Prototype lessons on developing textual skill of first year college students of the thai nguyen system

i

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Republic of the Philippines

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
Socialist Republic of Vietnam

PROTOTYPE LESSONS ON DEVELOPING TEXTUAL SKILLS
OF FIRST YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS OF
THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM

A Dissertation
Presented to
The Faculty of Graduate School
Batangas State University
Batangas City, Philippines

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree
Of Doctor of Philosophy
Major in English

By:
HOANG HUONG LY
June 2015


ii

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY

Socialist Republic of Vietnam

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Republic of the Philippines

APPROVAL SHEET

This dissertation entitled “PROTOTYPE LESSONS ON DEVELOPING
TEXTUAL SKILLS OF FIRST YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS OF THAI
NGUYEN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM” prepared and submitted by HOANG
HUONG LY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy major in English has been examined and is recommended for Oral
Examination.

MATILDA H. DIMAANO, Ph.D.
Adviser
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade
of _________.
DR. AMADA G. BANAAG
Chairman
DR. MARIA LUISA A. VALDEZ
Member

DR. FELIX M. PANOPIO
Member

DR. MYRNA G. SULIT
External Representative
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

degree of Doctor of Philosophy major in English.
Comprehensive Examination: PASSED

_____________
Date

MATILDA H. DIMAANO, Ph.D.
Dean, Graduate Studies


ii

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
Socialist Republic of Vietnam

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Republic of the Philippines

APPROVAL SHEET

This dissertation entitled “PROTOTYPE LESSONS ON DEVELOPING
TEXTUAL SKILLS OF FIRST YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS OF THAI
NGUYEN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM” prepared and submitted by HOANG
HUONG LY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy major in English has been examined and is recommended for Oral
Examination.

MATILDA H. DIMAANO, Ph.D.
Adviser
PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade
of _________.
DR. AMADA G. BANAAG
Chairman
DR. MARIA LUISA A. VALDEZ
Member

DR. FELIX M. PANOPIO
Member

DR. MYRNA G. SULIT
External Representative
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy major in English.
Comprehensive Examination: PASSED

_____________
Date

MATILDA H. DIMAANO, Ph.D.
Dean, Graduate Studies


ii

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
Socialist Republic of Vietnam

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Republic of the Philippines

APPROVAL SHEET

This dissertation entitled “PROTOTYPE LESSONS ON DEVELOPING
TEXTUAL SKILLS OF FIRST YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS OF THAI
NGUYEN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM” prepared and submitted by HOANG
HUONG LY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy major in English has been examined and is recommended for Oral
Examination.

MATILDA H. DIMAANO, Ph.D.
Adviser
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade
of _________.
DR. AMADA G. BANAAG
Chairman
DR. MARIA LUISA A. VALDEZ
Member

DR. FELIX M. PANOPIO
Member

DR. MYRNA G. SULIT
External Representative
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy major in English.
Comprehensive Examination: PASSED

_____________

Date

MATILDA H. DIMAANO, Ph.D.
Dean, Graduate Studies


ii

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
Socialist Republic of Vietnam

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Republic of the Philippines

APPROVAL SHEET

This dissertation entitled “PROTOTYPE LESSONS ON DEVELOPING
TEXTUAL SKILLS OF FIRST YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS OF THAI
NGUYEN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM” prepared and submitted by HOANG
HUONG LY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy major in English has been examined and is recommended for Oral
Examination.

MATILDA H. DIMAANO, Ph.D.
Adviser
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade
of _________.
DR. AMADA G. BANAAG
Chairman

DR. MARIA LUISA A. VALDEZ
Member

DR. FELIX M. PANOPIO
Member

DR. MYRNA G. SULIT
External Representative
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy major in English.
Comprehensive Examination: PASSED

_____________
Date

MATILDA H. DIMAANO, Ph.D.
Dean, Graduate Studies


ii

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
Socialist Republic of Vietnam

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Republic of the Philippines

APPROVAL SHEET

This dissertation entitled “PROTOTYPE LESSONS ON DEVELOPING

TEXTUAL SKILLS OF FIRST YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS OF THAI
NGUYEN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM” prepared and submitted by HOANG
HUONG LY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy major in English has been examined and is recommended for Oral
Examination.

MATILDA H. DIMAANO, Ph.D.
Adviser
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade
of _________.
DR. AMADA G. BANAAG
Chairman
DR. MARIA LUISA A. VALDEZ
Member

DR. FELIX M. PANOPIO
Member

DR. MYRNA G. SULIT
External Representative
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy major in English.
Comprehensive Examination: PASSED

_____________
Date

MATILDA H. DIMAANO, Ph.D.
Dean, Graduate Studies

ii

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
Socialist Republic of Vietnam

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Republic of the Philippines

APPROVAL SHEET

This dissertation entitled “PROTOTYPE LESSONS ON DEVELOPING
TEXTUAL SKILLS OF FIRST YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS OF THAI
NGUYEN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM” prepared and submitted by HOANG
HUONG LY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy major in English has been examined and is recommended for Oral
Examination.

MATILDA H. DIMAANO, Ph.D.
Adviser
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade
of _________.
DR. AMADA G. BANAAG
Chairman
DR. MARIA LUISA A. VALDEZ
Member

DR. FELIX M. PANOPIO

Member

DR. MYRNA G. SULIT
External Representative
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy major in English.
Comprehensive Examination: PASSED

_____________
Date

MATILDA H. DIMAANO, Ph.D.
Dean, Graduate Studies


ii

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
Socialist Republic of Vietnam

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Republic of the Philippines

APPROVAL SHEET

This dissertation entitled “PROTOTYPE LESSONS ON DEVELOPING
TEXTUAL SKILLS OF FIRST YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS OF THAI
NGUYEN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM” prepared and submitted by HOANG
HUONG LY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy major in English has been examined and is recommended for Oral

Examination.

MATILDA H. DIMAANO, Ph.D.
Adviser
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade
of _________.
DR. AMADA G. BANAAG
Chairman
DR. MARIA LUISA A. VALDEZ
Member

DR. FELIX M. PANOPIO
Member

DR. MYRNA G. SULIT
External Representative
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy major in English.
Comprehensive Examination: PASSED

_____________
Date

MATILDA H. DIMAANO, Ph.D.
Dean, Graduate Studies


ii

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
Socialist Republic of Vietnam

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Republic of the Philippines

APPROVAL SHEET

This dissertation entitled “PROTOTYPE LESSONS ON DEVELOPING
TEXTUAL SKILLS OF FIRST YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS OF THAI
NGUYEN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM” prepared and submitted by HOANG
HUONG LY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy major in English has been examined and is recommended for Oral
Examination.

MATILDA H. DIMAANO, Ph.D.
Adviser
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade
of _________.
DR. AMADA G. BANAAG
Chairman
DR. MARIA LUISA A. VALDEZ
Member

DR. FELIX M. PANOPIO
Member

DR. MYRNA G. SULIT
External Representative

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy major in English.
Comprehensive Examination: PASSED

_____________
Date

MATILDA H. DIMAANO, Ph.D.
Dean, Graduate Studies


ii

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
Socialist Republic of Vietnam

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Republic of the Philippines

APPROVAL SHEET

This dissertation entitled “PROTOTYPE LESSONS ON DEVELOPING
TEXTUAL SKILLS OF FIRST YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS OF THAI
NGUYEN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM” prepared and submitted by HOANG
HUONG LY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy major in English has been examined and is recommended for Oral
Examination.

MATILDA H. DIMAANO, Ph.D.
Adviser

PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade
of _________.
DR. AMADA G. BANAAG
Chairman
DR. MARIA LUISA A. VALDEZ
Member

DR. FELIX M. PANOPIO
Member

DR. MYRNA G. SULIT
External Representative
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy major in English.
Comprehensive Examination: PASSED

_____________
Date

MATILDA H. DIMAANO, Ph.D.
Dean, Graduate Studies


ii

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
Socialist Republic of Vietnam

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

Republic of the Philippines

APPROVAL SHEET

This dissertation entitled “PROTOTYPE LESSONS ON DEVELOPING
TEXTUAL SKILLS OF FIRST YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS OF THAI
NGUYEN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM” prepared and submitted by HOANG
HUONG LY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy major in English has been examined and is recommended for Oral
Examination.

MATILDA H. DIMAANO, Ph.D.
Adviser
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade
of _________.
DR. AMADA G. BANAAG
Chairman
DR. MARIA LUISA A. VALDEZ
Member

DR. FELIX M. PANOPIO
Member

DR. MYRNA G. SULIT
External Representative
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy major in English.
Comprehensive Examination: PASSED

_____________
Date

MATILDA H. DIMAANO, Ph.D.
Dean, Graduate Studies


ii

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
Socialist Republic of Vietnam

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Republic of the Philippines

APPROVAL SHEET

This dissertation entitled “PROTOTYPE LESSONS ON DEVELOPING
TEXTUAL SKILLS OF FIRST YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS OF THAI
NGUYEN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM” prepared and submitted by HOANG
HUONG LY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy major in English has been examined and is recommended for Oral
Examination.

MATILDA H. DIMAANO, Ph.D.
Adviser
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade
of _________.
DR. AMADA G. BANAAG

Chairman
DR. MARIA LUISA A. VALDEZ
Member

DR. FELIX M. PANOPIO
Member

DR. MYRNA G. SULIT
External Representative
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy major in English.
Comprehensive Examination: PASSED

_____________
Date

MATILDA H. DIMAANO, Ph.D.
Dean, Graduate Studies


ii

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
Socialist Republic of Vietnam

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Republic of the Philippines

APPROVAL SHEET

This dissertation entitled “PROTOTYPE LESSONS ON DEVELOPING
TEXTUAL SKILLS OF FIRST YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS OF THAI
NGUYEN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM” prepared and submitted by HOANG
HUONG LY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy major in English has been examined and is recommended for Oral
Examination.

MATILDA H. DIMAANO, Ph.D.
Adviser
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade
of _________.
DR. AMADA G. BANAAG
Chairman
DR. MARIA LUISA A. VALDEZ
Member

DR. FELIX M. PANOPIO
Member

DR. MYRNA G. SULIT
External Representative
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy major in English.
Comprehensive Examination: PASSED

_____________
Date

MATILDA H. DIMAANO, Ph.D.

Dean, Graduate Studies


ii

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
Socialist Republic of Vietnam

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Republic of the Philippines

APPROVAL SHEET

This dissertation entitled “PROTOTYPE LESSONS ON DEVELOPING
TEXTUAL SKILLS OF FIRST YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS OF THAI
NGUYEN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM” prepared and submitted by HOANG
HUONG LY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy major in English has been examined and is recommended for Oral
Examination.

MATILDA H. DIMAANO, Ph.D.
Adviser
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade
of _________.
DR. AMADA G. BANAAG
Chairman
DR. MARIA LUISA A. VALDEZ
Member

DR. FELIX M. PANOPIO
Member

DR. MYRNA G. SULIT
External Representative
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy major in English.
Comprehensive Examination: PASSED

_____________
Date

MATILDA H. DIMAANO, Ph.D.
Dean, Graduate Studies


ii

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
Socialist Republic of Vietnam

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Republic of the Philippines

APPROVAL SHEET

This dissertation entitled “PROTOTYPE LESSONS ON DEVELOPING
TEXTUAL SKILLS OF FIRST YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS OF THAI
NGUYEN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM” prepared and submitted by HOANG
HUONG LY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of

Philosophy major in English has been examined and is recommended for Oral
Examination.

MATILDA H. DIMAANO, Ph.D.
Adviser
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade
of _________.
DR. AMADA G. BANAAG
Chairman
DR. MARIA LUISA A. VALDEZ
Member

DR. FELIX M. PANOPIO
Member

DR. MYRNA G. SULIT
External Representative
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy major in English.
Comprehensive Examination: PASSED

_____________
Date

MATILDA H. DIMAANO, Ph.D.
Dean, Graduate Studies


xvi

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Republic of the Philippines

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
Socialist Republic of Vietnam

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure
1

Title

Page

Conceptual Paradigm of the Study........…………….............61


1

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
Socialist Republic of Vietnam

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Republic of the Philippines

CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM
Introduction

The English language is one of the foreign languages taught in various
stages of the educational system, especially in countries that have adopted it
as their second language. A number of reasons justify this grand educational
decision as the English language has risen to a global status and has fast
become the lingua franca of the entire world.
Although English is only the third in rank among the world languages,
the first of which is Chinese Mandarin and the second is Spanish, the wide
adoption and acceptance of modern English in business communication drive
its continuous success. In fact, countries in Africa and Asia for example who
are multi-lingual and multi-dialect have made English as their common
language bridging the communication gap among their regional constituents.
Therefore, English has risen from its former status as the language of the
colonialists to a language of democracy and progress.
Globalization has created a demand for proficiency in the English
language. Important business transactions in the world’s biggest economies
are crafted in the English language. The movement of people either for


2

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
Socialist Republic of Vietnam

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Republic of the Philippines

tourism, business, education or migration to a foreign country requires a
minimum level of English language proficiency. These are some of the several
reasons why English language schools have proliferated, that is to cater to the
increasing need of the wider speaking public. While the teaching of the English

language has taken a full and formalistic engagement like the programs for
English as the Second Language (ESL) or English as a Foreign Language
(EFL) assumed by designated language teaching institutions, deficiencies
have been and continuously being identified. The ESL and EFL pedagogical
styles were seen to follow the scholastic or traditional approaches of teaching
English.
With traditional approaches, it is meant that the English language is
taught in the way that it is taught in schools, like building vocabularies and
putting heavy emphasis on grammar. This approach has been challenged as
evaluations of the non-native speakers in various foreign educational
institutions that showed preponderance of ineffective English communication
skills. In fact, the ESL program was primarily geared towards developing
written English proficiency, not spoken English proficiency. Thus, the trend of
focusing on spoken English proficiency is gaining ground among the different
language learning institutions in the recent time.


3

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
Socialist Republic of Vietnam

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Republic of the Philippines

However, people cannot use only spoken language to communicate
because written language plays very important role in every field. As can be
seen in four skills, writing or textual skill is the most creative and difficult skill
that learners at different levels of English especially elementary encounter
because they need to gain basic knowledge of English in general as well as

writing in particular. If they are taught textual skill thoroughly and often practice
writing, they are able to use words and compound or complex sentences
exactly and effectively to express their ideas logically.
Language learning proceeds in a longitudinal and sequential fashion and
several researches have provided evidence to this effect. In fact, there were 5
stages identified in communicative development that L1 learners need to
undergo. ESL/EFL learners were also found to undergo communicative
development in a similar process, suggesting the universality of the language
learning process. And following L1 learners’ pattern in acquiring linguistic skills
of their native language that occur in stages, macro and micro skills are
acquired as well.
The four macro language skills that occur in sequential process include
listening first, then speaking, followed by reading, and finally writing. These
macro skills as indicated are related to each other in two ways, and these are


4

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
Socialist Republic of Vietnam

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Republic of the Philippines

the direction of communication - the in or out, and the method of communication
the spoken or written. The micro-skills acquired would include grammar,
vocabulary, pronunciation, and spelling.
The linguistic skills development and maturity of the second language
learners can be evaluated cross-sectionally through a sampling assessment of
their macro skills as well as their micro skills. Such is particularly important

especially among freshman students of the University, where a linguistic
performance assessment would be critical in making a decision for English
language remedial programs. Aware of the academic tasks of a tertiary
education, a minimum skill and proficiency in the English language is
required for them to successfully tackle the requirements of their courses.
In the spectrum of the macro-linguistic skills of the first year college
students, writing or textual skill will be evaluated. One reason for this choice is
the apparent expectation that these students are in fact mature EFL learners
and their years of exposure and use of the English language have gained their
competence to tackle the advanced task of writing. According to Omaggio
(1993) writing is a continuous activity that range from the more mechanical or
formal aspects of writing down on the one end, to the more complex act of


5

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
Socialist Republic of Vietnam

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Republic of the Philippines

composing on the other end. Through experience writing skills can be learned
and practice.

Composing as one among attributes of writing centers on telling or
retelling pieces of information. It can be in the form of narrative or description
or transforming information into new texts. Writing is learned through formal
instructional environment and not in a naturally acquired skill. It needs
conscious effort and practice. Students are taught the importance of stating

assumptions through writing as well as creating texts and building relationships
among words, sentences and paragraphs based from their experiences.
In the aspect of macro- skills, there is no other fitting choice but to
examine the students’ writing skills as these also mirror the kind of
performance they have along this language component. There are identified
writing

problems

which

the

students

encountered.

These

include

inconsistencies in spelling, punctuations and capitalizations, unnecessary
shifting in the use of simple tenses, and wordiness. Students also have
problems in sentence and paragraph coherence as well as word order and
sentence structure.


6

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY

Socialist Republic of Vietnam

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Republic of the Philippines

These difficulties can be attributed to students’ weaknesses in their prior
learning experiences as well as lack of exposures and practice in writing. The
researcher being an English teacher handling Basic English Course, observed
these scenario among her Vietnamese students taking up this course. That
prompted her to conduct this study to probe the textual skills of the
Vietnamese first year Basic English students in comparison to the
assessments of the responses of their respective English teachers.
Statement of the Problem
This study assessed textual skill of first year college students of Thai
Nguyen University System, Vietnam.
Specifically, it sought answers to the following questions:
1. What is the demographic profile of students in terms of:
1.1 gender;
1.2 parents’ educational attainment;
1.3 students’ exposure to English media;
1.4 place of origin; and
1.5 school graduated from?
2. What is the respondents' textual skills performance in terms of:
2.1 combining sentences;


7

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
Socialist Republic of Vietnam

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Republic of the Philippines

2.2 constructing sentences ;
2.3 connecting ideas;
2.4 using words effectively; and
2.5 developing paragraph?

3. Are there significant relationships between the students' textual skills
performance and their profile variables?
4. How do teachers assess the textual skills performance of students in
English?
5.

Are there

significant differences

on students’

textual skills

performance and teachers’ assessment on the same areas?
6. What prototype lessons may be proposed to develop students’ skills
textual skills performance?
Scope, Delimitation and Limitation of the Study
This study determined the textual skills of first year college students of
Thai Nguyen System, Vietnam. This study was limited to the responses of
379 first year Basic English language students from selected Universities in

Thai Nguyen and their respective English teachers. The students answered


8

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Republic of the Philippines

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
Socialist Republic of Vietnam

the teacher–made test on textual performance relative to combining
sentences;

constructing

sentences;

connecting

ideas;

using

words

effectively; and developing paragraph which served as the source of the
quantitative data that were analyzed statistically. The students’ demographic
profiles such as gender; parents’ educational attainment; students’ exposure
to English media; place of origin; and school graduated from were included in

this study.

The student respondents were enrolled in the Basic English

course in the University. The teacher respondents were the respective
teachers of the evaluated students and the teacher’s assessment of the
student and the students’ scores in questionnaire were compared.
Comparison of means and t-test were done as well as correlation analysis
but not limited to these statistical parameters. Demographic data were
presented as graphical figures.

The study was limited only to first year

college students enrolled in the four Thai Nguyen University Systems.
Those students who were not enrolled in the Basic English Course as well
as those who were in the upper year levels were excluded in the study.


9

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
Socialist Republic of Vietnam

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Republic of the Philippines

Significance of the Study
This study is believed to have profound significance to the
administrators, teachers of English and first year college students in Thai
Nguyen University, and future researchers.

Administrators. Results of the study will provide them information
regarding the textual performance of their students for them to make the
decision to establish an English language remedial program for the affected
student population or make an evaluation as to whether the teacher’s
strategic intervention and the prototype lessons which are the output of this
study would suffice to supplement the deficiency needs of the students.
Policy-Makers. Results of the study will provide them with the latest
textual performance of the first year college English students which will serve
as basis for national policy formulation. This will also substantiate the status of
the primary and secondary education whether they have successfully prepared
the students to this tertiary level.
Students. Results of the study will help them understand their textual
performance. This will also serve as basis for improvement on the areas
they find most difficult. The output developed in the study in the form of