
–     Stop + verb-ing
Eg:       There’s too much noise. Can you all stop talking, please?


4. Try (cố gắng; thử)
–     Try + to-infinitive
Eg:       I tried to move the table, but it was too heavy.
–     Try + verb-ing: chỉ sự thử nghiệm
Eg:       Try phoning his home number.
5. Go on (tiếp tục)
–     Go on + to-infinitive
Eg:       After discussing the economy, the minister went on to talk about foreign policy.
–     Go on + verb-ing
Eg:       I can’t go on pretending that everything is okay when it clearly isn’t.
6. Mean (có ý định; có nghĩa)
–     Mean (+ object) + to-infinitive
Eg:       Sorry, I didn’t mean to interrupt you.

–     Mean + verb-ing        .
Eg:       Spending all the money today means starving tomorrow.


7. Động từ chỉ tri giác (hear, see, notice,.ẽ.)
–     Hear, see … + object + bare-infinitive
Eg:       I saw Tom get into his car and drive away.   
We all felt the house shake.
–     Hear, see, … + object + verb-ing
Eg:       As I passed his house I heard him practicing the piano.
8.  Advise (khuyên), allow, permit (cho phép), forbid (cấm), recommend (đề nghị), encourage (khuyến khích)
–     Advise, allow,… + object + to-infinitive
Eg:       The teacher permitted us to go out.
She encouraged her daughter to lose weight.
–     Advise, allow, … + verb-ing
Eg:       The teacher permitted going out.
I wouldn’t advise taking the car. There’s nowhere to park.


9. Like (thích), love (yêu), hate (ghét), prefer (thích hơn)
Eg:       I hate to stand/ standing up while I’m eating.
Eg:       On Sundays I like to sleep late.
            Do you like cooking?
10. Các động từ begin, start (bắt đầu), continue (tiếp tục), intend (dự định),bother (làm
phiền), propose (dự định)
Eg:       It has started to rain/ raining.
I intend to tell/ telling her what I think.


Exercise 1: Fill the gap with the correct form of the verbs given in brackets.

to return
1. My friend promised (return_______________ the book very
soon.
2. Most people enjoy (write) ________________ letters to writing
their friends.
studying
3. Tom avoids (study) ________________ his lessons
as long as possible.
writing
4. David finished (write) ________________ the report about four o’clock.
to leave
5. How soon do you expect (leave) ________________ for South America?
trying
6. Have you considered (try) ________________ something different?
traveling
7. Are you going to suggest (travel) ________________ by plane or not?
8. I can’t stand (listen) ________________ to his complaints
listening any longer.
working

9. My father is retired. He stops (working) ________________ now.
10. Mrs. Baker got them (keep) ________________ her house.

to keep

11. She wanted the letter (send) ________________ at once.

to be sent

12. It will make difference (try) ________________ at this time.
13. I look forward to (hear) ________________ from

trying

hearing


Exercise 2: Choose the correct answer a, b, c or d
1. My father usually helps me_______ English.
a. to learn               b. lean                      c. learning                d. both a and b
2. He was heard_______ shout.
a. to                               b. of                         c. by                                  d. at
3. This student expected_______ the first winner of the Grand Prix.
a. be                              b. being                     c. to be                        d. will be
4. I told her_______ about her wedding; everything will straighten out.
a. Don't worry                 b. not to worry            c. no worry                        d. not worry
5. May I suggest you let_______
a. Mary doing so             b. Mary do so            c. Mary does to                 d. Mary to do so
6. She_______ him when he called her.
a. pretended not hear                                       b. pretended she heard not
c. pretended not to hear                                   d. did not pretend hear
7. The doctor advised_______ late.
a. me not staying up         b. me not stay up       c. me not to stay up          d. I did not stay up


Exercise 3: Choose the correct answer a, b, c or d
1. I hope_______
a. to see you there      b. seeing you there     c. you to see there         d. see you there
2. I taught_______

a. how mending a shirt                                       b. him how to mend a shirt
c. how mend a shirt                                           d. him how mend a shirt
3. I told_______
a. Nam to come           b. to come Nam              c. to Nam come             d. Nam come
4. My father has decided_______ a new house.
a. find               b. to find                     c. finding                   d. him find
5. Mother warned_______ the electric plug
a. here not to touch      b. her touching not           c. her not touch             d. not touch
6. Don't tell Tan because I don't want_______
a. him to know             b. know                          c. him know                   d. knowing
7. She explained_______
a. how to make it          b. me how to make it      c. me to make it             d. me make it


Thank you.