Chapter 7
Variable Costing: A Tool for Management
True/False
1.
T
Easy
In the preparation of financial statements using variable costing,
fixed manufacturing overhead is treated as a period cost.
2.
F
Hard
Direct labor is always considered to be a product cost under variable
costing.
3.
F
Medium
Under variable costing, the unit product cost contains some fixed
manufacturing overhead cost.
4.
F
Medium
Under variable costing it may be possible to report a profit even if
the company sells less than the breakeven volume of sales.
5.
T
Easy
Under variable costing, the impact of fixed cost is emphasized because
the total amount of such cost for the period appears in the income
statement.
6.
F
Easy
Absorption costing treats fixed manufacturing overhead as a period
cost, rather than as a product cost.
7.
F
Medium
The unit product cost under absorption costing contains no element of
fixed manufacturing overhead cost.
8.
T
Easy
Absorption costing treats all manufacturing costs as product costs.
9.
T
Easy
When the number of units in work in process and finished goods
inventories increase, absorption costing net income will typically be
greater than variable costing net income.
10.
F
Easy
When sales exceeds production for a period, absorption costing net
income will generally be greater than variable costing net income.
Managerial Accounting, 9/e
221
11.
F
Medium
Absorption costing net income is closer to the net cash flow of a
period than is variable costing net income.
12.
F
Medium
Variable costing is not permitted for income tax purposes, but it is
widely accepted for external financial reports.
13.
F
Medium
Net income is not affected by changes in production when absorption
costing is used.
14.
T
Easy
When JIT methods are introduced, the difference in net income computed
under the absorption and variable costing methods is reduced.
15.
T
Easy
Since variable costing emphasizes costs by behavior, it works well
with costvolumeprofit analysis.
Multiple Choice
16.
C
Easy
A cost that would be included in product costs under both absorption
costing and variable costing would be:
a. supervisory salaries.
b. equipment depreciation.
c. variable manufacturing costs.
d. variable selling expenses.
17.
C
Easy
CPA
adapted
An allocated portion of fixed manufacturing overhead is included in
product costs under:
18.
B
Medium
CPA
adapted
The variable costing method ordinarily includes in product costs the
following:
a. Direct materials cost, direct labor cost, but no manufacturing
overhead cost.
b. Direct materials cost, direct labor cost, and variable
manufacturing overhead cost.
c. Prime cost but not conversion cost.
d. Prime cost and all conversion cost.
Absorption Variable
costing costing
a. No No
b. No Yes
c. Yes No
d. Yes Yes
222Managerial Accounting, 9/e
19.
D
Easy
Cay Company's fixed manufacturing overhead costs totaled $100,000, and
variable selling costs totaled $80,000. Under variable costing, how
should these costs be classified?
Period costs Product costs
a. $0 $180,000
b. $80,000 $100,000
c. $100,000 $80,000
d. $180,000 $0
20.
A
Easy
Which of the following are considered to be product costs under
variable costing?
I. Variable manufacturing overhead.
II. Fixed manufacturing overhead.
III. Selling and administrative expenses.
a. I.
b. I and II.
c. I and III.
d. I, II, and III.
21.
B
Medium
CPA
adapted
What factor is the cause of the difference between net income as
computed under absorption costing and net income as computed under
variable costing?
a. Absorption costing considers all manufacturing costs in the
determination of net income, whereas variable costing
considers
only prime costs.
b. Absorption costing allocates fixed manufacturing costs between
cost of goods sold and inventories, and variable
costing considers
all fixed manufacturing costs as period
costs.
c. Absorption costing includes all variable manufacturing costs
in
product costs, but variable costing considers variable
manufacturing costs to be period costs.
d. Absorption costing includes all fixed manufacturing costs in
product costs, but variable costing expenses all fixed
manufacturing costs.
22.
C
Easy
Under variable costing, costs which are treated as period costs
include:
a. only fixed manufacturing costs.
b. both variable and fixed manufacturing costs.
c. all fixed costs.
d. only fixed selling and administrative costs.
Managerial Accounting, 9/e
223
23.
C
Medium
Which of the following statements is true for a firm that uses
variable costing?
a. The unit product cost changes as a result of changes in the
number of units manufactured.
b. Both variable selling costs and variable production costs
are
included in the unit product cost.
c. Net income moves in the same direction as sales.
d. Net income is greatest in periods when production is
highest.
24.
B
Easy
Which of the following are considered to be product costs under
absorption costing?
I. Variable manufacturing overhead.
II. Fixed manufacturing overhead.
III. Selling and administrative expenses.
a. I, II, and III.
b. I and II.
c. I and III.
d. I.
25.
C
Easy
The term "gross margin" for a manufacturing company refers to the
excess of sales over
a. cost of goods sold, excluding fixed manufacturing overhead.
b. all variable costs, including variable selling and
administrative expenses.
c. cost of goods sold, including fixed manufacturing overhead.
d. variable costs, excluding variable selling and
administrative
expenses.
26.
A
Medium
CPA
adapted
Net income determined using full absorption costing can be reconciled
to net income determined using variable costing by computing the
difference between:
a. Fixed manufacturing overhead costs deferred in or released
from
inventories.
b. Inventoried discretionary costs in the beginning and ending
inventories.
c. Gross margin (absorption costing method) and contribution
margin (variable costing method).
d. Sales as recorded under the variable costing method and sales as
recorded under the absorption costing method.
27.
B
Medium
CMA
adapted
Net income reported under absorption costing will exceed net income
reported under variable costing for a given period if:
a. production equals sales for that period.
b. production exceeds sales for that period.
c. sales exceed production for that period.
d. the variable manufacturing overhead exceeds the fixed
manufacturing overhead.
224Managerial Accounting, 9/e
28.
D
Medium
CPA
adapted
What will be the difference in net income between variable costing and
absorption costing if the number of units in work in process and
finished goods inventories increase?
a. There will be no difference in net income.
b. Net income computed using variable costing will be higher.
c. The difference in net income cannot be determined from the
information given.
d. Net income computed using variable costing will be lower.
29.
A
Easy
The costing method that can be used most easily with breakeven
analysis and other costvolumeprofit techniques is:
a. variable costing.
b. absorption costing.
c. process costing.
d. joborder costing.
30.
C
Hard
For the most recent year, Atlantic Company's net income computed by
the absorption costing method was $7,400, and its net income computed
by the variable costing method was $10,100. The company's unit product
cost was $17 under variable costing and $22 under absorption costing.
If the ending inventory consisted of 1,460 units, the beginning
inventory must have been:
a. 920 units.
b. 1,460 units.
c. 2,000 units.
d. 12,700 units.
31.
B
Hard
During the most recent year, Evans Company had a net income of $90,000
using absorption costing and $84,000 using variable costing. The fixed
overhead application rate was $6 per unit. There were no beginning
inventories. If 22,000 units were produced last year, then sales for
last year were:
a. 15,000 units.
b. 21,000 units.
c. 23,000 units.
d. 28,000 units.
32.
D
Hard
During the year just ended, Roberts Company' income under absorption
costing was $3,000 lower than its income under variable costing. The
company sold 9,000 units during the year, and its variable costs were
$9 per unit, of which $3 was variable selling expense. If production
cost is $11 per unit under absorption costing every year, then how
many units did the company produce during the year?
a. 8,000.
b. 10,000.
c. 9,600.
d. 8,400.
Managerial Accounting, 9/e
225
33.
C
Hard
Last year, Silver Company's variable production costs totaled $7,500
and its fixed manufacturing overhead costs totaled $4,500. The company
produced 3,000 units during the year and sold 2,400 units. There were
no units in the beginning inventory. Which of the following statements
is true?
a. Under variable costing, the units in the ending inventory
will
be costed at $4 each.
b. The net income under absorption costing for the year will be
$900
lower than the net income under variable costing.
c. The ending inventory under variable costing will be $900
lower than the ending inventory under absorption costing.
d. Under absorption costing, the units in ending inventory will
be
costed at $2.50 each.
34.
D
Hard
During the last year, Hansen Company had net income under absorption
costing that was $5,500 lower than its income under variable costing.
The company sold 9,000 units during the year, and its variable costs
were $10 per unit, of which $6 was variable selling expense. If fixed
production cost is $5 per unit under absorption costing every year,
then how many units did the company produce during the year?
a. 7,625 units.
b. 8,450 units.
c. 10,100 units.
d. 7,900 units.
35.
B
Medium
CMA
adapted
Indiana Corporation produces a single product that it sells for $9 per
unit. During the first year of operations, 100,000 units were produced
and 90,000 units were sold. Manufacturing costs and selling and
administrative expenses for the year were as follows:
Fixed Costs Variable Costs
Raw materials ............ $1.75 per unit produced
Direct labor ............. 1.25 per unit produced
Factory overhead ......... $100,000 0.50 per unit produced
Selling and administrative 70,000 0.60 per unit sold
What was Indiana Corporation's net income for the year using variable
costing?
a. $181,000.
b. $271,000.
c. $281,000.
d. $371,000.
226Managerial Accounting, 9/e
36.
C
Medium
Last year, fixed manufacturing overhead was $30,000, variable
production costs were $48,000, fixed selling and administration costs
were $20,000, and variable selling administrative expenses were
$9,600. There was no beginning inventory. During the year, 3,000 units
were produced and 2,400 units were sold at a price of $40 per unit.
Under variable costing, net income would be:
a. a profit of $6,000.
b. a profit of $4,000.
c. a loss of $2,000.
d. a loss of $4,400.
37.
D
Easy
CPA
adapted
West Co.'s manufacturing costs are as follows:
Direct materials and direct labor ....... $700,000
Other variable manufacturing costs ...... 100,000
Depreciation of factory building and
manufacturing equipment ............. 80,000
Other fixed manufacturing overhead ...... 18,000
What amount should be considered product costs for external reporting
purposes?
a. $700,000.
b. $800,000.
c. $880,000.
d. $898,000.
38.
C
Hard
At the end of last year, Lee Company had 30,000 units in its ending
inventory. Lee's variable production costs are $10 per unit and its
fixed manufacturing overhead costs are $5 per unit every year. The
company's net income for the year was $12,000 higher under variable
costing than under absorption costing. Given these facts, the number
of units of product in inventory at the beginning of the year must
have been:
a. 28,800 units.
b. 27,600 units.
c. 32,400 units.
d. 42,000 units.
39.
B
Medium
During the last year, Moore Company's variable production costs
totaled $10,000 and its fixed manufacturing overhead costs totaled
$6,800. The company produced 5,000 units during the year and sold
4,600 units. There were no units in the beginning inventory. Which of
the following statements is true?
a. The net income under absorption costing for the year will be
$800
higher than net income under variable costing.
b. The net income under absorption costing for the year will be
$544
higher than net income under variable costing.
c. The net income under absorption costing for the year will be
$544
lower than net income under variable costing.
d. The net income under absorption costing for the year will be
$800
lower than net income under variable costing.
Managerial Accounting, 9/e
227
40.
B
Hard
Last year, Ben Company's income under absorption costing was $4,400
lower than its income under variable costing. The company sold 8,000
units during the year, and its variable costs were $8 per unit, of
which $3 was variable selling expense. Fixed manufacturing overhead
was $1 per unit in beginning inventory under absorption costing. How
many units did the company produce during the year?
a. 12,400 units.
b. 3,600 units.
c. 7,120 units.
d. 7,450 units.
41.
C
Hard
Last year, Stephen Company had 20,000 units in its ending inventory.
During the year, Stephen's variable production costs were $12 per
unit. The fixed manufacturing overhead cost was $8 per unit in the
beginning inventory. The company's net income for the year was $9,600
higher under variable costing than it was under absorption costing.
Given these facts, the number of units of product in the beginning
inventory last year must have been:
a. 21,200.
b. 19,200.
c. 18,800.
d. 19,520.
Reference: 71
Aaker Company, which has only one product, has provided the following data concerning
its most recent month of operations:
Selling price ............................ $99
Units in beginning inventory ............. 0
Units produced ........................... 6,300
Units sold ............................... 6,000
Units in ending inventory ................ 300
Variable costs per unit:
Direct materials ....................... $12
Direct labor ........................... 42
Variable manufacturing overhead ........ 6
Variable selling and administrative .... 6
Fixed costs:
Fixed manufacturing overhead ........... $170,100
Fixed selling and administrative ....... 24,000
228Managerial Accounting, 9/e
42.
D
Easy
Refer To:
71
What is the unit product cost for the month under variable costing?
a. $66
b. $93
c. $87
d. $60
43.
A
Easy
Refer To:
71
What is the unit product cost for the month under absorption costing?
a. $87
b. $60
c. $66
d. $93
44.
D
Medium
Refer To:
71
The total contribution margin for the month under the variable costing
approach is:
a. $72,000.
b. $27,900.
c. $234,000.
d. $198,000.
45.
C
Medium
Refer To:
71
The total gross margin for the month under the absorption costing
approach is:
a. $98,100.
b. $198,000.
c. $72,000.
d. $12,000.
46.
A
Hard
Refer To:
71
What is the total period cost for the month under the variable costing
approach?
a. $230,100
b. $194,100
c. $170,100
d. $60,000
47.
B
Hard
Refer To:
71
What is the total period cost for the month under the absorption
costing approach?
a. $170,100
b. $60,000
c. $230,100
d. $24,000
48.
B
Medium
Refer To:
71
What is the net income for the month under variable costing?
a. $8,100
b. $3,900
c. $12,000
d. ($14,100)
Managerial Accounting, 9/e
229
49.
C
Medium
Refer To:
71
What is the net income for the month under absorption costing?
a. $3,900
b. ($14,100)
c. $12,000
d. $8,100
Reference: 72
Last year, Walsh Company manufactured 25,000 units and sold 22,000 units. Production
costs were as follows:
Direct material .................. $100,000
Direct labor ..................... 75,000
Variable manufacturing overhead .. 50,000
Fixed manufacturing overhead ..... 75,000
Sales totaled $440,000, variable selling and administrative expenses were $110,000,
and fixed selling and administrative expenses were $45,000. There was no beginning
inventory. Assume that direct labor is a variable cost.
50.
B
Easy
Refer To:
72
Under absorption costing, the unit product cost would be:
a. $9.00.
b. $12.00.
c. $13.40.
d. $14.00.
51.
A
Medium
Refer To:
72
Under absorption costing, the gross margin would be:
a. $176,000.
b. $242,000.
c. $ 66,000.
d. $ 21,000.
52.
D
Medium
Refer To:
72
The contribution margin per unit would be:
a. $15.00.
b. $11.00.
c. $ 8.00.
d. $ 6.00.
53.
A
Easy
Refer To:
72
Under variable costing, the total amount of fixed manufacturing cost
in the ending inventory would be:
a. $ 0.
b. $ 9,000.
c. $14,400.
d. $27,000.
54.
C
Medium
Refer To:
72
The net income under variable costing would be:
a. $ 2,000.
b. $21,000.
c. $12,000.
d. $ 9,000.
230Managerial Accounting, 9/e
55.
D
Medium
Refer To:
72
The net income under absorption costing would be:
a. $ 9,000.
b. $12,000.
c. $ 2,000.
d. $21,000.
Reference: 73
Farron Company, which has only one product, has provided the following data
concerning its most recent month of operations:
Selling price ............................ $92
Units in beginning inventory ............. 0
Units produced ........................... 8,700
Units sold ............................... 8,300
Units in ending inventory ................ 400
Variable costs per unit:
Direct materials ....................... $13
Direct labor ........................... 55
Variable manufacturing overhead ........ 1
Variable selling and administrative .... 5
Fixed costs:
Fixed manufacturing overhead ........... $130,500
Fixed selling and administrative ....... 8,300
56.
A
Easy
Refer To:
73
What is the unit product cost for the month under variable costing?
a. $69
b. $84
c. $89
d. $74
57.
D
Easy
Refer To:
73
What is the unit product cost for the month under absorption costing?
a. $74
b. $89
c. $69
d. $84
58.
A
Medium
Refer To:
73
What is the net income for the month under variable costing?
a. $10,600
b. ($17,000)
c. $16,600
d. $6,000
Managerial Accounting, 9/e
231
59.
B
Medium
Refer To:
73
What is the net income for the month under absorption costing?
a. ($17,000)
b. $16,600
c. $6,000
d. $10,600
Reference: 74
Jarvix Company, which has only one product, has provided the following data
concerning its most recent month of operations:
Selling price ............................ $111
Units in beginning inventory ............. 400
Units produced ........................... 8,800
Units sold ............................... 8,900
Units in ending inventory ................ 300
Variable costs per unit:
Direct materials ....................... $34
Direct labor ........................... 37
Variable manufacturing overhead ........ 3
Variable selling and administrative .... 9
Fixed costs:
Fixed manufacturing overhead ........... $ 61,600
Fixed selling and administrative ....... 169,100
The company produces the same number of units every month, although the sales in
units vary from month to month. The company's variable costs per unit and total fixed
costs have been constant from month to month.
60.
B
Medium
Refer To:
74
What is the unit product cost for the month under variable costing?
a. $83
b. $74
c. $90
d. $81
61.
C
Medium
Refer To:
74
What is the unit product cost for the month under absorption costing?
a. $90
b. $74
c. $81
d. $83
62.
D
Medium
Refer To:
74
What is the net income for the month under variable costing?
a. $25,900
b. $2,100
c. $17,800
d. $18,500
232Managerial Accounting, 9/e
63.
D
Medium
Refer To:
74
What is the net income for the month under absorption costing?
a. $2,100
b. $25,900
c. $18,500
d. $17,800
Reference: 75
Hatfield Company, which has only one product, has provided the following data
concerning its most recent month of operations:
Selling price ............................ $123
Units in beginning inventory ............. 0
Units produced ........................... 6,400
Units sold ............................... 6,100
Units in ending inventory ................ 300
Variable costs per unit:
Direct materials ....................... $45
Direct labor ........................... 30
Variable manufacturing overhead ........ 1
Variable selling and administrative .... 8
Fixed costs:
Fixed manufacturing overhead ........... $140,800
Fixed selling and administrative ....... 91,500
64.
C
Easy
Refer To:
75
What is the unit product cost for the month under variable costing?
a. $98
b. $84
c. $76
d. $106
65.
A
Medium
Refer To:
75
The total contribution margin for the month under the variable costing
approach is:
a. $237,900.
b. $97,100.
c. $152,500.
d. $286,700.
66.
D
Hard
Refer To:
75
What is the total period cost for the month under the variable costing
approach?
a. $140,300
b. $140,800
c. $232,300
d. $281,100
Managerial Accounting, 9/e
233
67.
B
Medium
Refer To:
75
What is the net income for the month under variable costing?
a. $6,600
b. $5,600
c. ($17,200)
d. $12,200
Reference: 76
Iancu Company, which has only one product, has provided the following data concerning
its most recent month of operations:
Selling price ............................ $149
Units in beginning inventory ............. 0
Units produced ........................... 4,200
Units sold ............................... 3,900
Units in ending inventory ................ 300
Variable costs per unit:
Direct materials ....................... $27
Direct labor ........................... 46
Variable manufacturing overhead ........ 5
Variable selling and administrative .... 9
Fixed costs:
Fixed manufacturing overhead ........... $155,400
Fixed selling and administrative ....... 70,200
68.
C
Easy
Refer To:
76
What is the unit product cost for the month under variable costing?
a. $124
b. $115
c. $78
d. $87
69.
B
Medium
Refer To:
76
What is the net income for the month under variable costing?
a. $27,300
b. $16,200
c. ($7,200)
d. $11,100
234Managerial Accounting, 9/e
Reference: 77
The Pacific Company manufactures a single product. The following data relate to the
year just completed:
Variable cost per unit:
Production .................... $43
Selling and administrative .... $15
Fixed costs in total:
Production .................... $145,000
Selling and administrative .... $ 95,000
During the last year, 5,000 units were produced and 4,800 units were sold. There were
no beginning inventories.
70.
D
Easy
Refer To:
77
Under variable costing, the unit product cost would be:
a. $91.00.
b. $72.00.
c. $58.00.
d. $43.00.
71.
C
Medium
Refer To:
77
The carrying value of finished goods inventory at the end of the year
under variable costing would be:
a. $8,800 greater than under absorption costing.
b. $8,800 less than under absorption costing.
c. $5,800 less than under absorption costing.
d. The same as absorption costing.
72.
B
Medium
Refer To:
77
Under absorption costing, the cost of goods sold for the year would
be:
a. $206,400.
b. $345,600.
c. $278,400.
d. $360,000.
Managerial Accounting, 9/e
235
Reference: 78
Crystal Company's variable costing income statement for the month of May appears
below:
Crystal Company
Income Statement
For the month ended May 31
Sales ($10 per unit) .............. $900,000
Less variable costs:
Variable cost of goods sold:
Beginning inventory ......... $125,000
Add variable cost of goods
manufactured .............. 400,000
Goods available for Sale .... 525,000
Less ending inventory ....... 75,000
Variable cost of goods sold . 450,000
Variable selling expense ..... 90,000
Total variable costs ..... 540,000
Contribution margin ............... 360,000
Fixed costs:
Fixed manufacturing overhead ... 240,000
Fixed selling and admin. ....... 90,000
Total fixed costs ........ 330,000
Net income ........................ $ 30,000
The company produces 80,000 units each month. Variable production costs per unit and
total fixed costs have remained constant over the past several months.
73.
A
Hard
Refer To:
78
The dollar value of the company's inventory on May 31 under the
absorption costing method would be:
a. $120,000.
b. $ 90,000.
c. $ 75,000.
d. $ 60,000.
74.
B
Hard
Refer To:
78
Under absorption costing, for the month ended May 31, the company
would report a:
a. $30,000 loss.
b. $0 profit.
c. $30,000 profit.
d. $60,000 profit.
236Managerial Accounting, 9/e
Reference: 79
The following data were provided by Green Enterprises for the most recent period:
Units in beginning inventory ........ 0
Units produced ...................... 8,000
Units sold .......................... 6,000
Variable costs per unit:
Manufacturing ..................... $15
Selling and administrative ........ 5
Fixed costs, in total:
Manufacturing ..................... $24,000
Selling and administrative ........ 16,000
75.
C
Easy
Refer To:
79
Under variable costing, the unit product cost is:
a. $20.
b. $18.
c. $15.
d. $22.
76.
B
Easy
Refer To:
79
Under absorption costing, the unit product cost is:
a. $20.
b. $18.
c. $15.
d. $25.
77.
A
Easy
Refer To:
79
For the period above, one would expect the net income under absorption
costing to be:
a. higher than the net income under variable costing.
b. lower than the net income under variable costing.
c. the same as the net income under variable costing.
d. The relation between absorption costing net income and variable
costing net income cannot be determined.
Reference: 710
The following data pertain to one month's operations of Whitney, Inc.:
Units in beginning inventory ....... 0
Units produced ..................... 9,000
Units sold ......................... 8,000
Variable costs per unit:
Manufacturing .................... $10
Selling and administrative ....... 6
Fixed costs in total:
Manufacturing .................... $18,000
Selling and administrative ....... 27,000
Managerial Accounting, 9/e
237
78.
B
Easy
Refer To:
710
The carrying value on the balance sheet of the ending finished goods
inventory under variable costing would be:
a. $16,000.
b. $10,000.
c. $19,000.
d. $12,000.
79.
C
Easy
Refer To:
710
The carrying value on the balance sheet of the ending finished goods
inventory under absorption costing would be:
a. $16,000.
b. $10,000.
c. $12,000.
d. $21,000.
80.
B
Medium
Refer To:
710
For the month referred to above, net income under variable costing
will be:
a. higher than net income under absorption costing.
b. lower than net income under absorption costing.
c. the same as net income under absorption costing.
d. The relation between variable costing and absorption costing
net
income cannot be determined.
Reference: 711
Bateman Company, which has only one product, has provided the following data
concerning its most recent month of operations:
Selling price ............................ $117
Units in beginning inventory ............. 0
Units produced ........................... 4,700
Units sold ............................... 4,400
Units in ending inventory ................ 300
Variable costs per unit:
Direct materials ....................... $36
Direct labor ........................... 38
Variable manufacturing overhead ........ 4
Variable selling and administrative .... 11
Fixed costs:
Fixed manufacturing overhead ........... $89,300
Fixed selling and administrative ....... 26,400
81.
D
Easy
Refer To:
711
What is the unit product cost for the month under variable costing?
a. $89
b. $97
c. $108
d. $78
82.
A
Easy
Refer To:
711
What is the unit product cost for the month under absorption costing?
a. $97
b. $108
c. $78
d. $89
Reference: 712
238Managerial Accounting, 9/e
During the last year, Snyder Co. produced 10,000 units of Product S. Costs incurred
by Snyder during the year were as follows:
Direct materials ................... $11,000
Direct labor ....................... 21,000
Variable manufacturing overhead .... 6,100
Variable selling and general ....... 3,100
Fixed manufacturing overhead ....... 9,000
Fixed selling and general .......... 4,100
Total .............................. $54,300
83.
C
Medium
Refer To:
712
The unit product cost under absorption costing would have been:
a. $5.43.
b. $3.81.
c. $4.71.
d. $4.12.
84.
B
Medium
Refer To:
712
The unit product cost under variable costing would have been:
a. $3.20.
b. $3.81.
c. $4.12.
d. $3.51.
Reference: 713
During the past year, Carr Company manufactured 25,000 units and sold 20,000 units.
Production costs for the year were as follows:
Fixed manufacturing overhead ...... $250,000
Variable manufacturing overhead ... $210,000
Direct labor ...................... $120,000
Direct materials .................. $180,000
Sales totaled $850,000, variable selling expenses totaled $110,000, and fixed selling
and administrative expenses totaled $170,000. There were no units in beginning
inventory. Assume that direct labor is a variable cost.
85.
D
Medium
Refer To:
713
The contribution margin per unit would be:
a. $12.10.
b. $22.10.
c. $17.70.
d. $16.60.
86.
D
Medium
Refer To:
713
Under absorption costing, the ending inventory for the year would be
valued at:
a. $179,500.
b. $213,500.
c. $222,000.
d. $152,000.
87.
C
Medium
Refer To:
713
The net income for the year under variable costing would be:
a. $28,000 lower than under absorption costing.
b. $28,000 higher than under absorption costing.
c. $50,000 lower than under absorption costing.
d. $50,000 higher than under absorption costing.
Reference: 714
Managerial Accounting, 9/e
239
Last year, Harris Company manufactured 17,000 units and sold 13,000 units. Production
costs for the year were as follows:
Direct materials...................... $153,000
Direct labor.......................... 110,500
Variable manufacturing overhead....... 204,000
Fixed manufacturing overhead.......... 255,000
Sales were $780,000 for the year, variable selling and administrative expenses were
$88,400, and fixed selling and administrative expenses were $170,000. There was no
beginning inventory. Assume that direct labor is a variable cost.
88.
D
Medium
Refer To:
714
The contribution margin per unit was:
a. $17.50.
b. $32.50.
c. $27.30.
d. $25.70.
89.
B
Medium
Refer To:
714
Under absorption costing, the carrying value on the balance sheet of
the ending inventory for the year would be:
a. $190,800.
b. $170,000.
c. $230,800.
d. $ 0.
90.
d
Hard
Refer To:
714
Under variable costing, the company's net income for the year would
be:
a. $60,000 higher than under absorption costing.
b. $108,000 higher than under absorption costing.
c. $108,000 lower than under absorption costing.
d. $60,000 lower than under absorption costing.
240Managerial Accounting, 9/e
Reference: 715
Fahey Company manufactures a single product which it sells for $25 per unit. The
company has the following cost structure:
Variable costs per unit:
Manufacturing .................... $9
Selling and Administrative ....... 3
Fixed costs in total:
Manufacturing .................... $72,000
Selling and Administrative ....... 54,000
There were no units in beginning inventory. During the year, 18,000 units were
produced and 15,000 units were sold.
91.
C
Easy
Refer To:
715
Under absorption costing, the unit product cost would be:
a. $ 9.
b. $12.
c. $13.
d. $16.
92.
D
Medium
Refer To:
715
The company's net income for the year under variable costing would be:
a. $60,000.
b. $81,000.
c. $57,000.
d. $69,000.
Reference: 716
Erie Company manufactures a single product. Assume the following data for the year
just completed:
Fixed costs in total:
Selling and Administrative ... $60,000
Production ................... $82,500
Variable costs per unit:
Selling and Administrative ... $5
Production ................... $8
There were no units in inventory at the beginning of the year. During the year 30,000
units were produced and 25,000 units were sold. Each unit sells for $35.
93.
D
Easy
Refer To:
716
Under absorption costing, the unit product cost would be:
a. $8.
b. $17.75.
c. $13.
d. $10.75.
Managerial Accounting, 9/e
241
94.
A
Medium
Refer To:
716
The company's net income under variable costing would be:
a. $407,500.
b. $421,250.
c. $431,250.
d. $417,500.
Reference: 717
Chown Company, which has only one product, has provided the following data concerning
its most recent month of operations:
Selling price ............................ $110
Units in beginning inventory ............. 0
Units produced ........................... 8,000
Units sold ............................... 7,800
Units in ending inventory ................ 200
Variable costs per unit:
Direct materials ....................... $22
Direct labor ........................... 31
Variable manufacturing overhead ........ 3
Variable selling and administrative .... 4
Fixed costs:
Fixed manufacturing overhead ........... $248,000
Fixed selling and administrative ....... 140,400
95.
B
Medium
Refer To:
717
The total contribution margin for the month under the variable costing
approach is:
a. $179,400.
b. $390,000.
c. $421,200.
d. $142,000.
96.
B
Medium
Refer To:
717
The total gross margin for the month under the absorption costing
approach is:
a. $196,800.
b. $179,400.
c. $390,000.
d. $7,800.
242Managerial Accounting, 9/e
Reference: 718
Delvin Company, which has only one product, has provided the following data
concerning its most recent month of operations:
Selling price ............................ $120
Units in beginning inventory ............. 0
Units produced ........................... 1,800
Units sold ............................... 1,500
Units in ending inventory ................ 300
Variable costs per unit:
Direct materials ....................... $40
Direct labor ........................... 42
Variable manufacturing overhead ........ 2
Variable selling and administrative .... 9
Fixed costs:
Fixed manufacturing overhead ........... $7,200
Fixed selling and administrative ....... 28,500
97.
B
Hard
Refer To:
718
What is the total period cost for the month under the variable costing
approach?
a. $42,000
b. $49,200
c. $35,700
d. $7,200
98.
A
Hard
Refer To:
718
What is the total period cost for the month under the absorption
costing approach?
a. $42,000
b. $7,200
c. $49,200
d. $28,500
Managerial Accounting, 9/e
243
Reference: 719
Gabbert Company, which has only one product, has provided the following data
concerning its most recent month of operations:
Selling price ............................ $90
Units in beginning inventory ............. 0
Units produced ........................... 3,600
Units sold ............................... 3,400
Units in ending inventory ................ 200
Variable costs per unit:
Direct materials ....................... $23
Direct labor ........................... 11
Variable manufacturing overhead ........ 2
Variable selling and administrative .... 8
Fixed costs:
Fixed manufacturing overhead ........... $93,600
Fixed selling and administrative ....... 61,200
99.
D
Medium
Refer To:
719
The total contribution margin for the month under the variable costing
approach is:
a. $62,800.
b. $95,200.
c. $183,600.
d. $156,400.
100.
A
Medium
Refer To:
719
The total gross margin for the month under the absorption costing
approach is:
a. $95,200.
b. $156,400.
c. $6,800.
d. $107,600.
101.
D
Hard
Refer To:
719
What is the total period cost for the month under the variable costing
approach?
a. $93,600
b. $154,800
c. $88,400
d. $182,000
102.
A
Hard
Refer To:
719
What is the total period cost for the month under the absorption
costing approach?
a. $88,400
b. $182,000
c. $61,200
d. $93,600
244Managerial Accounting, 9/e
Reference: 720
Gordon Company produces a single product that sells for $10 per unit. Last year there
were no beginning inventories, 100,000 units were produced, and 80,000 units were
sold. The company has the following cost structure:
Fixed costs Variable costs
Raw materials................ $2.00 per unit produced
Direct labor................. 1.25 per unit produced
Factory overhead............. $120,000 0.75 per unit produced
Selling and administrative... 70,000 1.00 per unit sold
103.
B
Medium
Refer To:
720
Net income under variable costing would be:
a. $114,000.
b. $210,000.
c. $234,000.
d. $330,000.
104.
B
Medium
Refer To:
720
The carrying value on the balance sheet of the ending finished goods
inventory under absorption costing would be:
a. $ 80,000.
b. $104,000.
c. $110,000.
d. $124,000.
Reference: 721
Elliot Company, which has only one product, has provided the following data
concerning its most recent month of operations:
Selling price ............................ $112
Units in beginning inventory ............. 0
Units produced ........................... 4,900
Units sold ............................... 4,500
Units in ending inventory ................ 400
Variable costs per unit:
Direct materials ....................... $19
Direct labor ........................... 45
Variable manufacturing overhead ........ 6
Variable selling and administrative .... 9
Fixed costs:
Fixed manufacturing overhead ........... $117,600
Fixed selling and administrative ....... 22,500
105.
D
Medium
Refer To:
721
What is the net income for the month under variable costing?
a. $18,000
b. ($19,600)
c. $9,600
d. $8,400
106.
D
Medium
Refer To:
721
What is the net income for the month under absorption costing?
a. ($19,600)
b. $9,600
c. $8,400
d. $18,000
Managerial Accounting, 9/e
245