Unit 16-Language focus

Welcome to our class
Welcome to our class

What are you doing when I rang
What are you doing when I rang
you last night?
you last night?
I
I
was having
was having
a bath
a bath
when
when
you
you
rang
rang


me last night.
me last night.

Conjunctions:
Conjunctions:
-

When
When
- Once
- Once
-
While
While
- As
- As
-
After
After
- etc.
- etc.
-
Before
Before
-
Since
Since
-
Whenever
Whenever
-
As soon as
As soon as
-
Till / Until
Till / Until
-

By the time
By the time

Adverbial clauses
Adverbial clauses
of time
of time

AFTER
AFTER

Future tense is not used in this adverb
Future tense is not used in this adverb
clause.
clause.
Ex 1:
Ex 1:
After she graduates,
After she graduates,
she will get a
she will get a
job.
job.
Ex 2:
Ex 2:
I will leave
I will leave


before he comes

before he comes
.
.



WHEN
WHEN

When I arrived, he was talking on the
When I arrived, he was talking on the
phone.
phone.

When I see him tomorrow, I will ask
When I see him tomorrow, I will ask
him.
him.

WHILE, AS
WHILE, AS
During that time.
During that time.
* Adverb clause is in
* Adverb clause is in
past progressive
past progressive
.
.
While I

While I
was walking
was walking
home
home
, it began to
, it began to
rain.
rain.
As I
As I
was walking
was walking
home
home
, it began to rain.
, it began to rain.

By the time
By the time

By the time he arrived, we had
By the time he arrived, we had
already left.
already left.

By the time he comes, we will have
By the time he comes, we will have
already left.
already left.

Since
Since

From that time to the present
From that time to the present
•
The present perfect is used in
The present perfect is used in
the
the
main clause.
main clause.
•
I haven’t seen him
I haven’t seen him
since he left
since he left
this morning.
this morning.
•
I’ve known her
I’ve known her
ever since I was
ever since I was
a child.
a child.

Until
Until


We stayed there until we finished
We stayed there until we finished
our lesson.
our lesson.

We stayed there till we finished our
We stayed there till we finished our
lesson.
lesson.

As soon as
As soon as
Once
Once

As soon as it starts raining, we will
As soon as it starts raining, we will
leave.
leave.

Once I have a chance, I will throw
Once I have a chance, I will throw
you an ice ball.
you an ice ball.

As long as
As long as
From the Beginning to the end.
From the Beginning to the end.


I will never speak to him as long
I will never speak to him as long
as I live.
as I live.

I will never speak to him so long
I will never speak to him so long
as I live.
as I live.

Whenever
Whenever
Every time
Every time

Whenever I see her, I say hello.
Whenever I see her, I say hello.

Every time I see her, I say hello.
Every time I see her, I say hello.

The first time, the second
The first time, the second
time…
time…

The first time that I
The first time that I
went to New York, I

went to New York, I
went to an opera.
went to an opera.

I saw two plays the
I saw two plays the
last time (that) I
last time (that) I
went to New York.
went to New York.

The next time (that)
The next time (that)
I go to New York,
I go to New York,
I’m going to see a
I’m going to see a
ballet.
ballet.

Adverbial clauses and tenses
Future tenses in adverbial clauses:
Main clause conjunction Adverbial clause
of time
S + V (simple
future / be going to +
inf.)
when
as soon as
after

before
until
S + V (simple
present / present
perfect)
Ex 1: I’ll wait here until they come back.
Ex 2: I will do it when I think fit.

Past tenses in adverbial clause of time:
Main clause Conjunction Adverbial clause
of time
S + V (simple
past)
when
until
before
after
as soon as
S + V (simple past)
Ex 1: She said goodbye before she left.
Ex 2: We stayed here until we finished work.
Ex 3: My mother went home as soon as she finished work at
the office.

Main clause Conjunction Adverbial clause
of time
S + V (simple past) While
As
S + V (past
continuous)

S + V (past
continuous)
while S + V (past
continuous)
S + V (past
continuous)
when S + V (simple past)
Ex 1: The telephone rang while we were having dinner.
Ex 2: As I was walking home, it began to rain.
Ex 3: While I was cooking dinner, my husband was
reading a book.
Ex 4: He was talking on the phone when I arrived.


Ex:
Ex:


We
We
haven’t met
haven’t met
each other
each other
since
since


we
we

left
left
school.
school.
Main clause Conjunction Adverbial
clause of time
S + V (present
perfect)
since S + V (simple
past)

Ex1: She got the job after she had graduated from
university.
Ex2: She had left before he came.
Ex 3: By the time he arrived, we had already
finished work.
Main clause Conjunction Adverbial clause
of time
S + V (simple past) After
As soon as
S + V (past perfect)
S + V (past perfect) Before
By the time
S + V (simple past)