Nghiên cứu điều chế sét hữu cơ từ Bentonit Ấn Độ với Etyltriphenylphotphoni Bromua và bước đầu dò ứng dụng (Luận văn thạc sĩ)

- 2016



60 44 01 13

T

- 2016



4

PGS.TS

TS.

6


, em xin

- TS.

-

Sau

,c
T

.


..................................................................................................................i
.....................................................................................................................ii
........................................................................................................................ iii
...............................................................................................iv
........................................................................................................v
.......................................................................................................vi
.......................................................................................................................1
............................................................................................2
1.1. Bentonit...................................................................................................................2
1.1.1. Th

......................................................2
..........................................................................................3
.........................................................................................6

1.1.4. C

p ho t h a bentonit ....................................................................9
..............................................................................................10
.............................................................................................................14
.....................................................................................14
............................................................................................15
...............................17
....................................................................................18
...................................................................................20

1.2.6

...............................................................21
........................................................................................28
..........................................................................................28

1.3.2. M

......................................................32
.....................................................................34
...........................................................................................................34
....................................................................34
.............................................................35
................................................37


....................................................................................41
.................................................................................................41
.............................................................................................................41
.............................................................................................41
.........................................................................................................42
2.2.1.

..............................................................42

bent-A v

..........................................................................43

2.3.

2.3.1.

...............................................................................44
p nhi u x tia X (XRD) ..................................................................44
.............................................................................44
........................................................45
..........................................................45
...................45
....................................................................................46
................................................................47
...............................................................................................47
.......................................................47
ETPB/bentonit ..................................49
..............................................................52
.....................................................54
.....56
ub

......................................56
................................................58
.................................................60
..............................62

3.3. Kh o s t kh

p ph

c as th

u ch ...........................62

..............................................................62
...........................................................64
th

u ch ...................65


......................................................66

...................................................................................................68
T I LI U THAM KH O ...........................................................................................72


ETPB

Etyltriphenylphotphoni bromua

Bent

Bentonit

Bent-A

Bentonit

MMT

Montmorillonit

S
XRD
SEM

X-ray diffraction hi

n t qu t


2

001

...................................................................................... 16
.....31
001

...................................... 48
ETPB
l

(%)

001

c ac cm us th uc

B

u ch ............ 51

(%) cation

001

................................................. 53
001

cation h u c

...................................... 55
u.......................................................................................... 61
........................................... 63

B ng 3.7: S ph thu c c a dung l

u su t h p ph

i gian ................... 64

...................................................................... 65
9
.............................................................................. 67
ng s Langmuir b
A

th uc

-

............................................................................ 70

........................................................... 2
........... 15
.... 16
........................ 29
.................................................... 30
............................................... 39
Cf

f ............................................................ 39

Freundlich.............................................. 40
f ................................................................. 40

........................................................... 42
o

C, 30oC, 40oC, 50oC, 60oC, 70oC.......................... 47
001

................................................ 48
-A
ETPB/

0,2; 0,3; 0,4; 0,5; 0,6; 0,7........... 50
001

ETPB/bentonit c a c c m u s t h u c

u ch .............................. 50

-A v
dung d ch c pH l n l
H

trong

t l 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 .................................. 52

th bi u di n s ph thu c c a gi tr d001 theo pH dung d ch ..... 53
-A v
2 gi , 3 gi , 4 gi , 5 gi , 6 gi , 7 gi . ............................... 54
001

... 55

-A .......................................................... 57
u ki n t i u............... 57


-A ............................................................. 58
ETPB) .......................................................... 58
u................. 59
H nh 3.14: Gi

ch nhi t c a bent-A................................................. 60

H nh 3.15: Gi

ch nhi t c a s t h u c
-

u ch

u ki n t i u ...... 60

c

.................... 62

............................................................ 63
th bi u di

n
-A, s t h u c

u ch ....................................... 64

th bi u di

-A, s t h u c

u ch

......................................... 66

-A
a bentf

u ch ... 67
iv

.... 68
c a

f

bent-A ................................................................................................ 68
c as th uc
iv

............................................................................... 69
f

s th uc

u ch

f

a

u ch ............................................................................ 69


Bentonit
.

kylphotphoni

n
u tr c c ng k nh

traankyl

[25].

.

p ph c


1.1. Bentonit
: Bentonit
hectorit, saponit, zeolit, mica, kaolin,

Al2O3.4SiO2.nH2
8 Al4O20 (OH)4

cho
3+

4

3+

, Fe3+, Fe2+, Mg2+,

4+

6.

,...
2O3

: SiO2

4 [7], [10], [17].

:


Al2O3
SiO2.

.
Trong

an-

-van [14], [17], [21].
g

Si4+

3+

3+

cho Mg2+

2+

+

, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+

+

, K+, Li+,
g.
[14], [17], [19], [21].

1.1.2.
T
phyllosilicat


an-

-

- 200o
- 500o

- 750o

900o

lit,

o

[15], [19], [28], [33].

t c ng nh th di n t ch


b m t ngo i c ng l

-

-

Do benton
c

[14], [18], [28],
[30], [36].
K
4+

S
Mg2+

3+

3+

2+

+

, Ca2+, Mg2+

].

cho


+

-

> Me2+ > Me3+.

+

l

> Na+ > K+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > Fe2+ > Al3+.

t
[15].
1.1.3

Bentonit

:
,.

-

pl cd

g m bentonit t n

c s d ng r t l n, bao

bentonit ho t h

ng bentonit t n

cho qu tr nh l c d u l 25%

ng d

ng bentonit m

tr nh tinh ch ch b

ng d

c tinh ch . Ngo

ph p d ng bentonit c n c m c hao ph d u th
ng thu

nh

n

c ph n

].

-

ph

c c s n ph m kh c. V i

c s d ng tinh ch
ch l m t ch p h p ph

t o ra c c dung d ch khoan v i ch

c bi t t t, bentonit c th

c bi t cao v chi ph

th p. V th , c ng v i s ph t tr n c a ngh

v khai th c d

c s d ng trong vi c ch t o dung d ch khoan ng y c
nay M n chi m t i 40% t ng s
Nh ng ch c

ng bentonit c

c n y.

ng c a bentonit trong dung d ch khoan l :

u
ng
ng y


-

n s m t dung d ch v o c c

nh vi c t o

p b nh l

l cn y

n

c

p su t th p, th

ct

c

nh l khoan. L p b nh

i b m t dung d ch m c t c d

tc i

m ng l m b n th nh l khoan.
-

[13].
-L
,

[4], [5], [11], [18], [30].

,
,

,...


3+

2+
3+

2+

proto
a
bentonit [10].

ion Al3+, Fe3+, Mg2+, Ca2+

x

], [23

sau

[38].
L

u ch s t h u

C c kho ng s t c c u tr c l p thu c h s
vermiculit, hectorit, saponit, v b
u ch s t h
h u

c c t nh ch

cao, c kh n
l n [9].

,

c s d ng l m
c s d ng r ng r

c bi t c a n , ch ng h

i u ch c c s t
i ion

m nh, c c c t nh ch t h p ph v di n t ch b m t


entoni
[8], [15], [36].
1.1.4. C

p ho t h a bentonit

Bentonit t n

l m t ch t h p ph ,

t nh h p ph , t y tr ng, ho t t nh x c t

i

i ta c n t m c ch l

m t c a n . T t c c c c ch l m v i m
h a bentonit. C nhi
bentonit v m

c g i l s ho t

p ho t h a bentonit p d ng cho t ng lo i

ch ho t h a

p ch nh l : ho t h a

b ng ki m, ho t h a b ng nhi t, ho t h a b
[12], [15], [26].
Ho t h a b ng nhi t
cc
i tinh th c a

g ph p n y l d ng nhi t
ts tv

l m n t m t ph n c c tinh th
l

m t,

t

c ra kh i m ng

t ch y c c ch t b n, ch t m

ng th i

t o th nh trong m

t s t nh ng khe r nh

x p.

Tuy v y, khi ho t h a bentonit b ng nhi t
qu cao v

nhi t

c

cao bentonit s b gi m kh

n nhi

p ph v t y tr

i

th ch h p ho t h

110 - 150oC.

p ho t h a hi u qu nh

c s

v i m i lo i s t th c kho ng nhi
Ho t h a b
p

d ng r ng r i trong th c t . Trong qu tr nh ho t h a b ng axit, ng
th d ng c c axi
Trong nh

n

3,

i ta c

H2SO4 .

th t c d ng c a HCl l m nh nh t, v ngo i kh
c oxit kim lo i n c n c kh

a tan m t ph n SiO2


nhi

cao. Tuy v y, HCl d

u ch nh nhi

c hay

. Tuy v y, l i d ng ch

s ng ch m

m y u n y m

n ho t h a bentonit b

thu h i v t i s d

cho ph p

l m gi m chi ph

u qu kinh t . Kh

p ph , t y tr ng v ho t t nh x c t c c

ho t ho ph

thu c r t nhi u v

u ki n ho t h

gian ho t h a, nhi

ho t h a,... M i y u t

n ch

b n ch t axit ho t h a, th i
uc

ng c a bentonit ho t h a.

n
t c nl

ng nh

p, ngh a l c

i v i m i lo i bentonit v m i m t m

s s d

u ki n th ch h p nh
cho n c kh

nh

um ty ut

ng d

nh

i ta

ng
nh c c y u

ch s d

i ta

ho t h a bentonit m t c ch t

p ph t t nh t.

Ho t h a b ng ki m
D ng ki m h a tan m t s oxit l
m t nh ng l x p v t
silicat b

ng t nh n

Al2O3

ng. Tuy nh

ts

t t o th nh c u tr c kh c v m t s ch t kh

do sa l ng. M t kh c khi h m

p ho t h a b ng ki m t
c bi t n o

m n

t
h a tan

ng kim lo i ki m l n th ho t t nh x c t c

t gi m do ion Na +

c

o

i ta m i s d

c c c

y

d ng, ch

ng h p

p n y.

1.1.5
:


c:

,

-

,
[8], [10], [15].
:
ben

,...

...
-Na.
onit-Ca.

-


[8], [10], [15].

n Oakland Hathi-ki-Dhani [28

i [27].
1.1

SiO2

53.44

TiO2

1.24

Al2O3

16.12

Cr2O3

0.02

Fe2O3

13.65

MnO

0.11

MgO

2.84

NiO

0.01

Na2O

2.31

P2 O 5

0.04

K2O

0.27

S

0.16

CaO

1.28

8.03

:


b
.

bentonit
g 542.0
-5
- 8m. Bentonit
n.
kh

ph

60 - 70%.

- 0,42. Dung

,01 Qu
bentonit

-


n

-

.

-

[10], [14].

uv

p ch t h

c th c hi n t nh
s

u c a th k

ng v

kh

n th

cation gi
+
3R ,

t qu

NH2R2+, NHR3+
p ch t h

d

m ch

4

ra kh

+

i ion trong

kho

t y u v i oxi b m t c

SiO4 n

c

h

nh t di n

thay th b ng

i ch t h
gi a hai phi
cg

a hai

ng l c Van- ec-van. Do v

m t phi

m

d ng

c khi ti
cn m

phi

S

ng v

c, cation h
t ch t ch v i b m t phi

p ph

a cation