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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
A

1

accelerator

Aa
A = ampere: Đơn vò đo cường độ
dòng điện
AA = automotive association: Hiệp
hội ôtô
AAA
=
American
automotive
association: Hiệp hội ôtô Hoa Kỳ
A-arm n. US = wishbone: Cánh tay
đòn hình chữ A
abrasion n. removal of surface
material from any solid, through
friction action: Sự mài bề mặt
vật cứng nhờ ma sát
 abrasive n. substance used for
the removal of matter: Vật liệu
mài
 abrasive cleaner = cleaner
which removes a certain amount
of the surface: Máy mài
 abrasive disc = rotating disc of
sanding or grinding tool: Đóa đá

mài
 abrasive paper =paper with a
rough surface for the removal of
matter: Giấy nhám
ABS = anti-lock braking system: Hệ
thống phanh chống hãm cứng
 ABS override button = button
which cuts out the anti-lock
braking system, for drivers who
want to take threshold braking into
their own hands: Nút ngắt hệ
thống ABS
 ABS relay valve = electrically
operated valve controlling the air
pressure in an ABS system: Van
rơle ABS
abut v. to make contact, especially of
gear teeth: tiếp xúc

 abutment n. (a) part which
another part comes up against so
that its motion is stopped; a more
formal word for ‘stop’: Điểm
dừng
(b) making of contact, especially
by gear teeth: Vết tiếp xúc
 abutting edge n. edge of a panel
where it joins another: Góc nối
 AC = alternating current: Dòng
điện xoay chiều

A/C = air-conditioning: Điều hòa
không khí
ACC = accelerate (used mostly on
cruise control): Tăng tốc (nút
bấm tăng tốc trong hệ thống ga
tự động)
 accelerate v. to go faster or
make faster: Tăng tốc
 accelerated test procedure =
test which has been made quicker,
by leaving out or shortening
certain items: Qui trình kiểm tra
nhanh (bớt một số công đoạn)

accelerating
agent
=
accelerator: Chân ga, bàn đạp ga
 acceleration n. increase of
speed: Sự tăng tốc
 sluggish acceleration =
increase speed slowly: Sự tăng
tốc chậm chạp (lì máy)
 acceleration enrichment =
providing a richer fuel/air mixture
is needed to provide extra power
and smooth response: Sự làm
giàu hỗn hợp hoà khí để tăng tốc
 accelerator n. (a) chemical
agent which makes a reaction

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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
depress the accelerator

2

happen more quickly, for instance
in plastics production an additive
which promotes the hardening
process of resins: Tác nhân làm
tăng nhanh phản ứng hóa học
(b) pedal which controls the
opening of the throttle: Bàn đạp
ga
 depress the accelerator or
step on the accelerator = cause
the throttle to open to make the
vehicle go faster: Nhấn ga, đạp
ga
 ease up on the accelerator =
reduce the throttle opening to go
less fast: Giảm ga
 take one’s foot off the
accelerator = close the throttle in
order to slow down: Buông chân
ga
(NOTE: also called accelerator

pedal or throttle pedal)
 accelerator pump = carburetor
device that improves acceleration
by injecting an additional amount
of fuel when the accelerator pedal
is depressed: Bơm tăng tốc
 acceptance test n. test of a
part or assembly for acceptable
quality: Kiểm tra chất lượng chi
tiết
 access n. means of reaching
something: Sự tiến đến, cách đạt
được, tiếp cận
 access hole = hole through
which something can be reach,
also a hole through which sealant
is injected into cavities: Lỗ thông
accessories n. additional items of
equipment which can be fitted to a

AC generator
vehicle or used with a basic tool:
Phụ kiện, phụ tùng
accident damage n. damage to the
body-work of a vehicle resulting
from an accident: Sự hư hỏng
thân xe do tai nạn.
accumulator n. (a) storage battery,
especially for an electrically
driven vehicle: Bình ắc quy

(b) pressure reservoir for a
suspension system with automatic
leveling: bộ tích áp cho hệ thống
treo tự động
(c) part of a hydraulic system
which is charged by the fluid
pump, absorbs fluctuating fluid
delivery, stores fluid at pressure,
and can provide a rapid flow of
fluid sure pressure: Bộ tích áp
thuỷ lực
accumulator battery n. = storage
battery: Bình ắc quy
 accumulator-drier n. device
on the low side of an airconditioning system, usually at the
evaporator outlet on the bulk-head
which store excess refrigerant; it
consists of a tank, a filter, a drying
agent and a vapour return tube:
Bình chứa và lọc gas (lạnh)
 accumulator system n. system in
an
automatic
transmission
comprising a hydraulic accumulator
controlled by a valve, and a running
time throttle: Hệ thống tích áp
(hộp số tự động)
 accumulator valve n. valve
controlling hydraulic accumulator:

Van tích áp
AC generator n. = ALTERNATOR:
Máy phát xoay chiều

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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
acid rain

3

acid rain n. rain containing pollutants
from industrial waste and vehicle
exhaust gases dissolved in the
atmosphere: Mưa axit
Ackermann steering
n. from of
double-pivot steering in which the
front wheels turn on kingpins
andare connected by inclined
steering arms and a track rod, so
arranged angle than the outer: Hệ
thống lái kiểu Ackermann
 Ackermann angle = toe-out or
toe-in with the wheels in the
straight-ahead position: Góc đặt
bánh xe kiểu Ackermann
 Ackermann axle = fixedposition, steerable front axle
within two pivot points, one on

each end of the axle, with vertical
kingpin: Trục Ackermann
across corners = A/C: Ngã tư
across flats = A/F: Mặt cắt
ngang
acrylate n. polymer, such as ethyl
acrylate,
used
in
rubber
toughening: Chất keo dán cao su
acrylic (paint) n. paint with pigments
mixed in a solution based on
acrylic resin: Sơn acrylic
 acrylic finish = finish using
acrylic paints, often a two-pack
finish: Sơn bóng bằng sơn acrylic

acrylic
resin
=
any
thermoplastic synthetic polymer
made by the polymerization of
acrylic derivatives such as acrylic
acid,
ethyl
acrylate
and
methacrylate, used for adhesives,

protective coatings, and finishes:
Nhựa acrylic (dùng cho sơn lót
và sơn bóng)

activated braking time
ACT = air charge temperature: Nhiệt
độ khí nạp
activated carbon n. highly porous
carbon, usually in pellet from,
granular,
or
powdered,
characterized by fine
pores
resulting in a very large surface
area per unit volume, hence able
to absorb gases, fluids, etc.: Than
hoạt tính
 activated carbon canister =
filter which absorbs fuel vapours
from the tank and fuel system
when the engine is not running,
and when the engine running is
regenerated by purging the
charcoal bed with hot air, using
engine vacuum to draw the
released vapours into the intake
air stream: Bình hút hơi xăng
bằng than hoạt tính
activated charcoal n. = activated

carbon: Than hoạt tính
 activated charcoal trap =
activated carbon canister: Bầu lọc
than hoạt tính
 activator n. material or mixture
added to an accelerated curing
system to enhance the effect of
the vulcanization accelerator in
tyre production: Phụ gia đẩy
nhanh quá trình lưu hoá (sản
xuất vỏ xe)
 activated braking time n. time
required to come to a standstill
after the brakes have been
applied, i.e not including the
driver’s reaction time: Thời gian
kích hoạt phanh

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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
active noise control

4

 active noise control (system)
n. = anti-noise system: Hệ thống
chống tiếng ồn
 active safety n. active

measures taken to prevent
accidents, such as more powerful
brakes
and safer handling
characteristics: An toàn chủ động

active
suspension
n.
suspension system which uses
microprocessors
to
control
electronically adjustable shock
absorbers
which
adapt
automatically to the road surface
and load: Hệ thống treo chủ
động
actuate v. to bring a part into
operation: Khởi động, làm cho
hoạt động, vận hành
 an actuating lever or switch =
a lever or switch brings a part into
operation: Công tắc (cần) khởi
động
 actuator n. controlling or
operating device, e.g. a vacuum
mechanism for opening flaps in air

conditioning systems: Cơ cấu
chấp hành
 actuator arm = arm connecting
the diaphragm to the contact
breaker platform in a vacuum
advance mechanism: Cần dẫn
động (đánh lửa sớm áp thấp)
adapter or adaptor n. device for
connecting two parts of different
sizes, especially an accessory for
joining a socket and a drive
handle with different sizes drives:
Ống nối, cây nối
 adapter plate = plate which
allows the mounting of a different

adiabatic engine
part from the original: Đóa tiếp
hợp, đóa nối
additive n. substance added to fuel or
engine oil to enhance its
performance and to improve its
properties, such as upper cylinder
lubricant: Chất phụ gia
adhere v. to remain attached or stick
(to something): Bám chặt, dính
 adhesion n. ability to remain
attached
(to
something),

especially the ability of a tyre to
grip the road surface: Sự bám, độ
bám
 adhesive n. substance used to
join together two or more solids so
that they from a single piece, such
as resins, formaldehyde, glue,
cement, etc.: Chất kết dính, keo
 adhesive bonding = joining
together of two or more solids by
the use of glue, cement, or other
adhesives: Sự dán
 adhesive tape = sticky tape
usually with one shiny side and
one side coated with adhesive:
Băng keo
 adhesive weight = a small lead
weight used to balance a wheel:
Trọng lượng chì bấm vào bánh
xe để cân bằng
adiabatic a. niether losing nor gaining
heat,
therefore
thermally
efficient: Đoạn nhiệt (không mất
cũng không lấy nhiệt)
 adiabatic engine = engine
which makes the best use of
combustion heat by reducing heat
loss due to coolant: Động cơ đoạn

nhiệt

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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
adjust

5

adjust v. to put (something) into the
correct position: Điều chỉnh, hiệu
chỉnh
 adjust the ignition timing =
cause the spark to occur at the
correct moment: Điều chỉnh thời
điểm đánh lửa
 adjustable a. that can be
changed or made different: Có
thể điều chỉnh
 adjustable shock absorber =
shock absorber which can be
made harder or softer: Bộ giảm
chấn có thể điều chỉnh được
 adjustable spanner = open–
end spanner with a single
smoothjaw that can be adjusted to
fit nuts and bolts of different
sizes: Mỏ lếch
 adjuster n. device for moving

something into a different or the
correct position: Thiết bò điều
chỉnh (vò trí)
 seat adjuster = mechanism for
moving a seat backwards and
forwards: Cơ cấu điều chỉnh ghế
ngồi
 adjuster cam = cam in a drum
brake which acts on the shoes to
take up the adjustment, i.e. bring
the shoes closer to the drum: Cam
chỉnh (phanh trống)
 adjusting gauge n. tool such as
a feeler gauge used to check
distances and clearances between
parts for adjustment purposes:
Thiết bò đo khe hở (lá cỡ)
 adjusting screw = screw for
altering e.g. the idling speed of
the engine or for brake

advance
adjustment: Vít điều chỉnh cầm
chừng
 adjusting shim = shim for
reducing clearances especially in
adjusting valve tappets: Shim
(miếng chêm) điều chỉnh khe hở
(súpáp)
 adjusting sleeve = sleeve on

the end of the tie rod which
shortens or lengthens it to increase
or reduce toe-out: Thanh điều
chỉnh góc chụm bánh xe
 adjustment n. (a) altering or
correcting
the
position
of
something or the position or valve
achieved: Sự điều chỉnh
(b) possibility of altering or
correcting
the
position
of
something; clearance or play:
Khả năng thay đổi hoặc hiệu
chỉnh vò trí của một vật
 there is no adjustment left =
the adjusting screw or nut is at the
end of its travel: Chỉnh hết cỡ
 to take up the adjustment = to
obtain the correct position, usually
by reducing a clearance: Hiệu
chỉnh đúng (khe hở)
a-drier n. paint drier with heating
elements below the stoving line:
Giàn sấy sơn
adsorption n. bonding of a solid with

a gas or vapour which touches its
surface: Sự hút bám
(NOTE: opposite is desorption)
 adsorption canister n. =
ACTIVATED
CARBON
CANISTER: Bầu hút hơi xăng
advance 1 v. to cause (something) to
occur earlier: Trước, sớm

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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
advance capsule

6

 to advance the spark or
ignition or timing = to cause the
spark and therefore combustion to
occur earlier: Đánh lửa sớm
2 n. extent to which the ignition
spark is made to occur earlier:
Góc đánh lửa sớm
 the ignition needs more
advance = the spark is occurring
too late: Cần đánh lửa sớm hơn
(NOTE: opposite is retard)
 advance capsule n. = vacuum

advance (unit): Bộ đánh lửa sớm
chân không
 advance curve n. curve
showing how the amount of
ignition advance increase with the
speed of the engine and/or the
vacuum in the inlet manifold:
Đường đặc tính góc đánh lửa
sớm theo tốc độ và tải
 advanced a. (of ignition)
occurring (too) early: Đánh lửa
quá sớm
 the ignition is (over-)
advanced = the spark is occurring
(too) early: Đánh lửa quá sớm
(NOTE: opposite is retard)
 advance weight n. either of
the two weights in a centrifugal
advance mechanism: Quả văng
của cơ cấu đánh lửa sớm ly tâm
aeration n. foaming due to the
introduction of air into hydraulic
fluid or the oil of a shock
absorber: Sự tạo bọt (giảm xóc)
aerial
n.
long metal tube for
receiving radio signals: Ănten
(NOTE: US English is antenna)

A/F
aerodynamic a. 1 relating to the
flow of air round a moving body:
Khí động lực học (thân xe)
2 (of a car, bodywork, etc .)
streamlined, offering low wind
resistance: Hình dáng khí động
lực
 aerodynamics n. (a) branch
of dynamics dealing with the
motion of air and with the forces
acting on bodies moving through
the air: Khí động lực học
(b) aerodynamic properties: Đặc
điểm khí động lực học
 The poor aerodynamic of
early cars resulted in wastage of
power = early cars had too much
wind resistance which wasted
power: Những chiếc xe hơi có
hình dáng khí động học kém làm
lãng phí công suất
(NOTE: sense (a) is singular,
sense (b) is plural)
aerofoil n. wing-like structure, used
on racing cars to achieve negative
lift or down-force: Cánh giảm lực
nâng xe đua
A/F = air/fuel: Tỉ số giữa không khí
và nhiên liệu, tỉ lệ hoà khí


Three-way
catalytic
converters demand close A/F
control = the air/fuel mixture has
to be carefully controlled when
using
three-way
catalytic
converters: Bộ xúc tác TWC
phải hoạt động trong chế độ
điều khiển kín hỗn hợp hòa khí
A/F (dimension) n. width across the
flats (of a hexagon, square drive,
etc.): mặt cắt ngang.

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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
A-frame

7

A-frame n. A-shape chassis frame,
typically of a trailer or caravan:
Khung xe hình chữ A
afterburning n. completion of the
combustion of incompletely burnt
mixture in the exhaust system: Sự

cháy tiếp (ở pô).
 CO and HC levels can be reduced
by afterburning = emissions of
carbon
monoxide
and
hydrocarbons can be reduced by
burning
incompletely
burnt
mixture: Mức CO và HC có thể
giảm nhờ cháy tiếp
 aftercooler n. heat exchanger
in a diesel engine which cools the
intake of air before it enters the
cylinders: Bộ giải nhiệt khí nạp.
after-start
enrichment
n.
enrichment of the air/fuel mixture
on starting the engine, especially
in electronic fuel injection
systems,
regulated
by
the
electronic control unit ; it is
reduced either at a fixed rate or
asengine temperature increases:
Sự làm đậm hỗn hợp sau khi

khởi động
aged catalyst n. catalyst which has
been used: Xúc tác đã qua sử
dụng
(NOTE:
opposite
is
fresh
catalyst)
 age-hardening n. hardening of
aluminium or metal alloys as a
result of ageing: Sự cứng do lão
hoá

ageing
n.
change
of
characteristics in some metal after
heat treatment or cold working:

air bag module
Sự thay đổi tính chất sau khi xử
lí nhiệt
aggressive agent or medium
n.
corrosive material which attacks
metals: Tác nhân (môi trường)
ăn mòn kim loại
agitation cup n. type of paint pot for

spray guns fitted with an integral
agitator: Cốc trộn (sơn)
 agitator n. device for mixing
paint by shaking: Bình trộn sơn
bằng cách lắc
A.h. = AMPERE-HOUR
AH rim n. rim design able to run
with a flat tyre and with increased
safety in case of sudden air loss:
Niềng xe kiểu AH (có thể chạy
khi xì vỏ)
aimer n. tool for aiming headlights:
Dụng cụ cân chỉnh đèn đầu
aiming n. adjusting the direction of
headlight beams: Sự cân đèn
đầu.
air n. mixture of gases forming the
atmosphere: Không khí
 put some air in the tyres =
inflate the tyres: Bơm bánh xe.
 Here is too much air in the
mixture = the mixture is too
weak: Hỗn hợp quá nghèo.
air bag n. bag in the fascia region
which inflates on impact and thus
saves the occupants of the vehicle
from injury caused by being
thrown against the interior
structure in a collision: Túi khí,
gối hơi.

 air bag module or unit = the air
bag plus inflator and cover: Cụm
túi khí

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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
air bag restraint system

8

 air bag restraint system =
system using an air bag to restrain
occupants in a collision: Hệ thống
bảo vệ khi đụng bằng túi khí
(NOTE: this is also called a
passive restraint system)
air bellows n. rubber vessel or sleeve
filled with compressed gas or to
act as a compression spring in air
suspensions: Ống giảm chấn khí
 air brake n. brake mechanism
in which compressed air acting on
a piston or diaphragm is used to
apply the brakes; mainly found in
commercial vehicles: Phanh hơi
 air charge temperature
(ACT) n. temperature of the air
sucked into the carburettor or fuel

injection system: Nhiệt độ không
khí nạp.
 air cleaner
n. = AIR
FILTER: Lọc gió
 air compressor n. device for
supplying compressed air, e.g. for
paint spraying or in an air brake
system: Máy nén khí
 air-conditioning n. system of
filtering air and keeping it at a
desirable
temperature
and
humidity level: điều hoà không
khí
air-cooled a. cooled by a current of
air as opposed to water, etc.: Làm
mát bằng khí
(NOTE: opposite is liquid-cooled)
 air correction jet n. jet
admitting air into the emulsion
tube of a carburettor: Giclơ không
khí (gió)
 air cushion n. = AIR BAG:
Túi khí

air/fuel
 air dam n. spoiler under the
front bumper to reduce wind

resistance: Tấm giảm lực cản gió
phía trước
 air deflector n. US = AIR
SHIELD: Tấm chắn gió
 air duct
n. any passage
conducting air, particularly for
heating and ventilation: Ống dẫn
không khí (hệ thống điều hòa)
 air filter n. device for filtering
dust and dirt out of the air drawn
into the carburettor or fuel
injection system through the air
intake: Lọc gió
 air filter element = element of
absorbent paper or felt inserted
into the air filter, which catches
dirt and dust in the air drawn into
the engine: Màng lọc gió
 airflow n. flow of air past a
moving object, especially a
vehicle, or through a duct: Lưu
lượng (dòng chảy) không khí
 airflow sensor = sensor in an
electronically controlled fuel
injection system which has a flat
that is deflected by the intake air
and thus governs the amount of
fuel delivered; it also incorporates
a temperature sensor: Cảm biến

lưu lượng không khí
air/fuel (A/F) a. relating to the
combination of air and fuel in the
charge for combustion: Tỉ số gió
và nhiên liệu (tỉ lệ hoà khí)
 a lean or rich air/ fuel mixture
= a mixture containing little or a
lot of fuel in relation to air: hỗn
hợp hòa khí giàu hoặc nghèo.

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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
air gulp system

9

 variations in the air/ fuel ratio
= variations in the amount of fuel
in relation to air,
more air
resulting in a lean or weak
mixture, less air in a rich mixture:
Sự thay đổi của tỉ lệ hòa khí
air gulp system n. system in vehicles
with secondary air injection or
induction, which prevents an overrich mixture being supplied to the
inlet
manifold

during
deceleration, resulting in unburnt
fuel being carried over to the hot
exhaust system where it cause
uncontrolled detonations:
Hệ
thống thêm gió khi giảm tốc.
air hold fitting n. special tool for
work on OHV-engine used to
keep valves closes by mean of air
pressure: Dụng cụ ép sú páp
bằng khí nén
air horn n. motor horn in which a
blast of compressed air through a
reed: Kèn (còi) hơi.
 air induction or injection
system n. secondary air system
without air pump, using aspirator
valves and the pulse air principle
to introduce fresh air into the
exhaust system to promote
afterburning
of
unburnt
hydrocarbons and carbonmonoxide: Hệ thống bơm không khí
vào ống thải (pô).
 air injection manifold = duct
inside or a tube outside the
cylinder head feeling secondary
air into the exhaust ports: Đường

ống dẫn không khí vào ống thải.
 air intake n. opening through
which air enters, especially for the

air ratio
carburetor or fuel injection
system, for the radiator or for the
heating and ventilating system:
Đường dẫn không khí
 airless spraying n.spraying
process in which the coating
material is not atomized by a
stream of air, but is subjected to
high pressure, which cause it to
pass through a jet or nozzle
allowing it to be atomized and
projected: Phun sơn bằng áp lực
 air-less spray gun = spray gun
used for air–less spraying: Súng
sơn nén
air line n. (a) pipe hose or duct which
conveys air or vaccum: Ống dẫn
khí hoặc chân không.
(b) compressed air supply for
inflating tyres, driving compressed
air tools, etc.: Bơm bánh xe
 air micrometer n. precision
control for adjusting the air
quantity delivered by a spray gun:
Bộ chỉnh gió trong súng phun

 air outlet n. opening from
which air exits, especially for
ventilation and demiting: Cửa
thông gió
 air pressure n. pressure
exerted by air, e.g. on the
diaphragm of a brake servo: p
lực không khí (lên màng)
air ratio n. air/air ratio, i.e. the ratio
of the actual intake air volume to
the air volume theoretically
needed for complete combustion
of the fuel content of air/ fuel
mixture: Hệ số dư lượng không
khí

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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
air receiver

10

air receiver n. = AIR TANK: Bầu
chứa không khí, bình khí nén
 air select valve n. valve in a
two stage catalytic converter with
secondary air injection, which is
solenoid-operated and is triggered

by the electronic control module
to direct air to the exhaust valve
ports or to the catalytic converter,
depending
on
operating
conditions: Van điều khiển bơm
không khí (vào ống thải)
 air sensor n. sensor which
monitors the air quantity inside
the car, checks it for the presence
of pollutants, and operates flaps to
cut off the external air to the air
conditioning system if the
pollutant concentration is too high:
Cảm biến không khí trong xe
 air shield n. sloping panel on
the roof of a vehicle, especially a
commercial vehicle or trailer,
intended to improve air-flow:
Cánh dẫn hướng gió trên mui
(NOTE: US English is air
defector)
 air shock absorber n. shock
absorber incoporating a rubber
boot filled with compressed air
serving as an auxiliary pneumatic
spring ; mainly used for lever
control purposes on the rear axle
of a vehicle, e.g. when towing

heavy trailers: Bộ giảm chấn khí
 air silencer n. device usually
incorporated in the air filter to cut
out induction hiss: Bộ phận giảm
thanh trong lọc gió
 air spring
n.
=
AIR
BELLOWS: Giảm chấn bằng khí

alkaline battery
 air suspension n. vehicle
suspension in which air or gas in
compression is the principal or
only spring medium: Hệ thống
treo khí
(NOTE: also called pneumatic
suspension)
 air tank n. container for
compressed air, especially for a
compressor: Bầu chứa khí nén
 air volume n. quantity of air:
Thể tích không khí
Al = ALUMINIUM: nhôm
alarm (system) n. theft protection
system, which typically provides
the following function: exterior
and interior protection; locking the
boot and bonnet; making the

ignition system inoperative: Hệ
thống chống trộm.
alarmed a. protected by an alarm:
Được (gắn) chống trộm
align v. to bring into line or be in line
(with something): Canh thẳng
hàng
 aligning punch n. tool use to
align holes, e.g. for inserting a
screw or bolt or to centre round
components with other parts:
Chốt đònh vò
 alignment n. state of being in
line or act of bringing into line: sự
canh thẳng hàng.
 alignment mark = mark, e.g.
on a timing gear or camshaft
pulley, which must be brought into
line with another mark too give
the correct position: Dấu chỉ thò,
dấu cân chỉnh
alkaline battery n. secondary battery
using an alkaline electrolyte

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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
alkaline degreasing

11

(dilute potassium hydroxide) and
used for driving electric cars: Ắc
quy kiềm

alkaline
degreasing
n.
removal of any greasy substances
with an alkaline solution: Dung
dòch (kiềm) tẩy.
all-alloy engine n. engine in
which the cylinder head, block,
crankcase and sump are all of
light alloy: Động cơ hợp kim
 all-aluminium body n. body
shell made almost entirely of
aluminium: Khung nhôm
allen key n. key (in effect a
spanner) for recessed hexagon
screws and bolts, consisting of a
bar with a right angle bend and six
flats in the end: Chìa khóa lục
giác
 allen screw = type of recessed
hexagon screw: Vít lục giác chìm
alligator clip n. US = CROCODILE
CLIP: kẹp cá sấu
all-out braking n. using the maximum

braking effort available: Sử dụng
hết khả năng phanh
 the car loses directional
stability under all-out braking =
the car tends to swerve when the
brakes are applied as hard as
possible: Xe bò mất hướng
chuyển động khi đạp phanh hết
cỡ
 alloy n. (a) any metallic
substance of various elements:
Hợp kim
(b) any light metal, typically
aluminium: Kim loại màu sáng

alternator
 alloy piston = piston made
primarily of aluminium: Piston
hợp kim nhôm
alloy wheel or (informal) alloys n.
wheels made of light alloy, mainly
aluminium but also magnesium,
for sports and other high-speed
cars: Bánh xe hợp kim
all-steel body n. body shell made
almost entirely of steel, asopposed
to a body with a wooden frame
and panels made of steel or
aluminium: Khung thép
 all-terrain a. for use on any

kind of surface: Cho mọi đòa hình
(xe)
 all-terrain tyre = tyre mainly
for off-road vehicles: Vỏ xe chạy
mọi đòa hình
 all-terrain vehicle = OFFROAD VEHICLE: Xe đòa hình
 all-wheather tyre n.
tyre
suitable for use in rain and on
snowy or icy roads as well as in
warm and dry conditions: Vỏ xe
chạy mọi thời tiết
 all-wheel drive n. & a. = four
wheel drive: Bốn bánh chủ động,
xe hai cầu.
 all-wheel steering = fourwheel steering: Hệ thống lái bốn
bánh.
alternating current (AC)
n.
a
continuous electric current that
periodically reverses direction:
Dòng điện xoay chiều
(NOTE: opposite is direct
current)
alternator (ALT) n. generator which
produces three-phase alternating

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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
alternator charging light

12

current inside its stator windings:
Máy phát (xoay chiều)
 alternator charging light = warning light on the instrument panel
which comes on when the
alternator is not charging: Đèn
báo sạc (nạp)
altimeter n. instrument showing
height above sea level: Dụng cụ
đo độ cao (so với mặt nước biển)
alumina n. form of aluminium oxide
used as substrate for ceramic
catalysts: alumin (một dạng của
nhôm oxit được sử dụng như
chất xúc tác cho vật liệu gốm).
 alumina beads = tiny beads of
alumina used in some catalytic
converters: Bột nhôm cho bộ xúc
tác
aluminium (AL) or US n. silvery
lightweight
metallic
element
resistant to corrosion: nhôm
 aluminium alloy = metal

containing aluminium mixed with
another metal or metals: Hợp kim
nhôm
 aluminium wheel = alloy
wheel: Bánh xe hợp kim nhôm
 aluminized
a. coated with
aluminium or aluminium paint:
phủ nhôm

aluminium
n.
US
=
ALUMINIUM: Nhôm
ambient air n. air outside and
surrounding the vehicle: Không
khí bên ngoài
 ambient temperature n.
outside temperature: Nhiệt độ
môi trường
ambient temperature switch =
switch which delays compressor

Ampere-hour capacity
action in an air-conditioning
system
when
the
outside

temperature is low: Cảm biến
nhiệt độ môi trường (ht lạnh)
ambulance n. vehicle designed for
carrying sick or injured people:
Xe cấp cứu.
ammeter n. instrument for measuring
(in amperes) the electrical current
flow in a circuit: Ampe kế
amp = AMPERE
amperage (rating) n. strength of an
electric current in amperes, used
e.g. for making fuses: cường độ
dòng điện (qua cầu chì)
 ampere n. the basic unit for
measuring
electric
current,
usually abbreviated to amp: Đơn
vò đo cường độ dòng điện viết
tắc là amp.
 Ampere-hour (A.h.) n. unit of
the quantity of electricity flowing
in one hour through a conductor
carrying a current of 1 ampere:
Điện lượng của một dòng điện 1
ampere chạy qua vật dẫn trong
1 giờ
 a 36 A.h. battery = a battery
with a capacity of 36 amperehours: Dung lượng của ắc quy là
36 A.h

 Ampere-hour capacity =
quantity of electricity which a
battery can deliver under given
conditions such as temperature,
rate of discharge, and final
voltage, depending on the number
of plates used: Dung lượng của
một ắc quy (tính bằng amperegiờ).

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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
amplifier

13

amplifier n. device used to produce a
larger electrical signal, as to
amplify sound signals in radios,
etc.: Thiết bò khuếch đại.
 ignition amplifier = device
used to increase the electrical
signal in an electronic ignition
system: Bộ khuếch đại tín hiệu
đánh lửa (IC đánh lửa)
amplitude modulation (AM) n. form
of radio transmission in which
the frequency of the carrier wave
is uncharged, but its amplitude

varies in accordance with the
input signal: Sóng AM trong
radio
analogue cluster n. instrument panel
display using dials and numbers:
Bảng đồng hồ, tableau kim
(NOTE: opposite is electronic
cluster)
anchorage n. fixing point for a seat
belt, seat or other stress-bearing
item which is not part of the
structure: Sự cố đònh, sự đònh vò.
anchor bolt n. = THROUGH BOLT:
Bu-lông đònh vò, bu-lông chốt
ancillaries n. components placed close
to or fitted on the engine, such as
alternator, power steering pump,
supercharger, fuel pump and
water pump, and driven by the
engine: Các phụ tải gắn trên
động cơ (qua puli trục khuỷu)
aneroid-type
thermostat
n.
thermostat consist of a metallic
bellows partially filled with
acetone, alcohol or similar volatile
liquid: Van hằng nhiệt dùng ống
chứa chất dễ bay hơi

annular
angle grinder n. power tool (either
electric or driven by compressed
air) with abrasive discs, especially
for removing old paintwork and
smoothing the surface prior to
spraying: Máy mài góc
 angle-nose pliers n. pliers with
jaws having a right-angle bend,
for gripping e.g. items in a recess,
etc.: Kìm mũi vuông.
 angle of lock n. angle between
the line through the centre of a
wheel seen from above when
taking a corner and the same line
when going straight: Góc lái giới
hạn.
 angle parking n. parking at an
angle to the pavement or parking
line: đậu xe xiên góc với lề
đường.
(NOTE: also called echelon
parking)

angle
screwdriver
n.
screwdriver usually having two
blades at either end, both at right
angles to the shank: Tuốc nơ vít

chữ Z
 angular motion n. =
ROTATION: Sự xoay vòng, quay
anneal v. to treat (a metal, alloy, or
glass) with heat and then cool it to
remove internal stress and to
make the material less brittle: Tôi
(thép)
 annealing furnace n. oven or
furnace
with
controllable
atmosphere in which metal, an
alloy, or glass is annealed: Lò tôi
annular a. in the form of a ring:
Hình vòng, hình khuyên.

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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
annular gap

14

 annular gap = circular gap:
Khe hở vòng.
 annulus (gear)
n. hollow
gear-wheel in the form of a ring

with either internal teeth, as in
epicyclic
or
planetary
transmissions, or external teeth:
Vòng răng trong.
anode n. positive electrode in an
electrolytic cell: Cực dương.
 anodic coating or film or oxide
layer n. protective, decorative,
or functional coating, formed in an
anodizing process: Màng (lớp)
oxít ở cực dương.
 anodize v. to deposit a hard,
non-corroding oxide layer on
(aluminium or light alloy): Lớp
oxít hóa anốt.
 anodizing n. process by which
a hard, non-corroding oxide layer
is deposit on aluminium or light
alloys: Oxít hóa anốt.
 anodizing bath or tank = tank
in which the anodising process is
performed: Bồn oxít hóa anốt.
ANS = ANTI-NOISE SYSTEM: Hệ
thống chống ồn
ANSI (short for) American National
Standard Institute: Viện tiêu
chuẩn quốc gia Hoa Kỳ
antenna n. US aerial: Anten antichip

coating
n.
resilient
intermediate coat between the
primer and the top coat, applies to
the protect the body shell from
chip-ping damage cause by gravel
or stones: Lớp sơn lót chống trầy
 anti-chipping primer or filler
= a resilient primer protecting
paintwork from chipping cause

anti-knock additive
bygravle or stones: Lớp sơn lót
chống trầy
 anti-corrosion a. combating
and protecting against corrosion,
especially rust: Chống ăn mòn
 anti-corrosion warranty = a
warranty, usually limited to
corrosion damage, valid for an
average of 6 years: Giấy bảo
hành không bò ăn mòn
 anti-corrosive a. inhibiting
corrosion: chốngï ăn mòn.
 anti-dazzle mirror n. =
DIPPING
MIRROR:
Gương
chống chói.

 anti-dive (system) n. front
suspension
arrangement
that
converts the down-ward force in
the suspension links cause by
braking into a vertical force that
tends to lift the body, thus
reducing dive under braking: Hệ
thống chống chúi đầu xe.
 anti-drum compound n. sticky
material, usually based on
bitument or rubber, applied to the
inside of panels to reduce noise
due to vibration or ‘druming’: Vật
liệu chống rung
antifreeze n. chemical, such as
ethylene glycol, added to the
cooling water of an engine to
lower its freezing point: Chất
chống đông.
antifriction bearing n. any bearing
supporting its load on rolling
surfaces, such as balls, rollers or
needles, to minimize friction:
Vòng bi, bạc đạn.
anti-knock additive or agent
n.
petrol
additive

preventing

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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
anti-knock index

15

premature ignition (i.e. knocking
or pinking ) of the mixture in the
combustion
chamber,
e.g.
tetraethyl lead or tetramethyl
lead: Chất chống kích nổ.
 anti-knock index n. measure of
the antiknock properties of the petrol,
particularly in north american, where
it is defined as half the sum of the
research octane number and motor
octane number: Chỉ số chống kích nổ.
anti-rattle spring n. = SPREADER
SPRING.
 anti-roll bar n. steel torsion
bar running across the car as part
of the front and, less frequently,
rear suspension layout and used to
reduce body roll during cornering:

Thanh ngang chống lật khi quay
vòng.

anti-rust
treatment
n.
treatment of iron and steel, i.e.
using sealant, for the purpose of
corrosion protection: Xử lý chống
rỉ sét.
(NOTE: also called rust proofing)
 anti-skid braking system (ASBS)
n.
=
ANTI-LOCK
BRAKING SYSTEM: Hệ thống
phanh chống trượt
 anti-spin regulation (ASR) n.
control or prevention of wheel
spin under power, normally by
means of electronic sensing and in
conjunction
with
anti-lock
braking: Sự điều khiển chống
trượt.
 anti-squat system n. rear
suspension
arrangement
that

converts the downward force
cause by acceleration into a

application
vertical force that tends to lift the
rear body, thus reducing ‘squat’
under acceleration: Hệ thống
nâng đuôi xe khi tăng tốc
 anti-squeal shim n. shim
places behind the brake piston (or
behind the brake pad in disc
brakes) to reduce squeal: Miếng
đệm chống ồn khi phanh.
 anti-sway bar n. US = ANTIROLL BAR: Thanh chống lắc
(đảo) xe.
 anti-thief (security) system n.
either an alarm system, or an
additional
locking
device
(especially for the steering
wheel), or an electric circuit
immobilizing
the
car
by
disconnecting the start and/or
ignition: Hệ thống chống trộm.
 anti-vibration mounting n. flexible
(typically rubber) mounting for an

engine,
gearbox
or
other
mechanical item, that reduces the
amount of noise and vibration
passed from the item in question
to the chassis: Giá (khung) chống
rung.
anvil n. heavy iron block on which
something is placed for forging:
Cái đe
A-pillar or A-post
n.
upright
member in front of the front door, a
major structural part of the body
frame: Trụ đơ õ khung cửa phía cửa
trước.
application n. use to which something
is put : sự đặt vào, sự tra vào.
 applicator n. tool for putting
something onto a surface, such as

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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
apply

16

spreader for filler: Dụng cụ rắc,
trét
 apply v. to put (something) on
(to something): Đặt lên
apron n. panel extending downwards,
typically forming a skirt along the
side of the car or an air dam at the
front: Tấm chắn bùn.
AQL (short for) acceptable quality
level: Mức chất lượng có thể
chấp nhận.
Aquaplaning n. loss of contact
between the tyre and a wet road
when it rides up on a layer of
surface water: Sự trượt trên
đường ướt
aqueous solution
n. water-based
solution: Dung dòch chứa nước.
arbor n. rotating shaft or spindle in a
machine tool on which, for
example, a grinding wheel or
piece for machining is fitted: Trục
chính, đầu lắp
arc
v.
to jump across a gap,
especially of an electric current

forming a discharge: Hồ quang
điện.
arcing n. (a) sparking and discharge
at the contact breaker points in the
distributor, a cause of premature
wear of the points: Sự phóng tia
lửa trên vít lửa
(b) faulty spraying technique
where the spray gun is not moved
along the panel surface at a
uniform distance, but is moved
towards the panel when starting
and is moved away again towards
the end of the panel; this results in
an uneven thickness of paint being
applied: Sơn không đều

articulated
arc welding
n. welding process
widely used for do it yourself
repairs (as the required equipment
is fairly cheap) in which the
welding current is generated by a
transformer, and the circuit is
closed when the electrode held in
the welding rod holder touches the
metal surface; the electrode burns
off as the rod holder is moved
along: Hàn hồ quang điện.

armature n. coil or coils of wire
around a metal core in which
electric current is induced in a
generator, or in which the input
current interacts with a magnetic
field to produce torque in a motor:
Phần ứng (máy điện)
 armature brake n. mechanical
or electrical component in a
starter used to stop armature
movement after the starter motor
has been switched off: Cơ cấu
hãm trục phần ứng khi ngắt
điện.
 armature shaft n. shaft on
which the armature is mounted in
a starter or generator: Trục (lõi)
phần ứng.
armour-plated a. made bullet-proof,
e.g. with extra-thick body panels
and glass: Bọc thép chống đạn
articulated a. made in two separate
sections, with a joint or coupling
between them; especially of
commercial vehicles consisting of
a tractor or towing unit and a
trailer, having a swivelling
coupling
giving
better

manoeuvrability: được nối bằng
khớp nối.

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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
articulated bus

17

 articulated bus = bus in two
sections, usually a single-decker,
with passenger accommodation in
both sections: Xe buýt hai
khoang
asbestos-free a. Không có amiăng
ASBS= ANTI-SKID BRAKING
SYSTEM
ASC see ANTI-SPIN REGULATION
ascending stroke n. = UP-STROKE:
kỳ đi lên.
ASD
=
AUTOMATIC
SLIPCONTROL DIFERENTIAL: Vi
sai tự động kiểm soát trượt
aspect ratio n. ratio between the
height and the width (e.g. of a
tyre): Tỉ số giữ chiều cao và

chiều rộng lốp xe.
aspiration n. sucking in of the air/
fuel mixture or breathing process
of an internal combustion engine:
Sự hút (hỗn hợp hòa khí)
aspirator valve n. check valve in air
induction systems: Van hút.
ASR = ANTI-SPIN REGULATION
assemble v. to put together or build
up (something) from a number of
parts: Lắp ráp.
 assembled crankshaft = build
up crankshaft: Trục khuỷu được
ráp từ nhiều đoạn
 assembly n. the process or
result of putting together a number
of components: Sự lắp ráp, quá
trình lắp ráp
 assembly line = production line
where a vehicle is progressively
built up from its individual
components: Dây chuyền lắp ráp
asymmetric(al) a . not having parts
that
correspond,
not
uniform

atmospheric pressure
(especially in distribution): Không đối

xứng.
asymmetric power distribution
or split = transmitting
more
power to the front or rear wheels
in a four wheel drive: Sự phân
phối công suất không đối xứng.
 asymmetric beam = a
headlight beam which has greater
intensity on one side than the
other: Chùm ánh sáng đèn đầu
không đối xứng.
 asymmetric rim = wheel rim
where the well is located outside
the centreline of the wheel: Niềng
xe không đối xứng.
(NOTE: opposite is symmetric
rim)
ATC
=
AUTOMATIC
TEMPERATURE
CONTROL:
Điều khiển nhiệt độ tự động
ATDC (short for ) after top dead
center: Sau điểm chết trên
ATE
=
AUTOMATIC
TEST

EQUIPMENT: Thiết bò kiểm tra
tự động
ATF
=
AUTOMATIC
TRANSMISSION FLUID: Dầu
hộp số tự động
atmospheric corrosion n. gradual
destruction or alteration of metals
or alloys by contact with substance
present in the atmosphere, such as
oxygen, carbon dioxide, water
vapour, and sulphur and chlorine
compounds: Sự ăn mòn hóa học
trong không khí
 atmospheric pressure
n.
pressure
exerted
by
the
atmosphere at the earth’s surface:
p suất khí quyển

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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
atomize

18

atomize n. to produce a fine spray,
e.g. of paint: Sự tán nhuyễn, làm
tơi.
 atomizer n. device for
producing a fine spray e.g. on a
spray gun: Cơ cấu làm mòn tia
phun (sơn)
 atomizing pressure
n.
pressure needed to atomize a
liquid such as a paint: p suất tán
nhuyễn (sơn)
atramentizing n. corrosion protection
process in which steel is coated
with phosphate using a zinc
phosphate solution at 900C: Phủ
kẽm lên thép để chống ăn mòn
attachment n. a fitting or accessory
to be used in conjunction with a
tool such as a grinding disc for use
with an electric drill: Đồ gá
attack n. example of corrosion or
another damaging, especially
chemical, action: Sự tác động.
attenuation n. reduction, especially
of noise or emissions: Sự cắt
giảm ô nhiễm hoặc tiếng ồn
ATV = ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLE:

Xe đòa hình.
authorized dealer n. firm selling and
servicing a particular make of
vehicle,
appointed
by
the
manufacturer: Đại lý ủy quyền
auto 1 n. & a. = AUTOMATIC n. :
Tự động
2 US = AUTOMOBILE: Ôtô, xe
hơi
 auto bonnet = car cap: Capô
ôtô
 autochoke n. = AUTOMATIC
CHOKE: Cánh bướm gió tự
động.

automatic closing system
autoclave n. sealable high-pressure
container used for polymerisation
and in tyre production: Nồi hấp
(trong công nghiệp nhựa và sản
xuất lốp xe)
automatic n. colloquial short form
for automatic transmission, or a
car with automatic transmission:
Từ viết tắt để chỉ hộp số tự động
hoặc xe có hộp số tự động
 automatic air conditioning

(system)
=
air-conditioning
system
which
automatically
maintains a preset temperature:
Hệ thống điều hòa không khí tự
động.
 automatic air recirculation
(control) system = heating and
ventilation
subsystem
which
automatically switch to the
recirculation mode when the
pollutant levels of the air inside
the vehicle exceed certain levels
(e.g. in rush-hour nose-to-tail
traffic), but after a certain period
of recirculation (typically after 3
minutes), opens the intake air
doors again to let some fresh air
in, even if its quality is still
questionable: Hệ thống tuần
hoàn không khí tự động.
 automatic choke = device in
the carburetor intake which
positions
the

choke
valve
automatically in accordance with
engine temperature or time:
Bướm gió tự động
 automatic closing system =
system
which automatically
closes doors windows and sunroof:
Hệ thống đóng cửa tự động

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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
automatic frequency control

19

 automatic frequency control
= automatic retuning of stations on
the FM waveband when subject to
drift: Dò đài FM tự động
 automatic gearbox = gearbox
in an automatic transmission
system
which changes gear
automatically: Hộp số tự động.
 automatic level control or
levelling system = suspension

system that automatically adjust
front and rear ride heights to
compensate for changes in axle
loads ; this can either be achieved
by adding air absorbers to a
conventional suspension system,
or by incorporating the system in a
sophisticated pneumatic or hydropneumatic suspension system: Tự
động điều khiển độ cứng hệ
thống treo.
 automatic muting = car radio
circuit
which
automatically
cancels noise output during
tuning: Mạch trong radio tự
động loại bỏ nhiễu khi dò đài
 automatic seat belt =
INERTIA REEL SEAT BELT

automatic
slip-control
differential
(ASD)
=
electronically
controlled,
automatic locking differential
developed by Mercedes-Benz: Cơ
cấu khóa vi sai tự động.

 automatic speed control =
cruise control: Điều khiển ga tự
động.

automatic
temperature
control (ATC) = device for
maintaining
a
constant
temperature in the vehicle

automobile
interior: Thiết bò điều khiển
nhiệt độ tự động (điều hòa)
 automatic test equipment
(ATE) = usually electronic
equipment for testing ignition,
wiring, fuel injection systems, etc:
Thiết bò kiểm tra tự động.
automatic
transmission
n.
transmission which changes the
gear ratio without assistance from
the
driver
and
without
interruptionof power flows, the

changes being governed
by
factors such as engine load and
vehicle road speed (although the
driver usually has a manual
override): Hộp số tự động.
 automatic transmission fluid
(ATF) = special oil used in
automatic transmissions: Dầu hộp
số tự động.
automatic volume control (AVC) n.
car
ratio
circuit
which
automatically adjusts the volume
to the noise level in the car: Sự
điều chỉnh âm lượng tự động.
 automic wear adjuster
n.
device
that
compensates
automatically for wear, e.g. in the
brakes or clutch: Cơ cấu điều
chỉnh tự động độ mòn (phanh, ly
hợp)
 automatic wire stripper n.
wire striper that automatically
adjusts to the size of the wire to be

stripped
and removes the
insulation without damaging the
wires inside: Kìm tuốt dây tự
động.
automobile n. dated or formal word
for motor car in British english,

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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
automobile association

20

but still widely used in american
english: Xe hơi, ôtô.
 automobile association =
major motoring organization,
specially
the
automobile
association (AA) in great British
and the American automobile
association (AAA): Hiệp hội ôtô.
 automobile engineering =
automotive
engineering:
Kỹ

thuật ôtô, công nghệ ô tô
 automobile industry = motor
industry: Công nghiệp ôtô.
 automobile manufacture =
motor manufacture: Hãng sản
xuất ôtôâ.
 automobile mechanic = motor
mechanic: Thợ sửa chữa ôtô.
 automobile polish = car polish:
Sự đánh bóng ôtô.
automotive a. relating to or occurring
in motor vehicles: thuộc về ôtô,
trong ôtô
 automotive adhesive =
adhesive used in the manufacture
of motor vehicles: Keo sử dụng
trong sản xuất ôtô
 automotive electronics =
applications of modern electronics
to the motor vehicles: Điện tử
ôtô.
 automotive electrician =
electrician working on and
designing systems for motor
vehicles: Thợ điện ôtô.
 automotive emissions = all
types of release into the
atmosphere from motor vehicles,
including exhaust gas, fuel and
crankcase fumes, and noise: Chất

thải từ động cơ ôtô.

average
 automotive engineering = the
design and construction of motor
vehicles: Kỹ thuật (công nghệ)
ôtô
 automotive tool = tool for use
in the construction or repair of
motor vehicles: Dụng cụ sửa
chữa ôtô (đồ nghề)
AUX = AUXILIARY: Thiết bò phụ,
phụ tùng.
(NOTE: an abbreviation often
used to label fused)
auxiliary a. additional, upplementary:
Thiết bò phụ.
 auxiliary brake lights =
additional brake lights mounted at
eye level in the rear window to
reduce the risk of being run into
from behind: Đèn phanh phụ.
 auxiliary drive shaft =
secondary drive shaft driving for
example, the fuel or water pumps
or distributor: Bán trục phụ.
 auxiliary driving lamp = lamp
suplementing the light from the
headlamps, such as a fog lamp or
spot lamp: Đèn lái phụ.

 auxiliary gearbox = extra
gearbox used in conjunction with
the main (manual) gearbox to
provide an additional range of
speeds: Hộp số phụ.
 auxiliary leaf = helper leaf (in
a leaf spring): Lá nhíp phụ
AVC = AUTOMATIC VOLUME
CONTROL
average 1 n. mean value or rate: giá
trò trung bình.
2 v. to achieve a certain mean
value or rate: Đạt giá trò trung
bình.

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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
average speed

21

3 a. found by calculating the
mean value or rate: Giá trò trung
bình
 average speed or fuel
consumption = the distance
covered divided by the time taken
or the fuel used: Tốc độ trung

bình (mức tiêu thụ nhiên liệu
trung bình).
aviation fuel n. fuel suitable for
aircraft: Nhiên liệu cho máy bay.
awl n. tool with a sharp point and a
fluted blade for piercing holes:
Cái dùi, cái đột lỗ.
awning n. roof of canvas or similar
material stretched out from e.g. a
caravan for protection from the
sun and rain: Mái che, mui xe.
axis n. centreline about which a body
can or could rotate, or which
divides a figure into two
symmetrical parts: Trục (quay)
axle n. transverse bar, tube, shaft or
beam which carries wheels at
their end: Trục, vi sai (cầu xe).
 axle casing = external,
basically
tubular
housing
containing the differential and
half-shafts and with bearings at
either end for the hubs: Vỏ vi sai.

axle shaft
 axle housing = AXLE
CASING: Vỏ cầu xe (vi sai).
 axle load = AXLE WEIGHT:

Tải trọng cầu xe.
 axle stand = tripod which is
adjustable for height and used for
supporting the vehicle for longer
jobs: Con đội chết 3 chân
 axle tramp = rocking or
oscillation of an axle under heavy
acceleration or braking due to
inadequate damping: Sự rung
động của cầu khi tăng tốc hoặc
phanh
 axle tube = that part of the axle
casing enclosing the half-shaft, or
the tube forming a tubular rigid
axle: Vỏ cầu (vi sai) phần bán
trục
 axle weight = that part of the
weight of a vehicle resting on the
wheels of an axle: Tải trọng cầu
xe.
 axle drive n. final drive:
Truyền động cuối cùng.
 axle shaft n. short shaft
connecting the differential and the
drive shaft on each side in an
independent suspension layout:
Bán trục cầu xe.

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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
Babbitt metal

22

self-induction back-voltage

Bb
Babbitt metal n. alloy of tin, copper,
antimony,
and
lead
still
occasionally used for bearing
surfaces: Hợp kim chống mài
mòn trong bề mặt bạc lót
baby seat n. seat for babies weighing
up to about 20 lbs, normally
installed facing backwards on the
front seat and allowing a half
upright seating position: Ghế dành
cho trẻ em
BAC = Blood Alcohol Content: Nồng
độ cồn trong máu.
back axle n. rear axle, usually on a
four wheel vehicle: Cầu sau.
 back axle ratio = FINAL
DRIVE RATIO: Tỉ số truyền
động cuối cùng.

backbone chassis n. chassis based on
a single central spine carrying or
containing the drive train, the body
shell being mounted on outriggers:
Khung chính
backfire 1 n. explosion either at the
wrong time in the cylinder, or of
unburnt or only partly burnt
mixture in the exhaust system,
causing a loud bang: Tiếng nổ ở
ống thải do lửa trễ hoặc hoà khí
chưa cháy hết.
2 v. to make a loud bang as a result
of unburnt or only partly burnt
mixture exploding in the exhaust
system or in the cylinder: Gây ra
tiếng nổ lớn ở pô
backlash n. excessive play in a
mechanical system such as gears

or linkages, due to looseness or
flexing: Khoảng chết, khe hở.
backing light n. US = REAR
WINDOW: Kính sau.
 US backing heater or
defogging system = heated rear
window: Hệ thống xông kính sau.
 back panel n. = REAR PANEL
backplate n. fixed heavy-gauge metal
plate attached to the suspension

and carrying the brake shoes and
brake operating mechanism of a
drum brake, or the plate carrying
the brake pad in a disc brake:
Mâm phanh
(NOTE: US - English is backing
plate)
back pressure n. any pressure holding
back the flow of the gases in an
exhaust system: Áp suất ngược
của khí thải
backrest n. back of a seat: Lưng ghế
back up v. US = REVERSING: De
xe, lùi xe.
back up alarm n. US reverse
warning signal: Kèn báo lùi xe.
 back-up light n. US =
REVERSING LIGHT: Đèn lùi xe.
back-voltage n. voltage which
opposes the current when the
current in an inductive circuit
changes and the magnetic fields
cuts the conductors: Điện áp
ngược.
 self-induction back-voltage =
back-voltage produced by selfinduction;
this
induced
electromotive force opposes the

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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
badge

23

change in current and enhancing it
if the current is decreasing: Điện
áp ngược tự cảm.
badge n. typically, the maker’s logo in
coloured enamel on chrome plate
but can also be letters or symbols
indicating a particular type or
model, such as V-12, 16V, fiesta,
etc.: Biểu tượng, mác.
baffle (plate) n. usually transverse
steel plate reducing the flow or
motion of gases or liquids, e.g. in a
silencer, in the sump of an engine
or in a fuel tank: Tấm chắn (giảm
dòng chảy)
bake v. to dry or cure (a paint or other
finish) using heat: Nung, sấy.
bakelite n. proprietary, hard, brittle
plastic used in the early days of
plastic engineering, esp. for
electrical parts because of its good
insulating properties: Nhựa cách

điện, nhựa bakêlit.
balance 1 n. state in which weight is
evenly distributed: Sự cân bằng.
2 v. to fix weights, e.g. to the rim
of a wheel or to a crankshaft in
order to correct weight distribution
and thus reduce vibration: Làm
cân bằng.

balance
crankshaft
=
crankshaft with extended webs to
form
counterbalances
or
a
vibration damper: Trục khuỷu đã
được cân bằng động (nhờ đối
trọng)
 balanced engine = engine in
which all reciprocating parts such
as pistons and connecting rods are
adjusted to exactly the same
weight: Động cơ đã cân bằng

balk ring
 balance control n. knob or slide
control which adjusts the level of
the left and right speakers of a

stereo system: Nút cân bằng âm
thanh giữa loa trái và phải.
 balance disc n. balance device
in centrifugal pumps, in the front of
a disc fitted to the pump shaft,
which lifts when a force is
generated on the underside of the
disc, leaking pressure until the
axial forces are balanced: Đóa cân
bằng (bơm ly tâm)
 balance pipe n. in a twin
carburetor layout, a pipe joining
the inlet tracts or choke tubes of
the two carburetors to even out
differences in flow: Ống cân bằng
(bộ chế hòa khí).
 balance shaft n. additional
rotating shaft in the crankcase
fitted with counterweights, esp. in
single and twin cylinder engines,
to reduce vibration: Trục cân
bằng.
 balance weight n. small lead
weight fitted to the wheel rim to
restore wheel balance: Miếng chì
bấm niềng xe
 balancer n. wheel balancer:
Thiết bò cân bằng bánh xe.
 balancing n. adjustment of
incorrect and uneven weight

distribution: Điều chỉnh để cân
bằng động.
 balancing weight = balance
weight
bald tyre n. tyre on which the tread is
completely worn away: Lốp xe
quá mòn
balk ring n. =baulk ring: Vòng cản

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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
ball

24

ball n. (a) spherical part, e.g. in a ball
bearing or a ball socket joint: Bi
(b) = TOWBALL: Khớp nối cầu.
 ball and nut steering n. =
recirculating ball steering: Hệ
thống lái kiểu bi tuần hoàn
 ball and socket (joint) n. = ball
joint: Khớp cầu.
ballast ignition system n. ignition
system
incorporating a ballast
resistor connected in series with
the coil primary winding and

bypassed when the starter is
operated, ensuring improved cold
starting performance and spark
efficiency: Hệ thống đánh lửa có
điện trở phụ.
 ballast resistor = resistor in
which the resistance increase as
the current passing through it
increases, use in motor vehicles to
control the output from the coil at
high engine speeds and provide a
better spark for starting: Điện trở
phụ.
ball bearing n. most common type of
antifriction bearing, comprising
two rings or races between which
hardened steel balls run in tracks,
and able to absorb both axial and
radial loads: Bạc đạn bi, vòng bi,
ổ bi
 ball bearing puller = puller for
removing ball bearings that sit on a
shaft and in a housing: Cảo ổ bi
(bạc đạn)
 ball cage n. circular frame
which holds the balls in place in a
ball bearing: Vòng (rế) bi.
 ball end hexagon screwdriver
n. screwdriver with a ball type

bandwidth
hexagon tip allowing it to be used
at an angle of up to 300 from the
screw head: Tua nơ vít đầu lục
giác có vòng bi.
 ball joint n. mechanical coupling
in which ball on the end of one part
moves freely within a recessed
spherical socket in the end of
another, often used in suspension
and steering linkages: Khớp cầu.
 ball joint separator = tool for
forcing out ball or tapered joints,
either in the from of the simple
fork with wedge–shaped jaw
which is struck with a hammer to
separate the joint,or a tool using
direct pressure from a screw–
activated lever action to split the
joint: Thiết bò tháo khớp cầu.
ball peen hammer n. hammer with a
head having one flat and one
rounded end: Búa đầu tròn.
 ball socket n. recessed spherical
socket for receiving the ball in a
ball joint: Hốc cầu.
 ball valve n. non-return valve
comprising a recessed spherical
seating into which a ball fits to
cover a hole, closing if the flow of

liquid is reversed: Van bi (một
chiều)
bal res = BALLAST RESISTOR
band brake n. brake consisting of a
steel band with a friction lining
passing round a drum, which
contracts and grips the drum, when
the brake is applied: Đai phanh
(thắng)
bandwidth n. range of audio
frequencies an audio component

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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
banger

25

such as a car stereo can handle:
Băng tần (radio).
banger n. (informal) old, cheap and
well-worn car, which may however
still be serviceable: Ôtô cũ
 banger racing = racing beat-up
old saloons from which the glass
and trim has been removed on
small tracks, with aggressive
driving and frequent contact

between the car: Cuộc đua ôtô cũ.
banjo n. (a) type of right-angled union
for a pipe or flexible hose,
comprising a ring–shaped piece on
the end of the pipe through which a
threaded hollow bolt is passed: Đai
siết ống, cổ dê
(b) drum-shaped central part of an
axle
casing
containing
the
differential: Bán cầu vi sai.
 banjo axle = rear axle with a
drum-shaped differential casing:
Vỏ cầu vi sai dạng bán cầu.
bar n. unit of pressure; one bar equals
100 kilopascals or 14.5 poundforce per square inch: Đơn vò đo
áp suất.
bar clamp n. tool with a fixed head
and a sliding foot for clamping
purposes: Thanh kẹp.
barometric pressure sensor or baro
n. sensor in an engine management
system providing information on
ambient barometric pressure for
the adjustment of mixture etc.,
which is important for the
maintenance of good engine
performance at different altitudes:

Cảm biến đo áp suất khí quyển.
barrel n. main tubular section of a
carburetor including the air intake

baseplate
and choke tube: Họng khuếch tán
bộ chế hòa khí.
barrier cream n. special cream
recommended for use when
working on cars to reduce soiling
of the hands and prevent skin
infections or allergic reactions
when working with substance such
as oils, thinners, paints, etc.: Kem
bảo vệ da.
 barrier effect n. the effect
produced by coatings sheilding
especially metal surfaces from
corrosive agents: Tác dụng chống
ăn mòn
 barrier paint n. primer which
isolates a top coat from a surface
or other finish with which it is
incompatible: Sơn lót.
base n. lowest supporting part of a
usually upright member, or bottom
layer or coating in a paint system:
Nền, đế, bệ, căn bản
 base coat n. first coat in a paint
system, either an undercoat or

primer, or a coloured coat to be
cover in a coat of clear lacquer:
Lớp sơn lót
 base material n. material under
a coating or which is to be coated:
Vật liệu nền
 base metal n. metal under a
coating or which is to be coated:
Kim loại nền
 base metal attack = corrosion
of the metal under a finish: Sự ăn
mòn kim loại nền
 baseplate n. strong metal plate
which forms the base of
something: Tấm đế kim loại.

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