Organic farming techniques in Korea

Organic farming techniques in Korea

Youn Lee
Organic Agriculture Division
Division, RDA
Rep. of Korea


Organic techniques in different crops

Paddy

Rice
Plastic film house

Upland

Open upland
(Chinese cabage,
cabage pepper …))
Orchard(apple, pear, …)

Oil cake, Chinese milk vetch
Golden snail, Cu, plant extracts
-----

Paddy-upland conversion
Solar heating, Microbial agents
Compost, oil cake, Bt, neem
Plant extracts, plastic mulching
-----

Mineral oil, Cu, S, bark stripping
Cultivar, pheromone, living mulching
-----

2


Paddy-upland rotation
Disease incidence of garlic white rot
Fields investigated
Disease incidence(%)
Region

Numbers

Paddy field Upland

Namhae/weomeon 96

<0.1

19.4

Namhae/nammeon 51

0

15.7

Namhae/Idonmeon 43

0

15 0
15.0

Disease inc
D
cidence(%))

Disease incidence of watermelon CGMMV (%)
76.8
80
70
60

50.2

50
40
30
20
10

7.3

6.1

0

Paddy –upland rotation Continuous cropping
2000

2001


Solar heating in plastic film house
Solar heating

4/151


Soil temperature
p
during
g solar heating
g
70

Soil T
Temp (℃)

Plastic film mulching in the house

Plant pathogen lethal temp(°C)
( )

60
50

40
30
20

Plastic film mulching in the open field

Soil in the open field

5

10

Days after mulching
5/151

15

20


Micro-environment control: Air circulation
:Fan

1800

:N-fan

100

30

25

온도

농도
도

습 도 (% )

20

1300

15
10

800

90

80

5
11:40

9:20

10:30

8:10

7:00

5:50

4:40

3:30

2:20

1:10

1 7 :4 0

1 6 :5 0

1 6 :0 0

1 5 :1 0

1 4 :2 0

1 3 :3 0

1 2 :4 0

1 1 :5 0

1 1 :0 0

21:20

18:40

16:00

13:20

8:00

10:40

5:20

2:40

0:00

CO2 Concentration Temperature(°C)

0:00

70

0
300

Humidity (%)

Day time↑ : 50ppm Day time↑ : 0.5-3.5 Day time↑ : 2-5
Night
Ni
ht ti
time↑
↑ : 0.5-1.5
0 5 1 5 Night
Ni ht ti
time↓
↓ : 5-10
5 10
Ni h time↓
Night
i ↓ : 200ppm
200
Effect of Fan installation on incidence of strawberry powdery mildew,
yield and quality of strawberry
Infected Control Yield
fruits(%) value(%) (kg)

Treatment
Fan+organic matters
Fan+microbial pesticide

Control
6/151

6.1
12.0
30 7

30.7

80.1
61.0
-

Brix

417.0 10.8
ND 11.2
318.0 10.4

Hardness

3.1
3.1
2.7


Effect of fan installation on lettuce

T t
Treatment
t
Fan installation
Control

L t /t
Lost
/total

t l plants
l t L
Lost plants(%)
l
(%)
366/15,000

2.4

1,265/15,000

8.4

With Fan

Without Fan

7/151


www.themegalllery.com

Mixture of egg yolk and edible oil
1. Put egg yolk into water,
1
water mix for 3
3-4min
4min with mixer
2. Add edible oil at the mixture, mix for 4-5min with mixer
3. The mixtures are diluted to 100~150 times and sprayed evenly on

l
leaves
and
d stems

Mixer

Egg yolk

+

edible oil

=

Liposome

Dilution

Spraying

Concentration of liposome and application volume
Material
Edible oil
Egg yolk

Preventive ((0.3%
% liposome)
p
)

20L
500L
60ml
1

1.5 ι
15
8/151

Curative ((0.5%
% liposome)
p
)
20L
500 ι
100ml
1

2.5 ι
15


Effects of the mixture on various crops

Target

Crop

Control value(%)

Place

Powdery mildew Cucumber
Lettuce
Rose

98.9
89 6 94 8
89.6-94.8
91.4-96.0

Farm house
Farm house
Green house

Downley mildew Cucumber

96.3

Farm house

S p i d e r m i t e s Rose

83.0-93.9

Green house

Control

9/151

Liposome


Revised methods for egg yolk and oil mixture

Egg yolk, oil mix

Egg yolk, oil mix + others

Effects

Treatment

Egg yolk & oil mix

Effectiveness

• powdery mildew
: Egg
gg y
yolk,oil+sulphur
p
p
pow. 4g/20L
g
• Aphid
p
y Tabacco Budwarm
• other disease

: Egg yolk,oil +Cu 4g, Ca1000X
moth
• aphid
: Egg yolk,oil +Neem oil ½
yAnthracnose
• Tabacco Budwarm : Egg yolk,oil +Bt
moth
• powdery mildew

10/151

: >95%
: >90%(every 3day, 2-3)
: 50-60%
: 70-80%, Egg yolk+oil
+ Sulfur, Cu, Ca crossed
treat. Every 5-10 day


Resistant cultivar for organic cultivation(pepper)
Resistance varieties & g
good commodity
y characteristics

Greenhouse

Field test

Evaluation by farmers

Screening of 47 commercial pepper cultivars
- Greenhouse (‘07) ⇒ field (‘07) ⇒ farmer’s site (’08~09)
- Evaluation by Breeder, farmer, consumer(30 individuals)
y 18 indicators/different weigh values
- PR and virus resistance : 3 cultivars (‘08)
11/151


Grafting for controlling Phytophthora blight

Grafted pepper field

Grafting

Non grafted pepper field
Non-grafted

Grafted a pepper seedling
12/151


Protection from Anthracnose infection

The Year 2008

The Year 2009

Infection (%)
Year

Production
(kg/ha)

Compared to
non organic
(%)

Remark

Anthracnose

Phytophthora
blight

2007

50-60

15

1,410

55.7

- sensitive varieties

2008

35-50

5

1,560

61.7

- PR varieties

2009

25-40
25
40

3

1 580
1,580

62 4
62.4

2009

0.1

1

2,200

87.0

- PR varieties
- PR varieties
- Rain protection

13/151


Green manure and disease suppression
Suppression of pepper Phytophthora blight by green manure(rye)and high ridge cultivation(HC)

<Rye cultivation>

<Conventional cultivation>

14/151


Calcium supply by eggshell and vinegar
Dry and grind egg shells into flour.
Add the grinded egg shells in vinegar slowly.
slowly
Keep the solution in 7days at 20-25℃ (mixing once a day)
Soluble process is complete if there is no bubble
Strain soluble calcium through a sieve.
Diluted 200 ~ 500 times for application
Spray it on the front and back side of leaves

15

Slug control : Beer and tobacco mixture
Every 2
2-3m,
3m, place the plastic or paper cup filled with beer and tobacco mixture
and add more beer and move to other place every 2-3 days


New organic techniques from farmers

17


Soluble sulfur compound
for disease and p
pest control

500X dilution
for practical use
Sulfur powder 25kg
Y ll
Yellow
earth
th 500g
500
(+phyllite 500g)
NaOH 20 kg
Sea salt 1.5 kg
add 50L water & mix

add 33L water(to 100L volume)
need heat durable barrel, mask and goggle
(careful for skin and eye)

18


Surfactant for disease and pest control
KOH 3.4 kg
g
Canola oil
18 L

+

+

add & mix

cooling

Incubation
2 weeks

Water
5.4 L

+
Water 75
Wate

5L


Plant extracts for pest control (many cases)

<Ginkgo leaves>

www.naturei.net

Alcohol

<Pepper>


Golden apple snail for weed control of rice
40-50kg/ha of the snails is required.
- 80% of Mid-mature snails, 20% mature snails
More than 35 days growing nursery rice should be planted
Application period : Between 3-7 days after transplanting
Prevention of escape to other area is recommended
- Copper wire net or band is very effective

21


Liquid fertilizer from oil cake and yogurt
1. Put the mixture of vegetable seed cake
- (4.9%N, 6kg) and yogurt(3.9L) into water(300L)
2. Ferment the mixed liquid at room temperature for two weeks.
3. Provide oxygen twice or three times a day using an air bubbler.

22


Protection from mole damage

Commercial


Example of organic farming system in village scale

Organic persimmon
Beef cow
(antibiotic free)

Organic Rice(25 ha)


Nutrient flow of the village

Forage
Whole
Wh
l crop barley
b l
(winter)

feed
Hairy vetch

Organic persimmon
Organic rice
(summer)

Beef cow
(antibiotic free)

Cow manure
(compost)