Chapter 3
Infectious Diseases
Terms
Contagious or communicable: Diseases
transmitted by human contact.
Non-communicable: Cannot be transmitted
directly from person to person.
Endemic: Occurs at low levels in a
population.
Epidemic: Occurs in unusually large
numbers over a specific area.
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Infectious Agents and Pathenogenic
Microorganisms
Viruses
Bacteria
Protozoa
Fungi
Helminths (parasitic worms)
Nosocomial infections: Hospital acquired
infections.
Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Occupational Exposure and Prevention
How Exposed:
Wet hands
Coughs
Needles
Surface of money, paper, etc.
Prevention:
Wash hands in warm soapy water
Dry hands thoroughly, turn off water with paper
towel
Extra care with needles, sharp objects
Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Common Childhood Preventable
Infectious Diseases
Measles (rubeola)
Mumps
Signs and symptoms: fever, cough, runny
nose, fatigue, then rash.
Signs and symptoms: fever, headache, loss of
appetite, swelling and pain in the parotid
glands (neck).
German Measles (rubella)
Signs and symptoms: None at first, then rash,
in teens and adults – headache, loss of
appetite, inflammation of eyelids, painful joints.
Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Common Childhood Preventable
Infectious Diseases
Chickenpox
Whooping Cough
Signs and symptoms: runny or stuffy nose, fever,
sneezing, cough, then itchy rash.
Signs and symptoms: runny nose, sneezing, mild
cough, low-grade fever, coughing spells ending
with whooping sound.
Tetanus
Signs and symptoms: low-grade fever, sore
throat, stiff neck, lock jaw, muscle spasms and
difficulty swallowing.
Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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