Group a counseling specialty 7e pearson by t gladding chapter 03
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Chapter 3
Effective Group Leadership
Prepared by: Nathaniel N. Ivers, Wake Forest
University
Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Roadmap
Definition of Leadership
Leadership Styles
Personal Qualities of Effective Leaders
Knowledge and Skills
Roles and Functions
Co-Leaders
Group Supervision
Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
3-2
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Leadership Defined
Disagreement exists about what a leader is.
However, some common responsibilities of effective leadership,
particularly with groups, can be distinguished:
Envisioning goals
Motivating people
Achieving a workable unity in an
appropriate and timely manner
Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
3-3
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Group Leadership Styles
Authoritarian Group Leaders
Democratic Group Leaders
Laissez-faire Group Leaders
Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
3-4
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Authoritarian Group Leaders
Envision themselves as experts
Tend to be rigid and conventional in their beliefs (Cheng et al., 1998)
Interpret, give advice, and generally direct the movement of the group
Demand obedience and conformity from group members
Theory X leaders
Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
3-5
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Democratic Group Leaders
Are more group-centered and less directive than authoritarian leaders
Trust group participants to develop their own potential and that of other
group members
Serve as facilitators of the group process
Cooperate, collaborate, and share responsibilities with the group
Are more humanistically and phenomenologically oriented
Are Theory Y Leaders (McGregor, 1960)
Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
3-6
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Laissez-faire Leaders
Are leaders in name only
Do not provide structure or direction of their groups, creating a groupcentered perspective of operation
Are considered Theory Z leaders (Ouchi, 1981)
Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
3-7
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Personal Qualities of Effective Group
Leaders
Poise
Judgment
Empathy
Ego strength
Freedom from excessive anxiety
A desire to help people
(Slavson, 1962)
Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
3-8
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Personal Qualities of Effective Group
Leaders
Tolerance of frustration
Imagination
Intuition
Perceptiveness
Ability to avoid self-preoccupation
(Slavson, 1962)
Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
3-9
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Personal Qualities of Effective Group
Leaders
Courage
Willingness to model
Presence
Goodwill and caring
Belief in group process
Openness
(Corey et al., 2014)
Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
3-10
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Personal Qualities of Effective Group
Leaders
Nondefensiveness in coping with attacks
Personal power
Stamina
Willingness to seek new experiences
Self-awareness
Humor
Inventiveness
(Corey et al., 2014)
Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
3-11
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Group Leader Knowledge
Course work and experiential requirements
Knowledge of specializations, theories, and research as well as skills
Assessment of group members and social systems
Planning and implementing group interventions
Leadership and co-leadership
Evaluation
Ethical practice, best practice, and diversity-competent practice (ASGW,
2000)
Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
3-12
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Specific Group Skills
Facilitating
Protecting
Blocking
Linking
Diagnosing
Reality testing
Modification
Delegating
Creativity
Emotion regulation
Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
3-13
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Group Leadership Roles and
Functions
Six essential roles and functions that a group leader must carry out:
Group member selection
pre-group preparation
Positive leader-member relationship
Group structure
Group cohesion
Leader communication and feedback
(Riva et
al., 2004)
Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
3-14
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Group Leader Roles and Functions
Traffic Director
Modeler of Appropriate Behavior
Interactional Catalyst
Communication Facilitator
Conflict Mediator
Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
3-15
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Group Leader Roles and Functions
Five specific techniques for managing conflict in groups:
Withdrawal from the conflict
Suppressing conflict
Integrating conflicting ideas to form new
solutions
Working out a compromise
Using power to resolve the conflict
(Kormanski, 1982; Simpson, 1977)
Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
3-16
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Co-Leaders in Groups
A professional or a professional-in training who undertakes the
responsibility of sharing the leadership of a group with another leader in a
mutually determined manner in order to facilitate counseling, therapy, or
group member interaction.
Occurs often, especially in groups with a membership of 12 or more.
Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
3-17
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Co-leaders in Groups - Advantages
Ease of handling the group in difficult situations
Uses of modeling
Feedback
Shared specialized knowledge
Pragmatic considerations
Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
3-18
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Co-Leaders in Groups - Limitations
Lack of coordinated efforts
Two leader focused
Competition
Collusion
Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
3-19
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Group Leadership Training
Group-Based Training
Group Generalist Model
Educational and Developmental Procedure
Systematic Group Leadership Training
Critical-Incident Model and Intervention Cube
Skilled Group Counseling Training Model
Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
3-20
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Group Supervision
Increases supervisees’ independence and self-confidence (Linton, 2003)
Helps supervisees broaden their understanding from a focus on individual
issues to interpersonal and group-as-a-system issues (Rubel & Okech,
2006)
Peer group supervision is another way of providing group leaders with
supervision.
Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Samuel Gladding
3-21
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
