Accounting principles, 13th edition ch14

Accounting Principles
Thirteenth Edition
Weygandt Kimmel Kieso

Chapter 14

Corporations: Dividends, Retained
Earnings, and Income Reporting
Prepared by

Coby Harmon

University of California, Santa Barbara
Westmont College


Chapter Outline
Learning Objectives
LO 1 Explain how to account for cash dividends, stock

dividends, and stock splits.

LO 2 Discuss how stockholders’ equity is reported and
analyzed.
LO 3 Describe the form and content of corporation
income statements.

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2

Accounting for Dividends and Stock
Splits

Distribution of cash or stock to stockholders on a pro
rata (proportional to ownership) basis.
Types of Dividends:
1. Cash
2. Property
3. Stock
4. Scrip (promissory note)
LO 1

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3


Cash Dividends
For a corporation to pay a cash dividend, it must have:
1. Retained earnings - Payment of cash dividends from
retained earnings is legal in all states
2. Adequate cash
3. A declaration of dividends by Board of Directors

LO 1

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4

Cash Dividends
Three dates are important:

LO 1

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ILLUSTRATION 14.1
Key dividend dates

5


Cash Dividends
Illustration: On December 1, the directors of Media General
declare a 50 cents per share cash dividend on 100,000 shares
of $10 par value common stock. The dividend is payable on
January 20 to shareholders of record on December 22.
Dec. 1 Cash Dividends 50,000
Dividends Payable
50,000
Dec. 22

No entry

Jan. 20 Dividends Payable 50,000
Cash
50,000

LO 1

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6


Dividend Preferences
Right to receive dividends before common
stockholders
Per share dividend amount is stated as a percentage
of preferred stock’s par value or as a specified
amount
Cumulative Dividend Preferred stockholders must
be paid both current-year dividends and any
unpaid prior-year dividends before common
stockholders receive dividends
LO 1

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7


Dividend Preferences
Cumulative Dividend
Illustration: Scientific Leasing has 5,000 shares of 7%, $100
par value, cumulative preferred stock outstanding. Each $100
share pays a $7 dividend (.07 × $100). The annual dividend is
$35,000 (5,000 × $7 per share). If dividends are two years in

arrears, preferred stockholders are entitled to receive the
following dividends.
Dividends in arrears ($35,000 × 2)
$ 70,000
Current-year dividends 35,000
Total preferred dividends $105,000
LO 1

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8


Dividend Preferences
Allocating Cash Dividends Between Preferred and
Common Stock
Holders of cumulative preferred stock must be paid any
unpaid prior-year dividends and their current year’s dividend
before common stockholders receive dividends.

LO 1

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9


Allocating Cash Dividends
Illustration: On December 31, 2020, IBR Inc. has 1,000 shares
of 8%, $100 par value cumulative preferred stock. It also has

50,000 shares of $10 par value common stock outstanding. At
December 31, 2020, the directors declare a $6,000 cash
dividend. Calculate the annual preferred dividend.
$100 par x 8% x 1,000 shares = $8,000

Prepare the entry to record the declaration of the dividend.
Dec. 31 Cash Dividends 6,000
Dividends Payable
6,000
LO 1

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10


Allocating Cash Dividends
Illustration: At December 31, 2021, IBR declares a $50,000
cash dividend. Show the allocation of dividends to each class
of stock.
Total dividend
Allocated to preferred stock
Dividends in arrears, 2020 (1,000 × $2)
2021 dividend (1,000 × $8)
Remainder allocated to common stock

LO 1

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$50,000
$2,000
8,000

10,000
$40,000

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Allocating Cash Dividends
Illustration: At December 31, 2021, IBR declares a $50,000
cash dividend. Prepare the entry to record the declaration of
the dividend.
Dec. 31 Cash Dividends 50,000
Dividends Payable
50,000

LO 1

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12


DO IT! 1a Dividends on Preferred and
Common Stock
MasterMind Corporation has 2,000 shares of 6%, $100 par value
preferred stock outstanding at December 31, 2020. At December
31, 2020, the company declared a $60,000 cash dividend.

Determine the dividend paid to preferred stockholders and
common stockholders under each of the following scenarios.
1. The preferred stock is noncumulative, and the company has
not missed any dividends in previous years.
Preferred stockholders are paid only this year’s dividend
Preferred stockholders = $12,000 (2,000 x .06 x $100)
Common stockholders = $48,000 ($60,000 - $12,000)
LO 1

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13


DO IT! 1a Dividends on Preferred and
Common Stock
MasterMind Corporation has 2,000 shares of 6%, $100 par value
preferred stock outstanding at December 31, 2020. At December
31, 2020, the company declared a $60,000 cash dividend.
Determine the dividend paid to preferred stockholders and
common stockholders under each of the following scenarios.
2. The preferred stock is noncumulative, and the company did
not pay a dividend in each of the two previous years.
Past unpaid dividends do not have to be paid
Preferred stockholders = $12,000 (2,000 x .06 x $100)
Common stockholders = $48,000 ($60,000 - $12,000)
LO 1

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DO IT! 1a Dividends on Preferred and
Common Stock
MasterMind Corporation has 2,000 shares of 6%, $100 par value
preferred stock outstanding at December 31, 2020. At December
31, 2020, the company declared a $60,000 cash dividend.
Determine the dividend paid to preferred stockholders and
common stockholders under each of the following scenarios.
3. The preferred stock is cumulative, and the company did not
pay a dividend in each of the two previous years.
Dividends that have been missed (arrears) must be paid
Preferred stockholders = $36,000 (3 x 2,000 x .06 x $100)
Common stockholders = $24,000 ($60,000 - $36,000)
LO 1

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Stock Dividends
A pro rata (proportional to ownership) distribution of the
corporation’s own stock to stockholders.
Reasons why corporations issue stock dividends:
1. Satisfy stockholders’ dividend expectations without
spending cash
2. Increase marketability of corporation’s stock
3. Emphasize a portion of stockholders’ equity has

been permanently reinvested in business

LO 1

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Stock Dividends
a. Small stock dividend (less than 20–25% of
corporation’s issued stock, recorded at fair market
value)


Accounting based on assumption that a small
stock dividend will have little effect on market
price of outstanding shares

b. Large stock dividend (greater than 20–25% of issued
stock, recorded at par value)

LO 1

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Entries for Stock Dividends

Illustration: Medland Corporation declares a 10% stock dividend on
its 50,000 shares of $10 par value common stock. The current fair
market value of its stock is $15 per share. Record the entry on the
declaration date:
Stock Dividends 75,000
Common Stock Dividends Distributable
50,000
Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par—Common Stock
25,000
Paid-in capital
Common stock
Common stock dividends distributable
In excess of par—common stock
Total paid-in capital
LO 1

ILLUSTRATION 14.4
Statement presentation

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$500,000
50,000
25,000
$575,000
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Entries for Stock Dividends
Illustration: Medland Corporation declares a 10% stock dividend on

its 50,000 shares of $10 par value common stock. The current fair
market value of its stock is $15 per share. Record the entry on the
declaration date:
Stock Dividends 75,000
Common Stock Dividends Distributable
50,000
Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par—Common Stock
25,000
Record the journal entry when Medland issues the dividend shares.
Common Stock Dividends Distributable 50,000
Common Stock
50,000
LO 1

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Effects of Stock Dividends
Before
Dividend

ILLUSTRATION 14.5

Change

After
Dividend

Stockholders’ equity
Paid-in capital
Common stock, $10 par
Paid-in capital in excess of par—
Total paid-in capital
Retained earnings
Total stockholders’ equity
Outstanding shares
Par value per share
LO 1

$500,000
500,000
300,000
$800,000
50,000
$10.00

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$
50,000 $550,000
25,000
25,000
+75,000 575,000
-75,000 225,000
$
0 $800,000
+5,000
$0

55,000
$10.00
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Stock Dividends
Which of the following statements about small stock
dividends is true?
a. A debit to Retained Earnings should be made for
the par value of the shares issued.
b. A small stock dividend decreases total
stockholders’ equity.
c. Market price per share should be assigned to the
dividend shares.
d. A small stock dividend ordinarily will have an
effect on par value per share of stock.
LO 1

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Stock Splits
a. Issuance of additional shares to stockholders
according to their percentage ownership
b. Reduction in par or stated value per share
c. Increase in number of shares outstanding
d. Reduces market value of shares

e. No journal entry recorded, no affect on any balance
in stockholders’ equity

LO 1

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22


Stock Splits
Effect of 4-for-1 stock split for stockholders
ILLUSTRATION 14.6

LO 1

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23


Effects for Medland Corporation, assuming that it splits its
50,000 shares of common stock on a 2-for-1 basis.
Before
Dividend
Stockholders’ equity
Paid-in capital
Common stock
Paid-in capital in excess of par—
Total paid-in capital

Retained earnings
Total stockholders’ equity
Outstanding shares
Par value per share

Change

$500,000
500,000 $
300,000
$800,000 $

After
Dividend

$500,000
0
0 500,000
0 300,000
0 $800,000

50,000 +50,000
$10.00
-$5.00

100,000
$5.00

ILLUSTRATION 14.7
LO 1

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24


DO IT! 1b Stock Dividends and Splits
Sing CD Company has had five years of record earnings. Due to this
success, the market price of its 500,000 shares of $2 par value
common stock has tripled from $15 per share to $45. During this
period, paid-in capital remained the same at $2,000,000. Retained
earnings increased from $1,500,000 to $10,000,000. President Joan
Elbert is considering either a 10% stock dividend or a 2-for-1 stock
split. She asks you to show the before-and-after effects of each
option on retained earnings, total stockholders’ equity, shares
outstanding, and par value per share.

LO 1

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