Introductory visualizing technology 5th by debra geoghan chapter 11

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Chapter 11

Databases


Objectives
1. Identify the Parts of a Database
2. Compare the Four Types of Databases
3. Explain Database Management Systems
4. Discuss Important Types of Information Systems
5. List Examples of Databases Used in Law
Enforcement and Research

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Identify the Parts of a Database

Objective 1

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Database Basics
Tables, Fields, and Records

 Database
Collection of information
Organized in a useful way
Database records are
organized into tables

Objective 1

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Database Basics
Tables, Fields, and Records
 Table
Database object
Data arranged in rows and columns

 Field
Single piece of information in a record
Primary key a special field that uniquely identifies a record

 Record
Row of data
Describes a particular entry
Objective 1

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Database Basics
Forms, Queries, and Reports
 Form
Enter data and display information
Easy-to-read layout

 Query
Retrieves specific data from one
or more tables

 Report
Displays the data from a table or a query
Easy-to-read-and-print format
Objective 1

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Compare the Four Types of Databases

Objective 2

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A Database for Every Purpose
Flat Databases
 Simplest type
 Consists of a single list of items
 Can be a list or a table in a
document or spreadsheet
 Examples:
Shopping list
To-do list

Objective 2

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A Database for Every Purpose
Relational Databases
 Most common type
 Multiple tables or relations
 Related by common information
 Reduces data redundancy

Objective 2

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A Database for Every Purpose
Relational Databases
 Types of relationships:
One-to-many – a single record in one table links to multiple
records in another table
One-to-one – a single record in one table links to a single
record in another table
Many-to-many – Multiple records in one table can link to
multiple records in another table

Objective 2

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A Database for Every Purpose
Object-Oriented Databases
 Data stored as objects
 Used by modern programming
languages
C++
Java

 Used for more complicated types
of data
Images

Video
Audio
Objective 2

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A Database for Every Purpose
Multidimensional Databases
 Optimized for storing and utilizing data
 Can be created using input from existing relational
databases
 Structures information as multidimensional data cubes

Objective 2

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A Database for Every Purpose
Multidimensional Databases
 Data warehouse
Central repository for all data that an enterprise uses

 Data mining
Discovering relationships between data items

 Online analytical processing (OLAP)
Enables users to selectively extract and view data from
different points of view

Objective 2

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Explain Database Management Systems

Objective 3

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The Tools of the Trade
Creating a Database
 A database management system (DMS) is software
used to create and manage data in a database
 Examples:
Microsoft Access
MySQL
Microsoft SQL Server
Oracle

FileMaker Pro
Objective 3

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The Tools of the Trade
Creating a Database
 Data dictionary
Defines data fields and types of data

 Data type
Defines the kind of data to enter into a field

 Data normalization
Reduces data redundancy
Reduces the size of the database
Easier to keep records up to date
Increases query speed
Objective 3

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The Tools of the Trade
Data Validation

 Reduces data entry errors
 Prevents user from entering
wrong type of information

Objective 3

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The Tools of the Trade
Structured Query Language (SQL)
 A query language is used to ask questions in a
database
 Structured Query Language(SQL) is the query
language used in most DBMSs today
 SQL statements use relational keywords:
SELECT
WHERE
FROM
AND
Objective 3

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The Tools of the Trade

Output

Objective 3

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Discuss Important Types
of Information Systems

Objective 4

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Data In … Information Out
Office Support Systems (OSS)
 Also called office automation systems
 Software and hardware that improves productivity of
employees
 Automates common tasks
 Microsoft Office

Objective 4

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Data In … Information Out
Transaction Processing (TPS)
 Links multiple operations that make
up a transaction
 Ensures all operations in transaction
are completed without error
 Must pass the ACID test
Atomicity
Consistency
Isolation
Durability

 Example: paying tuition bill
Objective 4

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Data In … Information Out
Management Information Systems
(MIS)

 Includes:

Software
Hardware
Data resources
Decision support systems
People
Project management applications

 Generates reports
 Creates “What-if” simulations
 Example: HR manager could use an MIS for hiring and
recruiting

Objective 4

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Data In … Information Out
Decision Support Systems (DSS)
 Helps make decisions
when there is
uncertainty about
outcomes
 Example: local business
wanting to expand

Objective 4

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Data In … Information Out
Business Intelligence (BI) and Big Data
 People, hardware, and software that support dataintensive applications
 Data mining
 Data warehousing
 OLAP
 DSSs
 Big data
Simply means the collection of large amounts of data from
multiple sources
Objective 4

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