NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH CƠ BẢN_ CÓ BÀI TẬP

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1: TENSES OF VERBS
I. LÝ THUYẾT:
 Thời điểm hiện tại:
1. Hiện tại đơn:
* Công thức thành lập:
- S(số ít )* + V ( s /es ) + …
 S + doesn’t Vo + …
 Does + S + Vo ….?
- S (số nhiều )* + V1 + …
 S + don’t Vo + …
 Do + S + Vo + …?
- S + is (not) + …
am (not)


are (not)
Is
Are + S + …?
Am

Notes:
- S (số ít ): He / She / It / N tên 1 người or vật / N kdđ* / N đ đ số ít / Ns chỉ căn bệnh*, thời gian*,
khoảng cách*, tiền bạc*, môn học*, một số N riêng* / Ving / to Vo.
+ N k đ đ: money, water , milk, alcohol, liquor, housework, homework, funiture, luggage, wine,
food, time, weather, soup, beer , information, advice, music, traffic, …
+ Ns chỉ căn bệnh: measles, mumps, sars, AIDS , rickets, …
+ Ns chỉ thời gian: 10 years, 2 months, …
+ Ns chỉ khoảng cách: 3 miles, 5 kilometres, …
+ Ns chỉ tiền bạc: 6 dollars, 7 pounds, …
+ Ns chỉ môn học: linguistics, economics, physics , …
+ Danh từ riêng :

- Algiers
thủ đô của nước An-giê-ri
- Athens
thủ đô của Hy Lạp
- Brussels
thủ đô của Bỉ
- Marseilles
một thành phố của Pháp
- Naples
một thành phố ở Ý
- The Phillipines
nước Philipin
- The United Nations
Liên Hiệp Quốc
- Wales
xứ Gan ( thuộc nước Anh)
- S (số nhiều ): We / You / They / N tên 2 người or vật / N đ đ số nhiều
* Cách dùng:
- Dùng để chỉ các hành động thói quen, hoạt động mang tính chất lặp đi lặp lại.
Ex: She usually gets up at 6 a.m.
- Dùng để chỉ các sự kiện và sự thật hiển nhiên, chân lý.
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Ex:Water freezes at 0 degree centigrade.
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
Thường thì khi trong câu có các cụm từ sau ta chia động từ ở thì hiện tại đơn :
Every____ (everyday, everyweek, everynight,…..)
Often, sometimes, usually, always, seldom, rarely……
Twice a week, once a week….

Today
( Right ) now, at the present, at the moment*
Always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely*
Notes:
- “Always ….” thường được sử dụng ở 2 thì: hiện tại đơn hoặc quá khứ đơn (tùy theo dấu hiệu).
 Example: Lan usually goes to school at 6:00 everyday.
Lan usually went to school at 6:00 everyday last year.
- “ (right ) now, at the present, at the moment” được dùng ở 2 thì: hiện tại đơn (nếu V không kéo
dài) và hiện tại tiếp diễn (nếu V kéo dài).
V không kéo dài:
- V chỉ tri giác: feel, know, understand, realize, meet, see, hear, find, notice, remember, forget, regret,
recognize, miss, ...
- V chỉ sự yêu ghét: love, like, enjoy, hate, dislike,…
- V khác: be, lose, start, begin, continue, …
 Động từ “have” thường dùng ở thì tiếp diễn khi :
breakfast
lunch
have
dinner
shower
a bath
 Những trường hợp còn lại “have” được chia ở thì đơn hoặc hoàn thành.
- Example: When I came, she was having dinner.
I have 2 books.
2.Present continuous :
* Công thức thành lập:
- S + is / am /are + V-ing
- S + is (not) + Ving
are (not)
am (not)

- Is + S + Ving ?

* Cách dùng:
- Dùng để chỉ một hành động đang được tiến hành trong lúc đang nói.
Ex : Listen! The bird is singing.
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I am studying now.
- Một hành động đang quanh quẩn xảy ra bây giờ nhưng không nhất thiết xảy ra vào lúc nói.
Ex :I am reading a very good story.
- Một hành động dự kiến trong tương lai gần mà đã được sắp xếp xong và chắc chắn xảy ra.
Ex : They are playing tennis next week.
- Với chữ always đế diễn tả một lời phàn nàn.
Ex : You are always borrowing my money.
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
Thường thì khi trong câu có các cụm từ sau ta chia động từ ở thì hiện tại tiếp diễn:
- Câu bắt đầu bằng một mệnh lệnh như: Listen!, Look!, Pay attention!, Keep silent!....
- now, right now, at the moment, at the present,
Exersise. Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để hoàn thành câu:
1. At this moment I __________ that we have a good chance of victory.
a. feel
b. was feeling
c. am feeling
d. had been feeling
2. Due to WTO commitments, many economic sectors in Vietnam ______________ strong
competition now.
A. faced
B. had faced
C. face

D. are facing
3. We have done a lot of work on tenses lately and we now __________ most of the rules.
a. were understanding
b. understand
c. understood
d. are understanding
4. He _________ in London at the moment.
A. is studying
B. studies
C. has studied
D. will study
5. He ___________ his parents every Sunday.
A. is visisting
B. was visisting
C. visists
D. has visisted
3. Present perfect :
S + have / has + V3/ed
S + haven’t / hasn’t + V3/ed
Have / Has + S + V3/ed?
* Cách dùng:
- Một hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không có thời gian xác định.
Ex: I haven’t met him before.
Ex: I have met him three times.
- Một hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể đến tương lai.
Ex: My father has worked in this company for 10 years.
- Một hành động vừa mới xảy ra, hay hoàn tất.
Ex: She has just gone out.
- Một hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ nhưng chấm dứt vào lúc nói.
Ex: I haven’t seen you for a long time. ( Nhưng bây giờ tôi đã gặp bạn rồi)

* Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
Thường thì khi trong câu có các cụm từ sau ta chia động từ ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành :
- so far, up to now, up to the present, for ages, recently = lately.
- Never, ever, already, before ( trước đây), yet, just *
- since + thời điểm*
- for + khoảng thời gian *
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Notes:
- Never, ever, already, before ( trước đây), yet, just : thường sử dụng ở 2 thì: hiện tại hoàn thành
hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành (tùy theo dấu hiệu chia thì).
 Example: She has just finished her housework.
She had just finished her housework when I came.
- since + thời điểm: được sử dụng như sau:
+ thì hiện tại hoàn thành: She has studied English since 1999.
+ trong cấu trúc: S + V
+ since + S + V (QKĐ)
HTĐ
HTHT
HTHTTD
- for + khoảng thời gian: được sử dụng ở 3 thời điểm, với mỗi thời điểm được chia 2 thì: hoàn
thành (hành động kéo dài or không kéo dài) hoặc hoàn thành tiếp diễn (hành động kéo dài).
 Example: a. _________ for a job for a long time before you got it?
A. Were you looking
B. Have you looked
C. Have you been looking
D. Had you looked
b. By this time this year, my father _________ here for 25 years.
A. are going to work

B. will be working
C. will have been working
D. will work
4. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn:
- S + have / has + been + Ving
Dấu hiệu nhận biết: for + khoảng thời gian (dành cho động từ kéo dài).
 Example
Ex: My father

has worked
has been working
 Thời điểm quá khứ:
1. Simple Past:
* Công thức thành lập:

in this company for 10 years.(tùy đáp án ra)

- S + V2 / ed …
+ S + didn’t +Vo
+ Did + S + Vo ?
- S + was / were…

* Cách dùng:
- Một hành động đã xảy ra và đã hoàn tất ở thời gian xác định trong quá khứ.
Ex: We bought this car two years ago.
- Một thói quen trong quá khứ.
Ex: When I was young, I often went swimming with my friends in this river.
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
Thường thì khi trong câu có các cụm từ sau ta chia động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn :
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yesterday ________ ( yesterday morning, yesterday afternoon,…….)
last _______ ( last year, last night, last week, last month….)
_______ ago ( two years ago, many months ago, ten minutes ago….)
in + year in the past ( một năm nào đó trong quá khứ vd in 1999, in 2001…)
2. Past continuous :
- S + was / were + V-ing
- S + wasn’t / weren’t + Ving
- Was / Were + S + Ving?
* Cách dùng:
- Một hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.
Ex: What were you doing at 7 pm yesterday?
- Một hành động đang xảy ra trong quá khứ (QKTD) thì một hành động khác xảy ra cắt ngang
(QKĐ).
Ex: Mai was watching TV when I came home.
When they were having dinner, she entered their room.
- Hai hành động cùng song song xảy ra trong quá khứ.
Ex:While her mother was cooking dinner, her father was reading books.
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
Thường thì khi trong câu có các cụm từ sau ta chia động từ ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn:
At * + giờ + thời gian trong quá khứ
At this/ that time + thời gian trong quá khứ
Khi hai mệnh đề nối với nhau bằng chữ when hoặc while…
Notes:
“at” xuất hiện ở 3 thời điểm, mỗi thời điểm được chia 2 thì: đơn (động từ không kéo dài)
hoặc thì tiếp diễn (động từ kéo dài).
 Example:
At 3:00 yesterday, she was at home.
At 3:00 yesterday, she was listening to music.

3. Past perfect :
- S + had + V 3 / ed
- S + hadn’t + V3 / ed
_ Had + S + V3 / ed?
* Cách dùng:
- Một hành động đã được hoàn tất trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ.
Ex : He had left the house before she came.
- Một hành động đã được hoàn tất trước một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.
Ex : We had had lunch by two o’clock.
By the age of 25, he had written two famous novels.
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
Thường thì khi trong câu có các cụm từ sau ta chia động từ ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành:
by * + thời gian trong quá khứ
before, after, when, by the time, as soon as, as….
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for + khoảng thời gian
already, never, ever, just
Notes:
“by” xuất hiện ở 2 thời điểm: quá khứ và tương lai, có 2 trường hợp:
QK: QKHT (had + V3 / ed), QKHTTD (had + been + Ving)
- by + giờ + dấu hiệu, S + V
TL: TLHT (will+have+Ve/ed), TLHTTD (will+have+been+Ving)
QKĐ
QKHT
- By the time S + V
,S+V
TLĐ
TLHT

 Example:
a. By the end of this year, my father _________ in this company for 10 years.
A. will work B. will have been working C. has been working D. has worked
b. By the time she arrived home, her parents had gone out.
4. Past perfect continuous:
- S + had been + Ving.
* Dấu hiệu: For + khoảng thời gian, by + giờ + dấu hiệu
 Thời điểm tương lai:
1. Simple future:
- S + will + Vo
- S + won’t + Vo
- Will + S + Vo?
* Cách dùng:
- Một hành động có thể , hay có lẽ xảy ra trong tương lai.
Ex: They will come here next week.
The football match will be over at 7 o’clock.
- Một lời đề nghị hay một yêu cầu ( ở thể nghi vấn)
Ex: Will you go to the cinema with me?
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
Thường thì khi trong câu có các cụm từ sau ta chia động từ ở thì tương lai đơn:
Next ______ ( next week, next month, …..)
At + thời giờ trong tương lai
Tomorrow, in + năm tương lai
* Chú ý: Để diễn tả một hành động có ý định hay một dự trù trong tương lai, ta có thể dùng TO BE
GOING TO + Vo.
2. Future continuous:
- S + will + be + Ving.

* Cách dùng: Diễn tả hành động sẽ đang xảy ra vào thời điểm xác định trong tương lai.
At 2:00 tomrrow, I will be watching TV.

* Dấu hiệu: At + giờ + thời điểm tương lai.
S + will have + V3 / ed
3. Future perfect:
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* Cách dùng:
- Một hành động sẽ được hoàn tất trước một thời điểm ở tương lai hay một hành động khác ở
tương lai.
Ex: By lunch time, I will have typed five letters.
- Đối với một hành động kéo dài tới một thời điểm trong tương lai.
Ex: When I leave the school next week, I will have taught this class for 5 years.
On December 18th , they will have been married for 30 years.
4. Future perfect continuous:
S + will + have + been +
Ving
• Dấu hiệu: by + giờ + dấu hiệu tương lai, for + khoảng thời gian
 Sự phối hợp thì giữa mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề phụ chỉ thời gian:
1. since + thời điểm:
+ trong cấu trúc:

S+ V

+ since + S + V (QKĐ)
HTĐ
HTHT
HTHTTD

2. After + S +

V
QKHT
HTHT

3. Before
+S+
By the time
4. When S +

V
QKĐ
HTĐ

V
- QKĐ

- QKTD
- QKHT
- HTĐ
- HTHT
5. As soon as S +
V
- QKĐ
- QKHT
6. While S +

V

,S+ V
QKĐ

TLĐ
,S+

V

QKHT
TLHT
, S+
V
- QKĐ (hành động không kéo dài)
- QKTD (hành động kéo dài)
- QKHT (hành động xảy ra trước)
- QKĐ (hành động không kéo dài)
- QKTD (hành động kéo dài)
_ QKĐ
- TLĐ (hành động xảy ra cùng lúc)
- TLHT (hành động xảy ra trước)
- TLĐ
,S+
V
- QKĐ (hành động xảy ra cùng lúc)
- QKHT (hành động xảy ra trước)
- QKĐ
, S+
V
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- QKĐ

- QKĐ (hành động không kéo dài)
- QKTD (hành động kéo dài)
- QKTD
- QKĐ (hành động không kéo dài)
- QKTD (hành động kéo dài)
* Note: Sau từ nối chỉ thời gian, nếu không có chủ từ thì động từ là “Ving”
Ex: When + S + V, S + V
When + Ving, S + V.
 Một số mẫu câu đáng chú ý:
S + haven’t / hasn’t + V3 / ed + …….. + for + thời gian
1.
 It is + thời gian + since + S +

V2 / ed
didn’t + Vo
were / was

 Example:
a. I haven’t seen my father for one month.
 It’s one month since I saw my father.
b. I haven’t eaten this kind of food for 2 years.
 It is 2 years since I ate this kind of food.
2.
S + haven’t / hasn’t + V3 / ed + …….. + before
It / This is the first time + S + have / has + V3 / ed.



 Example:
a. I haven’t seen that man here before.

 It’s the first time I have seen that man here.
b. I have never read this book before.
 This is the first time time I have read this book.
3.

S + haven’t / hasn’t + V3/ ed + …….+ since / for + thời gian


S + last + V2 / ed (QKĐ) + ……..

+ when / thời gian + ago



The last time + S + V (QKĐ) + …… + was + when / thời gian ago

 Example:
a. I haven’t seen him since I was a student.
 I last saw him when I was a student.
b. It hasn’t rained for 2 days.
 The last time it rained was 2 days ago.
4.
S + started / began + Ving / to Vo + …….+ when / thời gian + ago
 S+

have / has + V3 / ed + …….. + since / for + thời gian
have / has been + Ving
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 Example:
a. He started working for this factory for a year.
 He has been working for this factory a year ago.
b. Tom began playing the piano 4 years ago.
 Tom has been playing the piano for 4 years.
 Practice Exercises: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence:
1.When the telephone rang, she………….. a letter.
a. wrote
b. was written
c. was writing
d. has written
2. ………….. the moon last night?
a. Have you seen b. Had you seen
c. Do you see
d. Did you see
3. ……….. Roger lately?
a. Had you seen b. Did you see
c. Do you see
d. Have you seen
4. I ………. a letter from her yet.
a. didn’t receive b. won’t receive
c. haven’t receive
d. don’t receive
5. When it began to rain, they ……….. in the yard.
a. played
b. were playing
c. had played
d. have played
6. ………. I was walking home, it began to rain.
a. While

b. When
c. After
d. Before
7. ……… it stops raining, we will leave.
a. Since
b. When
c. As soon as
d. Both b and c are correct
8. We miss the train. It……… when we arrived.
a. had gone
b. went
c. has gone
d. have gone
9. Susan was sitting in the boach when she ……… a noise.
a. had heard
b. heard
c. was hearing
d. hears
10. Ivan ………. on history studies all yesterday morning.
a. was working b. used to work
c. had worked
d. has worked
11. We have done a lot of work on tenses lately and we now ……….. most of the rules.
a. were understanding
b. understand c. understood
d. are understanding
12. At this moment I ……… that we have a good chance of victory.
a. feel
b. was feeling
c. am feeling

d. had been feeling
13. I ……… to bed until five o’clock last night.
a. got
b. didn’t get
c. wasn’t
d. haven’t got
14. Harry is working at a bank ……….
a. at the moment b. a year ago
c. since last year
d. for a year
15. I ……… the money from him yet.
a. will receive
b. don’t receive
c. am receiving
d. haven’t received
16. His sister won’t get married until she ……… 27 years old.
a. will be
b. is
c. isn’t
d. has been
17. Mr Victor …….. in the army from 1963 to 1981.
a. served
b. had served
c. is serving
d. has served
18. This is the most interesting novel …………
a. I’ve read
b. I had read
c. I’ve never read
d. I’ve ever read

19.Caroline said that she ………… you some day.
a. would visit
b. had visited
c. will visit
d. has visited
20. Christina is studying English. She started to learn it five years ago.
She …………. English for five years.
a. studied
b. was studying
c. had studied
d. has been studying
21. Since 1970 Tim ……… in London, and he is still there now.
a. was working b. worked
c. have worked
d. has been working
22. My brother and sister……… in Boston.
a. lived
b. living
c. lives
d. live
23. You will see him when he …….. here tomorrow.
a. to come
b. comes
c. has come
d. will come
24. Most students ……… hard for the last few weeks.
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a. were working b. have working

c. worked
d. have been working
25. The old in my country …….. cared for by their children and grandchildren.
a. am
b. is
c. are
d. a and b
26. I left my pen at home. ………… I borrow yours?
a. Will
b. Shall
c. Do
d. May
27. The young always ………. a lot of ambitions.
a. have
b. has
c. had
d. All are correct
28. Five thousand miles ……….. too far to travel.
a. so
b. are
c. is
d. None is correct
29. ……… your house painted last year?
a. Have
b. Was
c. Had
d. Did
30.Cindy hasn’t visited her home in Australia……….
a. many years ago b. many years since c. since many years
d. for many years

31. I have been writing a letter ………… nine o’clock.
a. for
b. since
c. from
d. before
32. He …………. in the café when she came in.
a. sat
b. has sat
c. has been sitting
d. was sitting
33. It began to rain while we ………….. soundly.
a. have slept
b. slept
c. were sleeping
d. are sleeping
34. On his way home, John usually ………… at the office.
a. stops
b. stop
c. to stop
d. stopped
35. When I see Barbara in the street, she always ………… at me.
a. smiled
b. has smiled
c. was smiling
d. smiles
36. The Prime Miniter ………….. to Paris several times.
a. is
b. has been
c. was
d. were

37. Mr Goldsmith …….. in the office when the thieves threw a stone through the window.
a. works
b. worked
c. has worked
d. was working
38. Maria Roberts left her home in Leeds last week and nobody …………. her since.
a. has seen
b. see
c. saw
d. have seen
39. Several people were hurt in the accident but only one ………. to hospital
a. has taken
b. has been taking
c. was taken
d. was taking
40. “You’re late”, he said. “I think the bus ………… already”.
a. went
b. was going
c. has gone
d. goes
41. I haven’t seen him.................................... .
a. many years ago b. for many years
c. many year ago
d. since many years
42. She .......................... anything last night.
a. didn’t
b. don’t
c. didn’t do
d. don’t do
43. She ............................. the bell three times before he answered the door.

a. has rung
b. had rung
c. was ringing
d. is ringing.
44. He didn’t remember the appointment with the doctor until his wife .......................home.
a. arrives
b. arrived
c. had arrived
d. has arrived
45. No matter how hard they tried, they ....................... in their scheme.
a. didn’t succeed b. hadn’t succeeded c. don’t succeed
d. not succeed
46. Animals ............................. on Earth for at least 700 million years.
a. living
b. have lived
c. lived
d. have been lived
47. The ancient Olympic Games .......................... as amateur contests, but in time became
professional.
a. begun
b. began
c. beginning
d. they began.
48. I suddenly remembered that I __________ to bring my keys.
A. having forgotten
B. have forgotten
C. had forgotten
D. forgot
49. By the year 2010 many people currently employed _________ their jobs.
A. will have lost

B. will be losing
C. have lost
D. are losing
50. The last time I saw Rose was 3 years ago.
A. I hasn’t seen Rose for 3 years.
B. I haven’t seen Rose for 3 years.
C. I hasn’t seen Rose since 3 years.
D. I hasn’t seen Rose 3 years ago.
51. I had no sooner closed the door __________ somebody started knocking on it.
10


A. as
B. that
C. than
D. when
52. __________ she burst into tears.
A. When to see her father
B. When seeing her father
C. On seeing her father
D. If seeing her father
53. They _________ for Japan at 10.30 tomorrow.
A. will be leaving
B. have left
C. are left
D. will have left
54. It was not until the 1920s that publicity about valuable stamps encouraging a large increase in
A
B
C

D
the number of stamp collectors.
55. to / begin / wash / David / his / study / have / after / clothes.
A. After David had washed his clothes, he began to study.
B. After David washed his clothes, he begins to study.
C. After David has washed his clothes, he began to study.
D. After David washed his clothes, he had begun to study.
56. _________ nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay in a hotel.
A. To spend
B. Having spent
C. Spending
D. Spent
57. I haven’t gone to the cinema for 10 years.
A. It’s 10 years I haven’t gone to the cinema.
B. It was 10 years ago I went to the cinema.
C. The last time I went to the cinema was 10 years.
D. I last went to the cinema 10 years ago.
58. I had a road accident when I __________ a phone call in the car.
A. made
B. make
C. was making
D. am making
59. _________ I came to see her yesterday, she was reading a book.
A. While
B. Before
C. When
D. After
60. He _______ in Dalat at the moment.
A. is studying
B. studies

C. has studied
D. will study
61. He _________ to Hanoi 10 days ago.
A. has gone
B. went
C. was going
D. goes
62. When you arrived back at the hotel, ____________?
A. were you noticing what time it was
B. were you noticing what time was it
C. did you notice what time was it
D. did you notice what time it was
63. She’ll be a billionaire by the time she ___________ 40.
A. is going to be
B. will be
C. is
D. was
64. By this time next year, my father ________ here for 25 years.
A. are going to work
B. will be working C. will have been working D. will work
65. He never goes home before he will finish his work.
A
B
C
D
66. Before ____________, they used horse-drawn wooden cart.
A. farmers have had tractors
B. tractors owned by farmers
C. having tractors farmers
D. farmers had tractors

67. During the lecture yesterday, he ________ the importance of a good education.
A. stressed
B. have stressed
C. stress
D. stresses
68. After Daisy __________ lunch, she _________ to some music for a while.
A. finished – had listened
B. had finished – listened
C. finished – listened
D. had finished – had listened
69. Ann said that she was going away for a few days and __________ me when she got back.
A. will call
B. was going to call C. would call
D. would have call
70. _________ for a job for a long time before you got it?
A. Were you looking
B. Have you looked
C. Have you been looking
D. Had you looked
71. I haven’t seen that man here before.
 It’s __________________________________________.
72. John hasn’t had his hair cut for over 6 months.
 It is __________________________________________.
11


73. Mary rang hours and hours ago.
 It’s hours _____________________________________.
74. I haven’t eaten this kind of food before.
 This is the first __________________________________.

75. She started working as a secretary 5 years ago.
 She has __________________________________________.
76. They last visisted me five years ago.
 They haven’t _____________________________________.
77. They travelled across India, and then flew on to Korea.
 After they ________________________________________.
78. He has never driven such a luxurious car .
A. This car is the most luxurious car he has.
B. This is the first time he has driven such a luxurious car .
C. This is the first time he has drives such a luxurious car .
D. This is the first car he has driven in such a luxurious way.
79. We haven’t written to each other for two months.
A. It is two months that we wrote to each other.
B. It is two months since we wrote together.
C. There are two months for us to write to each other.
D. B. It is two months since we last wrote to each other.
80. When did Mike start learning French?
A. How long has Mike started to learn French?
B. How long ago has Mike started to learn French?
C. How long has Mike been learning French?
D. How long was Mike strating to learn French?
81. The film will end when you have finished dinner.
A. By the time you finish dinner, the film will have ended.
B. By the time you have finished dinner, the film will end.
C. You finish dinner, and then the film will end.
D. By the time you finishing dinner, the film will have ended.
82. The last I saw him was in June, 2004.
A. I have seen him since June, 2004.
B. I haven’t seen him since June, 2004.
C. I didn’t see him since June, 2004.

D. I saw him since june, 2004.



 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
WISH SENTENCES

12


A. PHẦN LÍ THUYẾT:
Một câu điều kiện có hai mệnh đề : mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện
( mệnh đề phụ) còn được gọi là mệnh đề có if (If-clause) và mệnh
đề chỉ kết quả còn được gọi là mệnh đề chính (main clause).
- If he works harder, he will succeed in his examination.
(if-clause)
(main clause)
Chúng ta cũng có thể đặt mệnh đề chính ở đầu câu :
- He will succeed in his examination if he works harder.
Trong tiếng Anh có 3 loại câu điều kiện:
* Type I : ĐIỀU KIỆN CÓ THỂ XẢY RA ĐƯC (probable condition)
1/ Ý nghóa : Loại điều kiện này dùng để diễn tả một sự việc
có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
2/ Thì của động từ :
If- clause

If + S +

is/am/are (not)
V1/ don’t + Vo

Vs/es; doesn’t + Vo

Main clause
will/ won’t
can/ can’t
may/ must

,S+

+ Vo

- If the rain stops, we will go for a walk.
- He will come if you call him.
- If you ask me, I can help you.
- You must study harder if you want to pass the coming exam.
* Mệnh đề chính có thể là một mệnh lệnh hoặc thỉnh cầu :
- Come to me if you need help.
- If you have time, perfect your English.
* Type II : ĐIỀU KIỆN KHÔNG CÓ THẬT Ở HIỆN TẠI. (Presentunreal Condition)
1/ Ý nghóa : Loại điều kiện này diễn tả một điều kiện khó có thể
xảy ra hay một sự việc không thực hiện được ở hiện tại hoặc tương
lai.
2/ Thì của động từ :

If S +

If-clause
were (not)
V2/ ED
didn’t + Vo

Main clause
,S+

would
could
might

+ (not) + Vo

- If I had a lot of free time, I would go swimming.
(= I haven’t got free time, so I won’t go swimming)
- If Tom were here, he would know the answer.
(= Tom isn’t here, so he doesn’t know the answer.)
- I would call him if I knew his number.
(= I don’t know his number, so I won’t call him)

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* Quá khứ giả đònh là hình thức quá khứ đơn của các động từ
ngoại trừ động từ “to be” chỉ có một hình thức WERE cho tất cả các
ngôi.
* Cách viết đặc biệt của câu điều kiện loại 2:
Were + S + …., S + could / would / might + Vo
- If Tom were here, he would know the answer.
= Were Tom here, he would know the answer.
* Type III : ĐIỀU KIỆN KHÔNG CÓ THẬT Ở QUÁ KHỨ. (Pastunreal Condition)
1/ Ý nghóa : Loại điều kiện này dùng để diễn tả một điều kiện
hoàn toàn không thực hiện được hoặc không xảy ra trong quá khứ.

2/ Thì của động từ :
If-clause
S + had ( not)+ V3/ ed + O

,S+
V3/ed

Main clause
would
could
+ (not) + have +
might

- If he had had a lot of money, he would have bought a bigger house.
- I would have taken you to the movie if you had come to see me
yesterday.
* Cách viết đặc biệt của câu điều kiện loại 3:
Had + V3/ed + …, S + would (not) + have + V3/ed
- Had he known the truth, he would have been very angry.
(= If he had known the truth, he would have been very angry)
* Ngoài liên từ “if” ra, câu điều kiện còn được bắt đầu bằng các
liên từ khác như : suppose, supposing that (giả sử như), on the
condition that (với điều kiện là), as long as, so long as, provided
(that) (miễn là), in case (trong trường hợp) , even if ( thậm chí nếu, ngay cả)
chỉ sự tương phản.
- As long as you return the book by Saturday, I will lend it to you with
pleasure.
- Even if he is tired, he won’t stay at home.
(ngay cả khi mệt, anh ta cũng khơng ở nhà)
* Từ có nghóa phủ đònh : unless (trừ phi, nếu khơng).

- He won’t come unless you call him.
(= He won’t come if you don’t call him.)
* Nââng cao: 2 từ có nghĩa phủ định: without, but for (nếu không)
- Without your help, I wouldn’t have finished my homework.
(Nếu khơng có sự giúp đỡ của bạn, tơi đã khơng thể hồn thành bài tập)
- But for the president’s absence, the meeting wouldn’t have been cancelled.
(Nếu khơng vì sự vắng mặt của ơng chủ tịch thì cuộc họp đã khơng bị hủy)
• Notes:
If…….not = Unless
B. MỘT SỐ DẠNG BÀI TẬP CƠ BẢN:
 Dùng câu điều kiện viết lại câu từ tình huống đã cho:
14


 Tình huống hiện tại: dùng câu điều kiện loại 2, thể trái ngược(khẳng định

phủ định )

Example:
1/ She doesn’t have money, so she can’t buy that book.
 If she had money, she could buy that book.
2/ He is tired because he works so hard.
 If he didn’t work so hard, he wouldn’t be tired.
 Tình huống quá khứ: dùng câu điều kiện loại 3, thể trái ngược(khẳng định
Example:
1. She failed in her final exam because she was lazy.

phủ định)

 If she hadn’t been lazy, she wouldn’t have failed in her final exam.

2. It was raining heavily, so he couldn’t go to school.
 If it hadn’t been raining heavily, he could have gone to school.
 Tình huống tương lai: dùng câu điều kiện loại 1, không dùng thể trái ngược.
Example: I’ll let you borrow the book but you must promise to return it next week.
 If you promise to return the book next week, I’ll let you borrow it.
 Đổi từ “Unless
If …. not”.
V1
Vs/es
V2/ed
am, is, are, were,
had + V3/ed

don’t Vo
doesn’t Vo
didn’t Vo
am not, isn’t, aren’t, weren’t
hadn’t + V3/ed

Example:
1. Unless you promise to return the book next week, I won’t let you borrow it.
 If you don’t promise to return the book next week, I won’t let you borrow it.

2. If it doesn’t rain, we will go pinic.
 Unless it rains, we will go pinic.
C. WISH – SENTENCES:
1. “Wish” loại 1: diễn tả 1 điều ao ước có thể xảy ra trong tương lai.
S + wish + S +
= If only
may

will
can
may

+ (not) + Vo

15


2. Wish loại 2: Diễn tả 1 điều ao ước không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại:

S + wish + S +
= If only

were (not)
would
could
+ Vo
might
didn’t Vo
V2/ed

3. Wish loại 3: diễn tả 1 điều ao ước không thể xảy ra ở quá khứ:
S + wish + S +
= If only

had (not) + V3/ed
would (not) have + V3/ed

 Note:
a. S + regret + Ving + …

 S + wish + S + hadn’t + V3/ed + …
Ex: She regrets telling him the truth.
 She wishes she hadn’t told him the truth.
b. S + regret + not + Ving + …
 S + wish + S + had + V3/ed + ….
Ex: She regrets not telling him the truth.
 She wishes she had told him the truth.
c. Dùng câu ao ước viết lại câu từ tình huống đã cho.
 Nếu tình huống ở hiện tại, dùng câu ao ước loại 2 và thể trái ngược:
Ex: It’s very crowded here. I wish there weren’t so many people.
 Nếu tình huống ở quá khứ, dùng câu ao ước loại 3 và thể trái ngược:
Ex: She didn’t attend the class yesterday. She wishes she had attended the class.
D. AS IF / AS THOUGH: NHƯ THỂ LÀ
1.
S + V + as if / as though + S +
Vs/es
V1
am / is / are

: diễn tả việc người ta nói có thể xảy
ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.

Ex: It looks as if it’s going to rain:(Trời như thể sắp mưa.)
2.
: diễn tả việc người ta nói là không có
S + V + as if / as though + S +
were

thật ở hiện tại.
V2/ed
didn’t Vo
Ex: He looked as if he saw a ghost. ( Anh ta trông như nhìn thấy ma)
3.
S + V + as if / as though + S + had (not) + V3/ed
16


: diễn tả việc người ta nói là không
có thật ở quá khứ.
Ex: He looked as if he had known everything.
E. PRACTICAL EXERCISES:
EXERCISE I : Rewrite these sentences, using “if” in place of “unless”
1/ We won’t go out unless it stops raining.
-____________________________________________________________
2/ I will call the police unless you give back my bicycle.
-____________________________________________________________
3/ You wouldn’t be able to do this exercise unless your English were good.
-____________________________________________________________
4/ Unless we had enough rain, we couldn’t grow rice.
-____________________________________________________________
5/ The fishermen couldn’t have caught a lot of fish unless they had had good nets.
-____________________________________________________________
6/ I wouldn’t buy it unless I could afford it.
-____________________________________________________________
7/ I would refuse to go unless they paid my expenses.
-____________________________________________________________
8/ I don’t agree with his economic policy. I wouldn’t vote for him unless he changed it.
-____________________________________________________________

9/ He wouldn’t have written unless he had heard news.
-____________________________________________________________
10/ You might not have a terrible toothache unless you went to the dentist regularly.
-____________________________________________________________
EXERCISE II : Rewrite the following sentences using conditional sentences:
Model :
a/ My brother will have enough money. He will buy a bicycle.
→ If my brother has enough money, he will buy a bicycle.
b/ She can’t speak English. She won’t apply for the job.
→ If she could speak English she would apply for the job.
c/ He wasn’t here. He didn’t have a lot of fun.
→ If he had been here, he would have had a lot of fun.
1/ She can’t be employed because she doesn’t have a college degree.
→ If ______________________________________________
2/ I don’t have enough money. I can’t go on a long holiday this year.
→ If ______________________________________________
3/ He works overtime to get more money because he has to pay father’s debt.
→ If ______________________________________________
4/ City life isn’t enjoyable because everything is very expensive.
→ If ______________________________________________
5/ There are industrial factories inside the city, that’s why pollution can’t be reduced.
→ If ______________________________________________
6. Susan felt sick because she ate 4 cream cakes.
→If ______________________________________________________
7. We didn’t know your phone number, so we could not contact you.
→ If _________________________________________________________
8. I cannot go to the beach with you because I have a date with my old classmates.
→ If _________________________________________________________________
9. The match can be cancelled because it rains heavily.
→ If ______________________________________________________

10. Because Simon doesn’t live near his mother, he can’t visit her often.
→ If ______________________________________________________________.
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VI. Rewrite the following sentences using “WISH” clause:
1. I’m sorry now that I asked her to say.
 Now I wish _______________________________
2. She won’t visit me again.
 I wish _______________________________________
3. I’m sorry that I didn’t finish my homework last night.
 I wish __________________________________________
4. What a pity! You failed your driving test.
 I wish ___________________________________________
5. John can’t join in the trip as he promised.
 I wish __________________________________________
6. My father can’t speak English.
 I wish _____________________________________________
7. She is sorry that she told you the best news.
 She wishes ___________________________________________
8. I regret that I didn’t choose French when I started secondary school.
 I wish ____________________________________________________
9. Our country had the bad efforts of the war.
 We wish __________________________________________________
10. I regret not going to airport to say goodbye her.
 I wish ____________________________________________
11. I regret going out alone at the night.
 I wish ______________________________________________
12. It’s a pity my teacher isn’t here to give us some advice.
 I wish ______________________________________________

13. I regret that you weren’t here yesterday.
 I wish ________________________________________________
14. He regretted that he made many mistakes in his exam.
 He wishes _____________________________________________
15. It’s a pity I don’t take my doctor’s advice.
 I wish __________________________________________________
EXERCISE IV. Choose the best answer to complete the sentence:
1. __________ she agreed, you would have done it.
A. If
B. Had
C. Should
D. Would
2. If you ________ to be shosen for the job, you’ll have to be experienced in the field.
A. want
B. wanted
C. had wanted
D. wants
3. If the doctor had arrived sooner, the boy ____________.
A. might be saved
B. have been saved
C. was saved
D. might have been saved
4. If you just approach the job with the right attitude, things _________ well.
A. would have turned out
B. will turn out
C. would turn out
D. turns out
5. If I didn’t have exams next week, I __________ camping with you this weekend.
A. will go
B. will have gone

C. would have gone D. would go
6. You’ll be ill ________________.
A. unless you continue to smoke
B. if you continue to smoke
C. because you don’t smoke
D. if you stop to smoke
7. If I _________ taller, I __________ better at basketball.
A. am – will be
B. were – would have been
C. be – would be
D. were – might be
8. If I had enough money, I __________ a good dictionary.
A. would buy
B. will buy
C. will have bought D. would have bought.
9. If I _______ to him, I wouldn’t have lost my way.
A. would listen
B. will listen
C. had listened
D. listen
18


10. If I had known she was ill, I would go to visist her.
A
B
C
D
11. I can’t go with you unless I will get my work finished.
A

B
C
D
12. If she had eaten fewer sweets, she would lose weight.
A
B
C
D
13. You would have met Mary if you came here yesterday evening.
A
B
C
D
14. If they want to increase output, they had to modernize the factory.
A
B
C
D
15. He didn’t hurry so he missed the train.
A. If he hurried, he wouldn’t miss the train.
B. If he had hurried, he might catch the train.
C. If he had hurried, he could have caught the train.
D. He didin’t miss the train because he hurried.
16. If I _______ you, I would get some rest before the game tomorrow.
A. am
b. could be
C. were
D. had been.
17. Please keep your voice down in this section. If you ________ to talk loudly, I will have to ask
you to leave.

A. continued
B. could continue
C. will continue
D. continue
18. If I _________ following that car too closely, I would have been able to stop in time instead of
running into it.
A. wasn’t
B. would have been C. was
D. hadn’t been
19. A huge tree crashed through the bedroom roof and broke my bed. _________ in the room, I
would have been killed.
A. Should I be
B. Had I been
C. Would I have been
D. Would I be
20. If the world’s tropical forests continue to disappear at their present rate, many animal species
____________ extinct.
A. became
B. will become
C. would have become
D. would become
21. I’m not tired enough to go to bed yet. I wouldn’t sleep if I __________ to bed now.
A. go
B. went
C. had gone
D. would go
22. __________, he would have been able to pass the exam.
A. If he studied more
B. If he was studying more
C. Studying more

D. Had he studied more
23. If I _________ you, I ________ that car.
A. were – would sell B. were – sold
C. were – will sell
D. am – would sell
24. I regret not attending Mr Smith’s lecture.
A. I wish I attended Mr Smith’s lecture.
B. I wish I have attended Mr Smith’s lecture.
C. If only I attended Mr Smith’s lecture.
D. If only I had attended Mr Smith’s lecture.
25. Give Peter my letter – If I __________ him, I ___________ it to him.
A. see – will give
B. saw – gave
C. have seen – will have given
D. had seen – would have given
26. ________ you hurry, you won’t catch the train.
A. As
B. Though
C. Except
D. Unless
27. Unless you work harder, you will finish on time.
A
B C
D
28. I/ be you / take / job.
A. If I am you, I’ll take the job.
B. If I were you, I’d take the job.
C. If I were you, I’ll take the job.
D. If I weren’t you, I didn’t take the job.
29. What a terrible thing to happen! Just think, if we __________ the plane, we _________ in the

crash.
A. had missed / would have been killed
B. hadn’t missed / would have been killed.
C. missed / would be killed
D. had missed / wouldn’t have been killed
19


30. If you didn’t play the guitar too loudly, ________________.
A. you wouldn’t have a sore throat.
B. the neighbors didn’t get that angry.
C. you hasn’t had a sore throat.
D.the neighbors wouldn’t get so angry.
31. “Here’s my phone number.” – Thanks. I’ll give you a call if I ____________ some help
tomrrow.”
A. need
B. needed
C. will need
D. would need
32. _________ you, I’d think twice about that decision.
A. If I am
B. Were I
C. Should I be
D. If I had been
33. Unless you ________ all of my questions, I can’t do anything to help you.
A. answer
B. are answer
C. don’t answer
D. would answer
34. Unless I don’t go home early, please go shopping and buy some food for lunch.

A
B
C
D
35. I want to buy a dictionary, but I don’t have enough money.
A. If I have enough money, I buy a dictionary.
B. If I have enough money, I will buy a dictionary.
C. If I had enough money, I would buy a dictionary.
D. If I had had enough money, I would have bought a dictionary.
36. We didn’t go by air because we didn’t have enough money.
A. We would go by air if we had enough money.
B. We would have gone by air if we had had enough money.
C. If we would go by air , we had enough money.
D. We had had enough money if we would have gone by air.
37. He drinks too much, that’s why he often quarrels with me.
A. He wouldn’t quarrel with me often if he didn’t drink too much.
B. He would quarrel with me often if he drank too much.
C. He wouldn’t have quarrelled with me often if he hadn’t drunk too much.
D. He would have quarrelled with me often if he had drunk too much.
38. He didn’t succeed in his job, perhaps because his father didn’t encourage him.
A. He will succeed in his job if his father encourages him.
B. If his father encouraged him, he would cucceed in his job.
C. He would have succeeded in his job if his father had encouraged him.
D. If his father didn’t encourage him,he wouldn’t have succeeded in his job .
39. The tree would die unless the farmer added fertilizer.
A. The tree wouldn’t die if the farmer didn’t add fertilizers.
B. The tree would die if the farmer didn’t add fertilizers.
C. The tree wouldn’t die if the farmer add fertilizers.
D. The tree would have died if the farmer hadn’t added fertilizers.
40. I don’t know many people.

 I wish I _________ more people.
A. know
B. knew
C. had known
D. should know
41. I wish Sarah _________ here now.
A. is
B. were
C. would be
D. will be
42. I wish I _________ to the party last night.
A. went
B. go
C. had gone
D. have gone
43. She wishes she _________ a doctor in the future.
A. is
B. were
C. would be
D. will be
44. Cathy refused the job offer. I wish she _________ that.
A. do not do
B. does not to do
C. didn’t do
D. hadn’t done
45. I regret not booking the seats in advance.
A. I wish I booked the seats in advance.
B. I wish I have booked the seats in advance.
C. I wish I had booked the seats in advance.
D. I wish I could book the seats in advance.

46. What a pity you didn’t come to my party.
A. If only you hadn’t come to my party.
B. If only you didn’t come to my party.
C. I wish you had come to my party.
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D. I you came to my party.
47. I’m sorry that you can’t go with me.
A. I wish you will go with me.
B. I wish you go with me.
C. I wish you had gone with me.
D. I wish you could go with me.
48. ______, the workers will stop working.
A. Unless the working conditions aren’t improved
B. If not working conditions are improved
C. If the working conditions are improved
D. Unless the working conditions are improved
49. If I had enough money, I would have bought that car today.
A
B
C
D
50. What would you have do if you were in my position?
A
B
C
D
51. Nam was ill, so he didn’t go to school.
A. If he had been ill, he would have gone to school.

B. If he hadn’t been ill, he wouldn’t have gone to school.
C. If he hadn’t been ill, he would have gone to school.
D. If he weren’t ill, he would go to school.
52. Because the weather was bad, we didn’t go camping.
A. If the weather wasn’t bad, we would go camping.
B. If the weather weren’t bad, we would go camping.
C. If the weather is good, we will go camping.
D. If the weather hadn’t been bad, we would have gone camping.
53. I don't have money, so I can't help you.
A. If I can help you, I will have money.
B. If I have money, I can help you.
C. If I had money, I could help you.
D. If I had had money, I could have helped you.


 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 3: PASSIVE VOICE

I. LÝ THUYẾT:
Cách đổi một câu chủ động (active) sang câu bị động (passive)
A. Qui tắc chung:
- Active:

S+

V

+ O + …… + (adv nơi chốn) + (adv thời gian).

- Passive : S’ + be V3/ed * + …. + (adv nơi chốn) + (by O’)* + (adv thời gian).
* Chú ý:

- Động từ (V) trong câu Active chia ở thì nào thì động từ BE trong câu Passive chia ở thì đó.
– Khi chủ từ (S) câu Active là đại từ nhân xưng (They, We, You, He, She, I) hoặc đại từ bất định
(someone, somebody ….) thì BY + O’ có thể bỏ đi.
* Ví dụ:
- They use this room on special occasions.
• This room is used on special occasions (by them).
- He sold his house last year.
• His house was sold last year (by him).
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B. Những trường hợp cụ thể:
1. Thì hiện tại đơn:
Active: S +

V1
+ O + …. + (adv nơi) + (adv tgian)
Vs/es

Passive: S’ + am / is / are + V3/ed + …. + (adv nơi) + (by O’) + (adv)
(thêm)
Ex: - They use this room on special occasions.
This room is used on special occasions (by them).

2.Thì quá khứ đơn:
Active:

S + V2/ed + O + …. + (adv nơi) + (adv tgian)

Passive: S’ + was / were + V3/ed + …. + (adv nơi) + (by O’) + (adv tgian)

(thêm)
Ex: The storm destroyed the city last night.
 The city was destroyed by the storm last night.
3. Thì tương lai đơn:
Active:

S + will + Vo + O + …. + (adv nơi) + (adv tgian).

Passive:

S’ + will + be + V3/ed + …. + (adv nơi) + (by O’) + (adv tgian).
(thêm)

Ex: They will cut the grass tomorrow.
 The grass will be cut tomorrow.
4. Modals:
Active: S + MODAL* + Vo + O + …. + (adv nơi) + (adv tgian)
Passive: S’ + MODAL + BE + V3/ed + ….+(adv nơi) +(by + O’) +(adv tgian)
(thêm)
* Chú ý: MODAL gồm có: can, could, must, may, might, would, should, ought to, used to,
be going to ....
* Ví dụ: - A child can understand this problem.
-> This problem can be understood by a child.
- They could not finish the work on time.
-> The work could not be finished on time.
5. Thì Active:
hiện tại tiếp
S +diễn:
am/is/are + Ving + O + …+ (adv nơi) + (adv tgian)
Passive: S’ + am/is/are + being + V3/ed + …+ (adv nơi) + (by O’) + (adv tgian)

(thêm)

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* Ví dụ: - They are building a new school in this area.
 A new school is being built in this area.
* So sánh: - They are going to build a new bridge near my house.
 A new bridge is going to be built near my house.

6. Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn:
Active:

S + were/was + Ving + O + ….+ (adv nơi) + (adv tgain)

Passive: S’ + were/was + being + V3/ed + …+ (adv nơi) + (by O’) + (adv tgain)
(thêm)
Ex: They were listening to music.
 Music was being listened to.
7. Thì tương lai tiếp diễn:
Active: S + will + be + Ving + O + …. + (adv nơi) + (adv tgian)
Passive: S’ + will + be + being + V3/ed + … + (adv nơi) + (by O’) + (adv tgain)
(thêm)
Ex: She will be helping you when you come here tomorrow.
 You will be being helped when you come here tomorrow.
8.Thì hiện tại hoàn thành:
Active: S + have/has + (just/ already) + V3/ed + O + …+ (adv nơi) + (adv tgian)
Passive: S’ + have/has + (just/ already) + been + V3/ed + … + (adv nơi) + (by O’) + (adv ).
(thêm)
Ex: They have studied French for two months.

 French has been studied for two months.
9. Thì quá khứ hoàn thành:
Active: S + had (just/ already) + V3/ed + O + …+ (adv nơi) + (adv tgian)
Passive: S’ + had (just/ already) + been + V3/ed + … + (adv nơi) + (by O’) + (adv ).
(thêm)
Ex: They had already done the exercise.
 The exercise had already been done.
10. Thì tương lai hoàn thành:
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Active: S + will have V3/ed + O + …+ (adv nơi) + (adv tgian)
Passive: S’ + will have been V3/ed + … + (adv nơi) + (by O’) + (adv tgian ).
(thêm)

11. CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT:
a.
S(A)
+ V(A)
+ (that) + S(B) + V(B)
Someone
say / said
They
know/ knew/known
People
think /thought
believe(d)
rumour(ed)
report(ed)
find / found

 It + be V3/ed + (that) + S(B) + V(B)
to + Vo (1)
 S(B) + be V3/ed +
to have V3/ed (2)
*Notes:
- Dùng (1) khi

V(A)
và
V(B)
QKĐ
QKĐ
HTĐ
HTĐ
HTĐ
TLĐ
Ex:  People say that he lives abroad.
 It is said that he lives abroad.
 He is said to live abroad.
 People said that this man stole the car.
 It was said that this man stole the car.
This man was said to steal the car.
- Dùng (2) khi V(A)
và
V(B)
HTĐ
QKĐ / HTHT
QKĐ
QKHT
Ex: He thought that he had died in battle.

 It was thought that he had died in battle.
 He was thought to have died in battle.
b. Động từ có 2 tân ngữ: (Verbs of two objects)
 Loại động từ cần giới từ “ To” :
 Active: John gave me
an English book.
(O người)
(O vật)
Passive: I was given an English book (by John).
Active: S + V * + O (người) + O (vật)
An English book was given to me (by John).
Passive: S’ + be V3/ed + O (vật)
S’ + be V3/ed + to + O (người)
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* Notes: Những động từ cùng loại với động từ “give” trong câu trên là: send, show, lend, pay, read,
throw, offer.
 Loại động từ cần giới từ “For” :
 Active: I bought my brother some books.
(O người)
(O vật)
Passive: My brother was bought some books (by me).
Some books were bought for my brother (by me).
Active: S + V * + O (người) + O (vật)
Passive: S’ + be V3/ed + O (vật)
S’ + be V3/ed + for + O (người)
* Notes: Những động từ cùng loại với động từ “buy” trong câu trên là: get (mua), make (tea,
coffee), do (a favor), save (dành, để dành)……
c. Nguyên mẫu bị động: (sử dụng cho “begin, start, would like…)

They began to beat wooden drum.
-> Wooden drum began to be beaten.
He’d like people to call him Sir.
 He’d like to be called Sir.
- Active: S + begin + to Vo + O + …
- Passive: S’ + begin + to be V3 /ed + …
d. V + O + V+ING :
She kept me waiting.
-> I was kept waiting.
We found him working at his desk.
-> He was found working at his desk (by us).
* Notes: Sử dụng cho một số động từ như “ see, hear, observe, watch, find, feel, notice, …”
- Active: S + see + O + Ving + …
- Passive: S’ + be seen + Ving + …

e. V + V+ING :(sử dụng cho “begin, start”…)
At that time, scientists began discovering Pluto and its satellites.
-> At that time, Pluto and its satellites began being discovered by scientists.

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