Manufacturing and Environmental Management from the Standpoint of Management of Technology

10/2/2012

Manufacturing and Environmental Management from the 
Standpoint of Management of Technology
JSPS Asian CORE Program Seminar (S‐2)
Sustainable Manufacturing and Environmental Management
October 6, 2012

研究拠点機関：名古屋大学
(研究基地学校名)

Hanoi, Vietnam

相手国（地域）・機関：
(合作国家(地区) ・学校名)

Soemon Takakuwa

中国：北京大学
北京大学

Nagoya University
Coordinator

（協力）天津大学､北京理工大学、西南交通大学

日本学術振興会

●

Asian CORE Program： Schematic Drawing

北京大学（中国）

300

Manufacturing and Environmental Management

北京理工大学（中国）
清華大学（中国）
対外経済貿易大学（中国）

●
＜Manufacturing＞ ●
●
陝西師範大学（中国）

●
西南交通大学（中国）

Joint research
忠南大学（韓国）

天津大学（中国）
南開大学（中国）

●

北海道大学

◎

●

東京大学

復旦大学（中国）

神戸大学

＜Teleconference＞

名古屋大学（日本）

京都大学
大阪市立大学

＜Workshop＞

＜Environment＞

● ●

250
Other contries
UK

200

Canada
Germany

150

India
Japan
p
100

Russia
China

50

America

海南大学（中国）

ベトナム国家大学（ベトナム）

＜Seminar/Symposium＞

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

(Source: The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan)

参加機関

南洋理工大学（シンガ
ポール）

0
1971

Change of CO2 Emission in the World

拠点機関・協力機関

●

CO2 emission (exccluding fuel for vessels and aircrafts)

モンゴル国立大学
（モンゴル）

100

250

Technology
(230)

6%

75

Industry

7%

Transportation

Transportation 63

200
91
Industry
Agriculture

Industry
(77)

36%

14%

14

150
Advanced
agriculture
(26)

50
Hunting
Primitive (5)
(2)
2
3

4
4

7

Discovering
fire

Fire and
livestock
energy

66
Household
Service

32

18%

12

4
6
Bar graph:
Energy
100,000 5000 1000 1A.D. 1000
consumption
1,000,000
per capital
(1000 kal)

Household

25

24

1

Early
agriculture
(12)

7

1600 1700

Charcoal, water wheel,
windmill, horsepower
energy

1800

Food 10

1900

Coal

Curved line: world's
energy consumption
In terms of oil (1 million
barrels/days)

Service

19%

Energy
transformation
Others

Oil

Change of Energy Consumption

Breakdown of the source of CO2 Emission in Japan (as of 2007)

(Source: Ministry of Environmnent (MOT), Japan – modified)

(source: “Annual Report on the Environment, the Sound Material-Cycle Society and the Biodiversity in Japan ” MOE Japan)

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10/2/2012

Implementation framework of
research and educational plans

Climate change and energy/resources
Manufacturing and environmental management in east Asia
○The manufacturing industry in the Chubu Region (the central region of Japan) dominates
in the world.
○The east Asian countries have been achieving remarkable economic growth.
○The environmental and the resources problems have been highlighted.

○ The bases of
manufacturing
shifting to the east
A i countries
Asian
ti

Recent trends
○Introducing Japanese management of
manufacturing to manufacturers in the east Asian

countries
○The destruction of the environment
○Government, industry, and the citizens circles
coping with environmental problems in each
country
○Ex-students at Japanese universities being active
in the various fields in the east Asian countries

○Indispensable
relationship between
manufacturing and
environment

The necessities of the collaboration:
○To promote both research and education together with the institutions in the east Asian countries for
finding the solutions to the Asian-wide problems.
○To produce teaching materials of manufacturing and environmental management, and to increase
the awareness of the environment for students through education

Sustainable society

Drastically reduce 
greenhouse gas 
emissions

Achieve  sustainable economic 
growth and development 
while remaining in harmony 
with the global ecosystem

Reduce, reuse, and 
recycle resources 
(3Rs)

Recycling‐
oriented society

Low‐carbon 
society
Climate change and ecosystems

Ecosystems and environmental burden

Environmentally‐friendly society
Enable people to enjoy the rich 
abundance of nature for generations 
to come

Source: Leading Environmental Nation Strategy in the 21st Century –Japan’s Strategy for a Sustainable Society (approved by the Cabinet June 1, 2007)

Socio‐environmental management
–from Management Point of View‐
1. Sustainable development
The integration of its economic, environmental and social 
components at all levels. 

2. Extended producer responsibility (ERP)
An environmental policy approach in which a producer’s 
responsibility for a product is extended to the post‐
consumer stage of a product’s life cycle.  （ OECD ）

3. Environmental management
Decrease in the burden on the environment from business 
activities 

Global Environmental Issues

Air Pollution
Offensive odor
FACTORY

Soil contamination caused
by dumping waste illegally

PRIVATE HOUSE

Discharge to small
river or sewers

Noise
OFFICE

Vibration
Discharge to soil

Discharge to the water source
(river, pond/lake, ocean)
Pollution; Manufacturing and Environmental Problems

Groundwater pollution

Recycling-oriented society
(Source: Ministry of Environmnent (MOT), Japan – modified)

(source:Dr. Ibusuki (JEMAI))

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10/2/2012

Factory Location Law


Port and Harbor
Law
Building
Standards Law
Air Pollution Control
Law

Waste Disposal and
Public Cleaning Law

Offensive Odor Control Law

Water Pollution
Control Law

Noise Regulation Law

＜Outline of Environmental Regulation on Factories＞

Vibration Regulation Law

Framework of environmental law
(Source: Ministry of Environment (MOT), Japan – modified)

Source: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (MEIT), Japan

Create         
Environmental initiatives must be carried out by a full spectrum of socioeconomic actors 
(particularly by the small‐ and medium‐sized institutions that form the backbone of Japan’s 
industry)

Proactive environmental initiatives are carried out, including efforts to boost energy efficiency, 
conserve natural resources, and reduce waste in the course of business activities and offer more 
environmentally‐friendly products and services

Energy Conservation Law, Japan
Source: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (MEIT), Japan

Environmental management systems are 
required to help companies promote and 
manage environmental initiatives that are 
efficient, effective, and ongoing

Requires environmental communication: 
companies that are properly carrying out 

initiatives must fulfill their social obligation to 
explain these activities and have them 
evaluated by society

Environmental management systems that are 
easy for a broad range of companies and 
organizations to adopt

Environmental activity reports (environmental 
reports) that are easy for a broad range of 
companies and organizations to create

EcoAction 21 Guidelines         
    

Purpose and overview of EcoAction 21

Example 
business 
activities

Identification of 
environmental 
burden (self‐check)

Environment
al initiatives 
(self‐check)

Use of fossil fuels in air 

conditioning systems or 
boilers

Greenhouse gas (CO2) emissions
Electricity purchased, incineration 
of fossil fuels, waste oil, waste 
plastics, etc.

Restrict CO2 emissions

Waste generated at shops 
or during the production 
process

Waste generated
Business waste, industrial waste, 
etc.

Restrict waste disposal, 
recycle

Water drained from
Water drained from 
plants or other facilities

Total water drainage
Total
water drainage
Discharge into sewers or public 
waters

Effluent treatment
Effluent treatment

Water consumption 
during manufacturing 
processes

Water usage
City waters, industrial waters, 
groundwater, etc.

Conserve water, use water 
more efficiently

Chemical substances used 
in products as raw 
materials or during the 
manufacturing 
process(e.g. during 
washing or coating)

Chemical substances usage
Substances covered by the PRTR 
program

Restrict and manage 
chemical substance usage

(source: EcoAction 21 Japan)

Quiz
I have a car; its fuel consumption is 10 km/l. Suppose
that I drive my car with my friend to go to a city where
the distance is 100 km away from here.
How much would CO2 emissions be expected to go to
the city one way per one person?
(Hints) 
‐ Specific gravity of gasoline is 0.75.
‐ Weight of carbon contained in 1 kg of gasoline is 0.85 kg.
‐ Atomic weight of carbon (C) and oxygen (O) are 12 and 16, respectively. 

Business activities and environmental burden items (source: EcoAction 21 Japan)

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10/2/2012

Sample Environmental Efficiency Indicators
Production output or net sales volume (yen)
CO2 emissions (tons)
Value added
Waste generated (tons)
Waste
generated (tons)
Value added
CO2 emissions (tons)
Value added: (1) subtracting the cost of materials and other inputs (outside 
purchases) from net sales volume, or (2) adding operating profit, labor 

costs, and depreciation expenses.
(Source: Ministry of Environment, Environmental Reporting Guidelines 2007.)

(source: EcoAction 21 Japan)

Environmental Accounting:
Combining Environmental and Economic Activities
as a Basic Tool for Environmental Management
“from the cradle to the grave”
Environmental Management Accounting:
Specialized in internal management of a company
For reports to executives and managers
For reports to executives and managers
Used for internal management of a company
(e.g. Material Flow Cost Accounting)
External Environmental Accounting:
Specialized in external reporting
For reports to external stakeholders
(corporate evaluation, etc.)

Manufacturing Activities

Social Cost

(Source: EMA Workbook, METI, Japan)

Comprehensive Management of Technology
(Source: Japan Society of P.E.)

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10/2/2012

JSPS Asian CORE Program Seminar
年度

セミナー番号

実施日

場所

S-1

2008年10月04日～05日

Peking University, CHINA

S-2

2008年12月26日～28日

Nagoya University, JAPAN

S-3

2009年3月27日～29日

Beijing Institute of Technology, CHINA

S-1

2009年9月24日～25日

Marco Polo Parkside Hotel, CHINA

S-2

2009年11月21日～23日

Nagoya University, JAPAN

Management of Manufacturing and
Technology in East Asia (Part 1)

S-3

2010年1月04日～06日

Hainan University, CHINA

Management of Manufacturing and
Technology in East Asia (Part 2)

S-1

2010年5月05日～08日

Nankai University, CHINA

Manufacturing and Technology
Management in East Asia (Part 1)

S-2

2010年5月29日～06月03日

Fudan University, Shaanxi Normal
University, CHINA

S-3

2010年10月17日

Nagoya University, JAPAN

2008年度

2009年度

2010年度

セミナー／シンポジウム テーマ

International Seminar on Environmental
Cooperation between China and Japan
International Seminar on Manufacturing
Management and Environmental
Management

International Seminar on ICT,
Manufacturing Management and
Environmental Management
International Seminar on Low-Carbon
Economy

Toward to Low-carbon Economic
Development in Asia
Building a Low-Carbon Society:
Environment Management and
International Cooperation

S-4

2010年12月21－22日

nabyang Technological Univdrsity,
SINGAPORE

Low-Carbon Economy and Manufacturing
in Asia

S-5

2011年1月29－30日

Nagoya University, JAPAN

Manufacturing and Environmental
Management

S-1

2011年10月20－22日

Chungnam National University, KOREA

Manufacturing and Environmental
Management in East Asia

S-2

2012年1月20－21日

Meiji University, JAPAN

Manufacturing and Environmental
Management under Low-carbon Society

2011年度

Major Books 
published or to be published by FY2012
1. 「低炭素経済学」（日）
「低碳经济学」（中） 社会科学文献出版社
「Low‐carbon Economics」（英）
2. 「東アジアにおける技術マネジメント」（日）中央経済社
「东亚地区的生产与技术管理」(中) 科学出版社
3. 「モノづくりと環境のマネジメント」（日） 中央経済社
「Manufacturing and Environmental Management」（英）Vietnam National 

University Press

Full Papers with acknowledgments for JSPS Asian CORE program: 120+

Manufacturing and Environmental Management
Contents
Chapter 1 Manufacturing and Environmental Management from the Standpoint of Management of Technology
1 Manufacturing and Environmental Problems
2 Environmental Management from the standpoint of Management of Technology
3 Some Approaches to Environmental Problems
Chapter 2 Environmental Problems and Environmental Policies in Japan
1 JEMAI Activities for Supporting Environmental Management in Industry, Responding to Industrial Pollution
to Global Warming
2 Environmental Policies and Environmental Business in Japan
Chapter 3 Management of Energy Conservation and EC Law
Chapter 4 Management of Chemical Substances
1 SAICM and the Challenge of Chemicals Management
2 Voluntary Management of VOC Emission Control at Monodzukuri Cleaning Processes –Application of
EVABAT in VOC Risk Management
3 Management Corresponding to RoHS in Home Electrical Appliances
Chapter 5 Manufacturing and Life Cycle Assessment
Chapter 6 Some Approaches to Reduction of Environmental Loading in Logistics and Supply Chain
1 Green Logistics Policies in Japan
2 Designs and Challenges in Closed-Loop and Low Carbon Supply Chains for Sustainability
Chapter 7 Environmental Management System
1 The Outline of ISO14000 Series
2 Japan’s EcoAction 21 Guideline, and Certification and Registration
Chapter 8 Material Flow Cost Accounting
1 Significance and International Standardization of Material Flow Cost Accounting
2 Introduction of Material Flow Cost Accounting into the supply chain

Chapter 9 Voluntary Action Plans of Japan’s Industries on a Low Carbon Society
1 Nippon Keidanren Voluntary Action Plan on the Environment and a Low Carbon Society
2 Action Plan of The Industries of Electrical and Electronic on a Low Carbon Society
Chapter 10 Environmental Management
1 Toyota Environment Actions
2 JICA’s Efforts in Environmental Management in East Asia
3 Corporate Manufacturing and Environmental Management: Examples of Industry-Academia-Government
Alliances, and Collaboration with NPOs

5