General orrganic and biological chemistry structures off liffe 5th CH1 chemistry in our lives GOB structures 5th ed

Lecture Presentation

Chapter 1
Chemistry in
Our Lives

Karen C. Timberlake
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e
Karen C. Timberlake

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.


Chapter 1 Chemistry in our Lives
Forensic scientists work in
crime laboratories where
they analyze bodily fluids
and tissue samples
collected by the crime
scene investigators.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e
Karen C. Timberlake

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.


1.1 Chemistry and Chemicals
Chemists working in
laboratories test new
products and develop

new pharmaceuticals.

Learning Goal Define the term chemistry and identify substances as
chemicals.
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e
Karen C. Timberlake

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.


What is Chemistry?
Chemistry
• is the study of composition,
structure, properties, and
reactions of matter.
• happens all around you
every day.
Antacid tablets undergo a
chemical reaction when dropped
in water.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e
Karen C. Timberlake

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.


Chemistry and Matter
Matter is another word for all substances that make up
our world.

•

Antacid tablets are matter.

•

Water is matter.

•

Glass is matter.

•

Air is matter.

          
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e
Karen C. Timberlake

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.


Chemicals
Chemicals are
•

substances that have the
same composition and
properties wherever found.

•

often substances made by
chemists that you use
every day.
Toothpaste is a combination
of many chemicals.

          

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e
Karen C. Timberlake

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.


Chemicals in Toothpaste

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e
Karen C. Timberlake

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.


Chemicals in the Kitchen

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e
Karen C. Timberlake

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.


Study Check
Which of the following contains chemicals?
A. Sunlight
B. Fruit
C. Milk
D. Breakfast cereal

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e
Karen C. Timberlake

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.


Solution
Which of the following contains chemicals?
A. Sunlight is energy; it does not contain chemicals.
B. Fruit is a type of matter; it contains chemicals.
C. Milk is a type of matter; it contains chemicals.
D. Breakfast cereal is a type of matter; it contains
chemicals.
Only B. fruit, C. milk, and D. breakfast cereal
contain chemicals.
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e
Karen C. Timberlake

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e
Karen C. Timberlake

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.


1.2 Scientific Method

Thinking Like a
Scientist
Linus Pauling won
the Nobel Prize in
chemistry in 1954.

Learning Goal Describe the activities that are part of the
scientific method.
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e
Karen C. Timberlake

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.


The Scientific Method
The scientific method is a set of general principles that
helps to describe how a scientist thinks.
1. Make observations about nature and ask questions
about what you observe.
2. Propose a hypothesis, which states a possible
explanation of the observations.

3. Several experiments may be done to test the
hypothesis.
4. When results of the experiments are analyzed, a
conclusion is made as to whether the hypothesis may
be true or false.
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e
Karen C. Timberlake

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.


Using the Scientific Method
Suppose you visit a friend in her home and soon after
you arrive, you begin to sneeze.
•

You observe that your friend has a new cat.

•

You ask yourself why you are sneezing and form a
hypothesis that you are allergic to cats.

•

You perform experiments to test your hypothesis by
visiting other friends with cats.

•

If you sneeze after leaving the other homes with
cats, you come to the conclusion that your
hypothesis is correct.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e
Karen C. Timberlake

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.


Using the Scientific Method
Through your observations, you may determine that you
are allergic to cat hair and dander.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e
Karen C. Timberlake

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.


Using the Scientific Method
The hypothesis is
modified if the results
of the experiments do
not support it.

The scientific method
develops conclusions
using observations,
hypotheses, and

experiments.
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e
Karen C. Timberlake

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.


Study Check
Identify each of the following as an observation (O), a
hypothesis (H), an experiment (E), or a conclusion (C):
A. During your visit to the gym, your trainer records that you
ran for 25 minutes on the treadmill.
B. Scientific studies show that exercising lowers blood
pressure.
C. Your doctor thinks that your weight loss is due to
increased exercise.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e
Karen C. Timberlake

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.


Solution
Identify each of the following as an observation (O), a
hypothesis (H), an experiment (E), or a conclusion (C):
A. During your visit to the gym, your trainer records that you
ran for 25 minutes on the treadmill. Observation (O)
B. Scientific studies show that exercising lowers blood
pressure. Conclusion (C)

C. Your doctor thinks that your weight loss is due to
increased exercise. Hypothesis (H)

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e
Karen C. Timberlake

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.


General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e
Karen C. Timberlake

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.


1.3 Learning Chemistry: A Study Plan
Studying in a group
can be beneficial to
learning.

Learning Goal Develop a study plan for learning chemistry.
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e
Karen C. Timberlake

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.


Text Features That Help You Study
1. Periodic Table
2. Tables

- inside front cover

- inside back cover

3. Looking Ahead

- beginning of each chapter

4. Glossary and Index
5. Key Math Skills

- end of text
- icons in the margin

6. Core Chemistry Skills

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e
Karen C. Timberlake

- icons in the margin

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.


Chapter Readiness
At the beginning of each chapter are highlighted
•

Key Math Skills from previous chapters to help you

understand chemical calculations in this chapter.

•

Core Chemistry Skills from previous chapters related
to the current chapter concepts.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e
Karen C. Timberlake

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.


Before Reading
Before you begin to read the chapter,
•

obtain an overview of the chapter by reading
Looking Ahead.

•

look at the section title and rephrase it as a question.

•

review the Learning Goal that tells you what to expect in
that section.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e

Karen C. Timberlake

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.


As You Read
As you read the chapter,
try to answer the question you made from the section title.
work through the Sample Problems and review the visual
Guide to Problem Solving.
an Analyze the Problem feature shows you how to organize
the data in some word problems.
try the Questions and Problems that allow you to apply
problem solving to the new concepts.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e
Karen C. Timberlake

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.


Throughout the Chapter
Throughout the chapter, there are tools that help you
connect the chemical concepts you are learning to real life.
Chemistry Link to Health
Chemistry Link to the Environment
Clinical Application Problems

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e
Karen C. Timberlake

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.