MIcro economics chapter 0
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1
Limits, Alternatives, and
Choices
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Introduction
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LO1
Economics defined:
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Economic wants exceed
productive capacity.
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Use resources efficiently to
maximize fulfillment of
unlimited wants.
The Economic Perspective
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Key features:
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LO1
Scarcity and choice
Purposeful Behavior
Marginal Analysis
Scarcity and Choice
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Resources are scarce
Choices must be made
Opportunity cost
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LO1
There’s no free lunch
Purposeful Behavior
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LO1
Rational self-interest
Utility
Desired outcomes
Selfless good deed
Marginal Analysis
LO1
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Compare marginal benefit and
marginal cost
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Marginal means “extra”
Theories, Principles, and Models
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LO2
Economic principles and theories
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Generalizations, so imprecise
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Statements of economic
behavior supported by facts
Ceteris Paribus: Other-thingsequal assumption
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Microeconomics and
Macroeconomics
Microeconomics
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Macroeconomics
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LO3
Decision making by individual
units
Aggregate, total
Positive and Normative Economics
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Positive economics
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Normative economics
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LO3
Deals with economic facts
Subjective perspective of
economy
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Society’s Economizing Problem
Scarce resources – inputs used to
produce other goods and services
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Land – natural resources
Labor – most workers
Capital – manufactured inputs
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LO4
Not money
Investment – spending on production
& accumulation of capital
Society’s Economizing Problem
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Entrepreneurial ability
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LO4
Takes initiative
Decision maker
Innovator
Takes risk
Key to economic growth
