Đề mẫu phần đọc hiểu thi công chức tỉnh quảng ngãi môn tiếng anh đợt 2

READING COMPREHENSION (10)
C1. The main elements required for survival are food, fire, shelter and water.
Their order of importance will depend upon where you happen to be. In the
desert, water will head the list.Water is the most common liquid on Earth. It
covers about 71.4% of the Earth. Pure water has no smell, taste, or color. Water
is the main component of drinks like milk, juice, and wine. Water is very
important for life but it is something that most people in the modern world take
for granted. They are so used to turning on a tap that until an extreme drought
causes water rationing they seldom think about it. Yet the survivor at sea, or
after a flood, though surrounded by water, may be desperate for drinkable water.
And there are many places where, unless it rains, no obvious water is available.
Although there could be other survival necessities to deal with, water is always
universally important.
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C2.Solar collectors absorb heat from the sun’s rays. They can be used to
effectively heat and cool buildings. The most common type of collector for
space heating is a flat plate designed to absorb both radiation falling directly on
it, as well as radiation scattered by the atmosphere. Collectors are usually panels
of aluminum, copper, or steel. The collector is covered with glass or plastic. This
layer allows short-wave radiation or light to enter the collector. As the radiation
passes through the glass or plastic, it is transformed from short-wave radiation to
long-wave radiation – or heat. A transfer agent (air or water) is circulated
through the collector and becomes heated. As it leaves the collector and travels
through the heating ducts of a house, it warms the air inside the house or brings
hot water to sinks, tubs, and appliances. With solar collectors, storage is a
problem: great amounts of heat must be stored for nighttime use and for use
during cloudy days.
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C3. When you visit a supermarket you probably think you know exactly what
you are going to buy, but the truth is you are very easily persuaded. Over half
the decisions you make are made suddenly, on impulse, while you are inside the

store, so it is important that a product is displayed in an eye-catching position if
it is to have any chance of success. Today’s supermarkets invest millions of
pounds in powerful computer, which tell them what product sells best and
where. “Space management” is the name given to a highly complicated way of
influencing the way we shop to make sure that stores make the maximum profit.
You walk into a supermarket. You pull out a trolley and stare up and down row
after row of packed shelves. You step out into the aisles. You are faced with
possibly the widest choice of food and drink in the world. But over the next hour
or so, you will shop in a completely predictable way. This is what the space
management teams who work for supermarkets have found out. They believe
that everything depends on the following rules about our behavior in
supermarket.
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C4.Fires play an important role in the natural changes that occur in Earth's
ecosystems. The diversity of plant and animal life in the world's forests, prairies,
and wetlands is (partly) dependent on the effects of fire.It results when matter
burns beyond its combustion point and it releases energy in form of heat
energy.Fire has been important for the survival of man in the following ways.
Firstly, fire is used for cooking food.Most of the food we eat is usually cooked.
Eating raw food has been in the decrease due to health concerns. Secondly, fire
is used for boiling water. Water is another important part of our life. Most of the
water sources like rivers are not protected and this creates chances of water
contamination. Boiling, instead of use of chemicals in water treatment will save
you the side effects which come along with excessive use of chemicals. For
many other reasons, fire is important to human’s life.
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C5. In the 16th century, Ferdinand Magellan led the first expedition to sail
around the world. As a young Portuguese noble, he served the king of Portugal.

After he was dismissed from service by the king of Portugal, he offered to serve
the future Emperor Charles V of Spain. On September 20, 1519, Magellan set
sail from Spain with five ships. More than a year later, one of these ships was
exploring the topography of South America in search of a water route across the
continent. This ship sank, but the remaining four ships searched along the
southern peninsula of South America. Finally, they found the passage they
sought near 50 degrees S latitude. Magellan named this passage the Strait of All
Saints, but today it is known as the Strait of Magellan.Later, Magellan became
involved in an insular conflict in the Philippines and was killed in a tribal battle.
Only one ship and 17 sailors under the command of the Basque navigator
Elcano survived to complete the westward journey to Spain and thus prove once
and for all that the world is round, with no precipice at the edge.
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C6.Marie Curie, who was born in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland, was one of the most
accomplished scientists in history. At an early age, she displayed a brilliant
mind.Marie was fortunate to have studied at the Sorbonne with some of the
greatest scientists of her day, one of whom was Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre
were married in 1895 and spent many productive years working together in the
physics laboratory. A short time after they discovered radium, Pierre was killed
by a horse-drawn wagon in 1906. Marie was so depressed. The fact that she had
two young daughters to raise by herself greatly increased her distress.Curie's
feeling of desolation finally began to fade when she was asked to succeed her
husband as a physics professor at the Sorbonne. She was the first woman to be
given a professorship at the world-famous university. In 1911 she received the
Nobel Prize in chemistry for isolating radium. Although Marie Curie eventually
suffered a fatal illness from her long exposure to radium, she never became
disillusioned about her work. Regardless of the consequences, she had dedicated
herself to science and to revealing the mysteries of the physical world.

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C7.Many great inventions are initially greeted with disbelief. The invention of
the airplane was no exception. Although many people who heard about the first
powered flight on December 17, 1903 were excited and impressed, others
reacted with peals of laughter. The idea of flying an aircraft was repulsive to
some people. Such people called Wilbur and Orville Wright, the inventors of the
first flying machine, impulsive fools. Negative reactions; however, did not stop
the Wrights. In 1900 and 1901, the Wrights tested numerous gliders and
developed control techniques. In 1903 the Wrights built their first airplane,
which cost less than $1,000. When they started the engine on December 17, the
airplane pulsated wildly before taking off. The plane managed to stay aloft for
12 seconds, however, and it flew 120 feet. By 1905, the Wrights were
successful. They created the first airplane that could turn, circle, and remain
airborne for half an hour at a time. This was the first plane with the full-size
machine that could fly under its own power. As the contributors of one of the
most outstanding engineering achievements in history, the Wright brothers are
accurately called the fathers of aviation.
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C8. Reading is becoming more and more important in the new knowledge
economy and remains the most effective human activity for transforming
information into knowledge.If top readers read at speeds of above 1000 words
per minute (wpm) with near 85% comprehension, they only represent 1% of
readers. Average readers are the majority and only reach around 200 wpm with a
typical comprehension of 60%.The average reader is five times slower than the
good reader. Things are even worse if we consider reading efficiency as well as
speed.There are three possible ways to improve reading. The fastest is probably
a speed reading seminar based upon good materials and animated by a dynamic
instructor.A book about speed reading is the second possibility. Such a book
usually provides speed and comprehension tests as well as techniques to
improve reading.Finally, a speed reading computer program is probably the most

efficient way to achieve top reading levels. This is the task that seminars and
speed-reading books usually leave up to the reader.
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C9. There are many reasons to use alternative energy sources. One reason is to
reduce pollutants and greenhouse gases. Alternative or renewable energy sources
help to reduce the amount of toxins that are a result of traditional energy use.
These alternative energy sources help protect against the harmful by-products of
energy use and help to preserve many of the natural resources that we currently
use as energy sources. There are many alternative energy sources: wind power,
solar power, geothermal power, and hydroelectric power are some examples.
Wind power is the ability to capture the wind in a way to propel the blades of
wind turbines. When the blades rotate, this movement is switched into electrical
current with the help of an electrical generator. In older windmills, wind energy


turned mechanical machinery to do the physical work like crushing grain to
make bread or pumping water to get water. Wind towers are built on wind farms,
and usually there are several towers built together. Wind towers are built on
windfarms, and usually there are several towers built together. In2005, the
worldwide use of wind-powered generators wasless than 1% of all of the
electricity use combined.
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C10. Solar energyis an important source of renewable energy and its
technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar
depending on how they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into
solar power. It is used for heating, cooking, making electricity, and even taking
salt out of saltwater so the water can be drinkable and used for additional
purposes that do not need the salt. Solar power uses sunlight that hits the solar
thermal panels to convert the sunlight to heat either air or water. Other methods
of using solar power include simply opening up blinds or shades and letting

thesunlight pass into the room or using some type of mirror to eat water and
produce steam. One advantage of solar power is that it is renewable. As long as
there is sunlight, you will be able to harness the power from it. There is also no
pollution and it can be used efficiently to heat and light things. You can see the
benefits of solar energy in heating swimming pools, spas, and water tanks in
many cities across the country.
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C11. Geothermal means ‘earth heat’. Geothermal energy is heat energy is
generated and stored in the Earth. Hot rocks under the ground help to heat water
to produce steam. If holes are dug in this area of the ground, then the steam
shoots up and is purified and used to drive turbines, which in turn gives power to
electric generators.Thermal energy determines the temperature of matter. The
geothermal energy of the Earth's crust originates from the original formation of
the planet and from radioactive decay of materials. The advantages of this type
of energy is that there are no harmful by-products, it is self-sufficient once the
geothermal plant is built, and the plants are generally small so there is no
negative visual effect on the area surrounding the plant.The geothermal gradient,
which is the difference in temperature between the core of the planet and its
surface, drives a continuous conduction of thermal energy in the form of heat
from the core to the surface.
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C12. Hydroelectric energy comes from the potential energy of water that is
dammed up supplies energy to a water turbine and generator. Another example
of hydroelectric energy is to make use of tidal power. Today, electric generators
can be powered by hydro-power that can run backwards as a motor to pump
water for later use. An advantage is that you can control the use of the energy by
controlling the water. You can also generate water all the time as there are no
outside forces that prevent this from happening. Furthermore, there is no
pollution in using this type of energy. In fact, you can reuse the water that is
used for hydroelectric power. Thedisadvantages are that dams are expensive to

build and maintain. There also needs to be a powerful enough supply of water in
the area to produce energy.
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C13. A job, or occupation, is a person's role in society. More specifically, a job is
an activity, often regular and often performed in exchange for payment for a
living. Many people have multiple jobs (e.g., parent, homemaker, and
employee). An activity that requires a person's mental or physical effort is work
(as in ‘a day's work’). The two may differ in that one usually retires from their
career, versus resignation or termination from a job.Most people spend up to
forty or more hours each week in paid employment. Jobs can be categorized as
paid or unpaid. Examples of unpaid jobs include volunteer, homemaker, mentor,
student, and sometimes intern.Jobs can be categorized by the level of experience
required: entry level, intern, and co-op.Some jobs require specific training or an
academic degree.Those without paid full-time employment may be categorized
as unemployed or underemployed if they are seeking a full-time paid job.
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C14.If standard of living is your number one objective, quality of life almost
never improves. But if quality of life is your number one objective, standard of
living invariably improves. Life can be overwhelming.The tough times can seem
overbearing. Usually, we want to throw our hands up in silent resignation and
utter the words, ‘I give up’. However, you can improve the quality of your life
by making a few small adjustments to your routines by altering your behavior
and your way of thinking. And keep in mind that you’re not alone; we all go
through long periods of frustration, anxiety, fear, upset, and worry.It’s not
difficult to overcome some of our natural tendencies to slip into a state of
marginal depression. Sometimes, life doesn’t turn out the way we want it to. By
improving our habits, we can improve the quality of our lives on multiple
spectrums.

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C15. Quality of life, as defined here, is the sum total of your health, happiness,
vitality, leisure, and income. This formulaic approach helps to paint a better
picture of the overall quality that people are subjected to. Yet, many people
simply define their quality of life by the amount of money they have. Now,
money does make the world go round. People with access to money and
resources can most certainly improve many areas of their lives. But studies
proved that those same people aren’t statistically that much happier. An increase
in income only equates to a temporary improvement of happiness. Eventually,
happiness levels baseline again. Think about it in your past. Maybe you received
promotion you were hoping for or you landed a dream job. For a short period,
you were happy. But it was fleeting. Happiness doesn’t last forever when it
comes to monetary gains, and it’s not the full picture. While money does give
you access to ‘things,’ there’s a reason why the saying ‘The best things in life
are free,’ exists.
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C16. In 1971, 2 behavioral psychologists, Donald T. Campbell and Phillip


Brickman, coined the term, ‘Hedonic Treadmill,’ also known as ‘Hedonic
Adaptation.’ The term makes reference to the natural tendencies for humans to
revert back to a set point of happiness after major changes – either positive or
negative – to their lives. The Hedonic Set Point, then, is a baseline of happiness
that we all have, which we tend to revert to, even after things like a traumatic
event or a major windfall of cash through say a lottery winning. In a study
published by Campbell and Brickman, they showed that both lottery winners
and paraplegics all returned to a baseline level of happiness some time after the
event. They further argue that we all have a baseline Hedonic Set Point, which is
determined through hereditary means and experiential knowledge. And,
although the baseline level of happiness might be different for everyone, the

concept is very important to understanding the root of happiness and improving
the quality of your life.
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C17. Studying abroad may be one of the most beneficial experiences for a
college student. By studying abroad, students have the opportunity to study in a
foreign nation and take in the allure and culture of a new land. Here is a list of
the top 10 reasons to study abroad! The biggest reason you should consider a
study abroad program is the opportunity to see the world. By studying abroad,
you will experience a brand-new country with incredible new outlooks, customs
and activities. The benefits of studying abroad include the opportunity to see
new terrains, natural wonders, museums and landmarks of your host nation. In
addition, when you’re abroad, you won’t be limited to traveling in just the nation
in which you are studying – you can see neighboring countries as well! For
example, if you study in France, you’ll have the option to travel through various
parts of Europe including London , Barcelona , and Rome.
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C18.When people's standard of living increase, they often think about improving
their knowledge for a better life. To do that, they choose to study in developed
countries where they can get progressive education. However, everything has its
advantages and disadvantages, studying abroad is not an exception. In my
opinion, I think studying abroad is the beat way to improve ourselves. As you
know, there are obvious advantages to study abroad. Firstly, we have chance to
improve our language. Furthermore, we have opportunities to study the new
technologies and most recent science achievements. In addition, we are
equipped with the valuable and updated knowledge, which may help us find jobs
easily after graduating. However, studying abroad is often expensive. Last but
not least, adapting to a new environment is a real challenge for every foreign
student. While studying abroad offers great opportunities for a better future, it
also has challenges that we must try our best to overcome what happened to
make our dream come true. Therefore, if you have a chance I think you should

take that chance to study abroad.
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C19. Everyday we have to make decisions about what kind of food we want to


eat and what kind of nutrition every food product will provide. It’s the
nutritional choices that we make every day that will determine how healthy we
will be in the long run. Too much food can make us obese, while too little
nutrition can lead to malnourishment. The right foundation to good health is to
choose food products that are rich in nutrients and have a balanced amount of
nutrients like vitamins, minerals, protein, carbohydrates and a little bit of fat as
well. If you choose your foods wisely, you will be able to enjoy the experience
of eating, as the right foods will help you remain healthy. You must choose food
products that nourish your body. Some of the foods that you want to include in
your meals are whole grains that are rich in fiber, lean meats, poultry, fish, eggs,
beans and nuts; low-fat yogurt, milk and cheese; bright and colorful vegetables,
as research indicates that a variety of colorful veggies contain a broad spectrum
of essential nutrients, and fruits; and, fresh fruit juice without additives or sugar.
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C20.What is Diet? In the simplest terms, your diet is what you eat. Any diet
consists of two main aspects: what you eat and how much of it? To maintain a
healthy weight, medical and nutritional authorities have prepared a nutrition
food chart that gives the list of foods that are essential for the body as well as the
amount of nutrients that we need to consume in order to remain healthy. When
you are trying to lose weight or maintain a healthy weight, it is important that
you give due consideration to both the quality and the quantity of your diet. The
importance of food and nutrition cannot be stressed enough. Our bodies are
made up of various cells and organs. All of these require nutrition in order to
function normally. The importance of nutrition can be assessed by the simple
fact that if we do not get proper nutrition, the body begins to wear out and shows

signs of neglect. The importance of food in health simply cannot be stressed
enough. There is an age old adage that says ‘you are what you eat’. This is
indeed true. Your body constitution changes when you change your diet. Food
not only impacts our physical appearance and our physical health but also the
way we think and behave.
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