INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CULTURE, STRATEGY AND BEHAVIOR

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INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CULTURE, STRATEGY AND BEHAVIOR
TEST
PART I: Multiple Choice Questions (60 points) (circle the right answer)
A. True/False Questions (10 points)
1. The word "culture" comes from the Latin cultural, which is related to cult of worship.
A. True
B. False
2. The characteristic trans-generational means that culture has structure and is integrated; a
change in one part will bring changes in another.
A. True
B. False
3. According to the text, in Japan, the top cultural priority is independence.
A. True
B. False
4. A major dimension in the study of culture is values.
A. True
B. False
5. Increasingly, individual rewards are an accepted norm in countries across the globe.
A. True
B. False
6. Countries with low uncertainty-avoidance cultures have a great deal of structuring of
organizational activities, more written rules, less risk-taking by managers, lower labor
turnover and less ambitious employees.
A. True
B. False
7. Universalism is the belief that ideas and practices can be applied everywhere without
modification.

A. True
B. False
8. United Kingdom is considered a high-neutral culture.
A. True
B. False


9. A specific culture is a culture in which both public and private space arc similar in size and
individuals guard their public space carefully, because entry into public space affords entry
into private space as well.
A. True
B. False
10. An achievement culture is a culture in which status is attributed based on who or what a
person is.
A. True
B. False
B. Multiple Choice Questions (50 points)
11. Culture is:
A. Individual
B. Acquired
C. Inherited
D. Unstructured
12. All of the following arc accurate descriptions of the main characteristics of culture except:
A. Culture is inherited or biologically based; it is not acquired by learning and
experience
B. People as members of a group, organization or society share culture; it is not
specific to a single individual
C. Culture is cumulative, passed down from one generation to the next
D. Culture is based on the human capacity to symbolize or use one thing to represent
another

13. According to the text, the highest cultural priority (or value) in the U.S. is considered as:
A. Family security
B. Belonging
C. Freedom
D. Cooperation
14. If a culture encourages stability, it means that it:
A. Is averse to formal procedures
B. Encourages innovation
C. Is resistant to change
D. Focuses on short-term horizons
15. If cultural norms do not give employees bonuses or commissions as a form of recognition, it
means that the culture:
A. Encourages stability
B. Is informal
C. Is high on organizational loyalty
D. Frowns upon individual rewards
16. In the graphic representation of the model of culture, the center or heart of culture is the:


A.
B.
C.
D.

Explicit artifacts and products of the society
Norms and values that guide the society
Implicit, basic assumptions that guide people's behavior
History of a nation and the resulting norms of behavior

17. George England, a researcher in the area of culture and values, found that personal value

systems are:
A. Relatively stable and do not change rapidly
B. Relatively stable but change rapidly
C. Relatively unstable and change rapidly
D. Relatively unstable and do not change rapidly
18. Which of the following is an accurate values profile of successful U.S. managers?
A. High moral orientation, highly individualistic and a strong focus on organization
compliance and competence
B. Highly pragmatic, highly individualistic and strong achievement and competence
orientation
C. Highly pragmatic, high achievement and competence orientation, an emphasis
on profit maximization, organizational efficiency and high productivity
D. Highly pragmatic, strong emphasis on size and growth and high value on
competence and achievement
19. Paternalism, measured by a manager's involvement in both personal and off-the-job
problems of subordinates is very important in:
A. The United States
B. Australia
C. Japan
D. France
20. ________ is the belief that ideas and practices can be applied everywhere in the world without
modification.
A. Particularism
B. Universalism
C. Communitarianism
D. Individualism
21. ________ is the belief that circumstances dictate how ideas and practices should be applied.
A. Universalism
B. Individualism
C. Communitarianism

D. Particularism
22. In his early research, Trompenaars found that in countries such as United States, Australia,
Germany, Sweden and the United Kingdom there was high:
A. Particularism
B. Communitarianism
C. Universalism
D. Specificism


23. According to Trompenaars, ________ refers to people regarding themselves as individuals,
while ________ refers to people regarding themselves as part of a group.
A. Individualism; communitarianism
B. Individualism; specificism
C. Universalism; particularism
D. Communitarianism; universalism
24. A ________ culture is one in which emotions are held in check.
A. Emotional
B. Buoyant
C. Neutral
D. Specific
25. A(n) ________ culture is one in which both public and private spare are similar in size and
individuals guard their public space carefully, because entry into public space affords entry
into private space as well.
A. Diffuse
B. Neutral
C. Emotional
D. Specific
26. Austria, the United Kingdom, the United States and Switzerland all ________ cultures.
A. Diffuse
B. Specific

C. Emotional
D. Neutral
27. A(n) ________ culture is one in which people are accorded status based on how well they
perform their functions.
A. Achievement
B. Ascription
C. Diffuse
D. Specific
28. A(n) ________ culture is one in which status is attributed based on who or what a person is.
A. Diffuse
B. Ascription
C. Specific
D. Achievement
29. Societal collectivism refers to the degree to which:
A. Individuals express pride, loyalty and cohesiveness in their organizations or families
B. Individuals in organizations or societies encourage and reward individuals for being
fair
C. Organizational and societal institutional practices encourage and reward
collective distribution of resources and collective action
D. Individuals in organizations or societies are confrontational
30. Under GLOBE analysis, which of the following countries were the most assertive?
A. Spain and U.S


B. Egypt and U.S
C. Spain and Ireland
D. Ireland and Sweden

PART II: Essay Question (40 points)
Discuss Hofstede's cultural dimensions