Advanced reading power TB KEY

TEACHER’S GUIDE with ANSWER KEY

Beatrice S. Mikulecky
Linda Jeffries


Advanced Reading Power:
Extensive Reading, Vocabulary Building, Comprehension Skills, Reading Faster
Teacher’s Guide with Answer Key
Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
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Answer Key

Part 1: Extensive Reading
UNIT 3: Reading and Discussing
Fiction

Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.

Exercise 2, page 18

Main characters:
Margot: a thin, pale, quiet girl, who feels
different from the other children and
does not play with them
William: the class bully, who resents Margot
and mistreats her because she is different
The teacher: not clearly characterized, but
distant and not very involved in the class
or concerned about the children
The other children: typical nine-year-olds,
easily persuaded by William to gang up
against Margot
Setting (time): in the future
Setting (place): at a school on the planet
Venus
Exercise 3, page 19

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

f.

11
2
10
1
3
5

g.
h.
i.
j.
k.

4
6
8
9
7

Exercise 4, pages 19–20

A.
There can be more than one interpretation to
a story like this, so alternative answers are
possible. Answers based on two
interpretations are shown below. Other
answers are possible if students can justify
them. The students do not have to use all of

items a–k

Interpretation Interpretation
#1
#2
b, d
b, d, h, i, j, k

Exposition
Complicating
action
e, g
Climax
f
Resolution
a, c
(Answers will vary for parts B

e, g, f
c
a
and C.)

Exercise 5, pages 20–21

A.
(Other answers are also possible.)
1. b. thousands upon thousands of days
compounded and filled from one end
to the other with rain

c. a thousand forests had been crushed
under the rain and grown up a
thousand times to be crushed again
d. It was the color of rubber and ash, this
jungle, from the many years without
the sun.
2. b. the rain had washed out the blue from
her eyes and the red from her mouth
and the yellow from her hair
c. an old photograph dusted from an
album, whitened away
d. if she spoke at all her voice would be a
ghost
3. b. the children pressed to each other like
so many roses, so many weeds
c. they turned on themselves like a
feverish wheel, all tumbling spokes
d. wildly, like animals escaped from their
caves, they ran and ran in shouting
circles
4. b. He gave her a shove.
c. he seized her roughly
d. The boy gave her another push.

Answer Key

29


Part 2: Vocabulary Building

UNIT 1: Strategies for Building
a Powerful Vocabulary
Exercises 1, 2, pages 26–27

(Answers will vary.)
Exercise 3, page 28

1. three
2. adjective
3. You probably are worried that your
teacher will find something wrong.
4. a piece of paper
5. Answers will vary.
6. on the first syllable
7. scrubbed
Exercise 4, page 30

(Answers will vary.)

UNIT 2: Learning New Words
from Your Reading
Example, pages 31–32

A.
3. F
4. T
(Answers will vary for parts B and C.)
Exercise 1, pages 32–33

A.

1. T
2. F
3. T 4. F
(Answers will vary for parts B–D.)

30

Answer Key

Exercise 2, pages 34–35

A.
1. F
2. F
3. T
4. F
(Answers will vary for parts B–D.)

UNIT 3: Inferring Meaning from
Context
Exercise 1, page 37

A.
(Answers will vary.)
B.
drenched: completely wet
thrust: to push someone or something
somewhere with a sudden or violent
movement
Exercise 2, pages 37–38

A.
(Answers will vary.)
B.
tamper: to change something without
permission, especially in order to
damage it
forlorn: sad and lonely
Exercise 3, page 38

A.
(Answers will vary.)
B.
woes: the problems and troubles affecting
someone
abducted: taken away illegally and by force;
kidnapped
Exercise 4, page 40

A.
a. Part of speech: noun
Definition: 2
b. Part of speech: verb
Definition: 1
B.
a. the idea of something that is low and
empty (with high sides)
b. the idea of doing something very
thoroughly over a period of time

Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.

5. b. a gold or a yellow crayon or a coin
large enough to buy the world with
c. a warmness, like a blushing in the face
d. the sun on their cheeks like a warm iron
6. b. the sweet crystal fall of showers
c. the concussion of storms so heavy they
were tidal waves come over the islands
d. the tatting drum, the endless shaking
down of clear bead necklaces upon the
roof
7. b. blazing blue tile color
c. amazing blueness
d. darkened into midnight


Exercise 5, pages 40–41

Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.

A.
a. 1
b. 4
c. 3
d. 6
B.
the idea of something that is level and then
changes to a new position, literally or
figuratively

Exercise 6, page 41

A.
a. 3
b. 5
c. 2
d. 1
B.
the idea of movement or change
Exercise 7, pages 42–43

A.
1. a. verb
b. they tried to zep all the guns; the
Germans zepped radios as well
c. seize, take away
2. a. verb
b. electronic signs along roads that zop
drivers about dangers or problems
ahead; drivers are zopped about the
condition of the road; Do these systems
work better to zop drivers
c. warn
Exercise 8, page 43

A.
1. a. noun
b. there were large dreels that went back
and forth; when the dreel arrived;
jumped into the dreel as it pulled out

c. ferryboat
2. a. noun
b. where they could be a zeem for
enemies on the roofs; a sharpshooter
might decide it was time for zeem

practice—and they rarely missed their
zeem
c. target
Exercise 9, page 45

A.
1. verb
2. it could be so thoroughly substantiated
that there would be no room to doubt its
validity
3. no room to doubt its validity, proof of my
contention, imperative for me to prove
B.
(Answers will vary.)
C.
proven
Exercise 10, page 46

A.
(Answers will vary.)
B.
1. set of beliefs
2. tools, instruments
3. was very popular and well-developed

UNIT 4: Word Parts
Exercise 1, pages 48–49

(Students’ definitions will vary.)
A.
1. Word: manual
Root: manus
Dictionary definition: involving the use of
the hands
2. Word: reverse
Root: versum
Dictionary definition: to go backwards, in
the opposite direction
3. Word: located
Root: locatum
Dictionary definition: to be in a particular
place
4. Word: predict
Root: dictus
Dictionary definition: to say that
something will happen before it happens
5. Word: annual
Root: annus
Dictionary definition: happening once
a year
Answer Key

31

Word from Related
part A
word
reverse
revert
vision

visualize

manual

manipulate

annual

anniversary

dictator

dictation

located

local

Definition of
related word
to go back to a previous
condition or habit

to form a picture of
something in your mind
to make someone do
what you want by
deceiving or influencing
them
a date on which
something special or
important happened in a
previous year
the act of saying words
for someone to write
down
connected with a
particular place or area

7. Word: meter
Root: metron
Dictionary definition: a machine that
measures and shows the amount of
something you have used
B.
Word from
part A
pathetic

Related
word
sympathy

geography

geocentric

chronological

chronicle

logical

dialogue

gender

gene

meter

metric

biologist

biodegradable

Exercise 2, pages 50–51

(Students’ definitions will vary.)
A.
1. Word: pathetic
Root: pathos

Dictionary definition: making you feel
pity or sympathy
2. Word: gender
Root: genos
Dictionary definition: the fact of being
male or female
3. Word: biologists
Root: bios
Dictionary definition: person who
scientifically studies living things
4. Word: logical
Root: logos
Dictionary definition: seeming reasonable
and sensible
5. Word: geography
Root: geo
Dictionary definition: the study of the
countries, oceans, rivers, mountains, etc.,
of the earth
6. Word: chronological Root: chronos
Definition: arranged according to when
something happened

32

Answer Key

Definition of
related word
the feeling of being

sorry for someone
who is in a bad
situation
having the Earth as
the central point
a written record of
events, especially
historical events,
written in the order
in which they
happened
a conversation in a
book, play, or movie
a small part of a cell
that controls the
development of
qualities that have
been passed on to a
living thing from its
parents
using or relating to
the metric system of
weights and
measures
capable of being
broken down by
biological agents,
especially bacteria

Exercise 3, pages 52–53

A.
1. uncle
2. normal
3. inspire
4. diskette
(Answers will vary for parts B and C.)
Exercise 4, pages 53–54

A.
1. unimportant
2. biology
3. trial

Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.

6. Word: dictator
Root: dictus
Dictionary definition: a ruler who has
complete power over a country
B.


4. quality
5. central
6. money
7. durable
(Answers will vary for parts B and C.)

Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.

Exercise 5, pages 54–55

A.
1. pretty
2. reason
3. poster
4. primrose
(Answers will vary for parts B and C.)
Exercise 6, pages 55–56

A.
1. comma
2. interest
3. syringe
4. exercise
5. subject
6. teller
7. superb
8. contract
(Answers will vary for parts B and C.)
Exercise 7, pages 57–58

1. endurance; the ability to suffer difficulties
or pain with strength and patience
2. competence; the ability and skill to do
what is needed
3. organizer; someone who makes the
necessary arrangements so that an activity
can happen

4. conqueror; someone who takes control of
a land or country by attacking people or
fighting a war
5. discussion; the act of talking about
something with someone or a group in
order to exchange ideas or decide
something
6. deletion; the act or process of removing
something from a piece of writing or from
a computer

7. mysticism; the belief that there is a
hidden meaning in life or that each
human being can unite with God
8. commitment; a promise to do something
or to behave in a particular way
9. effectiveness; the extent to which an
intended result is produced
10. restriction; something that limits or
controls what you can do or what is
allowed to happen

Exercise 8, pages 58–59

1. conceivable; able to be believed or
imagined
2. seasonal; happening or needed only at a
particular time of year
3. bountiful; generous
4. angelic; seemingly good, kind, and gentle,

or behaving in this way
5. monotonous; boring because there is no
variety
6. devious; using tricks or lies to get what
you want
7. suggestive; reminding you of something
8. panicky; very nervous or anxious
9. strategic; done as part of a plan
10. lawless; not obeying the law, or not
controlled by the law

Exercise 9, page 59

1. validate; to prove that something is
true or correct, or to make a document
official
2. justify; to give an acceptable explanation
or reason for something
3. customize; to change something to make
it more appropriate for you
4. equate; to consider that one thing is the
same as something else
5. quantify; to measure something and
express it as a number
6. economize; to reduce the amount of
money, time, goods, etc., that you use
Answer Key

33

1. harmonize; verb; to make two things work
well or look well together
2. environmental; adjective; concerning or
affecting the air, land, or water on Earth
3. differentiate; verb; to recognize or express
the difference between things or people
4. ethnic; adjective; relating to a particular
race, nation, or tribe and their customs
and traditions
5. qualitative; adjective; relating to the
quality or standard of something, rather
than amount or number
6. optional; adjective; if something is
optional, you do not have to do it or use
it
7. negate; verb; to state that something does
not exist or is not true
8. identical; adjective; exactly the same
9. precedence; noun; the condition of being
more important than other things
10. investigative; adjective; work or activities
that involve investigating something

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Definition: the fact of being more
powerful, more important, or more
noticeable than other people or things
Word: unconventional
Parts: un + convention + al
Definition: doing things one’s own way or
having different opinions from most
other people
Word: insensitive
Parts: in + sensi + tive
Definition: not noticing other people’s
feelings
Word: heroically
Parts: hero + ic + ally
Definition: with extreme bravery, like a
hero
Word: synchronized
Parts: syn + chron + ized
Definition: to make two or more watches
or clocks show exactly the same time
Word: universe
Parts: uni + verse
Definition: the whole of space, including
all the stars and planets

Exercise 11, pages 60–61

(There may be more than one word to
analyze in some senteces.)
1. Word: revise
Parts: re + vise
Definition: to change your opinions,
plans, etc., because of new information or
ideas
2. Word: telepathy
Parts: tele + pathy
Definition: the communication of
thoughts directly from one person’s mind
to someone else’s mind without speaking
or writing
3. Word: generate
Parts: gene + rate
Definition: to produce or make something
4. Word: dominance
Parts: domin + ance

34

Answer Key

UNIT 5: Collocations
Exercise 1, page 63

(Answers may vary.)
1. roughly doubled
2. in the last few years

3. a series of studies
4. research group
5. startling findings
Exercise 2, page 64

(Answers may vary.)
1. statistically less important
2. to stay in instant touch
3. around the world
4. reduced to a minimum
5. rely the most on e-mail

Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.

Exercise 10, page 60


Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.

Exercise 3, page 65

1. unreasonable assumption; started from
the assumption; rests on the further
assumption; depends on the assumption;
the shared assumption; dared to question
the assumption; the general assumption;
depends on the assumption; to question
the assumption; the fundamental
assumption
3. assumption made by; the assumption of;

the assumption that; the assumption was
that
4. Assumption is often followed by a phrase
starting with that.
Exercise 4, page 66

1. adopt a development strategy; that any
strategy; the only rational strategy; tended
to adopt a strategy; is the truly best
strategy; Its new strategy; a successful
strategy; do not fit in the long-term
strategy; plan a date and a strategy; The
winning strategy; this is a reasonable
strategy; According to the regional
strategy
2. Certain verbs are used such as adopt, fit
in, plan. Adjectives are used to describe
the strategy: development, rational, truly
best, successful, long-term, reasonable,
regional.
3. strategy away from dependence; strategy
could achieve; strategy for either of us;
strategy for sampling the stimuli; strategy
in a more general; strategy is called;
strategy is one that; strategy of the group;
strategy for the return; strategy
remarkably, was the simplest; strategy
since it tends to cut down energy; strategy
the government aims to
4. Strategy is often followed by a preposition:

away from, for, in. It can be followed by a
verb: achieve, is, was. It can also be
followed by a comma and a new clause.

Exercise 5, page 67

1. a relatively simple process; the most
ancient process; the political process;
not a single process; not been a smooth
process; the historical process; The
main process; enjoy the process; extend
the process; involved in the process; it is
this process; is part of the process; been
a gradual process
2. Process is often preceded by an adjective:
relatively simple, most ancient, political,
single, smooth, historical, main, gradual.
Process can be preceded by certain verbs:
enjoy, extend, involved in.
3. process and divides the egg; process and
one which continues; process and
understand what this; process as we
know; process. During the preceding fifty;
process has been very widely discussed;
process is competition; process of change;
process of dying through the use; process
of production; process of revision; process
of understanding and; process. Various
stories lend
4. Process can be followed by a comma or

period and a new clause or sentence. It
can be followed by a prepositional phrase
with of. It can be followed by certain
verbs: be discussed, is.

Exercise 6, page 68

1. understand what sense-perception;
motion and sense perception; the
problem of visual perception; beyond
direct perception; and that where this
perception; whose theories of perception;
not just a matter of my own perception;
influence upon the popular perception;
relationship between their perception;
depends on the public’s perception; there
is a widespread perception; based on the
general perception

Answer Key

35


Exercise 7, page 69

(Answers may vary.)
1. unreasonable, further, shared,
fundamental
2. rational, successful, long-term, winning,

regional
3. political, single, smooth, historical, main,
gradual
4. visual, direct, popular, public’s,
widespread, general

Exercise 9, page 70

(Answers may vary. Possible answers:)
1. make the, start from the, rest on the,
depend on the, question the
2. adopt a, fit in a, plan a
3. cause a, extend a, be involved in a
4. deal with the, depend on the, based on
the
Exercise 10, page 71

(Answers may vary. Possible answers:)
1. depends on, is based on
2. starts, is part of, is included in
3. develop, adopt
4. make, question
5. was based on, rested on
6. developed, adopted
7. be involved in, be part of, be included in
8. made, questioned

Part 3: Comprehension
Skills
UNIT 1: Previewing

Exercise 1, pages 75–76

1. how dictionaries are written
2. explanation
3. from lots of examples of real use of the
word
4. A dictionary writer is a collector (of
examples) and a recorder (of meanings).
5. No, the meanings of words can change.
6. (Answers will vary.)

Exercise 8, pages 69–70

(Answers may vary. Possible answers:)
1. general, fundamental, popular
2. fundamental, public’s, widespread
3. regional, long-term, winning, successful
4. gradual, smooth
5. visual
6. smooth
7. historical, fundamental, basic
8. long-term, regional

36

Answer Key

Exercise 2, page 77

1.

2.
3.
4.

16
(Answers will vary.)
(Answers will vary.)
Glossary, Name Index, Subject Index

Exercise 3, page 78

1. Socialization
(Answers will vary for questions 2–5.)

Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.

2. Perception is often part of a prepositional
phrase: the problem of, beyond, theories of, a
matter of, influence upon, relationship
between. It can also be preceded by a
phrasal verb: depends on, based on. It is
often preceded by an adjective: sense,
visual, direct, this, own, popular, public’s,
widespread, general.
3. perception actually is; perception and is
laid out; perception as a particular
difficulty; perception. But he is not;
perception is lacking; perception involved
both material things; perception. It was
definitely; perception of Islam; perception

of the good of the state; perception of
what life imprisonment; perception
recorded in the surveys of; perception
that pre-1939 aviation was
4. Perception is sometimes followed by a
prepositional phrase with of. It can be
followed by a comma or period and a new
clause or sentence. Certain verbs can be
used after it: involved, recorded.


Exercise 9, pages 86–87

6. Summary, Key Concepts, CriticalThinking Questions
Exercise 4, pages 79–80

Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.

1. It tells about a five-year-old girl who had
had almost no contact with people.
2. (Answers will vary.)
3. no
(Answers will vary for questions 4–5.)

1. Social Isolation
2. It is about the effects of social isolation on
monkeys and on children.
3. There are two parts: one about research
with monkeys and one about isolated
children.

4. Both the research with monkeys and the
cases of isolated children demonstrate the
harmful effects of social isolation.
5. (Answers will vary.)
Exercise 6, pages 82–83

2. T

3. F

period
authority
thus
occurrences
illustrative
tasks
original
bound by

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.

incidentally
apply

influenced
context
credited
decades
principally
reveal

UNIT 2: Making Inferences

Exercise 5, pages 80–81

1. F

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

4. T

5. T

10. a
11. a
12. b

13. c
14. a
15. c

(In many of these exercises, the answers may
vary. Any answer is acceptable if it can be
justified by evidence or conclusions that arise
from the text.)
Exercise 1, page 89

3. They don’t contain the chemical
compound.
4. Paul Breslin works at the Monell Chemical
Senses Center in Philadelphia. He and his
colleagues have discovered that extra
virgin olive oil contains a compound
called oleocanthal.
5. He is a scientist.
6. It is a scientific journal.

Exercise 7, pages 84–85

1. b
2. b
3. c

4. c
5. a
6. c

7. b
8. a
9. b

16. b

Exercise 8, page 86
Noun
authority
bind, binding
context
credit
illustration
incident, incidence
influence
occurrence
origin
period
principal
revelation

Verb
authorize
bind
contextualize
credit
illustrate
———
influence
occur

originate
———
———
reveal

Adjective
authoritative
bound
contextual
creditable
illustrative
incidental
influential
———
original
periodic
principal
revealing, revelatory

Exercise 2, page 90

1. Farmers in two states in India have
sprayed Coca-Cola on their fields instead
of chemical pesticides.
2. They are expensive.
Adverb
authoritatively
———
contextually
creditably

———
incidentally
———
———
originally
periodically
principally
revealingly

Answer Key

37


Exercise 3, pages 91–92

1. The writer has inferred that the man is
scared, probably very disturbed, and
doesn’t want his picture taken.
2. He has probably worked in a job that
requires formal clothes, such as a waiter
in a fancy restaurant or a concert
musician.
3. The fact that the labels had been cut out
seems to imply that he (or someone else)
did not want anyone to identify him.
4. It was clear to the police from the way he
looked or behaved that he needed
medical help.
5. They inferred that he was a pianist and

wanted to play the piano.
6. You can infer that he really liked playing
the piano and that when he was playing,
he could escape from the feelings or
thoughts that disturbed him.
7. They guessed that he must be from a
northern or central European country
(probably because he is blond).

38

Answer Key

8. You can infer that the doctors were
convinced that he was seriously in need
of psychiatric care.

Exercise 4, pages 92–95

1. You can infer that they were not small
and not one of the new species.
2. They inferred that it is a species of human
because it walked upright, even though
the skeleton is shaped more like that of a
chimpanzee and it had a smaller brain
than most humans.
3. Roberts has inferred that a volcanic
explosion eliminated both the pygmy
elephants and the Homo floresiensis
population of the island.

4. The writer infers that this discovery
means that other surprising discoveries
are possible, and that there may even be
other kinds of humans alive on the planet
today.
5. Animals on islands may evolve to become
much smaller or much larger than the
similar species on the mainland.
6. Inference
7. Small brain size usually belongs to a
chimpanzee, not a human.
8. He was surprised because he did not
expect a creature with such a small brain
size to be able to make fine tools.
9. Morwood inferred that the humans (Homo
erectus) who had made the tools had arrived
in boats on Flores from the mainland; that
they had not been able to leave; and that
they had then evolved into the smaller
species of humans (Homo floresiensis).
10. He suggests that Homo floresiensis may
have become small because resources were
scarce on the island.
11. You can infer that both types of humans
must have lived together on the island for
at least 20,000 years.

Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.

3. Hundreds of farmers say they have

sprayed Coca-Cola on their fields.
According to the farmers, the insects on
cotton plants die when they are sprayed
with cola.
4. It must have something in it that kills
insects.
5. The Coca-Cola Company already has legal
problems in Andhra Pradesh because
farmers believe it is taking water away
from them for its bottling plants.
6. They are probably quite poor. Water for
farming is in short supply.
7. If there are bottling plants, it must mean
that Coca-Cola soft drinks sell quite well
in India. At the same time, if farmers are
suing the company over water use, there
is evidently some negative feeling about
the way the company operates in India.


Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.

Exercise 5, pages 95–99

2. Warren probably used to be active and
have friends, and he has been in a
wheelchair for many years. Arthur’s ironic
and rather dark sense of humor about his
situation may be a way of coping with his
difficulties. Junie Moon had the bad luck

to meet up with a violent man, though
we don’t know what her relationship was
with this man.
3. Since it says “they had no place to go,”
you can infer that all three patients have
no close family ties. They either don’t
have families or they are not in contact
with their families (perhaps they do not
want to make contact).
4. It seems that that they don’t have any
money except the small allowances
(pittances) they receive for their
disabilities.
5. Junie Moon and Arthur probably get
annoyed with Warren sometimes when he
tells them what to do.
6. They are used to his ways, and they care
about him and want to comfort him.
7. Since Arthur is probably thinking that
Warren represents the minority group of

disabled people, we can infer that Junie
Moon and Arthur must belong to other
ethnic or racial minorities (such as
African-Americans or Native Americans).
8. There seems to be some rivalry between
them and some resentment on Arthur’s
part about Warren deciding things.
9. She may be more sensitive about her
deformities and perhaps more damaged

psychologically than she seems at first
from her rather tough way of speaking.
10. He doesn’t easily become offended, he’s
good at convincing people, and he’s not
afraid to challenge authority (as with the
landlord and the nurse).
11. She does not like or trust them, and they
feel the same way about her.
12. It seems probable that one or both of the
men will fall in love with Junie Moon.
13. (Answers will vary.)
Exercise 7, pages 101–102

1. c
2. b
3. a

4. c
5. a
6. a

7. b
8. c
9. b

10. b
11. c
12. a

13. c

14. a
15. c

16. b

Exercise 8, page 103

Noun
alteration
appearance
capacity
diversity
evolution

Verb
alter
appear
———
diversify
evolve

implication
persistence
presumption
———
proportion

imply
persist
presume

———
proportion

resource
significance
———
survival, survivor

———
signify
———
survive

Adjective
altered
apparent
capacious
diverse
evolutionary,
evolving
implicit
persistent
presumable
previous
proportional,
proportionate
resourceful
significant
sole
survivable,

surviving

Adverb
———
apparently
———
diversely
———
implicitly
persistently
presumably
previously
proportionally,
proportionately
resourcefully
significantly
solely
———

Answer Key

39


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

7.
8.

previous
persistent
capacity
implication
altered
significance
survived
sole

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.

wiped out
proportions
evolutionary
presumably
elsewhere
resources
apparently
diversity

UNIT 3: Understanding Paragraphs
Exercise 1, pages 106–107

1. Topic: The causes of water shortages in
Mexico City
2. Topic: The history of Mexico City’s water
supplies
3. Topic: How Mexico City is sinking
Exercise 2, pages 107–109

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

c
a
d
f
e

Exercise 5, pages 112–114

Exercise 3, page 110

Topic: Floodplains
Main idea: c
Supporting facts and ideas: Floodplains can
control flooding. They also help clean rivers

and streams.
Exercise 4, pages 111–112

1. Topic: Flooding in the Netherlands
Main idea: c
Supporting fact and ideas: The
Netherlands is more than 60 percent near
or below sea level. The greatest risk of
flooding comes from the North Sea.
Flooding can occur along the Rhine,
Maas, and Scheldt Rivers. When major

40

rivers meet at the North Sea, they form a
delta region.
2. Topic: The Dutch system of flood barriers
Main idea: b
Supporting fact and ideas: The Dutch
barriers are the strongest in the world.
The first line of defense is made up of
dikes, dams, and storm barriers. These are
aided by secondary defenses.
3. Topic: Climate change and Dutch water
protection strategies
Main idea: b
Supporting fact and ideas: According to
the study, higher rainfall and rising sea
levels would lead to increased risk of
flooding and hotter summers could lead

to weakening of the dikes. The new
approach will rely more on natural
protection. The government has begun
buying land along major waterways.

Answer Key

1. Topic: A description of Lake Baikal
Main idea: a
Supporting facts and ideas: It measures
395 miles by 50 miles and has 1,245 miles
of coastline. It is 1 mile deep. It is at least
25 million years old.
2. Topic: Lake Baikal’s ecosystem
Main idea: c
Supporting facts and ideas: More than
1,000 species exist nowhere else. Among
its unique fauna is the Baikal freshwater
seal. Another unique creature is a fish
called the omul.
3. Topic: The clear water of Lake Baikal
Main idea: a
Supporting facts and ideas: The lake
contained certain small zooplankton and
crustaceans. The water consisted of
rainwater and melted snow. Most of the
watershed has a rocky surface.

Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.

Exercise 9, pages 103–104


Exercise 6, page 116

The increase in paid employment for
women may have contributed to various
changes in social attitudes, but it has not
completely changed the role of women in the
home. Women who work outside the home

Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.

still usually end up playing the leading role
in managing the care of the house and
family. Husbands may contribute by taking
out the trash or mowing the lawn, but on
average they spend a lot less time doing these

Pronouns—Referents:
it—the increase in paid employment for
women
who—women working outside the home
they—husbands
these—taking out the trash and mowing the
lawn
This—the fact that men spend a lot less time
doing household tasks than women do
who—women working full time
those—women who can afford to pay for

help
she—a woman
who—the one (the woman) managing the
help
this —help
She—working women
Example, page 117

and other household tasks than women do.
This is true even for women who are working

Main idea: A transnational corporation is a
corporation that has investments in two or
more countries.

full-time and for those who can afford to pay
Exercise 7, 118–119

for help in the home. In fact, if a woman can
afford to pay for help, she is usually the one
who has to manage this help, hiring and
overseeing the babysitters, cleaners,
repairmen, and so on. She is also more likely
to attend school meetings, make
appointments with teachers, and in general,
attend to the needs of the children.

Main idea: Although they are working
more, women are still responsible for most
household tasks and responsibilities.

1. Main idea: In order to be sure of having
enough rubber for his cars, Henry Ford
started his own rubber plantation in Brazil.
Transitions: However, at times, In fact,
But, Thus
Pronouns—Referents:
who—Henry Ford
he—Henry Ford
his—Henry Ford
2. Main idea: Ford’s plantation began
producing rubber but then was closed due
to a number of difficulties.
Transitions: However, In fact, Before
long, Finally
Pronouns—Referents:
his—Ford
he—Ford
One—factor

Answer Key

41


Exercise 8 pages 121–122

1. d
Main idea: Since ancient times, gold has
had special and lasting value.

2. b
Main idea: Gold is valuable because
people believe it is valuable and there is a
strong demand for it.
3. a
Main idea: The price of gold could be
pushed higher because of the high social
and environmental costs of mining it.
Exercise 9, pages 123–124

1. c
Main idea: Because Johnson & Johnson
acted quickly and decisively in the
Tylenol crisis, there were no serious
consequences for the company.
2. a
Main idea: Firestone lost sales and
millions of dollars because it did not
immediately recall defective tires.

42

Answer Key

3. d
Main idea: A company must react
immediately and decisively to a crisis in
order to keep the trust of customers.

Exercise 10, pages 125–126

1. c
Main idea: In the early twentieth
century, André Level started a fund that
invested in art and made a substantial
profit.
2. d
Main idea: People are investing in art
today in order to make a profit as Level’s
investors did.
3. c
Main idea: Buying artwork may not be a
good investment for several reasons.

Exercise 11, pages 126–128

1. b
Main idea: In order to sell the plastic
containers he had invented, Earl Tupper
also invented a new marketing strategy—
the home party.
2. a
Main idea: At home parties, products are
sold at someone’s home to friends and
acquaintances of the host.
3. d
Main idea: The Longaberger Company
has used the home party to market its
products successfully.

Exercise 13, pages 129–131

1. c
2. a
3. b

4. a
5. b
6. c

7. a
8. a
9. a

10. a
11. a
12. b

13. c
14. a
15. c

Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.

3. Main idea: Instead of trying to control
all phases of production, most companies
today order supplies just when they need
them.
Transitions: In fact, Whereas, For this
reason, However, For example

Pronouns—Referents:
this—because they are afraid of having
too many supplies
they—contemporary car makers
they—car makers
they—car makers
it—what they need
this—buying what they need when they
need it
its—Apple Computer Company
it—Apple


Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.

Exercise 14, page 131
Noun
consideration
consumption,
consumer
contrast
currency
distribution
evidence
excess
factor
inadequacy
location
phenomenon
recycling

supplement
———

Verb
consider
consume

Adjective
considerable
consumable

Adverb
considerably
———

contrast
———
distribute
evidence
exceed
factor
———
locate
———
recycle
supplement
underlie

contrasting
current

distributional
evident
excessive
———
inadequate
———
phenomenal
recycled
supplemental
underlying

———
currently
———
evidently
excessively
———
inadequately
———
phenomenally
———
———
———

Exercise 15, pages 132–133

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.
8.

contrasts
distribute
evident
inadequate
supplement
furthermore
consumes
considerable

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

current
factors
recycle
locate
phenomenon
exceeded
underlying

UNIT 4: Patterns of Organization
Exercise 1, pages 141–144

1. Topic: The landing of men on the Moon
Main idea: The first moon landing was
very different from the last one.
Key words in the main idea: very
different from
Pattern: Comparison/Contrast
Supporting facts and ideas:
Signal words Details
But while
The first landing was an
enormous achievement.
far more
The last landing
contributed far more
scientific knowledge.

only

The first mission lasted
only a few hours.
however
On the last mission, the
three men spent more
time on the Moon.
much further They could travel much
further from the landing
site.

wider
They could collect a wider
range of samples.
2. Topic: The impact of the Apollo moon
landings
Main idea: The Apollo moon landings
had a significant impact on scientific and
technological development in the
twentieth century.
Key words in the main idea: a
significant impact
Pattern: Cause/Effect
Supporting facts and ideas:
Signal words Details
affected by
Computer research was
affected by the moon
landings.

Answer Key

43


The space program
pushed engineers to
develop personal
computers.
attributed to
The invention of the

Internet could be
attributed to the Apollo
program.
motivation for Scientists and engineers
were motivated to look
for ways to communicate
from computer to
computer.
3. Topic: The lack of water on the Moon
Main idea: The lack of water on the
Moon limits exploration of the Moon.
Key words in the main idea: lack of
water, limits
Pattern: Problem/Solution
Supporting facts and ideas:
Problem: The lack of water is a serious
problem for future Moon exploration; for
this reason, scientists are looking for
evidence of water on the Moon.
Solution: Rockets are sent to crash into
the Moon so that scientists can analyze
the vapor and dust created by the crash to
see if there is water.
4. Topic: Lunar craters
Main idea: Lunar craters are circular
depressions that were created by the
impact of various objects on the surface
of the Moon.
Key words in the main idea: are
Pattern: Extended Definition

Supporting facts and ideas:
Explanation or description: Lunar
craters are deep holes visible from the
earth. There are millions of lunar craters.
Some are a few feet across; others are
many hundreds of kilometers across. They
can be surrounded by mountains. They

44

Answer Key

remain unchanged because the Moon has
no atmosphere.
Exercise 2, pges 144–147

1. Topic: The first optical telescopes
Main idea: The first optical telescope
was invented in Holland in 1608, but was
not used successfully until Galileo
developed his version in 1610.
Key words in the main idea: first, 1608,
until, 1610
Pattern: Sequence
Supporting facts and ideas:
Signal words Details
1600s
The first optical telescope
was invented in a Dutch
optical shop

1608
Hans Lippershey tried to
sell his invention.
Also in 1608
Galileo made his version
of the device.
1610
Galileo used his telescope.
1611
He showed his device to
guests at a banquet.
2. Topic: Newton’s invention of the
reflector telescope
Main idea: Newton invented the
reflector telescope because of problems
with the refractor telescope.
Key words in the main idea: problems
Pattern: Problem/Solution
Supporting facts and ideas:
Problem: Newton noticed that in
Galileo’s refraction telescope, a ring of
colors sometimes interfered with viewing.
Solution: Newton designed the reflector
telescope with a curved mirror that
concentrated light and reflected it to the
eyepiece.
3. Topic: Large modern optical telescopes
Main idea: Today, there are a number of
very large optical telescopes built on hills
or mountains in many parts of the world.

Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.

pushing


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Key words in the main idea: a number of
Pattern: Listing
Supporting facts and ideas:
Signal words Details
For example
the world’s largest
refracting telescope
Another
reflecting telescope on
Mount Palomar in
California
an even larger reflecting telescope in the
Caucasus Mountains
A fourth
the Keck Telescope in
Hawaii
4. Topic: Radio telescopes
Main idea: Radio telescopes are similar
to optical telescopes in some ways, but
they are different in important ways.
Key words in the main idea: similar,
different

Pattern: Comparison/Contrast
Supporting facts and ideas:
Signal words Details
very different Radio telescopes look
different from optical
telescopes.
instead
They do not collect light
waves, but radio waves.
distinctive
appearance

different

They use different
methods to record
information.
Radio telescopes use radio
receivers to record radio
waves, not cameras to
take photographs.
For both kinds, the larger
the telescope, the better it
works.

while

both

Exercise 3, pages 147–149

1. Pattern: Sequence (S)
Missing sentence: b
2. Pattern: Problem/Solution (P/S)
Missing sentence: a
3. Pattern: Sequence (S)
Missing sentence: e
4. Pattern: Comparison/Contrast (C/C)
Missing sentence: c

Exercise 5, pages 151–152

1. a
2. c
3. b

4. a
5. c
6. a

7. b
8. b
9. c

10. a
11. a
12. b

13. a
14. c

Exercise 6, page 153
Noun
achievement
affect, affectation
analysis
attribution, attribute
availability
conclusion
conduct
environment
exposure
impact
investigation
motivation
potential
vehicle

Verb
achieve
affect
analyze
attribute
avail
conclude
conduct
———
expose
impact
investigate

motivate
———
———

Adjective
achievable
affected, affecting
analytical
attributable, attributive
available
conclusive
———
environmental
exposed
———
investigative
motivated
potential
vehicular

Adverb
———
———
analytically
attributively
———
conclusively
———
environmentally
———

———
———
———
potentially
———

Answer Key

45


1. exposed
2. motivate
3. availability
4. achievement
5. investigating
6. attribute (attributed)
7. potential
8. conducted
9. affected
10. environment
11. conclusive
12. vehicles
13. analyzed
14. impact

UNIT 5: Reading Longer Passages
Effectively
Exercise 1, pages 158–159

Topic: Human responses to disaster
Thesis statement: Psychologists have
theorized that responses to extreme natural
and human-caused disasters occur in five
stages.
Exercise 2, pages 159–160

Topic: Cultural universals in emotional
expression
Thesis statement: But does raising the
eyebrows and rounding the mouth say the
same thing in Minneapolis as it does in
Madagascar? Much research on emotional
expression has centered on such questions.
(In some of the following exercises, there
may be more than one correct answer for the
pattern.)
Exercise 3, page 161

Thesis statement: Psychologists have
theorized that responses to extreme natural
and human-caused disasters occur in five
stages.
Pattern: Sequence

46

Answer Key

Supporting points (main ideas):

Paragraph 2: The first stage is psychological
numbness, shock, and confusion.
Paragraph 3: In the second stage, victims
continue to lack awareness.
Paragraph 4: In the third stage, victims turn
to each other.
Paragraph 5: The fourth stage brings
depression and letdown.
Paragraph 6: In the final stage, victims adapt
to the changes in their lives.
Exercise 4, pages 161–162

Thesis statement: But does raising the
eyebrows and rounding the mouth say the
same thing in Minneapolis as it does in
Madagascar? Much research on emotional
expression has centered on such questions.
Pattern: Comparison/Contrast OR Listing
Supporting points (main ideas):
Paragraph 2: All people speak and understand
substantially the same “facial language.”
Paragraph 3: People everywhere can recognize
at least seven basic emotions, but there are
cultural differences in the rules about
displaying emotion.
Paragraph 4: Young children show and
perceive emotions through facial expressions.
Paragraph 5: There is a biological basis to
emotional expression.
Paragraph 6: Culture can influence certain

emotional responses.
Exercise 5, pages 162–163

Thesis statement: Why are girls fighting
more and what can we do to stop them?
Pattern: Problem/Solution OR Cause/Effect
Supporting points (main ideas):
Paragraph 2: Recently the roles of men and
women have changed and tended to become
more equal.
Paragraph 3: Socializing girls like boys cause
girls to be more violent.
Paragraph 4: The entertainment media

Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.

Exercise 7, pages 153–154


Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.

encourages girls to be more violent.
Paragraph 5: Factors such as gun availability,
poverty, and history of abuse have not
changed, so they are not responsible for the
increased violence.
Paragraph 6: Solutions used in schools in the
past on boys will not work with girls either.
Paragraph 7: To find a solution, we have to
examine the values of American society and

try to change it so it is less harmful to young
people.

Pattern: Listing
Supporting points (main ideas):
Paragraphs 3 and 4: “Conservers” sought the
security of marriage, family life and
traditional female occupations.
Paragraphs 5 and 6: “Achievers” cherished
social recognition and career advancement.
Paragraph 7: “Seekers” valued
unconventional pursuits, creativity and selfdiscovery.
Exercise 8, pages 166–167

Exercise 6, pages 163–164

1. c
2. a
3. a

Thesis statement: There are at least three
different, but equally effective paths that lead
to psychological maturity for women.

4. b
5. c
6. b

7. a
8. c

9. a

10. b
11. c
12. a

13. a
14. c
15. b

Exercise 9, page 168
Noun
abandon,
abandonment
adaptation,
adaptability
awareness
circumstance(s)
collaboration
community
consequence(s)

Verb
abandon

Adjective
———

Adverb
———

adapt

adaptive, adaptable

adaptively

———
———
collaborate
commune
———

coordinate,
coordination
ethic(s)
focus
function
involvement
phase
volunteer

coordinate

aware
circumstantial
collaborative
communal
consequent,
consequential

———

———
circumstantially
collaboratively
communally
consequently,
consequentially
———

———
focus
function
involve
phase
volunteer

ethical
focused
functional
involved, involving
phased
volunteer, voluntary

ethically
———
functionally
———
———
voluntarily

Answer Key

47


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

coordinate
circumstances
function
community
undergone
abandon
phase
focuses (focused) on

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

15.

ethics
adapt to
aware
involved
collaborated
volunteer
consequences

UNIT 6: Skimming
Exercise 1, pages 170–172

2. positive
3. yes
4. The reviewer is most interested in the
message of the film about the
unhealthiness of McDonald’s food and
about the poor eating habits of Americans
in general.
Exercise 2, pages 172–174

1. negative
2. no
3. The reviewer is most interested in the
director’s point of view and his very
personal approach to the subject, which
the reviewer thinks is unscientific.
(Answers will vary for parts B and C.)
Exercise 3, pages 174–178

B.
1. yes
2. yes

Exercise 5, page 180

1. c.
2. a
3. c

4. c
5. c
6. b

7. c
8. a
9. c

10. a

Exercise 6, page 181
Noun
comprehension
conviction
elimination
feature
innovation
portion
promotion

source
statistic(s)

48

3. The higher number of premature births;
the higher rates of infant mortality
among African-Americans and other
ethnic minorities.
4. yes
5. yes
6. Women receiving less prenatal care or
losing their jobs; cuts to nutrition
programs; climbing poverty rates; an
increase in premature births.
7. yes
8. yes
9. Disparities among racial and ethnic
groups. Among African Americans, causes
include congenital abnormalities, preterm/low birth weight, Sudden Infant
Death Syndrome, problems related to
complications of pregnancy, and
respiratory distress syndrome. Other
causes include: behaviors, lifestyles, and
conditions that affect birth outcomes
such as smoking, substance abuse, poor
nutrition, lack of prenatal care, medical
problems, and chronic illness.
(Answers will vary for parts C and D.)

Answer Key

Verb
comprehend
convince
eliminate
feature
innovate
portion
promote
source
———

Adjective
comprehensive
convincing
———
———
innovative
———
promotional
———
statistical

Adverb
comprehensively
convincingly
———
———
innovatively

———
promotionally
———
statistically

Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.

Exercise 10, pages 168–169


Exercise 7, pages 181–182

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

convince
source
statistics
portions
feature

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

innovate
comprehensive
promoter
eliminated
guidelines

UNIT 7: Study Reading

Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.

Example, pages 183–184

Pattern: Sequence
Thesis statement: The pineapple has been
cultivated and enjoyed by humans for
thousands of years.
Supporting points (main ideas):
Paragraph 2: In the fifteenth century,
Europeans discovered the pineapple and fell
in love with it.
Paragraph 3: In the sixteenth century, they
brought pineapples from Central and South
America to other parts of the world.
Paragraph 4: Pineapples remained a luxury
food until the early twentieth century, when
they became more easily available.
Exercise 1, pages 185–186

A.
(Answers will vary.)

B.
Pattern: Sequence
Thesis statement: Before the 1950s, pizza
was a purely Italian food with a long history
in southern Italy.
Supporting points (main ideas):
Paragraph 2: Pizza may have originated in
Greece and then spread to Italy.

Paragraph 3: Early pizza had no tomatoes
because there were no tomatoes in Europe
until the sixteenth century.
Paragraph 4: The classic pizza we know now
was invented in 1889 in Naples.
Paragraph 5: Pizza remained a southern
Italian specialty until the 1950s and 60s,
when it became popular in other parts of
Italy.
Paragraph 6: Pizza is so common in so many
countries that its Italian origins are often
forgotten.

Exercises 2–5, pages 187–191

(Answers will vary.)

Example, pages 191–192

1.
2.

3.
4.

the Germans
the Russians
less than 5 percent
about 8 percent

Exercise 6, pages 193–194

1.
2.
3.
4.

Hispanic women
White men
African-American men
White women

Exercise 8, pages 196–197

1. c
2. a
3. c

4. b
5. a
6. b

7. a
8. c
9. a

10. b
11. a
12. c

Answer Key

49


Exercise 9, page 198
Verb
collapse
construct
core
distinguish

emergence
extraction, extract
facilitation
major, majority
position, pose
regulation
———

emerge
extract

facilitate
major
pose
regulate
———

Adjective
collapsible
constructive
———
distinct, distinctive,
distinguished,
dishtinguishable
distinguishing
emergent, emerging
extractive
facilitating
major
———
regulation, regulatory
virtual

Exercise 10, pages 198–199

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

distinction
regulated
virtually
posed
facilitate
major

7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

emerged
constructed
core
adjacent
collapsed
extract

UNIT 8: Summarizing
Exercise 1, pages 201–203

1. Main idea: Until recently, people have
considered wetlands to be land that was
wasted and could be put to better use.
Pattern: Sequence
Supporting facts and ideas: Wetlands

are areas of land covered by water all or
part of the year. Throughout history,
wetlands have been drained and filled.
Wetlands have been converted into land
that could be used for human activity.
Now people are realizing that wetlands
are valuable.
Summary sentence: Throughout
history, wetlands were considered to be
land that was wasted and could be put to
better use for human activity, but
recently, people have begun to realize that
wetlands are valuable.

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Answer Key

Adverb
———
constructively
———
distinctively

———
———
———
———
———
———

virtually

2. Main idea: From a biological point of
view, wetlands are not wastelands at all,
but are among the most productive
ecosystems in the world.
Pattern: Extended Definition
Supporting facts and ideas: They
contain an immense variety of animal
and plant species. These species depend
on the habitat of the wetlands for
survival. Wetlands have a rich mixture of
water and organic material—detritus. This
feeds many small animals, which attract
other, larger animals that feed on them.
Summary sentence: Wetlands are very
productive ecosystems, containing an
immense variety of animal and plant
species that depend on the detritus
(mixture of water and organic material) in
the wetland habitat.
3. Main idea: A comparison of the effects of
a flood in two cities has led city planners
and politicians to recognize that wetlands
are a valuable defense against flooding.
Pattern: Comparison/Contrast
Supporting facts and ideas: In 2006, a
lot of rain fell on two cities in
Massachusetts, Haverhill, and
Newburyport. Haverhill suffered lots of

damage from flooding, but Newburyport

Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.

Noun
collapse
construction
core
distinction


Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.

did not. Both cities are built along the
Merrimack River. In Haverhill, the area
along the river has been developed and
covered with buildings; in Newburyport,
the area along the river has remained
marshland (wetlands). Flood waters could
spread out in the wetlands. Wetland plants
and soil absorbed water. In Haverhill, the
water could not spread out so it rose over
the banks and flooded the city.
Summary sentence: Wetlands are a
valuable defense against flooding, as was
demonstrated in Massachusetts in 2006,
where the city of Haverhill flooded
because its wetlands had been developed,
but the city of Newburyport did not flood
because the floodwaters could spread out

and be absorbed by the wetlands.
Exercise 2, pages 203–204

Summary paragraph:
Throughout history, people have considered
wetlands to be land that was wasted and
could be put to better use for human activity.
However, in recent years, people have begun
to realize that wetlands are a valuable part of
the environment for two reasons. First,
wetlands are very productive ecosystems,
containing an immense variety of animal and
plant species that depend on the detritus
(mixture of water and organic material) in
the wetland habitat. Second, wetlands are a
valuable defense against flooding, as was
demonstrated in Massachusetts in 2006. The
city of Haverhill flooded because its wetlands
had been developed, but the city of
Newburyport did not flood because the
floodwaters could spread out and be absorbed
by the wetlands.
Exercise 3, pages 204–205

Thesis: How could a tiny mosquito thwart
the best efforts of a large group of wellfunded scientists?

Pattern: Cause/Effect
Summary of paragraph 1: In the 1960s,
scientists and WHO made a huge effort to

eradicate mosquitoes and malaria, using a
pesticide called DDT, but the effort failed and
the plan was dropped.
Summary of paragraph 2: A new type of
pesticide usually gives positive results at first,
but then the insects become resistant to the
pesticide and it becomes less effective.
Summary of paragraph 3: Pesticide
resistance is an example of how organisms
adapt to their environment through the
process of natural selection and change over
time.
Summary paragraph:
In the 1960s, scientists and WHO made a big
effort to eradicate mosquitoes and malaria
using a pesticide called DDT, but the effort
failed and the plan was dropped. A new type
of pesticide usually gives positive results at
first, but then the insects become resistant to
the pesticide and it becomes less effective.
Pesticide resistance is an example of how
organisms adapt to their environments
through the process of natural selection and
change over time.
Exercise 4, pages 206–208

A.
Part 2: paragraphs 4 through 5
Part 3: paragraphs 6 through 8
Thesis: But what Spain has in abundance

compared with northern European nations—
apart from more sun—is what the researchers
in this study call social support structures.
Pattern: Cause/Effect
Part 1—Topic: A study of the prevalence of
depression in Europe
Summary sentence: One of the most
striking results of a study about the
prevalence of depression in Europe is the
geographical distribution and the fact that

Answer Key

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