TOM LUOT KIEN THUC NGU PHAP TIENG ANH 12

TÓM LƯỢT KIẾN THỨC NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12 – ÔN THI THPT

Ms. Trúc

UNIT 1:
SOUNDS
THE PRONUNCIATIONS OF ENDING “S/ES” AND “ED
A-THEORY:
I. CÁCH PHÁT ÂM -S/-ES
- Có 3 cách phát âm –s hoặc –es tận cùng.
* /iz/ với những từ có âm cuối là / x, s, ch, sh, z, ge, ce / EX: buses, watches, roses…
* /s/ với những từ có âm cuối là / th, p, ph, k, f, t /
EX: maps, books, photographs, laughs, coughs…
* /z/ với những trường hợp còn lại
EX: bells, eyes, plays, ploughs ….
II. CÁCH PHÁT ÂM –ED
- Có 3 cách phát âm –ed tận cùng.
* /id/ với những từ có âm cuối là / t, d /
EX: wanted, needed, confided ...
* /t/ với những từ có âm cuối là /ch, sh, x, s, k, p, f, ce / EX: looked, laughed, coughed, sacrificed…
* đọc thành âm /d/ với những trường hợp còn lại
EX: played, seemed, planned, ploughs …….
B- EXERCISE:
1. A. recognized
B. organized
C. practiced
D. denied
2. A. dreams
B. heals
C. kills
D. tasks

3. A. comes
B. rolls
C. takes
D. drives
4. A. waited
B. mended
C. objected
D. faced
5. A. roses
B. villages
C. apples
D. matches
6. A. languages
B. rabies
C. assumes
D. consumes
7. A. markedly
B. allegedly
C. needed
D. walked
8. A. succeeds
B. devotes
C. prevents
D. coughs
9. A. kissed
B. helped
C. forced
D. raised
10. A. liked
B. watched

C. helped
D. wicked
11. A. widens
B. referees
C. sacks
D. cancels
12. A. books
B. floors
C. combs
D. drums
13. A. packed
B. punched
C. pleased
D. pushed
14. A. confused
B. faced
C. cried
D. defined
15. A. kissed
B. pleased
C. increased
D. ceased
16. A. devoted
B. suggested
C. provided
D. wished
*Trích đề minh họa 2017
17. A. wanted
B. stopped
C. decided

D. hated
18. A. finished
B. developed
C. defeated
D. looked
19. A. toured
B. jumped
C. solved
D. rained
20. A. played
B. planned
C. cooked
D. lived (đề thi 2017)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------UNIT 2: STRESS
A. THEORY: Một số quy tắc cần nhớ:
1. Đa số các danh từ và tính từ có 2 âm tiết thì trọng âm nhấn vào âm tiết thứ nhất.
2. Đa số các động từ có 2 âm tiết thì trọng âm chính được nhấn vào âm tiết thứ 2.
*Ngoại lệ: Động từ có đuôi: - ER, -EN, -Y, -ISH, -OW thì trọng âm chính rơi vào âm tiết đầu tiên.
EX: ‘offer, ’happen, ’answer, ‘carry, ‘listen, ‘open, ’publish, ’finish, ’follow,…
3. Từ tận cùng là các đuôi : -ee, -een, -ese, -eer, -ique, -oo, -oon … →trọng âm nhấn vào chính nó
EX: interview’ee , seven’teen, Japa’nese, engi’neer, tech’nique, kanga’roo, after’noon...
4. Các từ tận cùng là đuôi: -ial, -ian, -ious/ -eous, -ic, -ics,-tion, -sion...→trọng âm nhấn vào âm thứ 2 từ
cuối lên.
EX: fi’nancial, mu’sician, advan’tageous, eco’nomic, sta’tistics, pol’lution,...
5. Đa số các từ có 4 âm tiết trở lên thì trọng âm rơi vào âm 3 từ sau tính tới.
EX: a’bility, e’conomy, bi’ologist, ge’ography….
6. Đa số các tiền tố, hậu tố không làm thay đổi trọng âm của từ gốc
EX: ‘happy →un’happy, at’tract → at’tractive,….

TÓM LƯỢT KIẾN THỨC NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12 – ÔN THI THPT

Ms. Trúc

B. EXERCISES: Choose the word that has main stress placed differently from the others
1. A. around
B. surface
C. because
D. divide
2. A. open
B. careful
C. destroy
D. modern
3. A. conquer
B. become
C. appear
D. attract
4. A. morning
B. happy
C. arrive
D. question
5. A. special
B. return
C. during
D. nothing
6. A. humor
B. hurry
C. program
D. become
7. A. accept

B. children
C. husband
D. rubbish
8. A. enjoy
B. finish
C. destroy
D. advise
9. A. support
B. follow
C. repeat
D. receive
10. A. appeal
B. respect
C. prevent
D. answer
11. A. construction B. suggestion
C. accurate
D. romantic
12. A. dedicate
B. impressive
C. reminder
D. descendant
13. A. remember
B. company
C. technical
D. interview
14. A. electric
B. confident
C. develop
D. fantastic

15. A. domestic
B. investment
C. substantial
D. undergo
*Trích đề minh họa 2017
16. A. offer
B. canoe
C. country
D. standard
17. A. pollution
B. computer
C. currency
D. allowance
18. A. bamboo
B. forget
C. deserve
D. channel
19. A. endanger
B. furniture
C. determine
D. departure
20. A. financial
B. fortunate
C. marvelous
D. physical
21. A. prepare
B. survive
C. finish
D. appeal
*Trích đề thi 2017

22. A. teacher
B. lesson
C. action
D. police
23. A. importance
B. happiness
C. employment
D. relation
24. A. answer
B. future
C. singer
D. reply
25. A. effective
B. national
C. difficult
D. popular
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------UNIT 3: TENSES
A. THEORY:
TENSES (Thì)
1.SIMPLE
PRESENT
(Hiện tại đơn)
2. PRESENT
CONTINUOUS
(Hiện tại tiếp
diễn)
3. PRESENT
PERFECT
(Hiện tại hoàn
thành)

4. PRESENT
PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
(Hiện tại hoàn
thành tiếp diễn)
5. PAST

FORM ( Công thức)
TOBE: →S + is/am/are
VERB: →S + Vo/Vs/es
S + do/does + not + Vo
Do/Does + S + Vo…?

SIGNALS (Dấu hiệu)
- every (day/morning/week/….)
- always, usually, often, sometimes,
seldom/ rarely, never
- once/twice a week..
- now, right now
- at the moment, at present
-Look! ; Be quiet! …..

USE (Cách dùng)
- Thói quen / sự thật
ở hiện tại
- Chân lý

HAVE/HAS + BEEN + V-ING

- for + khoảng TG (2 hours, 5 years…)

- since + mốc TG (2000/ last year…)

-Hành động đang
diễn ra ở hiện tại.
-Kế hoạch cụ thể
-HĐ xảy ra trong QK
nhưng ko xác định rõ
t.gian.
-HĐ lặp lại nhiều lần.
-HĐ xảy ra trong
QK→HT→TLai.
-HĐ bắt đầu trong
quá khứ & kéo dài
liên tục đến hiện tại

TOBE: →S + was/were

- yesterday

-HĐ đã xảy ra &

IS/AM/ARE + V-ING

HAVE/HAS + Vp.p

- for + khoảng TG (2 years/ a long time)
- since + mốc TG (2000/ last year…)
- just, recently, lately, already, yet
- never*, ever, three/several times…
- so far =up to now= up to the present

TÓM LƯỢT KIẾN THỨC NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12 – ÔN THI THPT

SIMPLE
(Quá khứ đơn)

6.PAST
CONTINUOUS
(Quá khứ tiếp
diễn)
7.PAST
PERFECT
(Quá khứ hoàn
thành)
8.PAST
PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
(QKHT tiếp
diễn)
9.SIMPLE
FUTURE
(Tương lai đơn)
10.FUTURE
CONTINUOUS
(TL tiếp diễn)
11.FUTRUE
PERFECT
(TL hoàn thành)

VERB: →S + Ved/2
S + did + NOT + Vo
Did + S + Vo…?

WAS/WERE + V-ING

HAD + Vpp

HAD + BEEN+ V-ING

WILL + Vo
(I/We + will/shall + Vo)

WILL + BE +V-ING
WILL + HAVE + Vpp

- last (last night/week/month/year..)
- ago (2 days ago, 3 months ago…)
- in + năm QK (in 1990…)
- from 1990 to 2003
- when I was young/ a little boy…
- at 7 p.m last night
- at that time, at this time yesterday…
- While +QKTD, QKTD
(2 HĐ //)
While +QKTD, QKĐ (1 đang, 1 xen)
- When QKĐ, QKTD
(1 xen, 1 đang)
- When QKTD, QKĐ
(1 đang, 1 xen)

- by/ before + năm qk ( by 2000,…)
- After + QKHT, QKĐ
- By the time/ Before + QKĐ, QKHT
-When +QKĐ, QKHT. (1 sau- 1 trước)
When
- Before + QKĐ, QKHTTD + for/since
By the time
- tomorrow, next (week/month/year…)
- someday, soon
- in the future, in 2030…
- TLĐ + When/ Before/Until.. + HTĐ

- at this time next week
- at 3 p.m. tomorrow
- by + mốc t.gian TL( by next year…)
- by then
-By the time + HTĐ, TLHT

B. EXERCISE:
1. My little sister ______ “sleeping Beauty” several times.
A. watches
B. is watching
C. has watched
D. watched
2. The child ______ before the doctor arrived.
A. died
B. had died
C. has died
D. was dying
3. The secretary ______ the report by 10.00 yesterday.

A. hadn’t finished B. hasn’t finished
C. didn’t finish
D. would finish
4. Jane’s eyes are red. She ______.
A. cried
B. has cried
C. has been crying
D. had cried
5. There is a strange smell in here. Mother ______ something.
A. cooks
B. is cooking
C. will cook
D. has cooked
6. Last night Tina ______ in bed when suddenly she heard a scream.
A. read
B. was reading
C. has read
D. had read
7. While mother ______ dinner, the phone rang.
A. cooked
B. had cooked
C. has cooked
D. was cooking
8. When I arrived at the party, Martha ______ home already.
A. went
B. have gone
C. had gone
D. would go
9. Almost everyone _____________ for home by the time we arrived.
A. has left

B. left
C. leaves
D. had left.
10. As soon as he __________ a certificate in English, he will apply for a job.
A. would get
B. got
C. gets
D. will get

Ms. Trúc
chấm dứt trong QK
có thời gian xác định

- HĐ đang xảy ra tại
1 thời điểm xác định
trong QK
- 2 HĐ //
- 1 HĐ đang diễn ra
thì 1 HĐ khác xen
vào.
- HĐ xảy ra trước
1 tgian/ 1 HĐ khác
trong QK
- 1 HĐ xảy ra và kéo
dài đến khi HĐ thứ 2
xảy ra trong QK
-HĐ sẽ xảy ra trong
tương lai
- Dự đoán ko có cơ
sở

- Lời hứa, sự sẵn
lòng..
-HĐ sẽ xảy ra tại một
thời điểm xác định
trong TL
-HĐ sẽ hoàn tất vào 1
thời điểm ở TL


TÓM LƯỢT KIẾN THỨC NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12 – ÔN THI THPT

Ms. Trúc

11. By the end of next year, George __________ English for 2 years.
A. will have learned
B. will learn C. has learned
D. would learn
12. I hope they __________ this road by the time we come back next summer.
A. will have repaired
B. have repaired
C. repair
D. repaired
13. She is tired now. She ______________ for 3 hours.
A. has been learning
B. has learned
C. learns
D. learned
14. I haven‘t met him again since we ______ school ten years ago.
(Đề minh họa 2017)
A. have left

B. leave
C. left
D. had left
15. For the last 20 years, we significant changes in the world of science and technology. (Đề minh họa 2017)
A. witness
B. have witnessed
C. witnessed
D. are witnessing
16. My best friend, Lan, ______ to England 10 years ago.
(Đề minh họa 2017)
A. was moving
B. moves
C. moved
D. has moved
17. Lan ______ learning English a few years ago.
A. will start
B. started
C. is starting
D. starts (Đề thi 2017)
18. I haven't visited my hometown for a few years. (Đề thi 2017)
A. I was in my hometown for a few years.
B. I last visited my hometown a few years ago.
C. I didn't visit my hometown a few years ago.
D. I have been in my hometown for a few years.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------UNIT 4: PASSIVE VOICE
A.THEORY:
Khi làm bài tập trắc nghiệm phần bị động, các em cần chú ý chủ ngữ trong câu. Đa số chủ ngữ chỉ vật thì câu
thường mang nghĩa bị động. Vì vậy, cần nắm vững cả cấu trúc chủ động và bị động của động từ để chọn phương
án phù hợp nhất.
*PASSIVE VOICE: (Căn bản)

TENSES (Các thì)
ACTIVE (Chủ động)
PASSIVE (Bị động)
Hiện tại đơn
Vo/ Vs/es
is/am/are + Ved/3
Quá khứ đơn
Ved/2
was/were + Ved/3
Hiện tại tiếp diễn
is/am/are + V-ing
is/am/are + being + Ved/3
Quá khứ tiếp diễn
was/were + V-ing
was/were + being + Ved/3
Hiện tại hoàn thành
have/ has + Ved/3
have/ has + been + Ved/3
Quá khứ hoàn thành
had + Ved/3
had + been + Ved/3
Modal Verb( will/shall can/
MV + Vo
MV + be + Ved/3
should/ must/may..
Be going to
is/am/are going to + Vo
is/am/are going to + be +Ved/3
Tương lai hoàn thành
will +have + Ved/3

will + have + been +Ved/3
*DẠNG ĐẶC BIỆT:
1. Động từ chỉ quan điểm, ý kiến: (say, think, report, believe, rumor, expect …)
Active: S1 + V1 + (that) + S2 + V2
EX: People think that she is very rich.
1
Passive: It + is/was + V ed/3 + that + S2 + V2
→ It is thought that she is very rich.
S2 + be + V1ed/3 + V2to-inf
(V1 cùng thì V2)
→ She is thought to be very rich.
2
to have V ed/3 (V2 xảy ra trước V1) EX: People said that he had gone abroad.
→It was said that he had gone abroad.
→He was said that to have gone abroad.
2. Thể nhờ bảo: (HAVE/GET)
have + O người + Vo
EX: I had him repair my bicycle yesterday
get + O người + to-inf
EX: I get her to make some coffee.
have /get + O vật + Ved/3
EX: I had/got my bicycle repaired yesterday.
B. EXERCISE:
1. The old man is said…………….all his money to an old people’s home when he died.
A. to leave
B. to leaving
C. have left
D. to have left.

TÓM LƯỢT KIẾN THỨC NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12 – ÔN THI THPT

Ms. Trúc

2. Renoir’s paintings ……….. masterpieces all over the world.
A. had considered
B. are considered
C. are considering
D. consider.
3. He was advised…………singing lessons.
A. take
B. taken
C. taking
D. to take.
4. You’d better get someone…………your living room.
A. redecorate
B. redecorated
C. to redecorate
D. redecorating.
5. Those letters _________ now. You can do the typing later.
A. need typing
B. needn't be typed
C. need to type
D. needn't typing
6. This church was said __________ in the 19th century.
A. to build
B. to be built
C. to have been built D. being built
7. They had the chair __________by the neighbor.
A. to mend

B. mended
C. mend
D. mending
8. I was made __________ all the plates last night.
A. to clean
B. clean
C. to be cleaned
D. cleaning
9. We can’t go along here because the road........................
A. is repairing
B. is repaired
C. is being repaired
D. repairs
10. Many US automobiles_________ in Detroit, Michigan
A. manufacture B. have manufactured C. are manufactured
D. are manufacturing
11. Today, many serious childhood diseases_________ by early immunization.
A. are preventing
B. can prevent
C. prevent
D. can be prevented
12. Bicycles_________ in the driveway.
A. must not leave
B. must not be leaving
C. must not be left
D. must not have left
Trích từ các đề thi
13. She was overjoyed because her article ____________.
(đề thi 2013)
A. had published

B. has published
C. has been published
D. had been published
14. The headmaster has decided that three lecture halls ____________ in our school next semester. (đề thi 2015)
A. will be building B. will build
C. are being built
D. will be built.
15. New sources of energy have been looking for as the number of fossil fuels continues to decrease. (đề 2016)
A
B
C
D
16. Richard, my neighbor, _____________ in World War II.
(Đề minh họa 2017)
A. says to fight
B. says to have fought
C. is said to fight
D. is said to have fought
17. Her fiancé is said_______________ from Harvard University five years ago. (Đề minh họa 2017)
A. having graduated B. to have graduated
C. being graduated D. to be graduated
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------UNIT 5: WORD FORM
A.THEORY:
I/. MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC NHẬN DIỆN LOẠI TỪ THƯỜNG GẶP:
1.
a/ an/ the/ this/ that/these/ those…
Ex:
my/ her/ his/our/their/your/ Mary’s + (ADJ) + N
She is a beautiful girl.
many/ some/ ten/ a lot of…

She has written many romantic novels.
in/ on/ of/ with…
2. S + BE + ADJ
Ex: Learning English is interesting.
3. S + BECOME/ LOOK/ SEEM + ADJ
Ex: He became famous at the age of six.
4. S + VERB + (O) + ADV
Ex: She speaks English fluently.
5. S + BE + ADV + Ved/3
Ex: The date of the meeting was carefully chosen.
6. S + BE + ADV + ADJ
Ex: Your story is very interesting.
7. S + MAKE, KEEP, FIND + O + ADJ
Ex: We should keep our room clean.
8. Đại từ bất định (something, someone, anything, anybody, everything, nobody…) + ADJ
Ex: Do you have anything important to tell me?


TÓM LƯỢT KIẾN THỨC NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12 – ÔN THI THPT

`

Ms. Trúc

9. Danh từ chỉ sự đo lường, tuổi tác + (adj)
Ex: This table is two meters long. He’s twenty years old.
II/ NHẬN DIỆN TỪ LOẠI:
Thông thường chúng ta phải hiểu nghĩa & chức năng của các từ loại, tuy nhiên trong một số trường hợp có thể
nhận biết từ loại cần chọn ở chỗ trống nhờ vào việc nhận diện một số đuôi thường gặp sau.
1. Danh từ (N):

- Chỉ vật: -TION/ -SION/ -MENT/ -ITY/ -NESS/ -ANCE/ -ENCE/ -DOM/ -SHIP/ -AGE/ -ISM/ -ING
Ex: permission, employment, responsibility, attendance, marriage, happiness,…
- Chỉ người: -ER/ -OR/ -EE/ -ANT/ -IST/ -AN/ -IAN
Ex:driver, actor, interviewee, applicant, scientist, musician…
- THE + ADJ (tạo thành danh từ tập hợp)
Ex: the poor, the rich, the old…
2. Động từ (V): -IZE, -EN, -ATE, -FY
Ex: industrialize, modernize, widen, lengthen, originate, beautify….
3. Tính từ (ADJ): -FUL, -IC, -IVE, -ABLE/ -IBLE, -LESS, -Y, -LIKE, -AL, -ISH,
Ex: peaceful, scientific, attractive, acceptable, defensible, treeless, rainy, childlike, agricultural, selfish…
4. Trạng từ (ADV): Phần lớn
ADJ + LY →ADV
Ex: slowly, carefully, safely, attractively, …

B.EXERCISE: Choose the best answer:
1. As an _______, Mr. Pike is very worried about the increasing of juvenile delinquency.
A. educate
B. education
C. educator
D. educative
2. He was the only _______ that was offered the job.
A. apply
B. application
C. applicant
D. applying
3. Many people have objected to the use of animals in _____ experiments.
A. science
B. scientist
C. scientific
D. scientifically

4. A / an _______ species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct.
A. dangerous
B. endanger
C. endangered
D. endangerment
5. Almost half of turtles and tortoises are known to be threatened with ____.
A. extinct
B. extinction
C. extinctive
D. extinctly
6. They are going to _______ the pool to 1.8 meter.
A. deep
B. depth
C. deepen
D. Deeply
7. The success of the 22nd SEA Games had a great contribution of many _______ volunteers.
A. support
B. supporter
C. supportive
D. supportively
8. He was so _______ that he could not even say a word.
A. nerve
B. nerves
C. nervous
D. nervously
9. I am really _______ in the way he talks, but the way he behaves.
A. interest
B. interested
C. interesting
D. Interestingly

10. The road has just been ______ for better flows of traffic.
A. width
B. wide
C. widely
D. widened
11. She wants to look ______ in her wedding reception.
A. natural
B. naturally
C. nature
D. natured
12. Scientific progress supplies us with ______ such as washing machines, tractors,….
A. convenient
B. conveniences
C. inconvenience
D. inconveniences
13. Thanks to labor-saving devices, women have more time to take part in _______ activities.
A. society
B. social
C. socially
D. Socialize
14. Some people tend to view foreigners with_________.
A. suspiciously
B. suspect
C. suspicious
D. suspicion
15. We must do it_________ otherwise it will be too late!
A. lately
B. slowly
C. immediately
D. finally

Trích đề minh họa 2017
16. Tom is getting ever keener on doing research on ______.
A. biology
B. biological
C. biologist
D. biologically


TÓM LƯỢT KIẾN THỨC NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12 – ÔN THI THPT

Ms. Trúc

17. Many people and organizations have been making every possible effort in order to save _____ species.
A. endangered
B. dangerous
C. fearful
D. threatening
18. They are always_________________ of what their children do.
A. support

B. supporting

C. supportive

D. supportively

19. In the past, students were limited to their school’s ___________ of books.
A. select
B. selective
C. selectively

D. selection
20. The mobile phone is an effective means of ______ in the world nowadays.
A. communicated
B. communication
C. communicate
D. communicative
21. In Vietnam, children begin their primary ______ at the age of six. (Đề thi 2017)
A. educate
B. education
C. educational
D. educationally
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

UNIT 6: S-V AGREEMENT
A.THEORY:
QUY TẮC CHUNG:
1. Chủ ngữ số ít + V chia số ít ( Thường gặp: be→ is/was, V-s/es / (does), has )
2. Chủ ngữ số nhiều + Vchia số nhiều (Thường gặp --- be: are/were, Vo/ (do), have)
3. Danh từ + -s/es: là danh từ số nhiều (trừ một vài ngoại lệ ở 5*)
ĐỘNG TỪ CHIA SỐ ÍT
1. Danh từ số ít, không đếm được
(Water, food, milk,…...)
Eg. Milk is good for your health.
2. Mệnh đề danh từ, V-ING hoặc TO.INF
eg. What he told was interesting.
Learning English is difficult.
To fly in the space is her dream
3. Each/ every/ either/ neither/ one.
+ each/every/either/neither/one + danh từ SỐ ÍT
+ each/every/either/neither/one + OF danh từ SỐ

NHIỀU
Chú ý: CÓ OF THÌ PHẢI CÓ THE/TTSH
Each of THE students HAS a book.

ĐỘNG TỪ CHIA SỐ NHIỀU
1. And
eg: Water and oil don’t mix.
The professor and the secretary are coming. (2 ng #)
(Lưu ý: Nếu 2 d.từ cùng chỉ 1 người/vật→ V chia số ít )
eg: The professor and secretary is coming. (1 ng.)
2. Both...and
Eg. Both Lan and Nam are students
3. a few, few, both, some , a lot of, most, many, plenty
of, all, several, + danh từ số nhiều
A few books I read ARE famous.
Many students ARE hard-working.

4. + Some/Any/Every/No + Thing/One/Body
eg. Everything LOOKS bright and clean.
+ số lượng, thờigian, khoảng cách và tiền
eg. Eight hours of sleep IS enough.
Twenty dollars IS too much to pay.

4. The + adj -> N
The rich ARE not always happy.

5. Môn học, tên bệnh và tên quốc gia kết thúc
là ‘s’
news (bản tin), physics (môn lý), ecnomics (kinh
tế học), mathematics (toán), politics (chính trị

học), athletes (môn điền kinh), meales (bệnh sởi),
mumps (bệnh quai bị), the Philipines (nước Phi),
the United States (nước Mỹ)…
Eg. Physics IS more difficult than chemistry.

5*. people (người ta), police (cảnh sát), cattle (súc vật).
women (phụ nữ), men (đàn ông) , children (trẻ em),
bacteria (vi khuẩn), oxen (bò đực)…
Eg. The police have arrested the thieves.


TÓM LƯỢT KIẾN THỨC NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12 – ÔN THI THPT

Ms. Trúc

6. NO + Danh từ số ít
Eg. No student is in the hall

6. NO + Danh từ số nhiều
eg. No students are on the schoolyard.

7. The number of + Danh từ số ít
eg. The number of students in this class IS forty..

7. A number of + Danh từ số nhiều
eg. A number of children LIKE cakes.

8. All / some/ none /plenty/ half/ most/ a lot /
lots + OF+ DT số ít
Eg. A lot of coffee HAS been hot.

8. All / some/ none /plenty/ half/ most/ a lot / lots +
OF+ DT số nhiều
Eg. None of the boys ARE good at English.

CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT
9. V được chia theo chủ ngữ gần nhất (S2)
1. EITHER
S1 OR
S2
2. NEITHER S1 NOR S2
3. NOT ONLY S1 BUT ALSO S2
Eg. Not only my parents but also my sister is here. (chia theo MY SISTER)
S1
S2 V
10. V được chia theo chủ ngữ xa (S1)
1. S1 + WITH, ALONG WITH + S2
2. S1 + TOGETHER WITH + S2
3. S1 + INCLUDED WITH + S2
4. S1 + ACCOMPANIED BY + S2
5. S1 + IN ADDITION TO + S2
6. S1 + AS WELL AS + S2
Eg. The woman WITH all the dogs WALKS down my street. (chia theo THE WOMAN)
S1
S2
V
11. S (N + preposition phrase) + V(theo danh từ)
Ex: The study of languages is very interesting.
12. There + be + N (chia theo danh từ)
Ex: There are 28 students in my class.

B. EXERCISES
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer
1. Tom as well as his dog_____ here now.
A. is
B. are
C. was
2. My old friend and colleague, John, _____ married.
A. has just got
B. have just got
C. just has got
3. The singer and the actor_____ coming now.
A. was
B. were
C. is
4. Mathematics_____ difficult.
A. is
B. are
C. was
5. Two billion dollars_____ not enough for the victims of the tsunami.
A. has
B. were
C. is
6. Every student ______ willing to join the picnic now.
A. is
B. are
C. was
7. The number of students______ increasing now.
A. are
B. was
C. were

8. A number of students ______ playing table - tennis now.

D. were
D. just have got
D. are
D. were
D. are
D. were
D. is


TÓM LƯỢT KIẾN THỨC NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12 – ÔN THI THPT

Ms. Trúc

A. are
B. was
C. were
D. is
9. Physics______ her favorite subject at school.
A. are
B. is
C. were
D. have been
10. The boy, with his two companions, ______ the cherry tree now.
A. has split
B. have split
C. is slitting
D. are splitting
11. The writer and poet______ going to preside over this meeting.

A. are
B. is
C. have been
D. were
12. Neither the mother nor the children______ aware of the danger.
A. were
B. was
C. is
D. has been
13. Each of the boys______ a book now.
A. have
B. has
C. had
D. are having
14. Two-thirds of the money______ mine now.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
15. About fifty per cent of the students in this class ______ from Japan.
A. was
B. were
C. are
D. is
Exercise 2: Find the incorrect part A, B, C and D.
16. Each of the rooms have its own bathroom.
A
B
C D
17. Everybody who have a fever must go home immediately

A B
C
D
18. Twenty five dollars are all I can afford to pay for this recorder
A
B
C
D
19. All of the windows in my house was broken in the earthquake.
A
B
C
D
20. The actress, along with her manager and some friends, are going to the party.
A
B
C
D
Trích đề minh họa 2017
21. Measles are an infectious disease that causes fever and small red spots.
A
B
C
D
22. The number of students attending English courses at our university are increasing.
A
B
C
D
23. Each student have to write a paragraph about the benefits of learning English.

A
B
C
D
24. She always try to finish her homework before going to bed.
(Trích đề thi 2017)
A
B
C
D
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------UNIT 7:
GERUND -TO-INF- BARE INF - PASSIVE INF- PASSIVE GERUND
A- THEORY:
I. GERUND -TO-INF- BARE INF:
V-ING
(bao gồm gerund & present participle)
- Làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ
- sau giới từ (of, on, in..)
- sau các liên từ (before, after...)
- sau các động từ:
admit, advise, anticipate, appreciate,
avoid, complete, consider, delay, deny,
discuss, dislike, enjoy, finish, can’t help,
can’t bear, can’t stand, keep, mention,
mind, miss, postpone, practice, quit,
recall, recommend, resent, suggest, hate,

TO-INF
- Làm chủ ngữ.
- bổ ngữ cho BE

- chỉ mục đích
- sau các tính từ
- sau nghi vấn từ : how, what,...
- sau các động từ:
TH1: S+ V+O+ To-inf
advise, ask, be, command,
encourage, forbid, get, help, intend,
leave, mean, oblige, permit, prefer,

BARE INF
(động từ nguyên mẫu không To)
- Sau các động từ khiếm
khuyết : can, could, shall,
should, will, would, must, mustn’t,
ought to, needn’t, have to.
- Sau các động từ chỉ giác quan:
(feel, hear, smell, see, watch, let,
percieve=notice, mark , observe,
beheld )+ O+
V-inf


TÓM LƯỢT KIẾN THỨC NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12 – ÔN THI THPT
love, like, start, begin, forget, remember,
stop, regret, continue, acknowledge,
endure, imagine, justify, resist, feel like,
forgive, risk, tolerate, feel like.
- Sau : There is no, to look forward to,
It’s no use, It’s no good, It’s worth, have
difficulty + V-ing.

- sau các động từ chỉ giác quan: feel,
see, hear, watch.
- Trong cấu trúc:
Spend/ waste + money/time+ V-ing
- Trong cấu trúc : Be busy + V-ing
- Trong cấu trúc:
S + sit / stand / lie / come / run (cụm từ
chỉ nơi chốn) +V-ing.
Eg: He sat on the chair reading a book.
- Cấu trúc: There + be + Noun + V-ing

recommend, remind, tell, allow, bear,
cause, compel, expect, force, hate,
instruct, invite, like, need, order,
persuade, press, request, teach,
tempt, trouble, warn, want, wish.
TH2: S+V+ To-inf
afford, appear, ask, bear, begin,
choose, decide, expect, forget, hate,
hesitate, intend, like, manage,
neglect, prefer, pretend, propose,
regret, seem, swear, try, wish, agree,
arrange, attempt, beg, care, consent,
determine, fail, happend, help, hope,
learn, love, mean, offer, prepare,
promise, refuse, remember, start,
trouble, want, would like/ prefer.
- Trong cấu trúc:

Ms. Trúc

- Sau các động từ:
Make, help, let +O + V-inf
- Sau các động từ/ cụm:
had better, would rather, have to,
used to.

 Enough (for O ) +to- inf
 It’s + adj+ (for O) + to-inf
 Too + adj + (for O) + to-inf
 It takes +O + time+ to-inf
TH ĐẶC BIỆT : SỬ DỤNG CẢ 2 (V-ING/GERUND):
<1>. Một số động từ theo sau có thể sử dụng Gerund hoặc To Infinitive không
thay đổi nghĩa:
begin, start, hate, prefer, continue, like, intend, attempt.
Eg : I hate to see you = I hate seeing you.
<2>. Một số động từ theo sau có thể sử dụng Gerund hoặc To Infinitive thay đổi
nghĩa:
stop , remember, forget, regret, try.
a. Stop + to-inf: dừng việc này để làm việc khác
Stop + Ving : dừng hẳn
b. Remember + to-inf:nhớ phải làm gì
Rember + Ving: nhớ đã làm gì trongqk
c. Forget + to-inf : quên không/chưa làm gì
Forget + Ving : quên đã có làm việc gì trong qk
d. Regret + to-inf: lấy làm tiếc (phải thông báo tin gì không vui cho ai)
Regret + Ving: hối tiếc vì đã làm gì trong qk
e. Try + to-inf : cố gắng làm gì
Try + Ving: thử làm gì
<3>. S + allow, advise, forbid, permit, recommend + O + To-inf
S + allow, advise, forbid, permit, recommend + V-ing

II. PASSIVE INF- PASSIVE GERUND

- Passive infinitive: S + V+ to be + Ved/ 3 .
Ex: She expects to be invited to Minh’s birthday party.
V
to be + V-ed
- Passive gerund: S + V + being + Ved/3
Ex: She enjoys being invited to Minh’s birthday party.
V being + V-ed
-Gerund & present participle: V-ing
-Perfect gerund & Perfect participle: Having + Ved/3
Lưu ý :

LƯU Ý:
1. Make
S+ make +O+ inf
S+ be+ made+ to-inf
2. Need
- S(người)+ need + to-inf: cần
phải...
- S+ (vật)+ need+ V-ing/ to be
Vpp : cần được...


TÓM LƯỢT KIẾN THỨC NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12 – ÔN THI THPT

Ms. Trúc

1. V-ing (HTPT)--- dùng để rút gọn MĐQH hoặc rút gọn 2 vế câu cùng chủ ngữ, thực hiện hành động liên tiếp nhau
trong quá khứ.

2. Having + Ved/3 : dùng để rút gọn 2 vế câu cùng chủ ngữ, thực hiện hành động trước sau trong quá khứ.

B- EXERCISE
Choose the best answer to complete each of the sentences
1. I have difficulty ............... and ................... English.
A. speaking – writing
B. speak – writing
C. to speak – to write
D. speak - write
2. They offered ...................... her but she refused.
A. to help
B. helping
C. help
D. being helped
3. I don’t mind ...................... you ...................... the washing up.
A. help – do
B. helping – doing
C. helping – do
D. to help- to do
4. I’d like ...................... when I am sixty years old.
A. to rest
B. to stop
C. to retire
D. to relax
5. The children are looking forward to ...................... on holiday.
A. go
B. going
C. be going
D. have gone
6. Her advice made him ...................... his mind.

A. change
B. to change
C. changing
D. changed
7. Ms. Lan enjoys ...................... because she loves working with children.
A. to teach
B. to be taught
C. teaching
D. teach
8. My father doesn’t allow me ...................... in his room.
A. to smoke
B. smoking
C. smoke
D. not smoke
9. It’s better to avoid ...................... during the rush hour.
A. travelling
B. to travel
C. travel
D. travelled
10. It was a nice day, so we decided ...................... for awalk.
A. to have
B. to go
C. going
D. having
11. Would you ...................... looking after my children for a while?
A. mind
B. agree
C. stand
D. care
12. Students should encourage ...................... questions in class.

A. raise
B. raising
C. to raise
D. being raised
13. It is compulsory for students in shools ...................... uniforms.
A. to wear
B. wear
C. wearing
D. worn
14. This class needs ...................... . It’s very dirty.
A. clean
B. cleaning
C. to clean
D. cleaned
15. At school, students usually take part in ...................... money for charity.
A. raised
B. to raise
C. raising
D. raise
16. May I ...................... in?
A. to come
B. coming
C. came
D. come
17. Let’s ...................... for a walk.
A. go
B. to go
C. going
D. went
18. I remember _______ to the zoo when I was a child.

A. to take
B. to be taken
C. taking
D. being taken
19.We managed _______ over the wall without ________.
A. to climb/ seeing
B. to climb/ being seen
C. climbing/ being seen
D. to be climbed/ seeing
20.Isabel expected _______ to the university, but she wasn't.
A. to admit
B. to be admitted
C. admitting
D. being admitted
21. I can’t recall_________ that old movie, but maybe I did many years ago.
A. to see
B. to have seen
C. having been seen
D. having seen
22. Having been selected to present the Association of American Engineers at the International Convention, ________
A. the members applauded him
B. a speech had to be given by him
C. the members congratulated him
D. he gave a short acceptance speech
23. _____ classical dance for five years, Akiko finally felt ready _____ in public.
A. Studying/ to be performed

B. To study/ performed

C. Being studied/ having performed

D. Having studied/ to perform


TÓM LƯỢT KIẾN THỨC NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12 – ÔN THI THPT
24. It is raining hard. We had better _____ at home tonight.
A. to stay
B. to be staying
C. staying
25. My mother advised me _____ an apple every day to stay healthy.
A. eat
B. ate
C. to eat

26.______ for twelve hours, I felt marvelous.
A. Having slept
B. have slept

C. Having been slept

Ms. Trúc

D. stay
D. eating

D. have been slept

27: ______ a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.
A. Found
B. Finding

C. Having found
D. We found
28. Having been delayed by heavy traffic, ________.
A. she was unable to arrive on time
B. it was impossible for her to arrive on time
C. her being late was intolerable
D. it was difficult for her to arrive on time
29. Remember _____________Lan a present because today is her birthday.
A. send
B. sending
C. to send
D. sent
30. It is too cold for us ______________________.
A. went out
B. go out
C. to go out
D. going out
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNIT

8: REPORTED SPEECH
A. THEORY
I.STATEMENTS: (Câu phát biểu)
- Bỏ “ ”
- Bắt đầu với : S + said (that); S + told me/her/him that....
- Thay đổi: Đại từ, lùi thì và các cụm trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian/ nơi chốn phù hợp.
1. Đại từ:
3. Các cụm từ chỉ thời gian/ nơi chốn:
Subject (S) Object
Possessive
Reflexive

DIRECT
INDIRECT
I
me
my
myself
here
there
She
her
her
herself
this
that
He
him
his
himself
these
those
We
us
our
ourselves
now
then
You
you
your
yourself

today
That day
They
them
their
themselves
yesterday
The day before/ the previous day
(Thay đổi trong cột tương ứng)
last week
The week before/ the previous week
ago
before
2. Lùi thì: (Lùi về 1 thì trong quá khứ)
tomorrow
The day after/ the following day
DIRECT
INDIRECT
next
week
The week after/ the following week
Simple present (HTĐ)
Simple past (QKĐ)
Present continuous (HTTD)
Past continuous(QKTD)
EX: 1. “ I will see my parents tomorrow”, Peter said.
Simple past/ Present perfect
Past perfect
(QKĐ/HTHT)
(QKHT)

→Peter said (that) he would see his parents the day after.
Past continuous/
Past perfect continuous
2. “I finished my homework last night”, Tom said to me.
Present perfect
→Tom told me he had finhished his homework the night
will
would
before.
can
could
may
might
must/ have to
had to
II. QUESTIONS: (Câu hỏi)
a. Yes-No questions:
asked
S+ wondered
+ if/whether + S+ V(lùi thì)..
wanted to know

b. WH- questions:
asked
S+ wondered
wanted to know

EX: “Do you love me?”, the daughter asked her dad.
→The daughter asked her dad if he loved her.

EX: “What did you do last night?” he asked me.
→ He asked me what I had done the night before.

+ WH- + S + V(lùi thì)..


TÓM LƯỢT KIẾN THỨC NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12 – ÔN THI THPT

III. IMPERATIVES: (Câu mệnh lệnh)
S+ told/ ordered + O + (not) + to-inf
EX: “Come here with me”, she said to the boy.
→She told the boy to come there with her.

Ms. Trúc

“Open the door, please”, he said to me.
→He told me to open the door.

IV/ REPORTED SPEECH WITH GERUND (V-ing):

*Một số động từ tường thuật ở dạng Gerund:
Công thức 1: Verb + V-ing
suggest
admit
deny
think of
dream of
look forward to
insist on
EX:

1. “Let’s go to the cinema tonight”. She said.
→She suggested going to the cinema that night.
2. “ I didn’t break your vase”, Peter said to me.
→ Peter denied breaking my vase.

Công thức 2: Verb + O + giới từ + V-ing
thank …for ….
apologize (to O) for…
congratulate….on…
accuse ….of…
warn …against…
blame ... for…; criticize... for…
prevent/stop … from
EX:
1. “ Congratulations! You’ve passed the exam.”
→ She congratulated me on passing the exam.
2. “I’m sorry. I’m late”. Ana said to me.
→Ana apologized for being late.

V/REPORTED SPEECH WITH TO-INFINITIVE:

*Một số động từ tường thuật ở dạng to-inf:
Công thức 1: Verb + O + (not) to-inf
told
asked
urged
invited
advised
reminded
warned

encouraged
begged
EX: “You should tell your parents the truth”, he said.
→He advised me to tell my parents the truth.

Công thức 2: Verb + (not) to-inf….
promised
offered
hoped
expected
threatened
agreed
volunteered
EX: “I will help you with the task”, she said to me.
→She promised to help me with the task.

B- EXERCISES
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. I told you ______ to switch off the computer, didn’t I ?
A. don’t
B. not
C. not to
D. to not
2. I said that I had met her ______ .
A. yesterday
B. the previous day
C. the day
D. the before day.
3. The man asked the boys ______ .
A. why did they fight

B. why they were fighting
C. why they fight
D.why were they fighting
4. I wanted to know ______ return home.
A. when would she
B. when will she
C. when she will
D. when she would
5. My father asked me _____ of the film.
A. what do you think
B. what I think
C. what did you think
D. what I thought
6. The mother asked her son _______.
A. where he has been
B. where he had been
C. where has he been
D. where had he been
7. “Please don't tell anyone what happened," Ann said to me.
A. Ann said to me please don't tell anyone what happened.
B. Ann told me didn't tell anyone what had happened.


TÓM LƯỢT KIẾN THỨC NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12 – ÔN THI THPT

Ms. Trúc

C. Ann said me not to tell anyone what happened.
D. Ann told me not to tell anyone what had happened.
8. “Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight?” he said.

A. He invited me to go to the cinema with him that night.
B. He offered me to go to the cinema with him tonight.
C. He asked me if I'd like to go to the cinema with him tonight.
D. He would like me to go to the cinema with him this night.
9. “Remember to pick me up at 6 o'clock tomorrow afternoon” she said.
A. She told me to remember to pick her up at 6 o'clock tomorrow afternoon.
B. She reminded me to pick her up at 6 o'clock the following afternoon.
C. She reminded me to remember to pick her up at 6 o'clock the next afternoon.
D. She told me to pick her up at 6 o'clock the next day afternoon.
10. “If I were you, I'd tell him the truth,” she said to me.
A. She said to me that if I were you, I'd tell him the truth.
B. She will tell him the truth if she is me.
C. She suggested to tell him the truth if she were me.
D. She advised me to tell him the truth.
11. “I'm really sorry for being late again,” said Ann.
A. I felt sorry for Ann's being late again.
B. Ann was sorry for my being late again.
C. Ann excused for my being late again.
D. Ann apologized for being late again.
12. “How beautiful the dress you have just bought is!” Peter said to Mary.
A. Peter promised to buy Mary a beautiful dress.
B. Peter said thanks to Mary for her beautiful dress.
C. Peter complimented Mary on her beautiful dress.
D. Peter asked Mary how she had just bought her beautiful dress.
13. “Can I bring a friend to the party?” Nancy wanted to know.
A. Nancy asked me if she could bring a friend to the party.
B. Nancy wanted to ask someone to bring her friend to the party.
C. Nancy knew that bring a friend to the party was good.
D. Nancy wanted to invite her friend out and to the party.
14. She asked me, "How high is the church?"

A. She asked me how high the church was.
B. She asked me how high is the church.
C. She asked me how high the church had been.
D. She asked me how high the church is.
15. “Buy some meat in the shop,” said my mother to me.
A. My mother said to me to buy some meat in the shop.
B. My mother told to me to buy some meat in the shop.
C. My mother told me to buy some meat in the shop.
D. My mother said me to buy some meat in the shop.
16. The doctor said to Peter’ “Don’t go for a walk today”
A. The doctor said Peter not to go for a walk today.
B. The doctor told Peter not go for a walk today.
C. The doctor said to Peter not to go for a walk today.
D. The doctor told Peter not to go for a walk today.
17. He said to them: “Who will you see before you leave here?”
A. He asked them who they would see before they left there.
B. He asked them who would they see before they left there.
C. He asked them who they would see before you left there.
D. He asked them who you would see before they left there.
18. She asked me: “Why didn’t you come here yesterday?”
A. She asked me why I hadn’t gone there the day before.
B. She asked me why I didn’t go there the day before.
C. She asked me why didn’t I go there the day before.
D. She asked me why hadn’t I gone there the day before.
19. John said “You had better not lend them any money, Daisy”.
A. John said Daisy not to lend them any money.
B. John advised Daisy should not lend any money.
C. John said to Daisy not lend them any money.
D. John advised Daisy not to lend them any money.
20. “I’m sorry I have to leave so early’, he said.

A. He apologized for having to leave early.
B. He apologized to have to leave early.
C. He apologized that he has to leave early.
D. He apologized to have left early.
21. "Why don't we go camping at the weekend?" he said. (Trích đề thi 2017)


TÓM LƯỢT KIẾN THỨC NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12 – ÔN THI THPT

Ms. Trúc

A. He suggested going camping at the weekend.
B. He denied going camping at the weekend.
C. He objected to going camping at the weekend.
D. He apologized for going camping at the weekend.
Choose the word or phrase in each of the following sentences that needs correcting.
21. I asked him how far was it to the station if I went there by taxi.
A
B
C
D
22. They asked me that I could do the shopping for them.
A
B
C
D
23. Her mother ordered her do not go out with him the night before.
A
B
C

D
24. She said that the books in the library would be available tomorrow.
A
B
C
D
25. He advised her thinking about that example again because it needed correcting.
A
B
C
D
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

UNIT 9: RELATIVE CLAUSES
WHO + V
: dùng thế cho chủ ngữ - người
WHOM +S
: dùng thế cho tân ngữ - ngừoi
WHICH +V/S
: dùng thế cho chủ ngữ lẫn tân ngữ - vật
THAT +V/S
: dùng thế cho tất cả các chữ trên (người và vật)
WHOSE+N
: dùng thế cho sở hữu ,người / vật
N+......OF WHICH : sở hữu vật
WHEN + S
: dùng thế cho thời gian
WHERE +S
: dùng thế cho nơi chốn
WHY + S

: dùng thế cho lý do ( reason /cause )
NHỮNG LƯU Ý
1.Dùng dấu phẩy: khi danh từ đứng trước who, which, whom... là :
+ Danh từ riêng ,tên: Ha Noi, Mary..
+ Có this ,that ,these ,those đứng trước danh từ.
+ Có sở hữu đứng trước danh từ : his, her, my, ...
+ Là vật duy nhất ai cũng biết : Sun, moon , earth...
2.Có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ WHO, WHICH, WHOM...: Khi nó làm tân ngữ (hoặc sau nó đã có S ) và phía
trước nó không có dấu phẩy, không có giới từ (whose không được bỏ)
Eg:This is the book which I buy. → This is the book I buy.
3. KHÔNG ĐƯỢC dùng THAT : Khi phía trước nó có dấu phẩy hoặc giới từ :
This is my book , that I bought 2 years ago. (sai)
This is the house in that I live .(sai)
4. Bắt buộc dùng THAT: khi danh từ mà nó thay thế gồm 2 danh từ trở lên trong đó vừa có ngừơi vừa có vật
Eg: The men and the horses that ....
5. Nên dùng THAT
- Khi đầu câu là IT trong dạng nhấn mạnh (Cleft sentences)
Eg: It is My father that made the table.
- Khi đứng trước đó là : all, both, each, many, most, neither, none, part, someone, something, so sánh nhất
Eg: There is something that must be done
This the most beautiful girl that I've ever met.
B. REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES
- Dùng Present participles (V-ing) để thay thế MĐQH mang nghĩa chủ động (active):


TÓM LƯỢT KIẾN THỨC NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12 – ÔN THI THPT

Ms. Trúc

Relative pronoun + active V → V-ing

Eg: The girl who is playing with the dog is Lan’s sister.
→ The girl playing with the dog is Lan’s sister.
- Dùng Past participles (V3/ED) để thay thế cho MĐQH mang nghĩa bị động (passive):
Relative pronoun+be+V3/ED → V3/ED
Eg: The students who was punished by the teacher are lazy.
→ The students punished by the teacher are lazy.
- Dùng To- infinitive để thay thế cho một MĐQH mà trước nó là các số chỉ thứ tự (the first, second…), sau next,
last, only và sau các tính từ so sánh hơn, nhất.
The first/ second…+N+ RP+V
→ The first/ second…+ N+ to-inf (chủ động)/ to be Vpp (bị động)
B. EXERCISES:
Ex 1: Choice the best answer:
1. This is the place _________ I met my wife.
A. what
B. where
C. which
D. that
2. Simon is the man _________ Mary loves.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. A&C
3. She is the one _________ I told you about.
A. what
B. which
C. whose
D. that
4. Those _________ had studied hard passed their exams.
A. what
B. which

C. who
D. whose
5. The magazine _________ you lent me is interesting.
A. what
B. which
C. whom
D. whose
6. The man _________ is resting is very tired.
A. what
B. which
C. whom
D. who
7. The boy _________ sat next to you is my friend.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. whose
8. We are using books _________ were printed last year.
A. what
B. who
C. which
D. whose
9. The painting_________Ms. Wallace bought was very expensive.
A. whom
B. whose
C. which
D. where
10. The homeless people_____story appeared in the paper last week have now found a place to live.
A. who
B. whom

C. that
D. whose
11. The women ________ I gave the money were glad.
A. to whom
B. to that
C. for whom
D. for that
12. The film about _____ they are talking is fantastic.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. that
13. The people ____ for the bus in the rain are getting well
A. waiting
B. to wait
C. waited
D. wait
14. This is the book __________ I like best.
A. that
B. whom
C. which
D. A& C
15. I have a message for people _____ by the traffic chaos.
A. to delay
B. who delay
C. delayed
D. who delaying
16. I live in a pleasant room ____________ the garden.
A. to overlook
B. overlooking

C. overlooked
D. which overlooking
17. Melanie was the only person _____ a letter of thanks.
A. wrote
B. written
C. to write
D. writing
18. The pilot was the only man _______ after the crash.
A.was rescued
B. rescued
C. rescuing
D. to be rescued
19. I met a lot of new people at the party ________ names I can’t remember.
A. whose
B. which
C. who
D. whom


TÓM LƯỢT KIẾN THỨC NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12 – ÔN THI THPT

Ms. Trúc

20. I’ll see you near the post office ___________ we met the other day.
A. which
B. where
C. when
D. why
21. Tell me the reason ______ you were absent yesterday.
A. where

B. when
C. why
D. that
22.There was a time ____ dinosaurs dominated the earth.
A. which
B. when
C. that
D. where
23. Summer is the time of the year _________ the weather is the hottest.
A. when
B. which
C. that
D. where
24. Do you know the man about _______ they’re talking?
A. whom
B. whose
C. that
D. which
25. Marie,_______ I met at the party, called me last night.
A. that
B. whom
C. which
D. whose
26. The boy ______ sits in front of me in the class studies very hard. (Trích đề thi 2017)
A. when
B. which
C. where
D. who
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------UNIT 10: ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
1. Clauses of reason: (Mệnh đề chỉ lí do)

Mệnh đề chỉ lí do là mệnh đề phụ mang nghĩa BỞI VÌ.
Mệnh đề chỉ lí do thường được nối với các mệnh đề chính bởi các liên từ (conjunction) như: Because,
Since, As (Since và As thường đặt ở đầu câu).
Form:
Because/Since/As + S + V…
eg:

She didn’t go to class yesterday because she was seriously ill.
 Since/As she was seriously ill, she didn’t go to class yesterday.
Phrases of reason: (Cụm từ chỉ lí do)
Cụm từ chỉ lí do cũng có nghĩa là BỞI VÌ, và thường bắt đầu bằng từ because of là cụm giới từ
(prepositional phrase), vì vậy sau nó là danh từ (noun), cụm danh từ (noun phrase) hoặc cụm danh động từ
(gerund phrase).
Form: .....because of / due to /owning to / on account of + Noun / Noun phrase / Ving
eg:

The class was not in order because of the teacher’s absence.
She didn’t go to class yesterday because of her serious illness.
She didn’t go to class yesterday because of being seriously ill.
Exercise 1: Choose the best option
1. We couldn’t sleep last night_________the noise next door.
A. although
B. since
C. because
D. because of
2. I did it_________they asked me to.
A. so
B. because
C. because of
D. the reason

3. Daisy was late_________her car was broken down.
A. because
B. because of
C. if
D. whether
4. _________he can’t afford a car, he goes to work by bicycle.
A. because
B. as
C. since
D. all are correct
5. They were sacked_________their carelessness.
A. because
B. because of
C. although
D. despite
6. The boys were punished_________they went to school late.
A. because
B. because of
C. although
D. despite
7. The mother got angry because_________.
A. her son’s bad behaviour
B. her son will behave badly
C. her son behaved badly
D. her son bad behaing
8. He lost his job_________his laziness.


TÓM LƯỢT KIẾN THỨC NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12 – ÔN THI THPT

A. because
B. because of
C. if
9. He couldn’t come to the conference because he was seriously ill.
A. Although he was ill, he came to the conference.
B. His illness was very serious that he couldn’t come to the conference.
C. Because of his serious illness, he couldn’t come to the conference.
D. He couldn’t come to the conference, so he became seriously ill.

Ms. Trúc

D. although

2. Clause of purpose: (mệnh đề chỉ mục đích)
+ Nếu trong câu có 2 chủ ngữ khác nhau, ta phải dùng mệnh đề chỉ mục đích bắt đầu bằng: so that, in order
that - ĐỂ (KHÔNG)
…..so that

+ S + V (can/could) + (not) + V0

…...in order that

(will/would)

VD:

I try my best to study English, I want to find a better joB.
 I try my best to study English so that I can find a better joB.
Phrases of purpose: (Cụm từ chỉ mục đích) mang nghĩa ĐỂ
+ Nếu trong câu chỉ có một chủ ngữ, ta có thể dùng một cụm từ bắt đầu bằng:

- to
- in order to

+ V0….

VD:

She studies English. She wants to talk to foreigners.
to talk to foreigners.
She studies English
in order to talk to foreigners.
so as to talk to foreigners.
+ Nếu phủ định mục đích thì dùng cụm từ: mang nghĩa ĐỂ KHÔNG
in order not to
so as not to

VD:

+ V0

He got up early. He didn’t want to miss the train.
 He gop up early
in order not to miss the train.
so as not to miss the train.
Exercise 2: Fill in the gaps
1. We have to start early ___________ we won’t be late.
A. so that
B. that
C. because
D. because of

2. He worked hard ___________ they could pass the final examination.
A. since
B. because
C. in case
D. so that
3. He took his seat quietly ___________
A. so as not to disturb their conversation
B. so as to disturb their conversation
C. in order not disturb their conversation
D. in order for him not to disturb their conversation
4. He was looking for an eraser ___________ he could erase a mistake in his composition.
A. because
B. therefore
C. so that
D. however
5. We have studied hard ___________ we will be well prepared for the examination.
A. because
B. since
C. so that
D. in case
6. We set off early _________ we wouldn’t get stuck in the traffic
A. because
B. so that
C. although
D. in case
7. We have to start early _________ we won’t be late
A. so that
B. in order that
C. in order to
D. a and b

8. The school boys are in a hurry _________ they will not be late for school
A. so as to
B. to
C. for
D. in order that


TÓM LƯỢT KIẾN THỨC NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12 – ÔN THI THPT

Ms. Trúc

9. She came quietly _________ not to wake the baby
A. as if
B. so as
C. such as
D. if so
10. The thief wore gloves _________ leave any fingerprints
A. so that
B. in order to
C. in order not to
D. in order to not
11. A number of wildlife habitat reserves have been established in order to saving endangered species from
extinction. (Trích đề thi 2017)
3. Adverbial clause of time
Exercise 3: Choose the most suitable answer
1.She will attend class........... , which is a right decision.
A.after she finishes her homework assignment
B.after she finished her homework assignment
C.after she had finished her homework assignment
D.after she will finish her homework assignment

2.By the time he arrived,...............
A.the other student already left.
B. the other student already leave
C.the other student have already left
D. the other student had already left
3........................ ever since I was a child.
A.I know her
B.I knew her
C.I have known her
D.I will have known her
4.The students stayed at he library...................
A. until they should finish their work. B. until they finished their work
C.until they finish their work
D. they finished their work
5............................. as soon as it becomes sunny.
A.We will go to the beach
B.We go to the beach
C.We have gone to the beach
D.We went to the beach
6. The teacher did not let his students leave school until 6 p.m.
A. It was not until 6 p.m. that the teacher let his students leave school.
B. Both the teacher and his students had to leave school before 6 p.m.
C. All the students were allowed to leave school until 6 p.m.
D. It was at 6 p.m. that the teacher and his students were made to leave school.
7. She started working as a teacher of English ten years ago.
A. She had worked with a teacher of English for ten years.
B. She had been working as a teacher of English for ten years.
C. She has worked with a teacher of English for ten years.
D. She has been working as a teacher of English for ten years.
8. My boss's plane_______ at 10:15 tomorrow morning, but I cannot pick him up.

A. will be arriving
B. is arriving
C. arrives
D. arrived
9. We haven't seen each other since we_________ school three years ago.
A. leave
B. have left
C. had left
D. left
10. Who_________ the car at time of the accident?
A. drove
B. had driven
C. drives
D. was driving
3. Clauses of concession: (Mệnh đề chỉ sự tương phản)
+ Mệnh đề trạng ngữ mang nghĩa: MẶC DÙ. Mệnh đề này thường bắt đầu bằng những từ nối như
Although, Even though, No matter, Whatever
Cấu trúc: Although
Though

+ S + V…

Even though

eg:

(Al)though I don’t agree with him, I think he’s honest.
She went on walking (al)though she was terribly tired.
Even though I didn’t understand the words, I knew what he wanted.

TÓM LƯỢT KIẾN THỨC NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12 – ÔN THI THPT

Ms. Trúc

(Even though dùng đễ nhấn mạnh sự tương phản)
No matter + who/what/when/where/why/how (adj/adv) + S + V
Whatever + (N) + S + V

Lưu ý: Mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng “No matter” hoặc “Whatever” thường được đặt trước mệnh đề chính để
nhấn mạnh.
eg:
Whatever exercises she had taken, she was still fat.
No matter what she says, I don’t believe her.
2. Phrases of concession: (Cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ):
Cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ thường được bắt đầu bằng “In spite of” hoặc “Despite”
Cấu trúc: In spite of
+ N/N. phrase/Gerund phrase
Despite

eg:

Despite his sickness, he still had to go to school.
We went out in spite of the rain.
Lưu ý: DESPITE không có OF theo sau.
Exercise 4: Choose the best answer:
1. _______________ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car.
A. In spite
B. In spite of
C. Despite

D. Although
2. _______________, he walked to the station.
A. Despite being tired
B. Although to be tired
C. In spite being tired
D. Despite tired
3. She left him _______________ she still loved him.
A. even if
B. even though
C. in spite of
D. despite
4. ________________ her lack of hard work, she was promoted.
A. Because
B. Even though
C. In spite of
D. Despite of
5. _______________ they are twin brothers, they do not look like.
A. Although
B. Because of
C. Because
D. In spite of
6. Julie failed the exam _______________ of working very hard.
A. despite
B. in spite
C. even if
D. though
7. She walked home by herself _______________ she knew that it was dangerous.
A. if
B. though
C. because

D. which
8. He refused to give up work _________ he’s won a million pounds.
A. despite
B. however
C. even though
D. as though
9. In spite of all our efforts, we failed in the final match.
A. Although we tried very hard, we failed in the final match.
B. We made all our efforts so that we could again success in the final match.
C. We failed in the final match as a result of all our great efforts.
D. Whatever efforts we had made, we weren’t able to win in the final match.
10. Although my parents are busy at work, they try to find time for their children.
A. My parents are so busy at work that they cannot find time for their children.
B. Busy at work as my parents are, they try to find time for their children.
C. My parents are too busy at work to find time for their children.
D. My friends rarely have time for their children because they are busy at work.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------UNIT 11: ARTICLES
A.THEORY:


TÓM LƯỢT KIẾN THỨC NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12 – ÔN THI THPT

Ms. Trúc

1.Mạo từ bất định “a/an”:
-Trước danh từ đếm được số ít
-Dùng để giới thiệu một điều gì chưa được đề cập trước đó hoặc dùng trước danh từ số ít chỉ nghề nghiệp.
Ex: I saw an accident yesterday.
My father is a doctor.
- A: trước các từ bắt đầu bằng phụ âm

EX: a house, a book, a village…
An: trước các từ bắt đầu bằng nguyên âm (u,e,o,a,i) EX: an apple, an interesting book, an umbrella…
- Ngoại lệ: a European, a uniform, a university, an hour, an honor, an honest person…
- “a” còn được dùng trong 1 số thành ngữ sau:
+ for a while: khoảng một lát
+ tobe in a hurry: đang vội
+ in a short/long period of time: trong một khoảng thời gian ngắn/ dài
2. Mạo từ xác định “the”:
-Chỉ sự việc mà ta đã biết, một kiến thức chung, phổ biến
Dùng “THE”
Không dùng “THE”
1. Danh từ được lặp lại lần 2 trở lên.
1. Danh từ chung
EX: I love flowers.
Ex: I bought a book yesterday. The book is very
2. Danh từ trừu tượng EX: happiness, freedom,….
funny.
3. Lục địa, tiểu bang
EX: Europe, Asia, California,
2. Danh từ chỉ vật duy nhất (the sun, the moon, the
…
earth)
4. Hành tinh, hồ (số ít) EX: Mars, Jupiter, Lake
3. Danh từ được xác định bởi các mệnh đề/ cụm giới từ Geneva..
theo sau.
5. Các môn thể thao
EX: volleyball, badminton…
EX: The book which I bought yesterday is funny.
6. Môn học
EX: Maths, Physics, History,

The boy over there is my son.
…
4. Tên các nhạc cụ ( the piano, the violin, the flute…)
7. Phương tiện
EX: by bus/car/train…
5. Tên các đại dương/ sông/ dãy núi
8. Các quốc gia chỉ có 1 từ EX: Vietnam, Japan,
EX: the Atlantic,the Pacific, the Nile, the Red
England..
Sea…
9. Các bữa ăn : EX: have breakfast/lunch/ dinner
6. Tên quốc gia có 2 từ/ tận cùng là số nhiều
10. Ngôn ngữ
EX: English is an international
EX: the United States, the Philippines, the UK….
language.
7. Danh từ số ít chỉ chủng loại.
11. Một số thành ngữ không dùng “the”
EX: The lion is fast disappearing.
-at noon/ at night/ at midnight
8. Trước so sánh nhất, số thứ tự. (the most…, the
-at dawn = at sunrise (bình minh)
first/last…)
-at dusk = at sun set (hoàng hôn)
9. The + Adj (Danh từ tập hợp)
- go to school/ college/ university/ church/ hospital…
EX: the rich, the poor, the young….
(đi học/học cao đẳng/ đại học/ đi lễ nhà thờ/ đi nằm
10. Các buổi trong ngày (in the morning/
viện)

afternoon/evening)
(Lưu ý sự khác biệt # go to the school/ church/
11. Các nơi công cộng:
hospital)
go to the cinema/ the theatre/ the bank/ the post office/
- go to work: đi làm
the doctor/ the dentist/ the station/ the airport/ the city
- go to bed : đi ngủ
centre...)
- go (back) home: đi về nhà
B. EXERCISE:
Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D
1. We are looking for _______ place to spend ________ night.
A. the/the
B. a/the
C. a/a
D. the/a
2. Please turn off ________ lights when you leave ________ room.
A. the/the
B. a/a
C. the/a
D. a/the
3. We are looking for people with ________experience.
A. the
B. a
C. an
D. x
4. Would you pass me ________ salt, please?
A. a
B. the

C. an
D. x


TÓM LƯỢT KIẾN THỨC NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12 – ÔN THI THPT

Ms. Trúc

5. Can you show me ________way to ________station?
A. the/the
B. a/a
C. the/a
D. a/the
6. She has read ________interesting book.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. x
7. You’ll get ________shock if you touch ________ live wire with that screwdriver.
A. an/the
B. x/the
C. a/a
D. an/the
8. Mr. Smith is ________ old customer and ________ honest man.
A. An/the
B. the/an
C. an/an
D. the/the
9. ________ youngest boy has just started going to ________ school.
A. a/x

B. x/the
C. an/x
D. the/x
10. Do you go to ________ prison to visit him?
A. the
B. a
C. x
D. an
11. ________eldest boy is at ________ college.
A. a/the
B. the/x
C. x/ a
D. an/x
12. Are you going away next week? No, ________ week after next.
A. an
B. a
C. the
D. x
13. Would you like to hear ________ story about ________ English scientist?
A. an/the
B. the/the
C. a/the
D. a/ an
14. There’ll always be a conflict between ________ old and ________ young.
A. the/the
B. an/a
C. an/the
D. the/a
15. There was ________ collision at ________ corner.
A. the/a

B. an/the
C. a/the
D. the/the
16. My mother thinks that this is ________ expensive shop.
A. the
B. an
C. a
D. x
17. Like many women, she loves ________ parties and ________gifts.
A. the/ a
B. a/the
C. a/a
D. x/x
18. She works seven days ________ week.
A. a
B. the
C. an
D. x
19. My mother goes to work in ________ morning.
A. a
B. x
C. the
D. an
20. I am on night duty. When you go to ________ bed, I go to ________ work.
A. a/x
B. a/the
C. the/x
D. x/x
21. We moved to the countryside because we wanted to be close to ______ nature. (Trích đề thi 2017)
A. an

B. a
C. the
D. Ø
KEY:
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. A
11. B 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. C 16. B 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. D 21.D
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------UNIT 12: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
A.THEORY:

I. Cấu trúc câu điều kiện:
TYPE
Loại 1.
Có thể xảy ra ở hiện
tại/ tương lai
Loại 2.
Không có thật ở hiện
tại
Loại 3.
Không có thật ở quá

IF - CLAUSE
S + V0 / VS/ES
( Be -> is/ are )

MAIN CLAUSE
S + Will
+ Vo
Can
May
EX: 1. If he takes my advice, everything can go well.

S + V ed/2
S + Would + Vo
( Be -> were )
Could
Might
EX: 2. If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.
S + Had + Ved/3
S + Would + Have + Ved/3
Could


TÓM LƯỢT KIẾN THỨC NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12 – ÔN THI THPT
khứ
Loại 4*.
(Kết hợp loại 3-2)
Điều kiện xảy ra ở quá
khứ nhưng kết quả ở
hiện tại

Ms. Trúc

Might
EX: 3. If I had known your address, I would have written you a letter.
S + Had + Ved/3
S + Would + Vo
Could
Might
(Dấu hiệu: yesterday, last, ago…)
(Dấu hiệu: now, today, at present, …)
EX: 4. If I hadn’t stayed up late last night, I wouldn’t be tired now.

II/ Các từ khác có thể thay cho If:
1. Unless = If . . . not (trừ phi, nếu……. không, )
2. In case (phòng khi, nhỡ khi)
3. With + N
(nếu có)
Without/ But for+ N
(nếu không có)
(Dùng như dạng rút gọn của mệnh đề If)
4. Providing (that)
(miễn là)
Provided (that)
5. As long as/ So long as (miễn là)
6. Supposing/ Supposed that (giả sử)
7. Otherwise (hoặc là, nếu không thì)
Or (else)

EX: If he doesn’t come, I’ll bring this package to him.
→ Unless he comes, I’ll bring this package to him
EX: If you need to reach me, I’ll be at my uncle’s house.
→ In case you need to reach me, I’ll be at my uncle’s house.
EX: If you hadn’t helped me, I couldn’t have finished my report.
= Without your help, I couldn’t have finished my report.
= If it hadn’t been for your help, I couldn’t have finished my report.
EX: You can borrow my bike providing that you bring it back
tomorrow.
EX: You can stay with us if you share the expenses.
= You can stay with us as long as you share the expenses.
EX: Supposing that you won the lottery, what would you do?
EX: If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late.

= You’d better hurry. Otherwise, you’ll be late.
= You’d better hurry; or else, you’ll be late.
EX: 1. She talks to him as if he were a child.
(Sự thật: He is not a child.)
2. He acted as though he had never met her.
(Sự thật: He has met her.)

8. as if/ as though (như thể, như là)
(Mệnh đề sau as if/ as though diễn tả điều không
thật→ động từ sau mệnh đề này tương tự mệnh
đề if
EXERCISE:
1. If I ……….the same problem you had as a child, I might not have succeeded in life as well as you have.
A-have
B-would have
C-had had
D-should have
2. I………you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital.
A-would have visited B-visited
C-had visited
D-visit
3. ………more help, I’ll call my neighbor.
A-needed
B-should I need
C-I have needed
D-I should need
4. ………then what I know today, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years.
A-had I known
B-did I know
C-If I know

D- If I would know
5. Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people…….the same language?
A-spoke
B-speak
C-had spoken
D-will speak
6. I don’t have enough money with me now; otherwise I would buy that coat.
A. If I didn’t have enough money with me now, I would buy that coat.
B. If I had enough money with me now, I would buy that coat.
C. If I had enough money with me now, I wouldn’t buy that coat.
D. If I didn’t have enough money now, I wouldn’t buy that coat.
7. She is too weak; she can’t sit up and talk to you.
A. If she weren’t too weak, she could sit up and talk to you.
B. If she hadn’t been too weak, she could sit up and talk to you.
C. If she isn’t too weak, she can sit up and talk to you.
D. If she wasn’t too weak, she can sit up and talk to you.
8. If you are not careful, you will cut yourself with that knife.
A. Unless you are careful, you will cut yourself with that knife.
B. If you are careful, you will cut yourself with that knife.
C. Unless you are not careful, you will cut yourself with that knife.
D. Unless you were careful, you will cut yourself with that knife.
9. Because he doesn’t leave immediately, I call a policeman.


TÓM LƯỢT KIẾN THỨC NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12 – ÔN THI THPT

Ms. Trúc

A. If he left immediately, I wouldn’t call a policeman.
B. If he leaves immediately, I won’t call a policeman.

C. Unless he leaves immediately, I will call a policeman.
D. Unless he leaves immediately, I won’t call a policeman.
*Trích từ các đề thi:
1. If I were you, I __________ for that intensive English course.
(Năm 2013)
A. will apply
B. apply
C. applied
D. would apply
2. You won’t have a seat unless you book in advance.
(Năm 2013)
A. You won’t have a seat if you don’t book in advance.
B. You will have a seat if you don’t book in advance.
C. You didn’t have a seat because you didn’t book in advance.
D. You can’t have a seat although you book in advance.
3. Peter would not have been late for the interview if he __________ the bus. (Năm 2014)
A. hasn’t missed
B. hadn’t missed
C. doesn’t miss
D. didn’t miss
4. Students will not be allowed into the exam room if they ____________ their student card. (Năm 2015)
A. don’t produce
B. didn’t produce
C. produced
D. hadn’t produced
5. If John does not change his working style, he will be sacked soon.
(Năm 2015)
→Unless John changes his working style, he will be sacked soon
6. Without your help, I __________ the technical problem with my computer the other day. (Năm 2016)
A. wouldn’t solve

B. couldn’t have solved
C. could solve
D. can’t solve
7. She didn’t pass the exam because of her serious illness. (Năm 2016)
→Had she not been seriously ill, she would have passed the exam.
8. He now regrets that he didn’t take the doctor’s advice. (Năm 2016)
He now wishes he had taken the doctor’s advice.
9. Without her teacher’s advice, she would never have written such a good essay. (Đề mẫu năm 2017)
A. Her teacher advised him and she didn’t write a good essay.
B. Her teacher didn’t advise her and she didn’t write a good essay.
C. She wrote a good essay as her teacher gave her some advice.
D. If the teacher didn’t advise her, she wouldn’t write such a good essay.
10. He was successful in his career thanks to his parents' support. (Đề thi năm 2017)
A. Without his parents' support, he would have been successful in his career.
B. If his parents hadn't supported him, he wouldn't have been successful in his career.
C. Had it not been for his parents' support, he wouldn't be successful in his career.
D. But for his parents' support, he wouldn't be successful in his career.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------UNIT 13: COMARISON
A. THEORY:
Các loại so sánh
CÔNG THỨC
LƯU Ý
1. SS bằng
 as+adj/adv + as
= the same + N + as
2. SS kém
 not as/so + adj/adv + as (không bằng…)
 less + adj/adv + than
(ít/kém hơn…)

3. SS hơn
 Ngắn: Adj/Adv-ER + THAN
Không bao giờ có “not”
 Dài: MORE + Adj/Adv + THAN
4. SS nhất
 Ngắn: THE + Adj/Adv-EST
Luôn có mạo từ “the”
 Dài: THE MOST + Adj/Adv
5. SS gấp bội
 Bội số + as + .…..+ as
Bội số: half/twice/ three times…..
6.SS kép
*So sánh lũy tiến: (Càng ngày càng…)
*So sánh lũy tiến:
-Thường theo sau các động từ:
 Ngắn: Adj-ER + AND + Adj-ER
be/ get/ become
 Dài: MORE AND MORE + Adj/Adv
*So
sánh đồng tiến:
*So sánh đồng tiến: (Càng….,Càng….)
-Luôn có 2 vế, có mạo từ “the”
 The+ SS hơn + S +V, The+ SS hơn + S +V
-2 vế được ngăn cách bằng dấu
phẩy


TÓM LƯỢT KIẾN THỨC NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12 – ÔN THI THPT

Ms. Trúc

*Lưu ý:
- So sánh hơn có thể được nhấn mạnh bằng cách thêm : “much” hoặc “far” trước hình thức so sánh.
Ex: 1. Tom’s watch is far more expensive than mine.
2. A watermelon is much sweeter than a melon.
3. He speaks English much more rapidly than he does Spanish.
*Phân biệt Adj/ Adv ngắn/dài:
- Adj/Adv ngắn: Là những từ có 1 âm tiết
EX: hot→hotter, big→ bigger, small→smaller, nice→ nicer, new → newer, old→older, hard→harder …
- Adj/Adv dài: Là những từ có 2 âm tiết trở lên
EX: tired → more tired, careful → more careful,
- Ngoại lệ: Những Adj có 2 âm tiết nhưng tận cùng là đuôi: -y, -ow, -er, -et, -le dùng như Adj ngắn.
EX: happy →happier, narrow→ narrower, clever → cleverer, quiet→quieter, simple → simpler…
- Adj/Adv bất quy tắc:
Adj/Adv
So sánh hơn
So sánh nhất
good/well (tốt, giỏi)
better
best
bad/ badly (xấu, tệ)
worse
worst
many/ much (nhiều)
more
most
little (ít)
less
least
far (xa)

farther (xa hơn)
farthest
further (sâu xa hơn)
furthest
B.EXERCISE:
1……………you study for these exams, ………..you will do.
a. The harder/ the better
b. The more / the much
c. The hardest / the best
d. The more hard / the more good
2. Air pollution is getting ____________ serious in big cities in the world.
a. more and more
b. the most and the most
c. the more and the more
d. most and most
3. Thanks to the progress of science and technology, our lives have become………….
a. more and more good
b. better and better
c. the more and more good
d. gooder and gooder
4.The boy is becoming______________.
a. taller
b. the more tall
c. the tallest
d. taller and taller
5. Peter is……………John.
a. younger and more intelligent than
b. more young and intelligent than
c. more intelligent and younger than
d. the more intelligent and younger than

6.Robert does not have………….Peter does.
a. money more than b. as many money as
c. more money as
d. as much money as
7. It gets…………..when the winter is coming.
a. cold and cold
b. the coldest and coldest
c. colder and colder
d. more and more cold
8.French is a…………language to learn than English is.
a. difficult
b. more difficult
c. most difficult
d. more and more difficult
9. Of the three students, Sarah is the ……………
a. most intelligent
b. more intelligent
c. intelligent
d.most intelligently
10.A car is……………….than a motorbike.
a. cheap
b. cheaper
c. expensive
d. more expensive
11. Thanks to the great effort of doctors and nurses, her health is getting…………….
a. worse
b. better
c. worse and worse
d. better and better
12. Day by day we are all getting…………..

a. older and older
b. fatter and fatter
c. wiser and healthier d. richer
13. The more you work, the…………you can earn.
a. more promotion
b. more tired
c. more money
d. more experience