đề cương hóa 9 học kỳ 1 18 19

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THCS

BÀI TẬP HÓA HỌC LỚP 9 – HỌC KỲ I
A – TỔNG HỢP LÝ THUYẾT
I – MỐI QUAN HỆ GIỮA CÁC LOẠI HỢP CHẤT VÔ CƠ:
OXIT BAZƠ

OXIT AXIT
+ Axit
+ Oxit axit

Nhiệt
phân
hủy

+ H2O

+ Bazơ
+ Oxit bazơ

MUỐI
+ Bazơ

+ Axit
+ Oxit axit
+ Muối

BAZƠ

+ H2O

+ Axit
+ Kim loại
+ Bazơ
+ Oxit bazơ
+ Muối

AXIT

II. CÁC LOẠI HỢP CHẤT VÔ CƠ
OXIT AXIT
(OA)
(C, P, S, N) +
Oxi

VD: CO2, N2O5
…

OXIT BAZO
(OB)
Kim loại + Oxi
Fe2O3, Na2O,
CaO…

AXIT
Có H đứng đầu +
gốc axit

HCl, H2SO4,
HNO3 , H3PO4
…

BAZO

MUỐI

Kim loại + nhóm (OH)

Kim loại + gốc axit
(Không có H đứng
đầu, ko có nhóm OH)
VD: NaCl, K2CO3
...

VD: NaOH,
Cu(OH)2, Fe(OH)3
…

III.HÓA TRỊ
HÓA TRỊ
NGUYÊN TỐ KIM LOẠI
I
Na, K, Ag
II
Mg, Pb, Ca, Ba, Fe, Cu, Hg, Zn
III
Al, Fe
IV. BẢNG TÍNH TAN 1 SỐ CHẤT
Nhóm OH
(gốc axit)
-OH

=SO4
-Cl
=SO3
=CO3
-NO3

NHÓM NGUYÊN TỬ
Cl, NO3, OH
SO4, CO3, SO3,
PO4

TAN

KHÔNG TAN

KOH, NaOH, Ba(OH)2 , Ca(OH)2
CÒN LẠI
CÒN LẠI
Na2SO3 , K2SO3
Na2CO3 , K2CO3
TẤT CẢ

CÒN LẠI
BaSO4, PbSO4
AgCl
CÒN LẠI

V.THỨ TỰ BÀI TOÁN NHẬN BIẾT
ST
CHẤT

THUỐC
HIỆN TƯỢNG
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PHƯƠNG TRÌNH

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T
1
2

3
4
5

(gốc axit)
=CO3
(=SO3)
Axit
Bazo
Muối

THỬ
HCl

= SO4
-Cl
-NO3

BaCl2
AgNO3
Còn lại

QUỲ
TÍM

Khí không màu
A: Quỳ tím hóa đỏ
B: quỳ tím hóa xanh
M: Quỳ tím không đổi
màu
Kết tủa trắng
Kết tủa trắng

VD: Na2CO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
Na2SO3 + 2 HCl → 2NaCl + H2O + CO2

VD: Na2SO4 + BaCl2 → 2 NaCl + BaSO4
VD: NaCl + AgNO3 → AgCl + NaNO3

V. CÁC CÔNG THỨC HÓA HỌC
1. Công thức tính số mol khi biết khối lượng (m)
n:số mol
m: khối lượng gam
M: phân tử khối

2. Công thức tính số mol khi biết thể tích (V)
n:số mol

V: thể tích (l)

3. Công thức nồng độ mol (CM) đơn vị : M hoặc mol/lit
n:số mol
CM : nồng độ mol (M)
V: thể tích (l)

CM =

n
(mol/lit)
V
V dd sau phản ứng = tổng V dd trước
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4. Công thức tính nồng độ phần trăm (C%)

C%=

mct
.100%
mdd

mct = n. M

mdd sau phản ứng = tổng mdd trước phản ứng – m kết tủa ( m bay hơi)

 Nếu bài toán cho D: khối lượng riêng
mdd = D.V
B – BÀI TẬP
Bài 1: Hoàn thành PTPU
1. P2O5 + H2O
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

…………

N2O5 + …….
CaO + SO3
K2O + H2O
BaO + H2O
Fe2O3 + H2
t0

HNO3
……….
………..
…………
………….+……..

7. SO3 + NaOH

……… + ……..

8. Fe + HCl
9. Al + H2SO4 loãng

………..+…………..
………+ …………

10. C12H22O11

H2SO4 đặc
to

11. Cu + H2SO4 đặc
12. Fe(OH)3
13. Al(OH)3

t0
to

14.

Na2CO3 +

H2SO4

15.

………. +

CuCl2

16.

BaCl2 +

17. Na2CO3 +
18. Cu(OH)2

……..+…………
………..+ ……………+…………….

…………+……….
............. +.............
............ + .............. + .............
Cu(OH)2 +..............
............. + NaCl

HCl

............ + .............. + .............
............. +.............
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19. AgNO3 + …….

KNO3 +..............

20. NaOH +

CuSO4

21. Al(NO3)3

+

22.

………

………

Al(OH)3
+

……….




CuSO4

+ ………..

………

25. Al

+

+

…………

H2SO4
……….
+




Al2(SO4)3
à ………….. +

…………

28. ……. + AgNO3

à

……….

FeCl3
+

………

Mg(OH)2
FeCl3 +

………..

Cu(NO3)2 + Ag

29. Zn + CuSO4
30. NaCl + H2O

+

H2S

24.

27. Fe2 (SO4)3

……




+

+




Na2S

+

23. H2SO4

26. MgCl2

............. +.................

………..+ …………..
điên phân có màng ngăn ……+……..+………..

Bài 2 : Hoàn thành chuỗi phản ứng sau
(1)
( 2)
( 3)
( 4)
(5)
1. S   SO2   SO3   H2SO4   Na2SO4   BaSO4

Na2SO3
1:
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2:
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3.
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4.
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5
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6.

( 2)
( 3)
( 4)
3. Fe   FeCl2   Fe(NO3)2   Fe(OH)2   FeSO4

Fe(NO3)2.

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(1)

( 2)

( 3)

( 4)

(5)

( 6)

4. Cu   CuO   CuCl2   Cu(OH)2   CuO   Cu   CuSO4.

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(1)

( 2)

( 3)

( 4)

(5)

5. Al2O3   Al   AlCl3   NaCl   NaOH   Cu(OH)2.
1
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2

Fe(OH)3

1……………………………………………………………………………………
2……………………………………………………………………………………
3……………………………………………………………………………………
4……………………………………………………………………………………
5……………………………………………………………………………………
(1)
( 2)
(3)
( 4)
8. Al(OH)3   Al2O3   Al2(SO4)3   AlCl3   

Al(NO3)3

Al(OH)3

1……………………………………………………………………………………
2……………………………………………………………………………………
3……………………………………………………………………………………
4……………………………………………………………………………………
5……………………………………………………………………………………
Bài 3:
1. Cho các chất sau: Fe, Cu, HNO 3. Ag chất nào tác dụng được với dung dịch: CuSO 4, NaOH,
AgNO3. Viết phương trình hóa học xảy ra?
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2. Cho các chất sau: Fe2O3, Mg, H2SO4 loãng, Cu chất nào tác dụng được với dung dịch sau: NaOH,
BaCl2, AgNO3. Viết phương trình hóa học xảy ra?
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Bài 4: Bằng phương pháp hóa học nhận biết các dung dịch không màu mất nhãn sau:
1. HNO3, H2SO4, NaOH, NaCl.
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2. NaNO3, Na2SO4, HCl. NaOH
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3. Na2CO3, NaCl, Na2SO4, NaNO3
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4. Ba(OH)2, KOH, HCl, NaNO3

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5. NaCl, NaNO3, HNO3, NaOH
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Bài 5: Hãy nêu hiện tượng, giải thích và viết phương trình phản ứng hóa học xảy ra trong các thí
nghiệm sau:
1. Cho mẫu kẽm vào ống nghiệm chứa dd HCl.
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2. Cho từ từ dd BaCl2 vào ống nghiệm chứa dd H2SO4.
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3. Cho từ từ dd HCl vào ống nghiệm chưá dd NaOH có chứa 1 – 2 giọt phenolphtalein.
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4. Cho đinh sắt vào ống nghiệm chứa dd CuSO4.
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5. Cho dd NaOH từ từ vào ống nghiệm chứa dd CuSO4.
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6. Cho từ từ dd AgNO3 vào ống nghiệm chứa dd NaCl.
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7. Cho Na(r) vào cốc nước có pha phenolphtalein.
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8. Cho lá đồng vào ống nghiệm chứa H2SO4 đặc. Sau đó đun nóng ống nghiệm.
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9. Cho 1 -2 ml H2SO4 vào ống nghiệm chứa Cu(OH)2.
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10. Cho Cu vào ống nghiệm chứa dung dịch AgNO3.
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THCS

mct = n. M

mdd sau phản ứng = tổng mdd trước phản ứng – m kết tủa ( m bay hơi)
Ví dụ : Trung hòa 98 g dung dịch H2SO4 10% với dung dịch NaOH 20%.
a. Viết phương trình phản ứng hóa học xảy ra?
b. Tính khối lượng dung dịch NaOH?
c. Tính nồng độ phần trăm sau phản ứng?
Bài làm:
H2SO4

+

2 NaOH

Na2SO4 + 2 H2O

0,1
0,2
0,1
(mol)
=> n H2SO4 = (98. 10 %) / (100%. 98) = 0,1 mol m ct NaOH = 0,2 * 40 = 8
(g)
mdd NaOH = (mct. 100%)/ C% = (8.100%)/ 20% = 40 (g)
mct sau phản ứng = mct Na2SO4 = 0,1 *142 = 14,2 (g)
mdd sau phản ứng = mdd H2SO4 + mdd NaOH = 98 + 40 = 138 (g)
C% sau phản ứng = (mct .100%) / (mdd sau phản ứng)

= 14,2 .100% / 138 = 10,29%
1. Cho 5,6 gam sắt tác dụng với dung dịch H2SO4 20%.
a. Hãy viết phương trình phản ứng xảy ra.
b. Tính khối lượng dung dịch H2SO4 tham gia phản ứng
c. Tính nồng độ phần trăm dung dịch thu được sau phản ứng.\
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2. Cho 100 gam dung dịch H2SO4 19,6% vào dung dịch BaCl2 20,8%
a. Hãy viết phương trình phản ứng xảy ra
b. Tính khối lượng dung dịch BaCl2 tham gian phản ứng.
c. Tính nồng độ phần trăm của dung dịch sau phản ứng sau khi tách bỏ kết tủa.
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3. : Cho 510 gam dung dịch AgNO3 10% vào dung dịch HCl 12%.
a. Hãy viết phương trình hóa học xảy ra

b. Tính khối lượng dung dịch HCl.
c. Tính nồng độ phần trăm dung dịch axit tạo thành sau khi tách bỏ kết tủa.
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4. : Cho 265 gam dung dịch Na2CO3 10% tác dụng với dung dịch HCl 20%
a. Hãy viết phương trình hóa học xảy ra.
b. Tính khối lượng dung dịch HCl.
c. Tính nồn độ phần trăm của dung dịch muối tạo thành sau phản ứng?
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5. Cho 265 gam dung dịch Na2CO3 20% tác dụng với 200g dd H2SO4 .
a. Viết phương trình phản ứng
b. Tính thể tích khí CO2 sinh ra ( ở đktc)
c. Tính C% dd sau phản ứng
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Ví dụ: Trung hòa 100ml dung dịch NaOH 1M với 200 ml dung dịch HCl.
a. Viết Phương trình phản ứng?
b. Tính nồng độ mol của dung dịch HCl.
c. Tính nồng độ mol sau phản ứng?
Bài làm :
đổi
100ml = 0,1 lit
; 200ml = 0,2 lit
NaOH +
HCl
NaCl + H 2O
0,1
0,1
0,1
(mol)
nNaOH = CM . = 1.0,1 = 0.1 mol
CM HCl = n/V = 0,1 / 0,2 = 0,5 (M)
V dd sau phản ứng = tổng V dung dịch trước = VHCl + V NaOH = 0,2 + 0,1 = 0,3 lit
CM NaCl = n/V = 0,1/0.3 = 0,33 (M)

6. Cho 200 ml dung dịch HCl nồng độ 1M tác dụng vừa đủ với 250 ml dung dịch Na2CO3.
a. Viết phương trình hóa học xảy ra.
b. Tính nồng độ mol dung dịch Na2CO3 tham gia phản ứng.
c. Tính nồng độ mol dung dịch sau phản ứng.
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7. Trộn 100ml dung dịch CuCl2 0,5 M với 200ml dung dịch NaOH.
a. Viết phương trình hóa học xảy ra.
b. Tính nồng độ mol dung dịch NaOH.
c.

Tính nồng độ mol dung dịch thu được sau phản ứng (đã loại bỏ kết tủa).

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8. Cho 200ml dung dịch FeCl3 0,5M phản ứng vừa đủ với dung dịch NaOH 1M.
a. Viết phương trình hóa học xảy ra.
b. Tính khối lượng kết tủa thu được.
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c. Tính thể tích dung dịch NaOH đã tham gia phản ứng.

d. Tính nồng độ mol dung dịch thu được sau phản ứng (đã lọc bỏ kết tủa).

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Page 17

THCS
9. Để trung hòa 250 ml dung dịch H2SO4 cần dùng 89,6 gam dung dịch KOH 25%.
a. Viết phương trình hóa học xảy ra.
b. Tính nồng độ mol dung dịch H2SO4 đã dùng.
c. Để trung hòa hết lượng axit trên cần dùng V (l) dung dịch NaOH 20 % (D = 1,225g/ml).
Tính V=?
Gợi ý : mdd = D.V
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đề cương hóa 9 học kỳ 1 18 19

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