Group a counseling specialty 7e pearson by t gladding chapter 01

Chapter 1
Types of Group Work
Prepared by: Nathaniel N. Ivers, Wake Forest
University
Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
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Roadmap


Qualities of a Group



ASGW Definition of Group Work

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Types of Groups
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Task/Work
Psychoeducational
Counseling
Psychotherapy

Mixed

Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding

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Qualities of a Group


Groups include two or more individuals who meet face-to-face or
virtually

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Groups are interactive



Groups are interdependent

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Group members are aware of belonging to the group



Groups are purposeful – focus on achieving agreed upon goals
(Adapted from Johnson & Johnson,
2013)

Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding

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Group Work


“A broad professional practice involving the application of
knowledge and skill in group facilitation to assist an
interdependent collection of people to reach their mutual goals,
which may be intrapersonal, interpersonal, or work related. The
goals of the group may include the accomplishment of tasks
related to work, education, personal development, personal and
interpersonal problem solving, or remediation of mental and
emotional disorders”
(ASGW, 2000, pp. 329-330)

Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding

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Types of Groups


Task/Work Groups



Psychoeducational Groups



Counseling Groups



Psychotherapy Groups



Mixed Groups

Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding

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Types of Groups -

Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding

Conceptual Models

1-6

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Task/Work Groups


Foster “efficient and effective accomplishment of group tasks
among people who are gathered to accomplish group task goals
(ASGW, 2000, p. 330).



Emphasize accomplishment and efficiency in successfully
completing identified tasks through collaboration (Falco et al.,

2006)

Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding

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Task/Work Groups Run Best
When. . .
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the purpose of the group is clear to all
participants,
process and content issues are balanced,
the systems of the group as a whole, leader,
member, and subsets of members are
recognized and acknowledged,
time is taken for culture building and
learning about each other,

the ethic of collaboration, cooperation, and
mutual respect is developed and nurtured,
(Hulse-Killacky, Killacky, & Donigian, 2001)

Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding

1-8

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Task/Work Groups Run Best
When. . .
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conflict is addressed,
feedback is exchanged,
leaders pay attention to the here-and-now,
members are active resources,
members learn to be effective and

influential participants,
leaders exhibit a range of skills for helping
members address task and human relations
issues,
members and leaders take time to reflect
on what is happening.
(Hulse-Killacky, Killacky, & Donigian, 2001)

Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding

1-9

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Task/Work Groups
(Tasking)


Focus is on DOING



Group goal is specific



Emphasis placed on accomplishing the

task.



Often product-oriented



Commonly labeled as “task-force”,
“work group”, “ad hoc committee.”

Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding

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Psychoeducational Groups


Originally developed for use in educational settings, specifically
public schools
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“educational groups”
“guidance groups”

“Emphasizes using education methods to acquire information and
develop related meaning and skills” (Brown, 1997, p. 1).


Can be preventive, growth oriented, or
remedial in their purpose and focus

Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding

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Psychoeducational Groups


Used in a wide variety of settings outside of schools:
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Hospitals
Mental health agencies
Correctional institutions
Social service agencies
Spiritual settings
Universities

Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding

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Psychoeducational Groups


Psychoeducational groups include
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“discussion groups
guided group interactions

recovery groups
support groups
orientation groups
educational groups
student-centered learning groups”
(Rivera et al., 2004, p. 391)

Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding

1-13

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Psychoeducational Groups


Elements of designing and planning for a successful
psychoeducational group:


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

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stating the purpose
establishing goals

setting objectives
selecting content
designing experiential activities
Evaluating
(Furr, 2000)

Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding

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Psychoeducational Groups


Stress growth through knowledge (ASGW, 1991, 2000)



Emphasize transmitting, discussing, and integrating factual
knowledge (Rivera et al., 2004)



Content includes but is not limited to personal, social, vocational,
and educational information.

Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding

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Counseling Groups


Preventative, growth oriented, and remedial



“Generally considered to be a treatment mode that is equal in
effectiveness to individual counseling” (Stockton, Morran, &
Krieger, 2004, p. 65)



May be referred to as interpersonal problem-solving groups.

Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding

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Counseling Groups


Counseling groups emphasize improvement of interpersonal
relationships and the intrapersonal growth of members.



Although goals are personal, the group as a whole may also share
them.



Often, topics covered are developmental or situational.

Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding

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Psychotherapy Groups




Address “personal and interpersonal problems of living . . . among
people who may be experiencing severe and/or chronic
maladjustment” (ASGW, 2000, p. 331)
Are remedial in nature and emphasize helping people with serious
psychological problems of long duration by confronting them with
“their unconscious conflicts so that they may be resolved” (LevWiesel, 2003, p. 240)

Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding

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Psychotherapy Groups


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

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Found most often in mental health facilities, such as clinics and
hospitals
Emphasize therapy by the group rather than therapy in the group

(Grossmark, 2007)
May be open-ended (admitting new members at any time) or
closed-ended (not admitting new members after the first session).
A primary aim is to reconstruct or rectify the personalities or
intrapersonal function of members of the group (Brammer et al.,
1993; Gazda et al., 2001)

Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding

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Psychotherapy Group Leaders


Are mental health experts with specialized training and expertise
in dealing with people with emotional problems



Often operate from a theoretical position.

Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding

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Mixed Groups


Mixed groups encompass multiple ways of working with group
members and may change their emphasis at different times in the
development of the group.



Self-help and support groups, as an example, are often
psychoeducational, psychotherapeutic, and task driven.
Leadership may be by a professional helper or support group
member.

Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding

1-21

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.