RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF HYBRID RICE IN VIETNAM

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF
HYBRID RICE IN VIETNAM
contraints and perpectives

*Nguyen Tri Hoan , Le Quoc Thanh
Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences
* Pham Dong Quang
Minister Of Agriculture and Rural Development
*Ngo Van giao
Vietnam Seed Trade Association
*Duong thanh Tai
Southern Joint-stock Seed Company


Role of agriculture in Vietnam’s economy
Vietnam is predominantly an agricultural economy, based on
paddy rice production. Among the other edible crops, maize, sweet
potato, cassava, vegetables are most important. Rubber, coffee, tea,
coconut, sugarcane are the most important industrial plants
Vietnam is an agriculture-based country with more than 73% of
population depending on the agriculture
Rice is the most important crop with cultivated area is 7.27,6 million ha, maize 1.2 mil ha; Almost rice variety are inbred ones,
hybrid varieties accounting for around 700,000 ha.
Rice variety improvement is on the top of priority for rice research
during last two decades


Achivements in rice production in Vietnam during
20 years, from 1986 - 2005:
Average yield of rice increaced from 2.81 to 4.93 tons/ha
(1.7 times )

Total rice production increased from 16 to 36 million tons;
Rice export increased from 0.06 to 5.2 million tons
(2013 : Aver. yield 5,58 tons/ha, production 44 mill.tons,
exported 6.7 mil.tons)


Table 1: Area, Yield and production of rice in Vietnam
during 2001-2013
(Source :Statitical Department)
Year
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013

Area

Yield

Production

(1000 ha)
7,492.0.
7,504.3
7,452.1
7,329.2
7,329.2
7,324.8
7,207.4
7,400.2
7,440.1
6,990.5
7,651.4
7,761.3
7,900.7

(ton/ha)
4.29
4.59
4.64
4.86
4.89
4.89
4.99
5.23
5.23
5.72
5.53
5.64
5.58

(1000 tons)
32,108.4
34,447.2
34,568.8
36,148.9
35,832.9
35,849.5
35,942.7
38,729.8
38,895.5
39,988.9
42,324.9
43,737.6
44,053.0


Table 2 : Rice exported of Vietnam during 2001-2013
Year
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012

2013

Rice exported
Quantity(mili. ton)
3.729
3.241
3.813
4.060
5.250
4.643
4.558
4.742
5.958
6.886
7.128
7.720
6.681

Value (mil.USD)
625
726
721
950
1.407
1.276
1.490
2.894
2.664
3.248
3.519

3.450
2.893

Price (USD)/ton
168
224
189
234
268
275
327
610
447
472
494
447
433





2. Investment, especially in irrigation system
3. Application of advanced technologies
New rice improved varieties:
- 149 varieties from 1986 to 2005
- 45,1% VN rice varieties were applied in the production
New advanced technologies widely applied: INM, IPM,
ICM, “3 giam 3 tang”, …
Hybrid rice: 600.000 - 700.000 ha/year

II.

PROGRESS IN HYBRID RICE
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN
VIETNAM


1.Historical of hybrid rice development
-1980-1983 ; Rice breeders started to introduced and evaluated A and B
line from IRRI At CLRRI and VASI
-1992 Vietnam Introduced F1 seeds from China for testing and
demonstration in the farmers fields
- 1992-1995:
+Rice breeders introduced A Lines,B Lines from IRRI, China for hybrid
rice breeding in Vietnam.
+ Hybrid Rice Research Center belonged to VASI was established by
MARD.,
+ MARD gave subsidized fund for hybrid rice seed production and
hybrid rice commercial production.
+ FAO supported Vietnam TCP Project provided training rice breeding in
China, Provided International consultant on seed production and hybrid
rice breeding, provided some equipments for hybrid rice research.


-1996-2000 :
+:Second TCP Project supported by FAO for seed production and training at
IRRI and China
+ ADB/IRRI Hybrid rice Project supported for Parental lines purification and

Hybrid rice breeding
+Hybrid rice breeding and seed parent purification Funded by MARD. MARD
gave subsidized fund for hybrid rice seed production
-2001-2015 :
+ Hybrid rice Research project funding by MARD (80.000-10.000 USD pêr
year)
+Local hybrids ( 3 lines and 2 line hybrids) have been developed and released
for F1 seed production
+ 2000- 3000 ha of hybrid rice seed production have been done per year with
the yield of 2-2.5 tons/ha obtained


2, Status and trend of hybrid rice development
2.1, Progress of hybrid rice research


2.1.1,Exploitation of imported CMS lines and Developed new CMS
lines for breeding suitable 3 line hybrids
* IR 58025 A developed by IRRI


**Developed new CMS
Table 3 : Characteristics of newly developed CMS lines
CMS lines

IA/
BK7-8-2BC9

25A/
B8-3-1BC8

D62A/
R623BC
6

II32A/
OM250213BC11

BoA/
BK25BC8

BoA/
BK1-5-1BC9

74

71

65

75

71

67

70-75

75-80

70-75

76-80

50-55

75-80

8,9

11,4

10,2

10,2

10,8

10,3

3

2

5

5

5

3

76,3

87,6

75,2

81,6

62,4

73,5

98

90

98,8

98,5

90

97

Phenotype
Acceptability
(score)

1

1

1

1

3

1

Grain shape.

Round

Long

Long

Round

Long

Character
Duration to
heading 10 %
(day)
Stigma exert.(%)

Panical/hill
Off type (%)
Plant height(cm)
Sterile pollen (%)

Long


2.1.2, Results of developing new tropical
TGMS lines in Vietnam




The new TGMS lines had stable
pollen sterility under critical
temperature of 23-24oC, uniform
in phenotype combined with good
combining ability were developed
viz. AMS30S
(827S),T196S,103S,TGMS1
Some newly developed TGMS lines
have been used as female of
promising two line hybrids viz.
VL20, TH3-3, TH3-4, HC1, TH5-1,
HYT103, HYT102, VL24 HYT108,
LHD5 and LHD6.

2.1.3, Developed new TGMS based on adapted
maintainer line and restorer lines of 3 line hybrids
Aimed:
 Overcome instability of some exiting CMS
 Limited number of available CMS lines for 3 line
hybrid system.
 Exploiting good flower characteristics, good
combining of exiting parental lines
Parental lines used :
 4 TGMS lines were CL64S, 7S, CN26S, TG125S
 Maintainer lines were II-32B, Jin 23B, IR62829B, BoB,
IR58025B, 97B,
 Restorer lines were Gui99, Ce64, Fuhui838.


Table 4: Characteristics of newly developed
TGMS lines derived from exiting CMS lines
TGMS
lines

Duration
to
heading
(days)

AMS
35S-45

87

AMS
35S-46

87

AMS3
6S

AMS
37S-76
AMS
34S-10

85
72
72

Plant
Panicle/ Spikelet/
Stigma
height
Stigma exertion
panicle
color
hill
(cm)

65.3

7.4

194.0

Good

White

73.7

7.0

227.7

Good

Black

77.0

8.0

173.7

Very good

Black

Very good

Black

Very good

Black

63,3
67,7

6,6
8,5

197,3
156,0



2.1.4, Results of development for parental
lines having WC gene







The conventional high yielding varieties, adapted to
Vietnamese condition as Xi23, Q5, Chiem77, R242,
BM9855 etc… were used as male to cross with donor
having WC gene viz. Peiai 64S, N22, Palawan, Dular,
Calotoc, Lambayeque1, Moroberecan.

Single crosses were done and selection for parental lines
followed 2 directions:
(i) Select fertile plant in segregating generation
to male parent having WC gene
(ii) Selected sterile plants in segregating
generations of single crosses or in back crossing
generations.


Table 6 : Characteristics of newly developed TGMS
having WC gene (HRDC, 2005 - 2010)
D52S

D59S

Characters

D60S

sum
mer

spring

D116S

sum
mer

spring

sum
mer

spring

summer

spring

Day no. to flowering

82

62

86

64

82

62

86

64

Stigma exertion (%)

60

65

70

75

60

65

70

75

Pollen sterile (%)

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

Fertile pollen(%)

98

-

98

-

98

-

98

-

Tiller No./hill

9,0

14,0

9,5

15,0

9,0

14,0

9,5

15,0

Plant height (cm)

72,5

-

78,2

-

72,5

-

78,2

-

Selection of male lines containing WC
Along with observation and study in field,
leaves of the male lines were collected to analyse
AND by using PCR reaction with molecular marker
RM225, RM253, linked with WC gene which was
determined in the previous study.
Using 2 molecular markers RM225 and
RM253 to select lines which bring QTL/WC gene,
showed in figure 21, 22 following:


Combination two analyses result with two
marker RM225 and RM 253, we obtained 16
perpective male lines which absolutely contain
WC gene: D16-3, D27, D18-3, D22, D27-5,
D14, D25-2, D1-5, D17, D16-1, D16-6, D26,
D19, D52, D46 và D67.