Systems analysis and development CIS210 ch 02

CIS 210
Systems Analysis
and Development
Week 1 Part II
The Origins of Software


Objectives
• Upon completion of part II you will be able to:
– Understand and be able to explain the concepts
related to the origins of software


Overview
• Sources of Software
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Outsourcing
Hardware manufacturers
Packaged software providers
Custom software providers
Vendors of enterprise-wide solution software
Application service providers
The organization itself

Outsourcing
• Defining Outsourcing
– Spectrum of working arrangements
– Another firm running your applications
• Your computers
• Their computer

– Growing segment of information systems industry

• Reasons to Outsource
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Cost effective
Free-up internal resources
Increase revenue potential
Reduce time to marker
Process efficiencies
Outsource non-core activities

• Your Role as an Analyst
– Consult organizations
– Know your requirements

Sources of Software
• Hardware Manufacturers
– Among largest producers of software
– IBM
• Web servers
• Application servers

– Compaq
– Hewlett


Sources of Software
• Packaged Software Providers
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Phenomenal growth
Microsoft
Off-the-shelf systems
Turnkey systems


Sources of Software
• Custom Software Providers
– EDS
– Accenture
– Used when company lacks expertise to build custom
system

Sources of Software
• Vendors of Enterprise-Wide Solution Software,
– Complete solutions
– Integrated modules
– Benefits
• Single repository
• Flexibility

– Disadvantages
• Complexity
• Costs


Sources of Software
• Application Service Providers
– Rent or license from third party
– Access through Internet
– Advantages
• Less staff
• Save on costs
• Access to complex systems

– Disadvantages
• Less control


Sources of Software
• In-House Development

– Progressively smaller piece of all systems
– Smaller portion of time and effort
– Hybrid solutions
• Some in-house
• Some purchases


Choosing
Off-the-Shelf Software
• Criteria for Choosing Software
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Cost
Functionality
Vendor support
Viability of the vendor
Flexibility
Documentation
Response time
Ease of installation


Reuse

• Defining Reuse
– Using previously written software
– Generic bits and pieces

• Object-Oriented Reuse
• Component-Based Reuses
• Types of Reuse
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Ad-hoc
Facilitated
Managed
Designed


Summary
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Outsourcing

Hardware Manufacturers
Packaged Software
Custom Software
Enterprise Solutions software
Application Service Providers
In-house Development
Choosing Off-the-Shelf Software
Reuse