Lesson 1 and 2 male and female reproductive systems

Animal Reproduction
Lesson 1 – Male Reproductive System
Lesson 2 – Female Reproductive System


Which one of the following management
practices will make a producer the most
money?

 Nutrition & Feeding Programs
 Facilities Set-up
 Disease and Illness Control
 Reproduction


Let’s Think About it….
Put on those Thinking Caps

 30 Cow Herd
 80% Calf Crop
 24 Calves

 30 Cow Herd
 90% Calf Crop
 27 Calves

 Sell Calves at 500
pounds for $2.50
per pound.

 Sell Calves at 500

pounds for $2.50
per pound.

 $30,000 Income

 $33,750 Income


Why else do we study Animal
Reproduction? Well which heifer do you
want on your farm?


What is another reason we study
animal reproduction?


The 3 main reasons we study
Animal Reproduction:
 Increase income because we have more
offspring
 Make genetic improvements
 Identify reproductive problems


OK….I know it is important to study
animal reproduction, but who is more
important….the male or female?
 Male






Physically mount the
female for breeding
Produce large amounts
of sperm
Contribute 50% of the
offspring’s genetic
makeup
Able to breed multiple
females in a short
period of time.

 Female









Physically stand for the
male
Produce 1 or more eggs
for fertilization
Contribute 50% of the

offspring’s genetic
makeup
Provide a safe site for
fertilization
Nurture the egg as it
grows into an embryo
then fetus
Give birth to the
offspring
Produce colostrum and
milk for offspring
Protect offspring from
predators


Lesson 1 – Male Reproduction
What do you notice about the
following animals?


Reproductive System of the Bull

Prostate Gland

Cowper’s Gland

Seminal Vesicles
Urinary Bladder
Vas Deferens
Penis

Sheath

Retractor Muscle
Urethra
Sigmoid Flexure
Testicle

Epididymis

Scrotum


Reproductive System of the Boar

Seminal Vesicles
Prostate Gland
Vas Deferens
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
Sigmoid Flexure
Penis

Cowper’s Gland
Retractor Muscle
Testicle
Epididymis
Scrotum

Sheath

Reproductive System of the Ram
Prostate Gland
Seminal Vesicles

Cowper’s Gland
Retractor Muscle

Urinary Bladder
Urethra
Penis
Sheath
Epididymis
Scrotum

Sigmoid Flexure
Vas Deferens
Testicle


Reproductive System of the Stallion

Seminal Vesicles
Prostate Gland
Urinary Bladder
Vas Deferens
Urethra

Cowper’s Gland
Retractor Muscle

Testicle
Scrotum

Sheath
Penis

Epididymis


Reproductive System of the Dog

Prostate

Retractor Muscle

Urinary Bladder

Urethra
Epididymis

Vas Deferens
Prepuce

Penis

Scrotum

Testicle

Reproductive System of the Rabbit

Prostate
Urethra

Seminal
Vesicles
Urinary
Bladder
Vas Deferens
Scrotum

Penis
Prepuce

Testicle

Epididymis


For the most part….they all have
the same reproductive parts.
 Testicles – produce sperm and the hormone
testosterone
 Scrotum – holds testicles, regulates
temperature
 Sperm must be below body temperature
 Epididymis – Stores sperm until use
 Vas deferens – connection tube
 Urethra – carries sperm & urine to the penis

Reproductive parts continued…
Sperm now becomes semen
 Seminal Vesicles – fluid to protect the
sperm
 Prostate Gland – milky fluid to nourish
sperm
 Cowper’s Gland – fluid cleans urine out of
penis
 Sigmoid Flexure – muscle extends penis out
of body


Reproductive parts continued…
 Retractor Muscle – pulls penis back into the
body
 Penis – deposits semen into female and
excretes urine
 Sheath/Prepuse – external skin which
protects the penis


Bull Reproductive Tract


Structure of the Testicle
 Cryptorchid – no
testicles
 Monorchid – one

testicle


Structure of the Penis
What causes
ejaculation?
 Bull – temperature
 Ram - ??
 Boar – pressure
 Stallion – nerves


Collecting Semen in Stallion &
Bull
 cov
ery.com/tvshows/dirtyjobs/videos/hors
e-breeding.htm

 t
ube.com/watch?
v=9ryKkm6oF4g
 t
ube.com/watch?
v=qgf6h588v-I



How much semen is produced &
useable during AI

Review from last week- Bell work
 What did you learn?
 What was the most interesting thing?
 Review the male swine anatomy while you
wait. (hint, hint)


Male Reproductive Hormones

 GnRH – controls pituitary
gland
 LH – produces
testosterone
 FSH – 1 hormone needed
to produce sperm
 *Testosterone – other
hormone needed to
produce sperm & cause
body to change and
develop libido