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LÝ THUYẾT ÔN TẬP HỌC KỲ II
(năm học 2011 – 2012)
I/ CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
- Type 2: unreal in the present
IF clause
,
If + S + VII/ed
didn’t + Vo
- Type 3: unreal in the past
IF clause
,
If + S + had + VIII/ed
hadn’t + VIII/ed

main clause
S + would (not) + Vo (infinitive)
could (not)
main clause
S + would (not) + have + VIII/ed
could (not)

Note: Unless = If…. not
II/ PASSIVE VOICE

S+

+ V III /ed

to be

am/is/are
am/is are being
was/were
was/were being
have/has been
will be
can/may/must be
need to be

Active:

S

+ V

+

O

 Passive: S + to be + VIII/ed + by O + adv

III/ TO – INFINITIVE

To/ in order to/ so as to + V infinitive
In order not to/ so as not to + V infinitive
IV/ WH- QUESTIONS (what, why, who, when, whom, which, where, how…)
WHAT

+ adv

kind of/ sort of?
time?
colour?
…. for?
…..look like?

HOW

far/ long?
many/ much?
old?
often?

Form:
WH_
+ aux.verb
+ S + V + O + adv?
HOW_
am/is/are/was/were + S + O + adv?
do/does/did
+ S + Vo + adv?
have/has/had
+ S + VIII/ed + adv?
Note:
Hỏi cho chủ ngữ: Who/what + V + O + adv?
V/ IT WAS NOT UNTIL….
IT WAS NOT UNTIL + (time)
+ that + S – VII/ed – O
clause of time

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VI/ ADJECTIVE OF ATTITUDE (V_ing/ V3-ed )
* V_ing: Tính từ dùng để mô tả tính chất vốn có của người/ vật/ sự việc
* V3-ed : Tính từ dùng chỉ cảm xúc, ấn tượng của chủ thể (là con người) trước 1 người
khác hoặc trước sự vật/ sự việc khác.
VII/ ARTICLES: a/an - the
A/ AN
Dùng trước danh từ không xác định về mặt vị
trí/ tính chất/ đặc điểm hoặc được nhắc đến lần
đầu tiên trong câu.

THE
Dùng trước danh từ đã được xác định cụ thể
về mặt tính chất, đặc điểm, vị trí hoặc được
nhắc đến lần thứ hai trong câu.
- Dùng trước số thứ tự - trước so sánh nhất trước các vật duy nhất
- Dùng trước 1 tính từ chỉ 1 nhóm người trong
xã hội
- Trong các cấu trúc chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn
KHÔNG DÙNG MẠO TỪ trước từ chỉ: tên bữa ăn – tên đất nước, châu lục, con đường, thành
phố - tên môn học, môn thể thao …
VIII/ FUTURE TENSES: WILL – BE GOING TO
S + WILL + Vo
- Ý định thực hiện hành động nảy sinh tại thời
điểm nói
- Dự đoán việc có thể diễn ra (cảm tính, không
có dấu hiệu trên thực tế)
- Đưa ra lời đề nghị được làm gì cho ai
IX/ COMPARATIVE & SUPERLATIVE

1. Comparatives (so sánh hơn)
S + to be + short adj-er + than + O
more + long adj + than + O
2. Superlatives (so sánh nhất)
S + to be +
the + short Adj-est
the most + long Adj
Từ gốc
Good
Old

So sánh hơn
Better
Older

Bad
Few
Little
Many/much
Far

Worse
Fewer
Less
More
Farther

So sánh nhất
The best
The oldest

The eldest
The worst
The fewest
The least
The most
The farthest

S + am/is/are + going to + Vo
- Hành động sắp được thực hiện vì đã có kế
hoạch từ trước
- Dự đoán việc sắp sửa xảy ra (chắc chắn, có
dấu hiệu trên thực tế)


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BÀI TẬP ÔN TẬP HỌC KỲ II
(Năm học 2011 – 2012)
1. Conditional sentence type 2
Exercise 1: Sentence transformation
1. I never get very lonely because I have lots of good friends.
 If _____________________________________________________________
2. Because Simon doesn’t live near his mother, he can’t visit her often.
 If _____________________________________________________________
3. I don’t have free time, so I can’t go to see him.
 If _____________________________________________________________
4. I am not a millionaire, I can’t help all people.
 If _____________________________________________________________
5. I am not old enough, I can’t decide my own life.
 If _____________________________________________________________

6. I am very tired, so I can’t finish my work.
 If _____________________________________________________________
2.

Conditional setence type 3

Exercise 2: Sentence transformation
1. She didn’t eat anything because she wasn’t hungry.
 If _____________________________________________________________
2. The accident happened because the driver in front stopped so suddenly.
 If _____________________________________________________________
3. She didn’t buy the watch because she didn’t bring enough money with her.
 If _____________________________________________________________
4. I had a cold because I walked in the rain.
 If _____________________________________________________________
5. They didn’t sell the house because their children wanted to keep it.
 If _____________________________________________________________
6. He failed the exam because he didn’t do it well.
 If _____________________________________________________________
7. She couldn’t come because she had to work overtime.
 If _____________________________________________________________
8. I couldn’t answer the phone because I was having a bath.
 If _____________________________________________________________
9. I wasn’t hungry, so I didn’t eat anything.
 If _____________________________________________________________
10. I didn’t know that Hung had to get up early, so I didn’t wake him.
 If _____________________________________________________________
3.

The passive voice

Exercise 3: Rewrite the sentences, using passive voice.
1. She made a lot of mistakes in the examination.
 ________________________________________________________________
2. Our country exports rice to many countries in the world.
 ________________________________________________________________
3. Students often use a ruler to draw a straight line.
 ________________________________________________________________


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4. When did people build that museum?
 ________________________________________________________________
5. Teachers gave students a lot of homework last term.
 ________________________________________________________________
6. People ban smoking in this restaurant.
 ________________________________________________________________
7. You should leave your shoes before entering the room.
 ________________________________________________________________
8. People held the 1998 World Cup in France.
 ________________________________________________________________
9. My father waters these flowers every morning.
 ________________________________________________________________
10. Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen.
 ________________________________________________________________
4. Attitudinal Adjectives
Exercise 4: Complete the sentences with the suitable V-ed or V-ing form of the words in brackets.
1. The story I just finished has a very _________________ ending.
(Surprise)
2. I was really _______________ by the ending of the story.

(Surprise)
3. The girl was ______________ about her coming birthday party.
(Excite)
4. The match we saw on TV last night was very _____________.
(Excite)
5. The book I’m reading is really __________.
(Interest)
6. I’m really ______________ in reading this book.
(Interest)
7. I’m ________________ . I can’t understand the instructions on this box.
(Confuse)
8. The instructions on the box are _____________ .
(Confuse)
9. Parents should always be ________________ about the movies their chilren watch. ( concern)
10. The teacher was very much ______________________ about our terrible acting.
(Annoy)
5. It is/was not until + a point of time + that-clause
Exercise 5: Rewrite the sentences, using “It was not until …”
1. She didn’t recover her confidence until that morning.
 ________________________________________________________________
2. He didn’t arrive at the office until half past nine.
 ________________________________________________________________
3. I didn’t know how to ride a bicycle until I was 15.
 ________________________________________________________________
4. John didn’t finish reading my book until last Saturday.
 ________________________________________________________________
5. I didn’t like chocolate until I went to university.
 ________________________________________________________________
6. No one could leave the stadium until 2.30
 ________________________________________________________________

7. She wasn’t allowed to open her presents until her birthday.
 ________________________________________________________________
8. We didn’t have any holidays until last summer.
 ________________________________________________________________
9. She didn’t stop learning German until the age of 24.
 ________________________________________________________________
10. I couldn’t finish my project until Mark helped me.
 ________________________________________________________________


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6. Comparatives and superlatives
Exercise 6: Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning.
1. No houses in Hoi An are as old as the Tan Ky House.
>>The Tan Ky House……
2. The blue whale is the biggest of all animals.
>>No animal . . . . .
3. Khanh Ha is the best singer in her time.
>>Khanh Ha …than any….
4. Helen doesn’t know so many novels of Shakespeare as I do.
>> Hellen knows…than…
5. Jim has more opportunities to play tennis than me.
>>I don’t ……..
6. John drives more carefully than Peter.
>> Peter ……
7. She is the most intelligent student in my class.
>> No one ………
8. Peter studies English better than I.
>> I ……….

9. He is a better player than we are.
>> We don’t …….
10. I didn’t spend as much money as you.
>> I ………
7. Wh-questions
Exercise 7 : Make Wh-questions from the underlined word or phrase:
Ex: 0. He is doing homework.
 - What is he doing ?
1. There are fifty –two students in my class.
 ________________________________________________________________
2. A serious accident happened yesterday.
 ________________________________________________________________
3. We prefer pop music to classical music.
 ________________________________________________________________
4. My brother goes to school by bike.
 ________________________________________________________________
5. It’s Mr. Dawson’s car.
 ________________________________________________________________
6. It takes two hours to ride to Vung Tau by car.
 ________________________________________________________________
7. He was absent from school because he felt sick.
 ________________________________________________________________
8. My mother is cooking in the kitchen.
 ________________________________________________________________
9. I like Rock and roll.
 ________________________________________________________________
8. Articles: a / an and the


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Exercise 8. Put ‘a(n) or the’ in the blanks.
1. My mother goes to church in ________ morning
2. There are billions of stars in ________sky.
3. My daughter plays _____ piano very well
4. Mrs. Lan went to _____ school to meet her son’s daughter.
5. Sandra works at a big hospital. She’s _______nurse
6. What is __________highest mountain in__________world?
7. I have __________dog and_________cat. ________dog never bites_________ cat but
_______cat often scratches_________dog.
8. Would you like_________apple?
9.When you turn into Quang Trung road, you will see three houses._________red
one,________blue one and_________white one. I live in _________white one
10. Have you finished reading __________book I lent you last week?
9. Will vs. be going to
1. A: The ceiling in this room doesn’t look very safe, does it?
B: No, it looks as if ………………………………………… down (it/fall)
2. A: Why are you turning on the television?
B: I …………………….. the news. (I/watch)
3. A : I’ve decided to repaint this house.
B : Oh, really ? What color ________________________ it ? ( you / paint )
4. A : Where are you going? Are you going shopping?
B : Yes, …………………something for lunch. ( I / buy)
5 . A : I don’t know how to use this camera.
B: Really! ……………………you. ( I / show)
6. A: what would you like to drink?
B: ………………………a cup of tea , please. (I / have)
7. I _______________________ a party. I have already invited my friends. ( have )
8. Peter ______________________ 15 next Wednesday. ( be )
9. A: The ceiling in this room doesn’t look very safe, does it?
B: No, it looks as if ………………………………………… down (it/fall)

10. A: Why are you turning on the television?
B: I …………………….. the news. (I/watch)
10. Comparative - Superlative
Exercise 10 Choose the right forms in these sentences.
1. Is your house much further/ farther?
2. Who is the oldest/ eldest in this class?
3. Your driving is worse/ worst than mine.
4. Have you heard the last/ latest news?
5. We have no further/ farther information.
6. His last/ latest words were: 'The end'.
7. Tracy spends less/ lesser on clothes than Laura does.
8. His English is gooder / better than mine.
9. It's the better/ best in the shoe.
10. Jane is older/ elder than I am.
Complete the text with the comparative or superlative of the adjectives in brackets.
California is (1)_.................(famous) state in the USA. It isn’t (2).......... (big) state; that's
Alaska. But it's got (3)...............(large) population and it's certainly (4)...............(important) state
for the US economy. It's (5) ..............(rich) than most countries in the world. The coast has one of
(6) .............._(good) climates in. the USA; it’s (7) ..............(warm) and (8) ..............(dry) than most
place. Some people would also say it's (9) ..............(beautiful) states ! But California has some


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problems; Los Angeles has one of (10).......... crime rate of any US city.