Admiralty distance tables atlantic ocean volume1

NP 350(1)
ADMIRALTY

DISTANCE TABLES

ATLANTIC OCEAN
covering
North Atlantic Ocean
South Atlantic Ocean
North-west Europe
Mediterranean
Caribbean
Gulf of Mexico
FIRST EDITION
1976
REVISED 1978

Published by The Hydrographer of the Navy


© Crown Copyright 1976
To be obtained from the Agents for the sale of Admiralty Charts.

PREVIOUS

EDITIONS:

Admiralty Distance Tables, Volume I

1st Edition
2nd Edition

3rd Edition
4th Edition
Volume II 1st Edition
2nd Edition
3rd Edition
Volume III 1stEdition
2nd Edition
3rd Edition
Volume IV 1st Edition
2nd Edition
3rd Edition

1912
1915?
1917
1950
1911
1917
1949
1913
1917
1950
1916
1918
1951

Printed in the United Kingdom
for UKRO by The Bath Press

PREFACE
This first edition of Admiralty Distance Tables-Atlantic
Ocean has been prepared by Lieutenant Commander
C. J. de C. Scott, RN, and contains distance tables for the Atlantic Ocean, North-west Europe, Mediterranean,
Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. The tables have been compiled from the latest information in the Hydrographic
Department, the distances have been completely re-worked, the areas re-arranged and the information presented
in a different format from previous volumes of Admiralty Distance Tables.
The following

volumes, or portions, of Admiralty Distance Tables are superseded.
Volume 14th
Edition 1950
Volume"
3rd Edition 1949, Sections F and G
Volume III 3rd Edition 1950, Section J
Volume IV 3rd Edition 1951

D. W. Haslam
Rear-Admiral
Hydrographer of the Navy

Hydrographic Department
Ministry of Defence
Taunton
Somerset TA1 2DN

9th July 1976
Revised and corrected
March 1978

CONTENTS
Page
Preface
Contents
List of Diagrams
Introduction

iii
iv
v
vii

Part I-North-west
Europe
Tables: la Arctic
Ib West approaches to the British Isles
Ic Channel
Id North Sea
Ie Baltic Entrance
If Baltic Sea (except Gulf of Bothnia)
Ig Gulf of Bothnia
Gazetteer for Part I

1
9
19
33
43
49

55
59

Part II-Atlantic
Ocean
General Notes
Tables: Iia North-east Atlantic
lib South-east Atlantic
IIc South-west Atlantic
lid North-west Atlantic
lie Trans-North Atlantic
IIf Trans-South Atlantic
IIg NE-SW Atlantic
IIh NW-SE Atlantic
IIi Caribbean
IIj Gulf of Mexico
Gazetteer for Part II

69
71
83
89
95
107
127
137
149
161
167
173

Part 111- Mediterranean
Tables: ilia West Mediterranean
Ilib East Mediterranean
Ilic Adriatic Sea
Ilid Aegean Sea
IlieBlackSea
Gazetteer for Part III

181
189
201
205
215
217

Part IV-Link
Explanation
Tables: A
B
C
D
E
F

225
226
227
228
229

230
231

Tables
North-west Europe
North-west Europe to Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, Pacific and Indian Oceans
North-west Europe to Mediterranean
Mediterranean
Mediterranean to Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, Pacific and Indian Oceans
Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean and Panama to South-west Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans


LIST OF DIAGRAMS
Page
viii
xi
xii
xiii

Shape of the Earth
Meridional Parts
Mean and Middle Latitudes
Great circle track
Limits of Tables-Part I
Index Chart-Arctic Table
Index Chart-West approaches to the British Isles
Index Chart-Channel Table
Index Chart-North Sea Table
Index Chart- Baltic Sea entrance Table
Index Chart-Baltic Sea Table

Index Chart-Gulf of Bothnia Table

chart section following
chart section following
chart section following
chart section following
chart section following
chart section following
chart section following
chart section following

Index
Index
Index
Index

loose chart
128
chart section following page 231
chart section following page 231

Chart-Atlantic Tables-Part II
Chart-South Atlantic-Limiting
Chart-Caribbean Table
Chart-Gulf of Mexico Table

Routes

Limits of Tables-Part III
Index Chart-West Mediterranean Table

Index Chart-East Mediterranean Table
Index Chart-Adriatic Sea Table
Index Chart-Aegean Sea Table
Index Chart-Black Sea Table

chart section following
chart section following
chart section following
chart section following
chart section following
chart section following

page 231
page 231
page 231
page 231
page 231
page 231
page 231
page 231

page 231
page 231
page 231
page 231
page 231
page 231


ADMIRALTY

ATLANTIC

DISTANCE

TABLES

OCEAN

INTRODUCTION
1. Selecting a route. The routes used for distances in these tables, which are the shortest routes, are not necessarily
the quickest or most suitable for a particular passage: other routes may offer more favourable currents or conditions of
sea, swell or weather. The choice of the best route is described in Ocean Passages for the World and the various
volumes of Admiralty Sailing Directions: Routeing Charts show the principal commonly-used routes. Essential to this
choice, is a knowledge of the shortest distance between the point of departure and destination, which can then be
modified as circumstances require. It is these shortest navigable distances which are given in these tables.
Where traffic separation schemes or ship safety fairways exist, they have not necessarily been followed.
2. Terminal positions. The geographical positions of the places tabulated, together with those of places mentioned
in the notes, will be found in the Gazetteer at the end of Parts I, " and III.
Most of the terminal positions are pilot grounds or anchorages given in Admiralty Sailing Directions, but some are
positions on the most commonly-used tracks in the entrances to large ports, rivers, or inlets containing a number of
ports. Consequently the named terminal position in the tables may be an appreciable distance from the place after
which it is named, or from the ship's actual berth.
3. Depths. Where. routes are available for ships drawing 10m, they have been used for the distances in the tables.
Where there is not this depth, such as in harbour approaches or where there are off-lying shoals, the deepest
recommended channels have been used.
4.

Distances in the tables are given in International Nautical Miles. (See paragraph 7b).

5. Notes on routes and distances. Each table is preceded by a list of notes applicable to certain distances in

that table and indicating, where there is a choice of routes, which route has been used. The small figures below
the distance figures in the table refer to the notes.
6.
(a)

To use the tables
Locate terminal positions in the tables nearest to the required departure and destination from the index chartlets.
vii


viii
(b)
Places in the same table. With the name of the place first in alphabetical order, enter the head of the
appropriate page of the table. Follow the column down until it meets the line corresponding to the other place named
at the side. At this intersection will be found the distance between the two places, with the reference to any notes
in small figures immediately below it. Tables lIe--h and the tables in Part IV, however, may be entered at either the
head or the side.

(c)
Places in adjacent tables. Obtain the distance by adding the distances from departure or destination through
a place common to both tables. Places included in more than one table are shown in capitals in the tables and
on the index charts.
(d)
Places in non-adjacent tables. Work the distance through places common to the intervening table or tables,
or use the Link Tables in Part IV. Places included in Link Tables are marked by asterisks in the tables and on
the index charts. For example,see page xviii.


Example
A ship steams from

Nautical Miles.

r

Mean latitude
Arc distance

N to 50S along a meridian, a distance of 720' of arc. To find the distance in International

= 10 N.
=

=
=

[1-0001488-0-005
0598
[1,0001488-0,0050598
716·5 Int. Nautical Miles

x

x

cos (2 x 1~O)] 720
0,9993908] 720

For most purposes in practical navigation, this adjustment for the International Nautical Mile can be disregarded, but
if necessary it can be readily applied to the formulae for the sphere used in the following sections.

8.

Rhumb line sailing

(a)
A rhumb line, or loxodrome, is a line on the earth's surface which cuts all meridians at a constant angle. It
therefore plots on a Mercator chart as a straight line.
Rhumb line distances taken from a Mercator chart are only acceptable if measured on the latitude or distance scale
of the chart within the band of latitude covering the distance in question, and when the difference of latitude is not
great. With small-scale charts and a large difference of latitude, considerable errors may occur unless great care is
taken in using the latitude scale, particularly in high latitudes.
The course and distance between two places may be calculated approximately by plane sailing formulae, or exactly
by meridional parts or middle latitude sailing formulae.





9.

Great circle sailing

Th&distance along a track forming part of a great circle can either be calculated by spherical trigonometry, or obtained
from Sight Reduction Tables for Marine Navigation, Vols. 1-6. There is no graphic means of obtaining the distance.
Plotting of the track may be done on gnomonic charts where suitable ones are available, or on Mercator charts
either by calculating intermediate positions along the track or by obtaining them from Chart 5029 (Great Circle
Diagram).
Calculations may be made by tables and logarithms, or With an electronic calculator giving the usual mathematical
functions, including trigonometrical functions, square roots and logarithms.
If using a calculator, the following points should be borne in mind:

(i)

N latitude is regarded as +; S latitude as - .
E longitude is regarded as +; W longitude as - .

(ii)
Angles expressed in degrees and minutes can be converted to degrees and decimals of a degree, either by
inspection or by setting on the number of minutes, dividing by 60, and adding the number of degrees.
Conversely, angles expressed in degrees and decimals of a degree can be converted to degrees and minutes by
setting on the angle, noting and subtracting the number of degrees, and multiplying the remainder by 60.
xiii


xiv

(iii)
For angles over 90°, when sin, cas or tan of an angle, or their reciprocals, are entered, most instruments will
show the correct sign with them; but with the reverse process of obtaining arc-sin, arc-cas or arc-tan, the sense of
the angle must be determined by inspection.
Since
cas A = cas + A
-cas A = cas (180°+ A)
sin A=sin +A
-sin A = sin -A
tan A = tan + A
-tan A =tan -A
and -A = 360 -A
e.g. 0·5 = cas 60° or cas 300°
0

or
or
or
or
or
or

cas
cas
sin
sin
tan
tan

-A
(180°-A)
(180°-A)
(180°+ A)
(180°+ A)
(180°-A)





xviii
Examples of the use of the Tables
Places in the same table.
Oslofjorden -

Dover

The Index Chart accompanying North Sea-Table Id shows that both places lie within the area of that table.
Entering the head of the table (p.41) at DOVER (the name first in alphabetical order) follow the column to
OSLOFJORDEN.
OSLO FJORD EN-DOVER is 578.
Places in adjacent tables.
Oslofjorden - ile d'Ouessant
The Index Charts accompanying North Sea-Table
Id and Channel
connected through either Calais or Dover.
Entering the head of each table at DOVER (the shorter and probably
DOVER-OSLOFJORDEN
Table Id (p.41)
DOVER-OUESSANT,
iLE d'
Table Ie (p.27)

Table-Ie

show that these tables can be

preferable route):
578
307

--

Giving Oslofjorden - ile d'Ouessant

885

--

Places in non-adjacent tables.
Oslofjorden - Cape Town

From Index Chart-Atlantic Ocean Tables (loose). or by reference to p.69, it can be seen that this distance involves
North Sea, Channel, NE Atlantic and SE Atlantic Tables, and that SE Atlantic Table must be entered at Arquipelago
dos Bijagos.
From these tables, the component distances can be obtained thus:
DOVER - OSLOFJORDEN
Table Id (p.41)
578
DOVER-OUESSANT,
ILE d'
Table Ic (p.27)
307
BIJAGOS, ARQO dos-OUESSANT,
iLE d' Table IIa (p.77)
2365
BIJAGOS, ARQO dos-CAPE
TOWN
Table lib (p.86)
3367

--

Giving Oslofjorden-Cape

Town

6617

-Alternatively, by using a Link Table (p.225) for some selected stations; the working can be shortened:
DOVER - OSLOFJORDEN
Table Id (p.41)
578
Dover-;-Arqo dos Bijagos
Table B (p.227)
2672
BIJAGOS, ARQO dos-CAPE
TOWN
Table lib (p.86)
3367

-Giving again Oslofjorden-Cape

Town

6617
--


PART I

NORTH-WEST

EUROPE TABLES

ARCTIC-TABLE

PART I-NORTH-WEST

la

EUROPE.ARCTIC-TABLE la


ARCTIC-TABLE

la

Indreleia, the inner route, runs inside the islands off the Norwegian coast from Bergen to Stadtlandet, and thence to Vestfjord
which is entered W of Mc'lIoyvrer; from Vestfjord the route continues N from L0dingen, reaching Nordkapp through Breisund.
Distances through Indreleia are so indicated by the notes, and are measured along the routes described in Admiralty
Sailing Directions; where there are alternative routes the main one has been used.
Between Bergen and Vestfjord, where the shortest distance along the coast is not through Indreleia, reference is made in
the main table to the Table of Distances through Indreleia on page 7.
Between Vestfjord and Nordkapp, the shortest distance between places in the table are those given in the main table,
through Indreleia.
If entering Indreleia through Mager0ysund, S of Nordkapp, from places between Nordkapp and Proliv Karskiye Vorota, 5 miles
should be added to the tabulat~d distances of places between Hammerfest and Mo-i-Rana.
Notes:
t For distance through Indreleia, see page 7.
1 Through Indreleia.
2 Through Indreleia N of Vestfjord.
3 Either N or S of Iceland.
4 S of Iceland.
5 W of Straumnes.

6 Through Frohavet.
7 W of Novoya Zemlaya.
8 Through Rams0yfjord.
9 Through Saltsteinsleia and W of Sm0la.
10 Through Fleinvrerfjorden.
11 Through Breidsunddjupet.
12 Through Hukstadvik.
13 Through Gasvrerfjord and Stifjord.
14 Through Kvalsund.
15 Through Fedjefjord.
16 Through Fedjeosen.
17 Through Rolvs0ysund.
18 Through Yell Sound.
19 Through Malangen.
20 Through Fugleleia.
21 NE of Freroes.

PART I-NORTH-WEST

22
23

24
25
26
27
28
29

30

31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39

40
41

42
43

Through Ramnegapet.
E of Shetland Is'lands.
S of Shetland Islands.
Through Skopen Fjord.
Through Myggenres and Skopen Fjords.
Through Myggenres and Syder0 Fjords.
Through Gims0ystraum.
Through Andfjorden.
Through Asvrerfjorden.
Through Dimon Fjord.
Through R0sthavet and between Bliksvrer and Fleinvrer.
Through Nogvafjorden.
Through Griph0len.
Wof Lofoten Islands and off-lying islands NE of them.

Through R0sthavet and Trrenfjorden.
Through R0sthavet.
S of Spitsbergen.
W of Lang0Y.
Through Indreleia S of Gr0tsund.
W of Shetland Islands. If E of Shetland Islands, add 2.
N of Iceland. If S of Iceland, add 26.
Through Kors Fjord.

EUROPE. ARCTIC-TABLE

la
3






PART I

NORTH-WEST
WEST APPROACHES

PART I-NORTH-WEST

EUROPE TABLES

TO THE BRITISH ISLES-TABLE

Ib

EUROPE. WEST APPROACHES TO THE BRITISH ISLES-TABLE

Ib
9


10

WEST APPROACHES TO THE BRITISH

ISLES-TABLE

Ib

The Minches. Where routes pass through the Minches, the mean of the distances by the N-bound and S-bound
recommended tracks have been used.
Menai Strait, Sound of Islay and Kyle of Lochalsh. No routes, except those to Port Dinorwic, Port Askaig and Kyle
of Lochalsh, have been used which pass through these straits. If a distance is required by way of one of the straits, it may be
obtained by working it through the tabulated place which lies in the strait.
Caledonian Canal. Fort William to Moray Firth (North Sea Table (Id)) through Caledonian Canal is 68 miles.
Notes:
1 W of fie d'Ouessant.
2 Waf Isles of Scilly.
3 E of Isles of Scilly.
4 N of Lundy Island.
5 S of Lundy Island.
6 E of Grassholm.
7 W of Bardsey Island.

8 W of Smalls.
9 E of Anglesey.
10 Waf Anglesey.
11 W of Kish Bank.
12 W of Arklow Bank.
13 W of Kish and Arklow Banks.
14 W of Kish and Arklow Banks and through Rusk Channel.
15 Between Arklow and India Banks.
16 W of Kish Bank and between Arklow and India Banks.
17 N of India Bank.
18 Through Rusk Channel.
19 N of Isle of Man.
20 W of Isle of Man.
21 E of Isle of Man and W of Ballacash Bank.
22 Between Hunter Rock and The Maidens.
23
E of The Maidens.
24
E of The Maidens and through Rathlin Sound.
25 Through Rathlin Sound.
26
N of Rathlin Island.
27 Through Kilbrannan Sound.
28
E of Ireland.
29 W of Ireland.
30 S of Ireland.
31
S of Ireland. If N of Ireland, through Rathlin Sound and E of The Maidens, add 12.