Cau tuong thuat viet lai cau tuong thuat

I. GIỚI THIỆU
Khi thuật lại lời nói của người khác, ta có thể nhắc lại nguyên văn. Trường hợp này gọi là lời nói trực tiếp (Direct Speech)
và khi viết phải đặt trong ngoặc kép. Ex: Nam said, “I am going to the cinema”.
Nhưng ta cũng có thể sửa đổi chút ít và lồng vào câu nói của mình. Trường hợp này gọi là lời nói gián tiếp (Indirect
speech). Ex: Nam said that he was going to the cinema.
II. QUI TẮC CHUYỂN LỜI NÓI TRỰC TIẾP SANG GIÁN TIẾP
Muốn chuyển một câu trần thuật từ lời nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp cần phải chú ý những thay đổi sau đây:
1. Đổi ngôi thứ của đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ và đại từ sở hữu cho thích hợp.
Ex: I am going to repair your bicycle; you can take mine.
==> Nam told me that he was going to repair my bicycle and I could take his.
2. Nếu nhắc lại lời nói trong quá khứ và dùng động từ ở thì quá khứ trong mệnh đề chính (He said…; they told…) thì
động từ trong lời nói gián tiếp phải lùi về quá khứ một bước theo các quy tắc sau đây:
Simple present –> simple past
Present progressive –> past progressive
Present perfect –> past perfect
Simple past –> past perfect

Past progressive –> past perfect progressive
Simple future –> would + V
can/may/must –> could /might/had to


3. Thay đổi những tính từ, phó từ hay cụm phó từ chỉ nơi chốn, thời gian… cho thích hợp, theo những quy tắc và thí dụ
sau đây.
This - that; these - those; here - there; now - then; today - that day; tomorrow - the next day; yesterday - the previous day
(the day before) ...
III. CÂU HỎI GIÁN TIẾP
Khi chuyển câu hỏi sang lời nói gián tiếp cũng phải áp dụng những quy tắc chung như đối với câu trân thuật, nhưng còn
chú ý thêm những điểm sau đây:
1. Động từ trong mệnh đề chính để giới thiệu lời nói gián tiếp là ask (hoặc enquire, wonder, want to know,…)
2. Từ để nối mệnh đề phụ là if hoặc want to know, v.v…

3. Từ để nối mệnh đề phụ là if hoặc whether đối với câu hỏi chung và đối với câu hỏi đặc biệt bắt đầu bằng các nghi vấn
what, why, v.v… thì dùng lại các từ đó.
4. Dạng câu hỏi chuyển thành câu trần thuật do đó không dùng các trợ động từ do, did, does, trong câu hỏi gián tiếp
Ex: Is that boy your brother? ==> He asked me if (whether) that boy was my brother.
Can you speak Russian? ==> He asked me if I could speak Russian.
Will you come tomorrow? ==> He asked if I would come the next day.
Has Henry worked hard? ==> He enquired whether Henry had worked hard.
What is your name? ==> He asked me what my name was.
Where does she live? ==> He enquired where she lived.
What did the teacher say? ==> He asked what the teacher had said.
IV. CÂU CẦU KHIẾN GIÁN TIẾP
Chuyển câu cầu khiến sang lời nói gián tiếp phải theo các quy tắc sau:
1. Mệnh đề chính để giới thiệu phải dùng những động từ như order, command, tell, ask, request… tiếp theo là tân ngữ chỉ
người được lệnh hay yêu cầu.
2. Động từ trong nguyên văn ở mức mệnh lệch phải đổi sang dạng động từ nguyên thể có to đứng trước. Nếu mệnh lệch ở
thể phụ định thì thêm not trước to + infinitive.
Ex: Get out! ==> He ordered him (them) to get out.
Sit down, please. ==> She asked me (him) to sit down.
Don’t leave the door open. ==> He asked me not to leave the door open.
Don’t come here tomorrow. ==> He told us not come there the next day.
V. CÂU HỖN HỢP
Trường hợp phải chuyển những câu hỗn hợp gồm các loại câu trần thuật, câu hỏi và câu cầu khiến sang lời nói gián tiếp, thì
cũng phải dùng những động từ thích hợp để giới thiệu từng phần.
Ex: - “I am off to the pictures. Where are you going?”.
==> He said that he was off to the pictures and wanted to know where I was going.
- “I have left my watch on your desk. Please bring it back to me”.
==> He said that he had left his watch on my desk and asked me to bring it back to him.
CÁC CẤU TRÚC KHÁC
1. say that + a statement ==> agree (đồng ý), refuse (từ chối), offer (đề nghị), promise (hứa), threaten + to V(inf) (dọa)
Ex: “All right, I’ll help you” he said.

==> he agreed to help me.
“ Oh, no, I won’t come to your party”, he said.
==> he refused to come to my party.
“I’ll look for the cat for you tomorrow if you like” he said.
==> He offered to look after the cat for me the next day if I liked.
“I’ll visit your parents when I arrive there”, he said
==> he promised to visit my parents when he arrived there.
“I’ll sell the TV set if you keep on watching it all day”, said the father
==> the father threatened to sell the TV set if he kept on watching it all day
2. say that + a statement ==> accuse …of + V_ing (buộc tội), admit + V_ing (thừa nhận), apologise for + V_ing (xin lỗi),
deny + V_ing (từ chối), insist on + V_ing (khăng khăng)
Ex: “You stole the jewels” said the inspector
==> the inspector accused her of stealing the jewels.
“I’ve made the wall dirty” said one student.


==> one student admitted making the wall dirty.
“I’m sorry I’m late” she said.
==> She apologized for being late.
“No, we didn’t enter the garden” said the boy.
==> the boy denied entering my garden.
“Certainly, I’ll buy that car for you”, said he.
==> he insisted on buying me that car.
3. say to somebody + a statement ==> told somebody + that + clause
Ex: “I’ve finished all my homework”, he said to me.
==> He told me that he had finished all his homework.
4. say + a statement ==> said that + clause
Ex: “I’m going to Hanoi tomorrow”, he said.
==> he said that he was going to Hanoi the next day.
5. statement with command, request, advice, invitation, offer ==> advise, ask, beg, encourage, invite, order, tell, warn,

remind…
Ex: “you’d better hurry”, he said.
==> he advised me to hurry.
“Post the letter for me, will you?”he said.
==> he asked me to post the letter for him.
“make another try, please”, he said.
==> he encouraged me to make another try
“Don’t drive too fast”, he said.
==> He warned me not to drive too fast.
“Remember to close the door”, he said.
==> he reminded me to close the door.
“Don’t forget to come at 6 a.m tomorrow”, he said.
==> he reminded to come at 6 a.m the next day.
6. Questions with “shall I…”==> 4 loại sau:
• About future event (Sự kiện trong tương lai)
Ex: “Shall we attend the meeting tomorrow”, she said.
==> She asked if they would attend the meeting the next day
• Request for instruction or advice (Lời hướng dẫn hoặc lời khuyên)
Ex: “Shall I read it, mother?” ha said.
==> He asked his mother if he should read it.
• Offer to do something
Ex: “Shall we bring you some new books?” she said.
==> She offered to bring me some new books.
• Suggest to do something
Ex: “Shall we go to the cinema tonight”, he said.
==> He suggested going to the cinema that night.
7. Questions with “Will you, would you, could you…?” (yêu cầu, đề nghị, mời) ==> offer, invite, order, ask, told.
Ex: “ Will you come to my party tomorrow?” he said.
==> he invited me to come to his party the next day.
“Could you get ready at 6p.m tonight?” he said.

==> He told/asked me to get ready at 6p.m that night.
“Would you like some cigarettes?” he said.
==> He offered me some cigarettes.
“Will you shut your mouth?” he said.
==> he ordered me to shut my mouth.


8. Let’s do…==> suggest + V-ing (nếu bao gồm cả người nói thực hiện hành động)
Let’s do…==> suggest + that S should do…(có thể bao gồm hoặc không bao gồm người nói thực hiện hành động)
Ex: “Let’s go to the cinema tonight”, he said.
==> He suggested going to the cinema that night. (anh ta cũng đi)
==> He suggested that they should go to the cinema that night.
9. Yes, let’s do…==> agree
No, let’s not do…==> be against the idea.
Ex: “Let’s eat out tonight” said the mother.
“Yes, let’s” said the son.
“No, let’s not” said the father.
==> The mother suggested eating out that night and the son agreed but the father was against the idea.
10. Chúc tụng : ==> to wish sb st
Ex: " good luck" they said to me
"thank you" I said
==> they wished me good luck and I thanked them.
11. Chúc mừng : ==> to congratulate sb on st/doing st
EX "You have passed your exam. Congratulations!"
==> he congratulated me on passing my exam.
12. Khen : to compliment sb on st
hoặcto give sb an exclamation of pleasure
Chê ==> to give sb an exclamation of displeasure
Ex "Your skirt is very nice!' she said to me.
==> she complimented me on my skirt

- "Well done!" said my teacher
==> My teacher gave me an exclamation of pleasure.
13. Câu cảm thán :
Ex "What a nice day! "
==> she exclaimed that it was a nice day.