falla tim davies paul a solutions upper intermediate workboo

Upper-Intermediate Workbook

Tim Falla, Paul A Davies

OXFORD


О
^

Against the odds

P3

Talking
about people

2

For what it ’s wor

pn

Value and
price

Exam

^

i

From cradle to gra

p l9

p37

Exam

^

3

p55

4

p73

p75

Talking about
photos

Magazine
article

Determiners

Buying abroad

Down and out

Verb
patterns

Discussing
pros and cons

Essay:
for and against

Young and old

Teenagers in
Britain

Future
continuous and
future perfect

Presenting
arguments

Description of
a person

Animals

Talking

about ability

Fox hunting

Half human,
half beast

Nominal
clauses

Topic
presentation

Descriptive
essay

»Reading • Use of English
• Listening • Writing
• Speaking
Headlines

Reported speech:
statements and
questions

Newspapers

Photo­
journalism

Reporting verbs

Talking about
statistics

Review

Opinion and
belief

Question forms

Religion

TV scandals

Question
tags

Expressing
opinions

Essay:
opinion

»Reading • Use of English
• Listening • Writing
• Speaking
Global wanning

Advice,
obligation and
prohibition

Our vanishing
planet

Waste not,
want not

Speculating:
present, past
and future

Role-play

Essay:for
and against

The Internet

Modals in the
past

Social
networking
sites

Another
world

Mixed
conditionals

Discussion

Biography

Caught in the
Exam

Past perfect
simple and
continuous

Talking about
the future

p39

p47

Survival at sea

Stages of life

P21

2

Worst Britons

»Reading • Use of English
• Listening • W riting • Speaking

p29

EXAM

Past and
perfect tenses

»Reading » Use of English
• Listening » Writing
• Speaking
Working
life

Habitual
behaviour
(present and past)

In search of
a better life

Making a
name for
yourself

Future in

the past

Job interview

Letter of
application

Space

Passive

Science
fiction

Space
tourism

Passive:
advanced
structures

Presentation

Narrative

p83

Exam

5

Exam C h a lle n g e s 1 -2 p93

f

p91

»Reading • Use of English
• Listening • W riting
» Speaking

R e vie w s 1 -1 0 p97

F u n c tio n s B a n k p i 02

W r i t i n g B a n k p i0 4

G ra m m a r R e fe re n ce p io s

W o r d lis t p ii3

Wherever you see this symbol, you will find interactive practice
* • in the corresponding section of the MultiROM.

IN YOUR CD PLAYER
Track
1 IF S peaking:
2 IF S peaking:
3 2F S peaking:
4 Get ready fo r

5 3F S peaking:
6 3F S peaking:
7 4F S p e a kin g :

8
9

Talking a b o u t p h o to s, page 9
Talking a b o u t p h o to s, page 9
D iscussing pros and cons, page 17
yo u r exam 1 , page 20
P resenting argum ents, page 27
P resenting argum ents, page 27
Topic p re se n ta tio n , page 35

Get ready fo r your exam 2, page 38
5F S peaking: Talking a b o u t sta tis tics , page 45

10 5F Speaking: Talking a b o u t s ta tis tic s , page 45
11 6 F Speaking: Expressing o p in io n s , page 53
12 Get ready fo r y o u r exam 3, page 56
13
14
15
16
17
18

7F Speaking: Role-play, page 63
8 F Speaking: D iscussion, page 71

Get ready fo r yo u r exam 4, page 74
9F Speaking: Job in te rvie w , page 81
10F S p e a kin g : P resentation, page 89
Get ready fo r yo u r exam 5, page 92


I coin d tscn b t
somcûncs personality.

1 Write the opposites of these personality adjectives.
1

s
d

a b

t

i

c

a

i I I

I

t

e d
m a

n n e

e d

d e d

3 Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.
1 The children had been as good as ABC / gold allmorning.

n s i d e r a t e

2 Finally, after 10 years in prison, Rodney found himself
as free as a bird / bee.

c

h e e

r

f

u

I

3 Stories about strange creatures who live deep m the
forest are as old as silk / the hills.
4 You have to be as quiet as an eel / a mouse, oryou’ll
wake

my parents up.

5 Our dog looks quite fierce, but in fact, he’s as gentle
as a lamb / mule.
6 You should eat more. You’re as thin as a rake / feather!
7 lulie has been as busy as a bee / bird getting

2 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

everything ready for the conference.
8 Don’t let Ben trickyou into doing all his work - he's

considerate

as sty as an eel / a fox!

naive
1 My neighbours are so noisy at night. I wish they’d be
more
2 I can say anything I like in front o f my grandmother. She’s
ve ry__________________ for her age.
3 It was ve ry_________________ o f you to leave your bike
unlocked and th ink nobody would steal it.
4 His exam results are always fantastic, but he’ s too

Complete these sentences with your own ideas so that they
show the meaning of the adjectives.
Grace is so argum entative. Last n ig ht, for ewmpit. she started
an argument with a complete stranger in a cafI.

1 Martin is very considerate. He often_________________

__________________to talk about them.
5 My sister is so

..............

- she’ squite happy to

2 Iwish you weren’t so narrow-minded. You never

sing in front o f a room full o f people.
6 Luke is s o __________________- he’s always in a bad mood.

3 M y m u m is a very generous person. She always
4 Ruth is so unreliable. She never

Unit 1 • Against the odds


I can. correctly use a variety
o f past av\A perfect tenses.

Complete the sentences w ith the past sim ple or present
perfect sim ple.

Complete each sentence w ith the past sim ple and past
continuous.

1 You can’t be hungry. You _

1

_ (eat) a bowl of

pasta ten m inutes ago!

(get) dark by the tim e we

lt_

(arrive) at the holiday chalet.

2 Lauren is probably the most intelligent person I

As I ______________ (prepare) lunch, I

______________ (meet).

my hand.

3 W e______________ (catch) four fish already, and we’ve

They_______

only been here an hour!

th e y _______

4 When he was a child, his family

(live) in India,

You________

5 Don’t put the laptop away - I _

(not finish)

We

using it yet.

6

6

I ______________ (know) her for years, and I th in k she’s

(walk) out of

the restaurant.
How many tim e s ___________

(start) talking while I _____________ (talk)!

_ Qust / leave) when the policeman

When th e y _________
__________(find) Lewis, he

(you / phone) your

4

Complete the dialogue w ith an appropriate past tense o f
the verbs in brackets.
Kyle

boyfriend so far today?

I saw Lisa last week. She 1______________
(just /arrived) back from a year in Latin America.

Choose the best tense, sim ple or continuous, to complete
the e-mails.
□ =

Alyssa

Really? W h a t 2______________ (she / do) there?

Kyle

Well, s h e 3______________ (work) as an English
teacher fo rth re e m onths in Peru. Then she

:0 i

Reply All

_ (build) the new supermarket.

(live) in New York under a false name.

7 Gail picked up her coat and

Reply

^

(discover) some ancient ruins when

(knock) on the door.

very level-headed.

8

(cut)

dp Forward
Alyssa

--

4______________ (travel) around Chile and Argentina.
And 5______________(she / change) as a result o f the
experience? She was quite naive before she

Dear Kyle
I ’ m s or ry I ha v e n ' t !w r i t t e n / been w r i t i n g to
you for so long. I ’ve 2m e a n t / been m e a n i n g
to s end you an e-mail ever since I 3got / was
gett ing back to Peru f rom my trip around
Chi e and A r g e n t i n a with my b o yfrien d, Gino.
The trip was great, but u n f o r t u n a t e l y Gino
and I 4f e 1 1 / w a s f a l l i n g out. I w o n ’t go
i nto detail s. Anyway, w e ’ve only 5seen / been
seei ng each o t her once since then.

Kyle

6_________ (go), in my opinion.
She looks different. She 7______________(not have)
her hair cut since before she left!

Alyssa

Kyle

Love,
Li sa

8______________(she / meet) anybody while she
9______________(travel)? A boyfriend, I mean.

Yes. While s h e 10______________ (work) at the school
(start) going out with
in Peru, she 1
one o f the otheryoung teachers. He 12___________
(live) in Lima for a year before she arrived, so he
showed her around.

*jReply

^ReplyAII

Alyssa And is she s till in touch w ith him?

_!?Forvard

Kyle

No, she isn’t. Something weird
(happen) in Argentina. She

Dear Kyle
OK, if y o u insist! One day about halfway
th r o u g h the trip, we 6w a i t e d / w e r e w a i t i n g
for a t rain at the s t a t i o n w hen I n o ticed
that a man ' l o o k e d / w a s l o oking at me, as if
he 8t r i e d / w a s t r y i n g to r e membe r something.
A f t e r a while, he 9came / was c o m i n g up to me
and a sked if my name was Lisa. To cut a long
story short, it turns out that we both
10 g r e w / w ere gr o w i n g up in the same v i l l a g e

in Wales! W hile we “ c h a t t e d / w e r e chatting,
Gino s u d d e n l y “ w a l k e d / w a s w a l k i n g off!
He “ d i d n ’t a dmi t / w a s n ’t a d m i t t i n g it, but
he was jealous! Can y o u b e l i e v e it?
Love,
Li sa

Unit 1 »Against the odds

13______________

14______________ (not

want) to tell me about it, but 1 15_

(insist)!

Alyssa What? Tell me!

Continue the dialogue. W rite a nother fo u r lines, tw o fo r
each speaker. Use exercise 2 to give you ideas.
Kyle

________________________________________________

Alyssa
Kyle

m

____
________________________________

A ly s s a ________________________


I

Worst Britons
/1

express m y opinions
on well-known. people.

mu

Revision: S tudent’ s Book page 7
Complete th e summ ary w ith the w ords in the box.

» ►

1

celebrities
com m entators
figures
Prime M inister
public
votes
In

2 0 0 2 , the

BBC conducted a

poll

1 ......_

In
to

2003 , a year after the BBC’s poll to discover the 100

greatest Britons, Channel 4 allowed viewers to vote for

discover which famous Britons were considered to be

the

100 worst Britons. Unlike the BBC, Channel 4 did not

the greatest o f all tim e by the general 2_______________ In

allow votes for people who were not alive at the time of

first place on the list was W inston Churchill, who was

the poll. They also excluded people who were in prison or

Britain’s 3______________during the Second World

awaiting trial.
Many of the people in the list of 200 Greatest Britons are

War (1939 -

45 ). Churchill received around half o f all
the 4_______________ Some s o c ia l 5_____________ were

there because of significant achievements in the world of
science, music, literature and exploration. Many of those

surprised th a t none o f the top ten was alive. This

in the 100 Worst Britons list are there precisely because, in

showed that, w hile many people are interested in

6__________
,they
g re a t 7______________ from

the opinion of the voters, they haven’t achieved anything

do not regard them as equal to

worthwhile but are nonetheless in the public eye. Number

history.

'

Read the te xt about the 100 W orst Britons. Which o f the
fo llo w in g are d e fin ite ly on the list?

doctors EH
lawyers EH

film stars CD high court judges EH
members of the royal family EH

politicians EH

reality TV contestants EH

singers EH

TV presenters EH

4 in the list, Jade Goody, became famous for appearing in
the reality TV show, Big Brother. And although the Reality
TV show, Pop Idol has been a huge hit in the UK, it provides
the list with no fewer than seven people, including judges,
presenters and former contestants. And judging by the list,
the British public has a particular dislike forTV presenters
and politicians.
Most interesting are the people who appear in both the 100

Greatest list and the 100 Worst list. These are controversial

Are these sentences true or false? W rite T or F.

figures who have large numbers of supporters but who

1 People who were in prison could not vote in the Channel 4

are also detested by large numbers of people. Two former

100 Worst Britons p o ll_____

Prime Ministers fall into this category: Tony Blair and

2 jade Goody won the reality TV show Big Brother_____

Margaret Thatcher. Two singers also appear on both lists:

3 Seven form er Pop Idol contestants are in the lis t_____

Cliff Richard, who first became a pop star in the 1950s and

4 The list suggests th a t TV presenters are not popular with
the British public_____
5 The text suggests Queen Elizabeth II is unpopular
because o f her role, not her personality_____

6

The text suggests Richard Branson is unpopular because
people are jealous o f his success_____

Ch a l l e n g e !

is still performing, and Robbie Williams, who has millions
of fans worldwide but whose personality many people
find arrogant. The reigning monarch, Queen Elizabeth II,
appears as number 10 on the list of greatest Britons and
number 24 on the list of worst Britons. This might be a
reflection of the public’s attitude to the monarchy as an
institution, rather than the personality of the Queen herself.
Entrepreneur and adventurer, Richard Branson is on both
lists, too. Many people admire his energy and achievements,

Choose tw o fam ous, livin g people from your country th a t
you w ould put in a list o f 100 Worst Celebrities. Explain why
you have chosen them .

building successful companies in the fields of air travel,

1 st person: (nam e)_________________________________________

frequent publicity stunts.

re a so n ____________________________________________________

In fact, looking at the list as a whole, being in the public

25t person: (nam e)_________________________________________
reason

____________________ ____ _______________

music, publishing, mobile phones and even space tourism.
However, many people also dislike his public image and his

eye too much seems to be the main cause of disapproval.
Although he is a hero for many young footballers, number 91
on the list of 100 Worst Britons is David Beckham - and his
wife, Victoria, is number 13.
—

........................................................................................................

.I------—— —— ---Unit 1 »Against the odds


I Creact to 0 survival story

Choose from sentences A-G the sentence w hich fits each
gap (1 -6 ). There is one sentence th a t you do not need.

Revision: S tudent’s Book page 8 -9

1

Complete the table o f related nouns and adjectives.
A Initially, she worked with the Royal Mail Line like her
noun

adjective

mother, but later moved to a company called W hite Star.

i

horror

2

B V iolet wrote th a t she was lying in bed but not quite

relieved
3

obstinacy
4

asleep when the collision occurred.
C That is why she decided not to accept another job on a
large passenger ship.

determined
5

resignation

6

D But even at this early age, V iolet was a survivor and
recovered fully from her illness.

miserable

E She was sucked under the boat and h it her head on the

2

Rewrite the sentences using verbs in the box.
clam ber
rot sob

deteriorate

d rift

grab

keel, but she survived.
pour

F Both ships were badly damaged, but managed to
struggle back to port.
G It was so badly damaged th a t it sank, w ith the loss o f 30

1 Water was flow ing into the boat very quickly.

members o f the crew.

2 With difficulty, we clim bed onto the rocks.

Find these words and phrases in the te xt. There is one
in each paragraph.

3 The wooden floor was so old and damp that it had

Paragraph 1: a phrase meaning ‘ personally’ (3 words)

fallen apart.
Paragraph 2: a serious d ise a se ________
4 The little boy was crying noisily and pointing to his

Paragraph 3: a female member o f a sh ip ’ s crew
Paragraph 4: a word th a t means ‘very good’ ___

sister’ s ice cream.

Paragraph 5: a phrase meaning a new sh ip ’s first voyage

(2 w o rd s )________________________

5 A th ie f suddenly took hold o f my bag and ran off.
Paragraph

6

He dropped a leaf into the water and watched it move

7 As she got older, her health got worse.

Read the text, Trouble at Sea, quickly. In w hat way could

you describe V iolet Jessop as both very unlucky and very
lucky?
She was unlucky because

She was lucky because

Unit 1 "Against the odds

a bomb that is hidden in the s e a _____

w o rk in g ________

slowly under the bridge.

3

6:

Paragraph 7: the period o f life when you have finished

_________________

Ch a l l e n g e !
Imagine th a t you were one o f the survivors o f the Titanic
who escaped in a lifeboat. W rite a s h o rt te x t saying w hat
you saw and how you fe lt.


O lym pic w h en it collided w ith H M S H aw ke in
1911. 3_________

M ost people never experience at first hand
the fear and excitement o f a disaster at sea.
Violet Jessop experienced it three times!
She did not go looking for danger, but
reading the story o f her life, it sometimes
seems that danger came looking for her.
V io let w as b o rn in A rg e n tin a, th e first o f six
ch ild ren b o rn to Irish em ig ra n ts, W illiam and
K ath erin e Jessop. H e r fath er w as a sheep farm er. A s
a child, V io let becam e v ery ill w ith tuberculosis, and
h e r d o c to r to ld h e r p a re n ts th a t she w o uld die w ith in
w e e k s.1________
T h e d eath o f h e r fath er led th e fam ily to re tu rn to
B ritain, w h ere h e r m o th e r needed to w o rk to p rovid e
an incom e. S he found a jo b as a stew ard ess for th e
R oyal M ail L ine, a sh ip p in g com pany, w h ile V io let
an d h e r b ro th e rs and siste rs w e n t to live at a co nven t
school. W h e n h e r m o th e r had to sto p w o rk because
o f p o o r h ealth , V io let gave up school to becam e a
stew ard ess h e rs e lf.2________ V io let d id n ’t w a n t to
w o rk for W h ite S ta r because th e ir ships sailed acro ss
th e N o rth A tla n tic an d often en co u n tered bad w eather.
N ev erth eless, V io let becam e a stew ard ess for th e
W h ite S ta r L ine w o rk in g 17 h o u rs a day for less
th a n £ 3 a m o n th . She w as se rv in g on b o ard th e

V iolet w as q u ite happy w o rk in g on th e O lym pic
and d id n ’t really w a n t to jo in th e T itan ic , a n o th e r ship
o w ned by th e sam e com pany. H ow ever, h e r friends

p e rsu ad ed h e r th a t w o rk in g on th e la rg e st p a ssen g er
ship in th e w o rld w ould be a w o n d erfu l ex perience.
V io let Jesso p ’s ow n a c co u n t o f th e T ita n ic ’s
m aiden voyage talk s ab o u t a tra n s la te d H e b rew
p ra y e r th a t an old Irish w o m an h ad given her. T h e
p ra y e r w'as su p p o sed to p ro te c t h e r ag a in st fire and
w ater. V io let, w h o w as a d ev o u t C atholic, read th e
p ra y e r as she relax ed in h e r cabin on ly h o u rs before
Im m ediately, she w as
th e T ita n ic sank. 4_____
o rd e re d to go on deck. A s w a te r p o u re d in to th e ship
and it b eg an to sink, she h elp ed a g ro u p o f w om en
in to a lifeboat, an d a fte r e ig h t h o u rs in th e boat,
V io let an d th e o th e rs w ere rescu ed by a n o th e r ship.
A b o u t 1500 o th e r p a sse n g e rs w e re n o t so lucky: th e y
died in th e tragedy.
W h e n th e G re a t W ar broke o u t in 1914, V iolet
served as a n u rse w ith th e B ritish R ed C ro ss on board
a ship called th e B ritannic. A s a m edical ship, th e
B rita n n ic w as safe fro m en em y a tta c k because o f an
in te rn a tio n a l ag re em en t. H ow ever, to w ard s th e end
o f 1916, th e ship collided w ith a m ine in th e A egean
S e a .5_________ A t th e tim e o f th e collision, V io let
h e rs e lf w as on deck an d w as th ro w n ov er th e side o f
th e ship in to th e sea by th e force o f th e explosion.
6_________ She w as picked up o u t o f th e w a te r and
taken to safety. Y ears later, a d o c to r to ld h e r th a t she
had actually fra ctu red h e r skull in th e accident.
D esp ite th ese th re e sep ara te incidents, V io let Jessop
c o n tin u ed to w o rk at sea for a n o th e r 34 years. She

re tire d in 1950 and enjoyed m any y ears o f re tire m e n t
before h e r d eath in 1971 at th e age o f 84.

Unit 1 «Against the odds


GRAMMAR

mm

Past perfect simple and continuous
1

Look at the tim e line. Then com plete the te xt using the past
perfect continuous w ith fo r or since.
1990

2 Yesterday, Ava began an expedition to clim b M ount Everest.
Had she completed her preparation schedule?
Write sentences in the past perfect sim ple, affirm ative or
negative.

Boy band Take That
(Robbie Williams,
Gary Barlow, Howard Donald,
Mark Owen and Jason Orange)
start performing together

gain U kilos in weight ✓
complete a physical training regime ✓

stuobtain long-term weather forecasts ✓
plan a route to the summit ✓

1992

get to know the other climbers in the group X

Take That start
having hits

spend a week at high altitude ✓
She had gained k kilos in weight.

1996
Take That split up
1998
Gary Barlow starts
w riting songs for
other performers
Study the verbs below. Tick the verbs w hich are not usually
used in continuous tenses (state verbs).

2000
Howard Donald becomes
a DJ in Germany

belong

□

enjoy

LJ

2001

know

Jason Orange becomes
a psychology student

imagine

Zj

spend

I I

th in k
2004
Mark Owen starts
running his own record
label

understand

LJ

w ait

□

Complete the sentences w ith the past perfect sim ple or
continuous o f the verbs from exercise 3.

2006

1 NothingTara did surprised him, because he

Take That reunite w ith o u t
Robbie W illiam s for a hugely
successful world tour

______________ her well since childhood.
2 She was glad when the bus arrived, as s h e ______________
more than half an hour in the cold.
We were sad when the concert ended, because we

By the tim e Take That started having hits, they (perform /

______________ it so much.

for) had been performing together for two fears. When they split
up in

1996 , they (have

I was amazed when Fran phoned, because I

hits / since ) 1 __________________

______________________ They got back together in

2 0 0 6 . Gary

Barlow (write songs / since ) 2______________________________
_. Howard Donald (work as a DJ / for)

______________ about her ju st a m inute earlier.
5 When he finished speaking, I realised that I ____________
only a fraction o f w hat he’ d said.

6

The bracelet was particularly precious to her because it
______________ to her grandmother.

Jason Orange (study psychology / for) '

7 I was a little disappointed when I saw the hotel room

. and Mark Owen (run
record label / s in c e )!

because I ______________ som ething bigger.

8

Her parents decided that s h e ______________ too much
tim e w ith her boyfriend.

Unit 1 »Against the odds


SPEAKING

Talking about photos

I can. talk, about a jiv tv i
topic illustrated by photos.
4 it they’ re be lesson in that maths could a

5 as is one if looks them it asleep of

6

clear front the in that the interested it’ s girl desk isn’t

3 W rite about these photos, com paring and contrasting
them . Use phrases from exercises 1 and 2.

1

© 01

Complete the extract from the Speaking exam.

Then listen and check.

as though
connected
hard
imagine
say show like w ould guess
‘The photos are

ju d g in g

_________w ith the topic o f school.

Both photos 2_____________- students in class. In the first
photo 13

__________

that they’ re about 13 years old. It

looks 4______________ a science lesson, and 5____________
by the students’ expressions, I’d 6______________ th a t they
are enjoying th e ir lesson. They look interested and it looks

7______________they are working hard.

M ost o f them are

looking at the experim ent and working together. They are
all wearing uniform - it’ s quite an old-fashioned-looking
uniform , so I 8______________ that it’s a private school, but it

Ch a l l e n g e !

could be a state school. It’s 9_____________ - to say.’

2

© 02

Can you explain w hat these quotations about education

Order the words to make sentences about the

mean? Use your own words.

second photo. Then listen to the speaker and check your

1 ‘The roots o f education are bitter, but the fruits are

answers.

sweet.’ Aristotle

1 they I are years 17 reckon old about

2

mixed o f girls it’s and class a boys

2 ‘ Education is w hat remains when you have forgotten
everything you learned in school.’ Einstein

3 to tell w hat it’s o f d iffic u lt lesson in they’ re kind
V
i

m

.. ■ ■ ■ ■ Z Z Z /

-

Unit 1 »Against the odds


I tg iv in g
P reparation
1

2

Read the jum bled parts o f an article. Match the paragraphs
(A-D) w ith the paragraph plan below.

Find at least one example in the article of:

1

a sequencing word or phrase

2

a phrase or sentence followed by an exclamation mark

3 an extreme adjective

4 stylistic inversion

Rewrite the h ig h lig h te d sentences from the article using
s ty lis tic inversion. Begin like th is:
1 H a d __________________________________________________
2 N ever________________________________________________
3 So
A
A I’d been staying with my aunt and uncle at their house
near the sea. The weather had been fantastic, and I’d

_

_

_______________________

Think of som ething th a t happened to you which was
dangerous or frig h te n in g . Make notes.
Where were you?

__________________________

What happened?

__________________________

When did it happen?

_________________________

Who was involved?

__________________________

been going to the beach every day for a swim. There
was a large, flat rock about five hundred metres out to
sea, and I enjoyed swimm ing out to it. I’ d even started
tim ing myself to see how quickly I could get there.
B When I finally reached safety, I was so relieved. It felt
as if I’ d been sw im m ing for ever. If the distance had

How did you f e e l ? _________________________

5

Use your notes from exercise 4 to w rite an article about the
event. Follow the paragraph plan from exercise 1.

been twenty metres further, I w o u ld n ’t have made it.
I’d never been so exhausted in my life! After th a t day,
I always checked the tim es of the tides before I went
swimming!

C This is som ething that happened to me about three
years ago. At the tim e, I wasn’t really frightened, but

W ritin g Guide
Write a b rief introduction saying where and when the event
happened. Don’t go into detail at this stage.
Explain the background to the event. Say why you were
there, w hat you had been doing, etc.

looking back, it was quite a dangerous incident. In

Describe w hat happened. Remember th a t the past sim ple is

fact, in some ways, I was lucky to survive.

the most comm only used tense for this kind o f narration.
Write a b rief conclusion. Say w hat you learned from the

One afternoon, I swam to the rock as usual and

event and how it affected you.

clim bed onto it for a rest, as it was a warm and sunny
day. I was so tired that I fell asleep. Only when I woke
up did I realise that the tide was coming in - and
fast! The rock was now more than a kilom etre out to
sea! Could I swim that far? I wasn’t sure, but I had no
choice. I dived into the sea and started swimming.
Paragraph 1: Introduction
Paragraph 2: Background inform ation

Paragraph 3: Main events
Paragraph 4: Conclusion

10

1

Unit 1 »Against the odds

Ch e c k l is t
Have you:
• followed the paragraph plan?
• used appropriate tenses fo r each part o f the article?
• used stylistic inversion or a feature from exercise 2 ?
checked your w ork for mistakes?


I coin, talk. about money
1 Complete the chart w ith adjectives made from the nouns.

6

1
2

economy
7 profit
8 value
9 worth

10 economy

price
price
3 worth
4 finance
5 cost

1

A • • • • •

3

Match a - j w ith

1-10 to

\

make expressions connected

w ith money.
be d irt
cost
rip
pay through
make
tighten
g put

h be well
i splash
i be

a
b
c
d
e
f

10
2
3

4
5

6
4

7

E xtension: Expressions connected w ith money

1
2
3
4
5

6

7

8

9

10

aside
som ebody o ff
a killin g
the nose (for something)
cheap
a fortune
o ff
your belt
hard up
out (on som ething)

Rewrite the sentences using expressions from exercise 3 .
1 The skiing holiday was great but it cost a lot o f money.

8

2 Jason paid far too much for his new car.

9

3 They haven’t had much money since Sam lost his job.

2 Choose the correct adjective.
4 We spent a lot o f money on a new computer.

1 We’ re spending too much money. We need to be more
economic / economical.

5 Sarah got a bonus at work, w hich she’ s going to save

2 The food at that restaurant is great, but it’s very pricey /

for the future.

precious.
3 The website provides valuable / p rofitable advice on

6

choosing the right university course.

Nowadays printers hardly cost anything.

4 Economists are predicting th a t rising interest rates w ill
create econom ical / financial chaos.

5

7 I th in k you were charged far too much by the garage.

I th ough t the painting I inherited from my grandm other
was worth a lot o f money, but it turned out to be

6

8

w orthless / precious.
Businesses often prefer to sell goods on the Internet,

We’ ll have to economise to avoid getting into debt.

because it is more profitable / valuable.
7 A w o rth y / priceless collection o f Michelangelo drawings

Ch a l l e n g e !

was destroyed in the fire.

8

At the end o f the last century we experienced a period of
rapid profitable / economic growth.

9 They wanted to buy a house in London, but it w ould have
proved too costly / over-priced.
10 Trying to improve the lives o f poor people is a valuable /
w orthy am bition for any politician.
11 In my opinion DVDs and CDs are ridiculously overpriced /
valuable.

12 This necklace isn’t worth a great deal but it’s very w orthy

W rite sentences using th e words given.

1
2

afford

......... ................................... ........

be worth

3 change (verb)
4 cost (verb)
5 o w e _________

6

value (verb)-

/ precious as it belonged to my mother.

^
I

fP’ \
**

Unit 2 • For what it’s worth

11


I can use determiners
to describe quantities.
1

Complete the news article w ith a/an, the or no article.

Crime Doesn’t Pay
Jane W ilson only had a few pounds in 2 _
. bank.
so she decided to limit herself to 3______ £10 cash
withdrawal. But when she went to the ATM to withdraw
4________money, she discovered to her amazement that
she had £100,000 in her account. Jane was used to living
on £100 5________ week, but o v e r6________ next few days
7________ 25-year-old lived the life o f 8
lottery
winner, even though she knew the m oney w asn’t hers.
She splashed out on 9________thousands o f pounds worth
o f 10________clothes, took out nearly £10,000 in 11________
cash and b oo k ed 12________ luxury holiday to 13_____
U SA. She also spent m oney on her fam ily and gave
14________ m oney to a charity that helps 15________

Choose the correct option: som e, any or nothing.
1 Peter hasn’t got some / any / — long hair.
2 Can I have some / any / — grapes, please?

disabled. However, 16
staff at 17
. bank
soon realised their mistake and froze Jane’s account. She
knew there was no point in running away, so she stayed at
18________ home and waited fo r 19________ police to knock
on 20
door. In court she pleaded guilty to stealing
the m oney and was given a two-year suspended sentence.

4

Complete or w rite a sentence so th a t it means the same as
the firs t sentence. Include the word in brackets.
1 It doesn’t m atter w hich road you take, (any)
You can

3 I haven’t got some / any / — money in the bank.
4 I don’t like some / any / — strong cheese.

road.

2 We don’t have a lot o f tim e, (much)
W e_______________________________

5 Call me at some / any / — tim e. It doesn’t m atter when.

6 What some / any / — beautiful flowers!

take ar>(__________________________

3 My brother plays football and so do I. (both)
M y _____________________________________________________

7 Some / Any / — cars use a lot o f petrol, others are more

4 It d id n ’t rain on Tuesday and it d id n ’t rain on Wednesday,

economical.

8 Some / Any / — train from this platform goes to Hastings.

(e ith e r... or)

Complete the sentences w ith few, a few, little or a little.

I t _______________________________________________________

1 It usually snows a lot here in the w inter but last year
there was v e ry __________ snow.
I bought this ja c k e t___________ days ago.
I’ve run out o f bread. Could you give m e __________ ?
Sam’ s determ ined to leave school. There’s __________
use in trying to change his m ind.
__

_____tourists visit the Arctic. It’ s dangerous.

Sorry I’ m late. I lost my w a y ________

tim es coming

here.
__________ people stay in th is hotel because it’ s
ridiculously expensive.
I don’t understand this. I n e e d ___________ help.

5 The shops are all closed, (none)
___________________________________________________open.

6

The food wasn’t good. And it wasn’t cheap, (n e ith e r... nor)
The fo o d _______________________________________________

7 There aren’t any easy answers, (no)

8

Not many o f my relatives live nearby, (few)

9 My parents haven’t got much money, (little)

10 He read the magazine from beginning to end. (whole)

11 The m ajority of graduates quickly find a job. (most)

12 All o f us w ant to be happy, (every)

Unit 2 • For what it’s worth


Buying abroad

I can talk a\boiit
British emigration.

* Revision: S tudent’ s Book page 17
«

1

Complete the sentences w ith w ords from the box.
basement
open-plan

conversion
detached
lease
period
to p -flo o r unfurnished

1 The fla t we live in w a s ______________ so we had to
buy furniture.
2 We live in a ______________ house. Our nearest
neighbour is

100

metres away.

3 Sally recently moved into a new b a rn _____________
Until last year the b u ilding was part o f a farm.
I don’t lik e ______________ houses. I prefer to have

A Every three minutes someone in Britain boards a

separate rooms.
We live in t h e _________

. fla t, so when you arrive

go down the steps.

6

___________ cottage, but in
Tom’ s home looks like a __________
fact it was only b u ilt five years ago.

7 We have fabulous views across the city from our

^

1

______________ flat.

8

We have a 1 2 -m o n th _____________ on our house.

>

Read the text quickly. Which paragraph (A-D) tells you about:
1 which countries UK emigrants go to ? _____

2

why people choose to em igrate?_____

3 future em igration? _____
Are the sentences true or false? W rite T or F.
1 About 600,000 Britons live abroad perm anently or for
part o f the year. ____
2 The top six destinations are other English-speaking
countries. ____
3 The m ajority of emigrants are middle-aged. ____
4 Some people emigrate to find somewhere cheaper to
live. ____
5 Emigrants can’t usually afford to buy property. ____
Express inform ation from the te x t using these numbers.
1 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 _______________________________________________

2 1 ,3 0 0 ,0 0 0 _____________________________________________

3 750,000 _

4 1,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 .

plane or a ferry and travels abroad to start a new life.
Emigration from the UK lias increased dramatically over
the past 10 years and now at least five and half million
British citizens live permanently overseas. It is estimated
that a further 500,000 Britons spend part of the year
abroad, either spending extended periods in second
homes, or working. This means that 10% of British
people are living abroad at any one time.
B Six o f the eight most popular destinations for Britons
seeking a new life abroad are other English-speaking
countries: Australia (with 1.3 million expatriates), the US
(0.7 million), Canada (0.6 million), Ireland (0.3 million),
and New Zealand and South Africa (each with about
0.2 million). The second most popular country overall,
however, is Spain, where three quarters of a million
British people have settled permanently.
C Why do so many people choose to leave die UK and
settle abroad? The majority are either young people
without families, who are just starting their careers, or
people at the end of their working life who are seeking
to retire. Other reasons for emigrating are to find a
better climate, better quality o f life (many complain
that the UK is too expensive), or to join other family
members who’ve already left the UK. Whatever die
reason, cheap ;tir travel and free movement within the
European Union mean that emigrating is easier than
ever. Moreover, high property prices in the UK mean
that people can exchange a fairly modest house in the
I TK for somediing much grander overseas.

D It is predicted that a further one million Britons will
leave in the next five years. So, has this led to a decline
in the UK population? No, because for every two
people who emigrate, three people move to the UK
from abroad.

Unit 2 • For what it’s worth


I can understand an article
about an author and kis work.
Are the sentences true or false? (The answers may be in the
sentences in exercise 3.) W rite T or F.

Revision: S tudent’s Book page 1 8 -1 9

1

Complete the sentences using the w ords in the box.
cut down
run out o f

1

equivalent income
spend waste

I’ve.

poverty

1 Down and Out in Paris and London is an exact account o f

rent

Orwell’ s experiences in the two c itie s .____
2 Orwell to o k a job in a hotel because he was fed up of

money. Can I borrow some from

you?

teaching and w r it in g . ___
3 He earned very little money working in the hotel.

2 A shocking 37 m illion Americans live in
___

, according to a recent report.

3 Credit cards te m p t some people t o

_____

killed near his r o o m .____
_

5 Orwell slept outside in the open in both Paris and

more than they earn.

4 The_

London. ____

__________for the fla t we live in comes to

6

£500 a month.

Orwell thought that it was the workers’ own fau lt that
they had such dreadful working c o n d itio n s .___

5 In 1850, a slave in the American South cost the
___ ____ o f £ 25,000 in today’ s money.

6

__

4 One night Orwell couldn’t sleep because someone was

The governm ent has _

_

____ expenditure on

7 Orwell had a lot o f sympathy for tramps and b e g g a rs.____

8

Orwell thought th a t socialism was good as long as it
d id n ’t turn into totalitarianism . ____

health and education.
7 Don’t

___ ____

_ your money on expensive

designer clothes that you don’t need.

8

Of the Earth’ s six billion people, h a lf live on an

____________ o f under $2 a day.
V _____________________________________________________________ -

2

Read the text, ign o rin g the gaps. Answer the questions.
1 Which other two famous works by Orwell are mentioned
in the text?
and
2 In which city did Orwell w ork in a hotel?

3 Why couldn’t he find work in London at first?

Match sentences A -G w ith gaps 1 -6 . There is one sentence
th a t you do not need.
A He recounts how th is life had a severe effect on his
humanity.
B Having found a job and started to earn some money, life
im proved dram atically for him.
C However, when th is work dried up, he had to start selling
his possessions w hile he tried to search for more work.
D Until his boss returns, he finds h im se lf sleeping on the
streets o f the city w ith the other poor and unemployed.
E S till I can point to one or tw o things I have definitely
learned by being hard up.
F He finds him self working seventeen and a half hours a
day in the restaurant, alm ost w ith o u t a break.
G However, Orwell was also com pletely against
totalitarianism in any form.

Unit 2 • For what it’s worth

flXXXXZS Ch a l l e n g e ! QXZX23I
Imagine th a t you are homeless and unem ployed. W rite a
sh o rt te x t saying how you find food, where you sleep, and
how you feel.


D o w n ana out in
P a r is an I L o na on

sleeping, then drinking on a Saturday night through

to Sunday morning, which briefly made his life seem
bearable.2_________ He describes a murder which
happened just outside his window, and says ‘The
diing that strikes me in looking back, is diat I was in
bed and asleep within three minutes of the murder ...
W e were working people and where was the sense of
wasting sleep over murder?’
In tlie hope of a better job and more money,
Orwell moves to working in a restaurant, but the
owner doesn’t pay him for ten days and so he is
reduced to sleeping on a park bench rather than
facing his landlady over non-payment of rent.
3_________ He blames die dreadful existence of his
fellow workers for turning them all into zombies:
‘[They have] been trapped by a routine which makes
thought impossible. If [they] thought at all they would
long ago have ... gone on strike for better treatment.
But diey do not think, because they have no leisure
for it; their life has made slaves of diem.’
Orwell travels to London having been promised
that a job is waiting for him. However, he can’t start
work because his new employer has gone on holiday.
4

George Orwell is one of Britain’s best-known authors
of die 20th century, responsible for such famous works
as Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four. However,
diere was a period in his life when things didn’t go so
well for him.
Down and Out in Paris and London is Orwell’s

semi-autobiographical account of living in poverty in
both cities. The narrative begins in Paris where Orwell
lived for two years, attempting to make a living by
giving English lessons and writing reviews and articles
for magazines.1_________ After days without food,
he finally found a hotel job with his Russian friend,
Boris. There he ended up working long hours as a
dishwasher and kitchen assistant in a hotel, where he
earned barely enough to survive.
He describes his routine life as one of die working
poor in Paris as: slaving dien sleeping, slaving then

At die end of die book, Orwell summed up what he
had learned from his experience of living in poverty:
‘At present I do not feel that I have seen more than die
fringe of poverty.5_________ I shall never again think
diat all tramps are drunken scoundrels, nor expect a
beggar to be grateful when I give him a penny, nor be
surprised if men out of work lack energy.’
These experiences led Orwell to strengthen his
democratic socialist beliefs. He blamed wealthy
people for being ignorant of the reality of poverty.
He said that the rich were afraid of the poor: they
didn’t want to give them freedom from poverty,
because they thought that the poor would then
threaten their own way of life. 6_________His
subsequent novels, Animal Farm and Nineteen EightyFour, depict worlds where people in authority have
gone horribly out of control. He showed us how7
difficult it is to make a fair and just society, but he
didn’t want the human race to stop trying.

Unit 2 • For what it’s worth


I can. identify and use
a variety o f verb patterns.
1

4 a Despite losing an arm in an accident, Fred w ent on

Complete the text. Use the in fin itiv e or -ing form o f the
verbs in brackets.
9 0 0 * .............
«

C

+

___________ (play) football.
b George studied languages and w ent o n __________

.............
www.lottoforum.com

(teach) French.

* Q,

m ___

5 a I tr ie d ___________ (take) the bus to work but it was

Lotto F0RUM

always overcrowded.
b The th ie f tr ie d __________ (take) my credit card but I

( LOGON ) ( POST ARTIICLE

I REPLY )

stopped him.

3
I can't bear1

Rewrite the sentences using the verb in brackets.

(listen) to lottery winners

who insist that they will carry o n '

1 I told Mike that he should get an early night, (advise)
1 advised Mite to get an earl-; night.________________________

(live)

2 I said I would give Jenny a lift into town, (agree)

in exactly the same way as they did before. Although they
may really hope3________________ (continue) their lives
unchanged, I admit t o 4________________ (have) a serious

3 It was easy for me to repair the broken vase,
(have difficulty)

problem believing them, if they hadn't intended
5_______________ (change) their lives at all, then why on
earth did they w a n t6________________ (buy) a lottery ticket

4 Dad told me I couldn’t stay out late, (let)

in the first place? Suddenly receiving a lot of money, when you
had none before, can't fa il7________________ (have) a huge

5 We’ re th in kin g about selling our car. (consider)

effect on anybody's life. Lottery winners who propose
8_______________ (give away) ALL of their winnings are very

6

rare indeed. And once you decide9________________ (spend)

I th in k it’ s really nice to relax in front o f the TV in the
evening, (enjoy)

a lot of money on something - a big new house, for example
- you will become a different person. It's unavoidable, no

7 I finally succeeded in solving the crossword, (manage)

matter who you are. But if there are any lottery winners who
are having difficulty10________________ (deal with) their

8

new riches, then they are welcome to give some of their

I told M illie not to forget to bring some CDs to the party,
(remind)

money to me!

2 W rite the correct form o f the verb.
1 a I rem em ber

Ch a l l e n g e !

(send) Jim a birthday card

though he says he d id n ’t receive it.
b Please rem em ber__________ (lock) the door when you

W rite true sentences using the verbs in the box follow ed by
another verb in the correct form.
can’t stand

leave the house.

2 a I regre t________

(tell) you that you’ve lost your place

in the volleyball team.
b I regretted ___________ (tell) my parents that I’d
decided not to study medicine.
3 a We drove all day, stopping o n ly ___________ (have)
lunch at a service station,
b W ill you please s to p ________

16 1

Unit 2 • For what it’s worth

_ (criticise) me.

1

fa il

fancy

hope

let

keep on

__________________________________

SPEAKING

Discussing pros and cons
1 Put the w ords in the correct order to make phrases fo r
tryin g to persuade another person. Add punctuation.

1

adm it / you / to / have / that

k

Q 03 The fo llo w in g phrases can be used to introduce
both pros and cons. Listen again and tic k those th a t the
student used.
Introducing the firs t argum ent

2

One advantage/disadvantage o f... is (th a t)... EH

agree / but / w o uldn’t / that / you

The most obvious advantage/disadvantage o f... is
(th a t)... EH

3 at / look / it / way / w ell / this

One positive/negative aspect o f ... is (th a t)... EH
... is /is n ’t a good idea because ... EH

4 th in k / just / about

Introducing subsequent argum ents
5 with / there’ s / but / nothing / surely / wrong

6

Another advantage/disadvantage is (th a t)... EH
Not only that b u t ... EH

th a t / you / deny / can’t

Another im portant point is t h a t ... EH
An even stronger argum ent fo r/a g a in s t... is (th a t)... EH

2 Complete the phrases fo r discussing pros and cons using
the words in the box.
benefit
consequences
creates
o ther
drawbacks
favour
for
several
th in g

disadvantages
positive

Pros
The main 1______________ o f... is ...
... is generally a good 2______________ because ...

5 W rite a sh o rt paragraph giving tw o more advantages o f
online shopping and tw o more disadvantages. Use phrases
from exercises 2 and 4 to introduce them . Use the ideas in
the box to help you or invent your own.
Pros
shop 24 hours a day convenient stay at home
w ider choice compare prices
gifts for people who
live a long way from you
buy things from anywhere
in the world

... h a s 3______________ things in its 4_____________
... produces some 5_

effects - for example,

identity th e ft genuine website? goods out o f stock
delivery charges
com plaining returning faulty
goods speaking to real people

Cons

On the 6___________
A s 7_________

h a n d ,...

th e '

But there are ____
However, it also 10_
But some o f the 11_

3

Cons

too.
_ problems,
are less attractive.

$ 03 Listen. Which question from 1 -4 below are the
students discussing?

1

What are the pros and cons o f shopping in shops? EH

2 What are the advantages o f online shopping? EH
3 What personal experience, if any, do you have o f online
shopping? EH
4 What are the pros and cons o f online shopping? EH

m
Unit 2 • For what it’s worth


I

Essay: for and against
Preparation
1

4

Match 1 -6 w ith a - f. U nderline the words and phrases th a t
express contrast.

1

can present

tWe arguments

fo r av\A against in- an essay■

Think o f points th a t you could include, and w rite at least
three under each o f these headings.

Pros
Monfr'f mates people commit crime-._________________________

I don’t believe th a t money makes you happy. EH

2 Much as I w ould like to be rich. I I
3 Having money can remove a lot o f everyday worries. EH
4 Many people are happy. I I
5 The love o f money is the root o f much evil, EH

6

The love o f money makes people com m it crime. EH

Cons

a Nevertheless, it would be unfair to argue that money is
the sole cause o f crime,
b in spite of the fact that they haven’t got much money,
c On the contrary, I th in k th a t money is often the cause o f
great unhappiness,
d it w ouldn’t necessarily make me happier,
e However, it can’t solve all our problems,
f

5

whereas money its e lf is not.

2 You are going to w rite an essay e n title d : Money is the root

Decide w hether, in your opin io n , the pros or the cons are
stronger argum ents, and why. You w ill express th is opinion

in the fin a l paragraph. Use these phrases to help you.

o f all evil. Discuss. Make notes for an in tro d u ctio n . Use

On b a la n c e ,...

these ideas to help you, or th in k of your own.

To sum up, I w ould say th a t ...
While it’s true t h a t ..., I firm ly believe t h a t ...

It’ s a very old saying.

Some people feel strongly t h a t .... However, I believe ...

How does money cause evil?

It can be argued t h a t ...

We can’t live w ith o u t money.

It’s true to say t h a t .... N e vertheless,...

Fair to blame money for all evil? One o f many causes?

6

W rite your essay, fo llo w in g the w ritin g guide below.

W ritin g Guide

Complete the phrases w ith the w ords in the box.
argued hand
one opposite

However

m aintain

im portant

Presenting one side o f the argum ent
Firstly, it’s 1______________ to state t h a t ...

2 ______________ hand, ...
It is so m e tim e s 3 ________
__

Paragraph 1
Introduction. Some background inform ation.
Paragraph 2
Two or three arguments for, with examples.
Paragraph 3
Two or three arguments against, w ith examples.
Paragraph 4
Summary and your opinion.

On the

th a t...

M oreover,... / Furtherm ore,... / What is m o re ,...
Presenting the other side o f the argum ent
4

On the o th e r 5 ______________ ,...
Some people take the

6 _____

view, and claim /

7 ______________ th a t ...
M oreover,... / F urtherm ore,... / What is m o re ,...

Unit 2 • For what it’s worth

41

C h e c k lis t

Have you:
• w ritten 2 0 0 -2 5 0 words?
• followed the w riting guide?
• included phrases for introducing arguments?
• checked your work for mistakes?

B


Exam T a s k

- Reading

Read the text. Then read statem ents 1 - 8 and find the
paragraph (A-D ) in the te x t which contains inform ation
about them . W rite the correct le tte r in the table. Finally,
decide if the statem ents are true (T) or false (F).

True/False

1

You cannot buy health.

2

You have to work hard to manage
your finances.

3

Creative people don’t need to be
skilful in business and financial
matters.

A

Giving money to those worse o ff
than you offers its own reward.

5

People can have very different
reasons for accum ulating wealth.

6

Money cannot distract us from
our worries.

7

Everyone, however rich, should
take care o f their own money.

8

Some people save money for

The Importance of Money
A
A great philosopher once said ‘ Money is a barrier against

A -D

all possible evils.’ Money can prevent the sufferings that
come with poverty like cold and hunger. Even though
sickness cannot be totally obliterated by money, it can be
considerably relieved by it. Giving away money to charity
can also provide us with the satisfaction o f relieving others

from suffering. With money, we can obtain an advanced
education th a t may aid us in the developm ent o f genius
and extraordinary achievements. It gives us the leisure
to devote a part o f our tim e to culture and art. Money
can provide a powerful diversion for all our troubles by

future generations.

perm itting distraction from the anxieties that assail us.
B

Exam T a s k

- Use of English

So we m ust try to get a thorough understanding o f all that
we may possibly do, in an honourable and legitim ate way,
to conserve wealth. Even to those who have inherited

Complete the te xt w ith the correct form o f the w ords in
brackets.

wealth, idleness can be a certain cause o f ruin. A great
fortune needs genuine labour fo r efficient adm inistration.
Those who leave this duty to strangers may pay a penalty
fo rth e ir negligence. This is why a rich man, who wants
to preserve and increase his fortune, should be his own
business manager.

C

Even artists m ust know the price that their work is w orth. It
is necessary for the a rtist to be a businessman in order to
have the right to be a genius. History is full o f examples o f
this. The great Shakespeare laboured as a theatre manager
to obtain the necessary leisure to produce his dram atic
masterpieces. Edison worked as a telegraph operator to
pay the bills white he ‘ m oonlighted’ as an inventor.
D
From the bottom to the top o f the ladder, it is necessary
to amass money in order to apply it to some great cause.
Money is the means by which we may fu lfil our purpose
in a larger and better way. Everyone should, in his own
way, make an effort to amass some money. Some w ill
apply money to th e ir daily wants. Others seek to swell the
fortune th a t they desire to leave to th e ir children. Some
only desire money so they can devote it to some noble
enterprise or charity. Finally, a large num ber see money
chiefly as a means o f im m ediate gratification.

A fte r three decades o f being either endangered or
threatened, America's bald eagle, its symbol o f
1_____________________(PROUD), has made a
2_____________________(REMARK) comeback. In June the
U.S. to o k the high-flying bird o ff the Endangered Species
Act's 'threatened' list.
For a century (1 8 7 0 -19 7 0 ) bald eagle populations,
w hich used to in h a b it 3_____________________ (MOUNTAIN)
areas o f the United States , 4_____________________ (SEVERE)
declined because o f hunting, habitat
5_____________________(LOSE) and the use o f DDT. In 1963,

there were only 417 breeding pairs. By 1970, people
feared it was facing n e a r 6_____________________ (EXTINCT).
Further problems, such as habitat destruction, fo o d 7_____________________(CONTAMINATE), and
8_____________________(LEGAL) shooting raised concerns.
Now, there are 9,789 breeding pairs in the United States,
all o f w hich are protected under the Bald and Golden
Eagle 9_____________________(PROTECT) A ct, w hich
prohibits anyone w ith o u t a perm it from shooting,
poisoning, w ounding, killing, capturing, trapping,
collecting, molesting and disturbing bald eagles.
W hile the eagles have made a 10_____________________
(SUCCESS) return, there are still 541 animals in the United
States listed as threatened or endangered under the
Endangered Species Act.

Get ready for your Exam 1


Exam T a s k -

Listening

: P r e p a r a t i o n : Speaking

$ 0 4 You w ill hear four teenagers ta lk in g about th e ir
achievem ents. Read the statem ents. Then listen and
match the speakers 1 -4 to sentences A -E. There is one
extra sentence.

I Use the Functions Bank on page 102 (G iving opinions) to

^ help you.

Exam T a s k -

Speaking

A ‘A dram atic experience changed everything and started
me on this path.’
B ‘ I was lucky to meet people who helped and motivated
me.’
C ‘ I’ve been doing it for ages, but for a long tim e my
profession was sim ply a hobby.’
D ‘Talent is im portant, but I w o uldn’t be here if not for my
am bition and hard w ork.’
E ‘ My profession consumes me and I like it that way.’
sentence
speaker 1
speaker 2
speaker 3
speaker 4

: P r e p a r a t i o n : Writing
^ Use the W ritin g Bank on page 104 to help you.

Exam T a s k -

Writing

There is a com petition in your school magazine and
the w inn ing entry w ill be published. You are invited to

describe a sp orting event in w hich you to o k part as a
child. W rite an article in 2 1 0 -2 3 0 words.

Task 1: These tw o pictures show people who have
achieved som ething. Compare and contrast them and say
how you th in k these achievem ents are im p o rtant to each
person.
These ideas may help you:
• S itu a tio n /e n viro n m e n t/se ttin g

In your article, you should:

• Facial expression

• include a title

• Mood

• explain w hat event it was

• Emotions

• mention your role in it
• say what happened

• Possible follow -up activities (e.g. celebration, future jo b /
career)

• explain why it was memorable

• Other

W rite your article in the appropriate style and form at.

Task 2: Read the quotation below and express your
opinion on it.
These ideas may help you:
• Do you agree or disagree with the quotation? Why?
• Support your opinion with an exam ple/your own
experience.

‘What you get by achieving your goals is not as
important as what you become by
achieving your goals. ’ Zig Ziglar - J

Get ready for your Exam 1

J


1 Match the stages o f life in the box w ith a - f on the diagram.
Then w rite the years each stage begins and ends, in your
opinion.
adolescence
m iddle age

adulthood
old age

childhood

• • • • • Extension: Phrasal verbs w ith up and down
4

infancy
bring sb down
do sth up
hold sb up
look down on sb
own up to sth
p u t up w ith sth
put sth down to set sth up

b

a

Rewrite the sentences using a phrasal verb from the
box. (sb = somebody, sth = som ething)

1 I w on’t tolerate th is kind o f behaviour!
I won't put up with this kind of be-haviourl_______________
2 He attributes his success to hard work.
3 He established a company to im port Polish food.
4 This rain is depressing me.
5 It w ill cost a fortune to renovate this house.

30

40

50

from

_t o .

from

_to

from

_to _

from

_to _

from

_to

from

.to

60

70

80

6 He th in ks he’s superior to everybody!
7 I hope I’ m not delaying you.

8 She confessed to having lied.

.
5

2 Solve the anagrams to make words w ith sim ila r meaning.
1 a baby

(an) nnifat

2 a young child

(a) etdlord

3 a teenager

(an) esdotcanle

4 children

skid

5 old people

(the) yellerd

Complete the sentences w ith your own ideas.

1 I find it hard to put up w ith

__________

2 It gets me down when people
3 I should cut down
4 This town would be a better place to live if they did up

3

Match the verbs in the box w ith the de fin ition s.
bring up

bury

pass away

retire

settle down

die
start to have a quieter way o f life
raise (a child)
stop doing your job because you
have reached a certain age

put a dead person into a grave

h allen g e!
W rite six sentences about yourself at the six diffe rent
stages o f life from exercise 1. Use the past, present or
future, as appropriate.
During in fa n cy,____________ ___________________ _
As a c h ild ,____________________________________________
During adolescence,
:______________________
As an a d u lt,__________________________________________
In m iddle a g e ,
________
In old a g e ,
________

Unit 3 • From cradle to grave


Complete the sentences w ith a future form o f the verbs in
brackets. Use each o f the form s in the box once.
present continuous

present sim ple

w ill

4

Match the tw o halves o f the sentences. Complete them w ith

the words in the box.
as soon as

going to

u n til
1 Hurry up! Our flig h t

2

_

when

1 Please w ait here I I

(spend) a week on a boat and a week at a

3
_

unless

2 You should pay back this money EH

hotel.
4 I

in case

(leave) in an hour!

I ___________ (send) you a postcard, I promise.

3 We

by the tim e

__________ we’ve found the campsite, EH

4 I’ ll be relieved I I

(take) lots o f photos w hile I’ m away.

5
Complete these predictions w ith will or going to.

___ ______ he asks really nicely, EH

6 Take a credit card w ith you EH
a ______________you can.
b

__ ________you run out of money.

c it w ill be dark.
d

I get back.

e I won’t help him.
f

5

_

I’ve finished all my exams.

Improve th is e-m ail by m aking five changes to future forms.

Reply

Reply All

^Forvard

'A '-

4&.
Hi Holly!

1

There’s water on the floor over there. Somebody

_

How are you? Thanks for your text. I’m

slip on it.

going tn 1nndnn tomorrow, but we ran meet

2 The sky is so dark! It ___ ___

rain.

in the morning before I’ ll go. My train will

3 I d idn’t do very well in my exams, but I’ m sure I ________

leave at 11.45. Shall we meet at the coffee

do better next year.
4 I reckon I

shop at 10.30? I’m not minding if you’re a

_ get married before I’ m thirty.

5 She’s driving too fast. L ookout! S h e

___

bit late.

_ crash.

Pete tells me you’ re taking a year off before

university. Are you qoinq to spend some time

W rite offers in response to these problems. Use your own
ideas.

1

abroad? Promise me you aren't going to
forget about your friends bark home! Mayhe

‘ I can’t find my w a lle t.’

I’m even visitinq von (if von qo somewhere

I'll help n(ou look for it.__________________________________

nice).

2 ‘ I’m really cold.’

love
Ruth

3 ‘ I don’t understand this te xt.’

6
4 ‘ I’ m worried about my history exam tom orrow .’

Imagine you are Holly. W rite an e-m ail replying to
Ruth. M ention your plans fo r next year and tom orrow ’s

arrangem ent.

5 ‘ I haven’t got enough money for the bus.’

6

‘ I’ve left my packed lunch at home.’

7 ‘ I need a new o u tfit for a party this Saturday.’

Unit 3 • From cradle to grave

w


Young and old

I can understand and react
to an article about the elderly.
3 Are these sentences true or false? W rite T or F.

R evision: S tudent’ s Book page 29

1 A British newspaper contained a story about elderly

Complete the co lloquial phrases.

people playing com puter games. ____
o ff to LA = flying to LA

2 News stories about the care o f the elderly in the UK are

_ it = too old

usually quite positive. ____

stuck in a r_ _ _ _ _ _ = bored w ith the same routine
man

children. ____

like a mad t____________ = w ild ly

4 Increases in life expectancy do not necessarily lead to an

b____________the drum s = h ittin g the drums

ageing population. ____

V_

2

3 Most elderly people in the UK do not live w ith th e ir

5 By 2024, about a quarter of the adult population w ill be
Read the text. Why does an ageing population create
problem s fo r a country’ s economy? Tick the reasons th a t
are m entioned.

provide better care for the elderly. ____

a

more houses need to be b u ilt

HU

b

older people spend less money

LD

c

a sm aller proportion o f the population is at work

[U

d

taxes go up

e
f

healthcare costs are higher
they all require free games consoles

□

Ch a l l e n g e !
W rite three sentences com paring the situ a tio n described in
the te x t w ith the situ a tio n in your country,

[U

□

Flossie Chambers, 89, playing ten pin bowling

W h en I’ m 64 ...

retired. ____

6 Three quarters o f people say they would pay more tax to

In 2007, a British newspaper reported that elderly
residents o f the Sunrise Senior Living Centre were addicted
to the N intendo W ii. Apparently, the craze started when
one of the chefs brought in a console that belonged to his
son. Residents aged betw een 80 and 103 enjoyed playing
the gam es so m uch that they dem anded that staff buy one
immediately.
However, ‘good new s’ stories related to the care of the
elderly are rare. Britain does not have a good record when
it com es to caring for its elderly citizens. W hile in m any
other countries, older people often live w ith their children,
this is m uch less com m on in the UK. Over 3.5 m illion older

people in Britain live alone, and m any do not even have
regular visitors. A bout 500,000 people over 65 live in care
hom es run privately or by the state, where they may suffer

from boredom , depression and even physical m istreatm ent.
Like m ost developed nations, the UI< has an ageing
population. This is partly because families are having fewer
children, and partly because people are living longer. For the
first tim e in our history, there are m ore people in the UI< aged
over 60 than under 16.
O f course, any increase in life expectancy is good new s but
there are financial consequences. In the early 1900s when
pensions were first introduced, people at work outnum bered
pensioners by 22 to one. It was easy for the governm ent to pay
for pensions out o f taxation. However, by 2024, there will only
be three people of working age for every pensioner. Inevitably,
the working population will need to pay m ore tax to m eet the
pensions bill. The nation’s healthcare costs are also increasing
as the population grows older. A bout 50% o f all spending on
health services in the UI< is for people over the age o f 65.
Finding better ways o f caring for an ageing population is
gradually becom ing a priority in the UK. A survey in 2007
revealed that 75% o f British people w ould be prepared to pay
m ore tax in order to im prove care for the elderly (although
this is not the sam e as actually voting for a party that plans to
raise taxes). In the future, both the governm ent and families
will have to do more.

Unit 3 • From cradle to grave

I Mvi und erstand a
report about teem^ers.

4

R evision: S tudent’ s Book page 3 0 -3 1

1

Choose the correct answers.
1 The Youth Review was carried out by

Complete the adjectives in these sentences.

A the Government.
1 Som ething or som ebody th a t is im possible to predict

B young people.

is unpredict________

C a charity, w ith support from the Government.

2 Somebody who can be trusted to behave sensibly is

D a charity, w ith support from a company.

respons___

2 According to Lily Allen, the main message from young

3 Something which is d iffic u lt to understand is

people is

confus________

A they want more opportunities.
B they don’t want to get into trouble.

4 Somebody who acts in a rational, logical way is
reason

C they don’t need more things to do.

.

D they don’t agree that there is a crisis.

5 Somebody who likes to start arguments is

3 What is the main cause o f anti-social behaviour,

argument________

6

mood^_

2

according to young people?

Somebody who changes mood all the tim e is

A Boredom.

____

B Gangs.

Complete the sentences using an appropriate tense of
the phrasal verbs in the box.
come down to
endup
storm out o f
turn into

1

get on w ith

C A lack o f inform ation.
D A lack o f detention centres.
4 What w ould the Youth Centres recommended by the

grow up

report offer to young people?

A Help w ith th e ir problems.

We did n ’t like each other at first, but w e

__

B A place to meet.

being friends.

C A place to learn.

2 A large company bought the building a n d __________it

D All o f A-C.
5 What w ould be the purpose o f electing Young Mayors,

a superm arket
3 It’ s d ifficu lt t o

____

according to the text?

myw ork when people

A It would help teach young people how the political

keep phoning me.

system works.

4 I was born in London, but I ______________ in the

B It would allow laws to be passed giving young people

countryside.
5 Finding a good place to live o fte n ___________

6

Sophie

________

free public transport.

luck.

C It would give young people a voice in the community.

the office when her boss

D It would make young people th in k more seriously

accused her o f stealing.

•-

about the issues that affect them.

.
5

)

Read the article. Choose the best summ ary o f the report’ s
conclusions: a, b or c.
a The government needs to provide more money so that
teenagers are less bored and more involved in th e ir
com m unities.
b Most teenagers are valuable members o f the community,
but the government needs to focus on the small m inority

Explain the significance of these figures from the text.
80%
The- percentage- of teenagers who sa>( the>( have- nothing to do and
nowhere to go.__________________________________________________

1

16,000

2 12 %

who become involved in crime,
c There are enough recreational facilities for young people,
but more money needs to be spent on dealing with the
consequences o f teenage crime.

3 62%
4 £13 billion
5 £1.6 billion

6

Unit 3 • From cradle to grave

£35,000


Youth Review

The Review is calling for an urgent transformation of support
for teenagers. It recommends a programme of government
investment and action to provide positive opportunities for all

New statistics show that, as schools in Britain prepare to

young people, with early support and intervention for troubled

break up for the holidays, over 1 million teenagers could be

teenagers to prevent difficulties escalating.

wandering the streets because there is nowhere else to go.

The key recommendations are:

The year-long enquiry consulted 16,000 UK teenagers and

• A Youth Centre in every community providing dedicated

recommends radical action to transform their lives, including a

spaces for young people to meet, as well as access

‘youth hub’ in every community to tackle anti-social behaviour

to music, creative arts, sports, classes and specialist

and crime.
The Review, undertaken by children’s charity 4Children and

intervention and support for teenagers in difficulty.
• Mobile Intervention Teams to work in areas of high

supported by Nestlé, comes at a time of unprecedented

deprivation and unrest - offering teenagers specialist and

debate about the welfare of young people in the UK - with
statistics demonstrating worrying trends in all aspects of

positive support.
• Action on bullying and a new Victim Support scheme for

teenagers’ lives from risky behaviour to youth-on-youth
violence and anti-social behaviour. Researchers spent 12

young people who have been the victims of crime.
• Young Mayors elected in every area to give teenagers

months touring each region of the country and consulting over
16,000 teenagers of all ages to find out what life is truly like

representation and a say in their community.
• Free public transport and leisure for all young people under

for young people today in the UK and how they themselves
believe that improvements can be made.

18 to ensure access for all.
Oona King, Chair of the Review said: ‘Growing up can be tough

Publicising the report today, pop star and youth icon Lily Allen

and we are simply not doing enough to help the next generation

said: ‘ I want to see a new start for teenagers in communities

to flourish. On average we spend 17p for each young person

where they have nothing to do, nowhere to go and nowhere

per day on youth services and this has to change. Young people

to call their own. The Youth Review has consulted 16,000

need to be a part of our communities otherwise we spend

teenagers across the country and their message was clear:

billions dealing with the consequences of anti-social behaviour,

they said to give young people more of a stake in communities

crime and violence.’

and give us more opportunities. The number of teenagers who
go off the rails is a problem for us all and instead of helping
them only after they’re in crisis we need to stop them getting
into trouble in the first place.'

The enquiry discovered:
• Young people were fearful for their own safety, with 60% of
young people in deprived areas becoming victims of crime
in their community.
• 80% of young people said they had nowhere to go and
nothing to do outside school and hung around on the
streets as a result.
• 70% of teenagers said that, in their opinion, young people

"

-

'

■

. ,-

,

■

got involved in anti-social behaviour because they were
bored.

Ch a l l e n g e !

• More than 70% of 1 1 -1 6 year olds said that they have

How could th e governm ent im prove th e lives o f young
people where you live? Make three recom m endations.

witnessed anti-social behaviour over the last year, whilst
12% of young people belong to a gang.

1

• 62% said that they did not know where to go to get help or

.........

information if they needed it.

2

• Youth crime costs up to £13 billion per year compared to
£1.6 billion spent by the government on positive prevention

3

and youth programmes. It costs £35,000 to put a young
person in a detention centre for a year.

—

J

V

Unit 3 • From cradle to grave