IELTS WRITING TASK 2

S L
C V SÁCH
NIS IELTS WRITING TASK 2
NIS IELTS WRITING TASK 2 là sách n i b c a trung tâm anh ng New Insight dùng đ gi ng
d y cho các h c viên có nhu c u luy n thi IELTS l y 6.0 - 6.5+
Sách bao g m 4 ch ng:
+ Ch ng 1: Gi i thi u bao quát v đ thi IELTS, cách ch m đi m chi ti t và các d ng đ
khi ra thi.
+ Ch ng 2: T ng h p toàn b t v ng d a trên 24 ch đ th ng xuyên s d ng trong
đ thi. M i m t t v ng đ u s có đ nh ngh a và ví d tr c quan, sát v i cách s d ng
trong bài vi t.
+ Ch ng 3: T ng h p các ng pháp chính y u c n đ c s d ng đ l y đi m.
+ Ch ng 4: Các lo i câu h i th ng đ c ra thi và cách gi i quy t các d ng câu h i
khác nhau v i format chung.
Cu n sách này đ c vi t và t ng h p b i công s c và kinh nghi m gi ng d y dày d n c a t p
th giáo viên New Insight.
c bi t cu n sách đ c ch biên b i cô Nguy n Minh Th ch Th o
(ng i có kinh nghi m luy n thi IELTS vô cùng mát tay cho các b n t m t g c đ n l y IELTS
Writing 6.0 trong 3 tháng). Góp ph n cho cu n sách thêm ph n đ y đ n và ch nh chu chính là
phó biên t p cô Tr n Th o Trang - Moderator c a trang T h c IELTS 9.0
Các giáo viên tiêu bi u khác c a trung tâm anh ng New Insight:
+ Cô
ng H ng Thanh Th o (IELTS 8.0, th khoa c nhân ngành Ngôn ng Anh H
Hoa Sen, Founder c a New Insight)
+ Cô T Minh Hà (IELTS 8.5, IELTS prize winner - H i
ng Anh) - cô Hà s đi du h c
nên s p t i ch có th d y online thôi.
+ Cô Ph m Thu H ng (IELTS 8.0, m nh danh cô-bi t-tu t vì ki n th c sâu r ng)

KHAI GI NG L P IELTS “KHUY N H C”
TOÀN QU C (Offline/online)
Cách đây vài tháng, Ms.Trang có check inbox ph n tin nh n n thì m i th y có nhi u b n ng ý
mu n h c IELTS nh ng vì quê xa thành ph ho c đi u ki n kinh t ch a đ đ h c các l p IELTS
ch t l ng nên c ng nhân d p n m h c m i, Ms. Trang chính th c thông báo khai gi ng l p IELTS
“Khuy n h c” offline dành cho các b n trong ph m vi TPHCM và online cho các b n t nh thành
khác.
H c phí l p IELTS Khuy n H c là 1.700.000/tháng (có th đóng theo t ng tháng ho c đóng theo
khoá 3 tháng đ ti t ki m thêm 5% h c phí).
L ch h c: 2-4-6 (8:30 – 10:00 ho c 10:15 - 11:45 ), 3-5-7 (13:00 – 14:30)
D

ki n khai gi ng: 10/9/2018 & 24/9/2018

i t ng: Dành cho m i đ i t
nh t cho t ng b n.
i v i l p h c này, Ms.Trang s
h c t p cho các b n:

ng m c tiêu t
ng d ng 2 ph

5.0 – 6.5, Ms. Trang s theo sát và kèm c p t t
ng pháp gi ng d y sau đ t i

u hoá th i gian

+ Ph ng pháp h c Hybrid – v a nghe gi ng trên l p v a ôn bài và s a bài t p qua kênh online,
l y t ng cá nhân làm tr ng tâm, m i cá nhân s đ c h ng d n l trình và cách h c riêng c ng
nh s theo dõi quá trình phát tri n c a b n thân.

+ Ph

ng pháp h c theo d ng câu h i

Thay vì h c g i đ u v i các sách giáo trình, Ms.Trang s đi th ng vào t ng d ng câu h i c a c 4 k
n ng đ các b n tr c ti p làm quen v i d ng đ và t đó khai thác ng c l i các y u t v t v ng
và ng pháp đ c ng c ki n th c n n cho các b n.
c bi t Ms.Trang s s d ng sách do chính
cô và các đ ng nghi p biên so n.
NG KÍ tham gia l p h c, các b n có th :
1. i n thông tin

ng kí l p h c t i đây: />
2. Follow/inbox facebook c a cô Trang đ
/>3. G i s Hotline: 0967.946.617 đ đ

ch

bi t thêm thông tin chi ti t (Facebook Ms.Trang:
ng d n thêm nhé.


M CL C
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 1
CHAPTER 2: TOPICS ..................................................................................................... 8
I. ADVERTISING ........................................................................................................... 8
II. ANIMAL RIGHTS ................................................................................................... 10
III. CITIES ..................................................................................................................... 15
IV. CRIME .................................................................................................................... 17
V. EDUCATION ........................................................................................................... 21

VI. ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................... 28
VIII. Gender................................................................................................................... 32
IX. GENETIC ENGINEERING .................................................................................... 34
XI. GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY ......................................................................... 38
XIII. HEALTH .............................................................................................................. 41
XIV. HOUSING AND ARCHITECTURE ................................................................... 44
XV. LANGUAGE ......................................................................................................... 45
XVI. MONEY ............................................................................................................... 46
XVII. PERSONALITY ................................................................................................. 47
XVIII. SPORT AND LEISURE .................................................................................... 48
XIX. TELEVISION, INTERNET, PHONES ............................................................... 50
XX. TOURISM ............................................................................................................. 53
XXI. TRADITIONAL VS MODERN .......................................................................... 54
XXII. TRANSPORT ..................................................................................................... 55
XXIII. WATER ............................................................................................................. 57
XXIV. WORK ............................................................................................................... 59
CHAPTER 3: GRAMMAR ............................................................................................ 63
I. CONDITIONALS ...................................................................................................... 63
II. GERUNDS, PARTICIPLES, AND INFINITIVES.................................................. 67
III. INVERSION ............................................................................................................ 69
IV. PARAPHRASING .................................................................................................. 74
V. RELATIVE CLAUSES ............................................................................................ 77
VI. SENTENCES TYPES ............................................................................................. 83


VII. SO, SUCH .. THAT ............................................................................................... 91
VIII. TENSES ................................................................................................................ 93
IX. THE COMPARATIVE - THE SUPERLATIVE .................................................. 101
X. The Passive Voice .................................................................................................. 108
CHAPTER 4: IELTS TYPES OF QUESTIONS ........................................................ 114

New Insight English

Hotline: 0967.946.617

Website: www.newinsightenglish.edu.vn

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Kì thi IELTS bao g m 4 k n ng: Nghe,
Academic và General Training.

c, Vi t và Nói, đ

c chia ra thành 2 d ng là

Academic: dành cho đ i t ng h c sinh, sinh viên mong mu n h c b c đ i h c, sau đ i
h c ho c đáp ng yêu c u công vi c
General Training: dành cho đ i t

ng mong mu n đ nh c

các qu c gia nói ti ng Anh

 Trình t bài thi:
Listening
4 sections, 40 câu, kho ng 30 phút
Reading
3 sections, 40 câu, 60 phút

General Training Reading
3 sections (2 sections đ u bao g m 2 bài đ c
ng n; t ng c ng 5 bài đ c), 40 câu, 60 phút

Academic Writing
2 tasks (task 1: nh n xét bi u đ ; task 2: vi t
bài ngh lu n), 60 phút

General Training Writing
2 tasks (Task 1: vi t th ; Task 2: vi t bài v n
ngh lu n), 60 phút

Speaking
3 parts, 11 t i 14 phút
T ng th i gian
2 ti ng 44 phút
Trong bài thi vi t IELTS task 2, thí sinh ph i vi t m t bài v n ngh lu n dài ít nh t
250 ch v các ch đ mang tính h c thu t nh giáo d c, môi tr ng, xã h i, …. Thí sinh
nên hoàn thành bài thi trong vòng 40 phút trên t ng 60 phút th i gian làm toàn b bài
vi t.(bao g m cho task 1 và task 2).
Bài thi đ

c ch m trên b n tiêu chí nh sau:

- Task response
+ Vi t đúng ch đ và yêu c u c a đ
- Coherence and cohesion
+ Th hi n, s p x p và phát tri n ý t

ng m t cách m ch l c, rõ ràng và h p lý

+ Có s d ng các t n i gi a các câu trong bài
- Vocabulary (lexical resources)
+ S d ng t v ng phù h p v i ch đ (topic vocabulary & collocations)
- Grammar
+ S d ng chính xác, phù h p và đa d ng câu lo i câu đ n, câu ph c và câu ghép
cùng các đi m ng pháp khác
IELTS WRITING TASK 2 PRACTICE (2nd Edition)

1


Website: www.newinsightenglish.edu.vn

Hotline: 0967.946.617

New Insight English

 Các tiêu chí ch m đi m Writing task 2
Band
9

Task Achievement



8




7





fully addresses all parts of the
task
presents a fully developed
position in answer to the
question with relevant, fully
extended and well supported
ideas
sufficiently addresses all parts
of the task
presents a well-developed
response to the question with
relevant, extended and
supported ideas

addresses all parts of the task
presents a clear position
throughout the response
presents, extends and supports
main ideas, but there may be a
tendency to overgeneralise
and/or supporting ideas may
lack focus

Coherence and Cohesion












Lexical Resource

uses cohesion in such a way
that it attracts no attention
skilfully manages
paragraphing



uses a wide range of
vocabulary with very natural
and sophisticated control of
lexical features; rare minor
errors occur only as ‘slips’



sequences information and
ideas
logically
manages all aspects of
cohesion well
uses paragraphing
sufficiently and
appropriately



uses a wide range of
vocabulary
fluently and flexibly to
convey precise meanings
skilfully uses uncommon
lexical items but there may
be occasional inaccuracies in
word choice and collocation
produces rare errors in
spelling and/or word
formation
uses a sufficient range of
vocabulary to allow some
flexibility and precision
uses less common lexical
items with some awareness
of style and collocation
may produce occasional
errors in word choice,



logically organises
information and ideas; there
is clear progression
throughout
uses a range of cohesive
devices appropriately
although there may be some
under-/over-use

IELTS WRITING TASK 2 PRACTICE (2nd Edition)




















Grammatical Range and
Accuracy
uses a wide range of structures
with full flexibility and
accuracy; rare minor errors
occur only as ‘slips’

uses a wide range of structures
the majority of sentences are
error-free
makes only very occasional
errors or inappropriacies

uses a variety of complex
structures
produces frequent error-free
sentences
has good control of grammar
and punctuation but may make
a few errors

2


Hotline: 0967.946.617

New Insight English


6







addresses all parts of the task
although some parts may be
more fully covered than others
presents a relevant position
although the conclusions may
become unclear or repetitive
presents relevant main ideas but
some may be inadequately
developed/unclear









5







addresses the task only
partially; the format may be
inappropriate in places
expresses a position but the
development is not always clear
and there may be no
conclusions drawn
presents some main ideas but
these are limited and not
sufficiently developed; there
may be irrelevant detail









presents a clear central topic
within each paragraph
arranges information and
ideas coherently and there is
a clear overall progression

uses
cohesive
devices
effectively, but cohesion
within
and/or
between
sentences may be faulty or
mechanical
may
not
always
use
referencing
clearly
or
appropriately
uses paragraphing, but not
always logically
presents information with
some organisation but there
may be a lack of overall
progression
makes inadequate, inaccurate
or over use of cohesive
devices
may be repetitive because of
lack of referencing and
substitution
may not write in paragraphs,

or paragraphing may be
inadequate

IELTS WRITING TASK 2 PRACTICE (2nd Edition)










Website: www.newinsightenglish.edu.vn

spelling and/or word
formation
uses an adequate range of
vocabulary for the task
attempts to use less common
vocabulary but with some
inaccuracy
makes some errors in
spelling
and/or
word
formation, but they do not
impede communication

uses a limited range of
vocabulary, but this is
minimally adequate for the
task
may make noticeable errors
in spelling and/or word
formation that may cause
some difficulty for the reader









uses a mix of simple and
complex sentence forms
makes some errors in grammar
and punctuation but they rarely
reduce communication

uses only a limited range of
structures
attempts complex sentences but
these tend to be less accurate
than simple sentences
may
make

frequent
grammatical
errors
and
punctuation may be faulty;
errors
can
cause
some
difficulty for the reader

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New Insight English

4






3





2





responds to the task only in a
minimal way or the answer is
tangential; the format may be
inappropriate
presents a position but this is
unclear
presents some main ideas but
these are difficult to identify
and
may
be
repetitive,
irrelevant or not well supported



does not adequately address
any part of the task
does not express a clear
position
presents few ideas, which are
largely
undeveloped

or
irrelevant



barely responds to the task
does not express a position
may attempt to present one or
two ideas but there is no
development











presents information and
ideas but these are not
arranged coherently and
there is no clear progression
in the response
uses some basic cohesive
devices but these may be
inaccurate or repetitive
may not write in paragraphs

or their use may be
confusing
does not organise ideas
logically
may use a very limited range
of cohesive devices, and
those used may not indicate
a
logical
relationship
between ideas
has very little control of
organisational features



fails to communicate any
message



1



answer is completely unrelated
to the task

0



does not attend
does not attempt the task in any way
writes a totally memorised response




IELTS WRITING TASK 2 PRACTICE (2nd Edition)








Website: www.newinsightenglish.edu.vn

uses only basic vocabulary
which
may
be
used
repetitively or which may be
inappropriate for the task
has limited control of word
formation and/or spelling;
errors may cause strain for

the reader



uses only a very limited
range
of
words
and
expressions
with
very
limited control of word
formation and/or spelling
errors may severely distort
the message
uses an extremely limited
range
of
vocabulary;
essentially no control of
word
formation
and/or
spelling



attempts sentence forms but
errors

in
grammar
and
punctuation predominate and
distort the meaning



cannot use sentence forms
except in memorised phrases

can only use a few isolated
words



cannot use sentence forms at all



uses only a very limited range
of structures with only rare use
of subordinate clauses
some structures are accurate
but errors predominate, and
punctuation is often faulty

4

New Insight English

Hotline: 0967.946.617

Website: www.newinsightenglish.edu.vn

 IELTS TYPES OF QUESTIONS
N m d ng câu h i chính:
Writer’s
opinion

Types

Questions

Discussion

0%

Discuss both views.

What are the advantages and
disadvantages of this trend?

Discussion +
Opinion

50%

Discuss both views and give

your opinion.

Do the advantages outweigh
the disadvantages?

Opinion

100%

To what extent do you agree
or disagree?

Do you think this is a positive
or negative trend?

Solution

~

What are the reasons/causes/… of this problem? What
measures can be done to solve it?

Two-part
question

~

What are the reasons of this trend? Do you think it should be
changed in the future?

 M t s đ m u và đ đã ra thi
Discussion
People now have the freedom to work and live anywhere in the world due to the
development of communication technology and transportation. What are the advantages and
disadvantages of this trend? [Ieltsbuddy]
With the rise of e-books come the decline in paper books. Some people see this as a
good step forward while others do not. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this
trend? [IELTS Liz]
Space exploration costs tax payer an exorbitant amount of money each year. What are
the advantages and disadvantages of spending money on space exploration? [IELTS Liz]
Discussion + Opinion
07/04/2018: Some people think the government funding should not be used for
supporting art and culture, others think supporting cultural activities may be beneficial for
the population and the culture. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
03/03/2018: Some people think that newly built houses should follow the style of the
old houses in the local areas. Others think that people should have freedom to build houses
of their own style. Discuss and give opinion.
20/01/2018: Research shows that business meetings, discussions and training are
happening online nowadays. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

IELTS WRITING TASK 2 PRACTICE (2nd Edition)

5


New Insight English

Hotline: 0967.946.617

Website: www.newinsightenglish.edu.vn

10/09/2016: Some people think that studying from the past teaches us nothing about
today’s life. Others argue that the history is a value source of information. Discuss both
views and give your opinion
Opinion
26/4/2018: It is more important to spend public money on promoting a healthy
lifestyle in order to prevent illness than to spend it on treatment of people who are already
ill. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
21/4/2018: Organized tour to remote areas and community is increasingly popular. Is it
a positive or negative development for the local people and environment?
24/3/2018: Museums and art galleries should concentrate on works that show history
and culture of their own country rather than works of the other parts in the world. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?
3/2/2018: The only way to improve safety of our roads is to give much stricter
punishments on driving offenses. What extent do you agree or disagree?
1/2/2018: Scientific research should be carried out and controlled by the governments
rather than private companies. Do you agree or disagree?
7/1/2017: Some universities offer online courses as an alternative to classes delivered
on campus. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?
Solution
04/11/2017: It is difficult for people in the cities to get enough physical exercise. What
are the causes and solutions?
16/09/2017: Students leave high school without learning the way to manage their
money. What are the causes and solutions?
15/07/2017: Animal species is becoming extinct due to human activities on land and in
sea. What are the causes and solutions?
14/01/2016: Many museums and historical sites are mainly visited by tourists but not
local people. Why is this the case and what can be done to attract more local people to visit
these places?
29/10/2016: In many countries, more and more people choose to buy imported food

rather than food produced locally. Why people buy imported food? What could be done to
encourage people to buy local food?
2-part question
24/2/2018: Nowadays, some employers think that formal academic qualifications are
more important than life experience or personal qualities when they look for new
employees. Why is in this case? Is a positive or negative development

IELTS WRITING TASK 2 PRACTICE (2nd Edition)

6


New Insight English

Hotline: 0967.946.617

Website: www.newinsightenglish.edu.vn

10/2/2018: The tradition that family gets together to eat meals is disappearing. What
are the reasons? What are the impacts?
13/1/2018: People living in large cities face several problems. What are these
problems? Should governments encourage to move to smaller towns?
15/12/2016: Scientists believe that by studying behaviour of 3 years old children, we
can predict if that child can become criminal in the future. To what extent is crime a product
of human nature? Is it possible to stop children from growing to be a criminal?

 M t s l i c n tránh trong bài vi t task 2

Thi u ch (Underlength):
1. Thí sinh nên vi t 260 – 280 ch trong bài vi t task 2. S ch trong bài s đ

kh o đ m n u h cho là bài vi t thi u ch (d i 250 ch ).

c giám

Bài vi t task 2 ng n h n 250 ch có th b tr x p x 0.5/9.0
2. No. of words: s ch trong bài c a thí sinh
3. Penalty: s đi m b tr do thi u ch c a thí sinh
Các l i khác
L c đ (Off-topic)
M t s câu trong bài làm không liên quan đ n ch đ đ bài
H c thu c lòng (Memorised)
Bài vi t đ
nh n đi m 0/9

c giám kh o cho là chép thu c lòng s không đ

c ch p nh n và có th

Ch m , khó đ c (Illegible)
i m c a thí sinh s b tr khi giám kh o không th đ c đ

IELTS WRITING TASK 2 PRACTICE (2nd Edition)

c ch vi t c a thí sinh.

7


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New Insight English

Website: www.newinsightenglish.edu.vn

CHAPTER 2: TOPICS
I. ADVERTISING
1. To advertise (v): qu ng cáo
Definition: to make something known generally or in public, especially in order to sell it.
Synonym: advertising (n), advertisement (n) = adverts = ads
Example: My grandmother advertised her house in the local newspaper.
2. Modern business (n): Công vi c kinh doanh hi n đ i
Example: Advertising plays a decisive role in modern business.
3. To inform customers about the products (v): thông báo cho ng

i dùng v thông tin

s n ph m
Example: Ads inform customers about the products and the choices of shopping
they have.
4. To lead to higher employment level/rate: d n đ n t l có vi c làm cao h n
Synonym: give rise to employment rate
Example: The growth of tourism leads to higher employment level among tour
guides.
5. A form of modern art/entertainment
Synonym: a means of modern art
Example: Many people nowadays consider advertisements a form of modern art.
6. To manipulate (v): đi u khi n
Definition: to control something or someone to your advantage, often unfairly or
dishonestly.
Example: Nowadays, advertisements are designed to manipulate consumers'

purchasing behavior.
7. To persuade(v): thuy t ph c
Definition: to make someone do or believe something by giving them a good reason to
do it or by talking to that person and making them believe it.
Example: men may be more difficult to persuade through advertising messages than
women.
8. Brand image (n): hình nh th

ng hi u

Definition: Brand Image is an image or impression the customers form about a
particular brand in their mind which is developed over a certain time period.
IELTS WRITING TASK 2 PRACTICE (2nd Edition)

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New Insight English

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Synonym: brand identity
Example: Building a strong brand identity takes critical thinking and creative work.
9. Glamorous (adj): thu hút/ h p d n
Definition: attractive in an exciting and special way
Example: Celebrities do not t just bring value to the viewers, but also make
the advertisement look glamorous.
10. Consumer culture (n): v n hoá đ cao vi c mua và tiêu dùng hàng hoá.

Definition: Consumer culture is a form of capitalism in which the economy is focused
on the selling of consumer goods and the spending of consumer money.
Example: Scientists argue that our consumer culture has made most Americans overly
acquisitive and materialistic.
11. To follow the latest trend (v): theo trào l u m i nh t
Synonym: to keep up with the latest trend
Example: advertising persuades youngsters to follow the latest fashion trend.
12. Associate certain brands with a higher status
Synonym: associate certain brands with good quality
Example: Because of the effective marketing campaign, most people associate
this brand with a higher status.
13. Advertisers (n): ng

i qu ng cáo

Definition: a company, person, or organization that advertises a product or service.
Example: The website helps advertisers connect with potential customers by forming
partnerships with key social media influencers.
14. Put pressure on (somebody) to (do some thing): t o áp l c lên ai đó đ …
Synonym: put (somebody) under pressure to (do something).
Definition: force or try to persuade somebody to do something:
Example: It should come as no surprise that 64% of parents feel their child puts
pressure on them to buy something they've seen on TV or in advertisements.
15. To be regulated : b / đ

c ki m soát

Definition: controlled by rules or laws

IELTS WRITING TASK 2 PRACTICE (2nd Edition)

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New Insight English

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Example: Advertising of cigarettes is now one of the most highly regulated forms of
marketing.
16. Display warnings: trình bày c nh báo
Synonym: show warnings.
Example: Manufacturers and product sellers should be required to display
warnings and cautionary statements about potential hazards for children's toys and games.
17. Legal ≠ illegal (adj): h p pháp≠ phi pháp
Definition: allows/not allowed by law
Example: The government has just launched a campaign to stop the illegal sale of
cigarettes to children under 16
18. Free market economy (n): n n kinh t th tr

ng t do

Definition: an economic system where the government does not interfere in business
activity in any way.
Example: In a free-market economy effective advertising is essential to a company's
survival, for unless consumers know about a company's product they are unlikely to buy it.
19. Demand for something (n): c u/ nhu c u v
Definition: a need for something to be sold or supplied

Example: There was little demand for tickets.
20. To censor(v): ki m duy t -> censorship (n)
Definition: to remove parts of something, such as a book, movie, or letter, that you do
not want someone to see or hear.
Example: Government should take steps to censor advertisements being published in
local newspapers.
II. ANIMAL RIGHTS
1. Important scientific research(n): nghiên c u khoa h c quan tr ng
Definition: Application of scientific method to the investigation of relationships
among natural phenomenon, or to solve a medical or technical problem.
Example: Tens of millions of animals are used around the world every year
in scientific research and testing.
2. Do medical tests: ki m tra y khoa/ ki m tra s c kh e.
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Definition: A medical test is a kind of medical procedure performed to detect,
diagnose, or monitor diseases, disease processes, susceptibility, and determine a course of
treatment.
Example: Medical tests on new drugs should be done before they are safe for human use.
3. Animal testing / experimentation on animals (n): thí nghi m trên đ ng v t
Definition:

Animal

testing,

also

known

as animal

experimentation, animal

research and in vivo testing, is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to
control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study.
Example: While researchers say eliminating animal testing is impossible, they agree
there are alternatives that are less cruel.
4. To advance medical and scientific knowledge: nâng cao ki n th c khoa h c và y t
Definition: improve medical and scientific knowledge
Example: It is also possible to say that animal testing help to advance medical and
scientific knowledge.
5. Medical discovery (n): phát minh v y t
Definition: the process of finding new information in the field of medicine.
Example: In recent years, the vast majority of medical discoveries have been achieved
through animal-based experiments.
6. To minimize the suffering that animals experience(v): h n ch nh ng đau đ n mà
đ ng v t ph i tr i qua.
Example: To help minimize the suffering that animals may experience while being
studied in the laboratory, researchers are required to follow a set of principles.
7. Testing for the cosmetics industry: Ki m tra cho ngành công nghi p m ph m

Example: Testing for the cosmetics industry should be regulated as it involves animal
experimentation
8. To justify (v): ch ng minh là đúng/ bi n h
Definition: to show that something is reasonable, right, or true.
Example: Scientists justify animal use in medical research because the benefits to
human health outweigh the costs or harms to animals.
9. Alternative methods of research (n): ph

ng pháp nghiên c u thay th

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Definition: a different research method.
Example: Alternative methods of research should be employed to mitigate the pain
and suffering of laboratory animals.
10. Have no moral right to (do something): không có quy n làm gì (v m t đ o đ c)
Example: Humans have no moral right to cause animals to suffer.
11. A vegetarian(n): ng

i n chay

Definition: a person who does not eat meat for health or religious reasons or because
they want to avoid being cruel to animals
Example: Of the four million people who have become vegetarians in this country ,
nearly two thirds are women.
12. vegetarian diet (n): Ch đ

n chay

Definition: a diet focusing on on plants for food.
Example: A well-planned vegetarian diet is a healthy way to meet your nutritional
needs.
13. For moral or health reasons: vì lý do đ o đ c và s c kh e.
Example: A number of young people decided to reduce their meat consumption for
moral or health reasons.
14. A healthy diet(n): ch đ

n kh e m nh

Definition: A healthy diet is one that helps to maintain or improve overall health.
Example: A healthy diet provides the body with essential nutrition: fluid,
macronutrients, micronutrients, and adequate calories.
15. To reduce the risk of disease (v): gi m nguy c b nh t t
Example: A healthy eating habit makes a substantial contribution to reduce the risk of
disease.
16. To question (v): Nghi ng
Definition: to express doubts about something
Example: Japanese people usually question the safety of imported food.
17. Treatment of animals (n): x lý đ i v i đ ng v t

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Example: Other significant changes included rising standards for the treatment of
animals by suppliers for fast-food chains and increasing public awareness of the abusive
practices of suppliers in countries such as China that lacked protective legislation.
18. A balanced diet (n): Ch đ

n cân b ng

Definition: A diet consisting of a variety of different types of food and providing
adequate amounts of the nutrients necessary for good health.
Example: Eating a balanced vegetarian diet is an important part of maintaining a
healthy lifestyle.
19. Ingredient (n): thành ph n
Definition: a food that is used with other foods in the preparation of a particular dish.
Example: Alongside the usual savory and sweet items that every pantry needs, there
are a few ingredients that are particularly useful for vegetarians and vegans, as well as those
wanting to eat more meatless meals.
20. A meat-eater (n): Ng

i n th t

Definition: A person who eat meat.
Example: There are significant health differences between vegetarians and meateaters, with the majority of the positive ones falling on the side of the plant-eaters.
21. Animals are below humans in the food chain: đ ng v t n m phía d

i trong chu i

th c n
Example: Many people believe that it is reasonable to live primarily on a meat-based
diet as animals are below humans in the food chain.
22. Improve farming methods (v): c i ti n k thu t trong tr t
Synonym: improve agricultural methods
improve farming techniques/ practices
Example: By improving farming methods, farmers can increase productivity,
efficiency, and profitability as well as reduce malnutrition and enhance food security.
23. Organic food (n): th c n h u c
Definition: Organic food is food produced by methods that comply with the standards
of organic farming. Standards vary worldwide, but organic farming in general features
practices that strive to cycle resources, promote ecological balance, and conserve
biodiversity.
Example: There are a number of vegetarian restaurant in the city center that serve a
variety of vegan dishes and organic food.
24. Play an important role in (v): đóng 1 vai trò quan tr ng trong…
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Synonym: play a crucial/ vital/ key role in…
Definition: Zoos play an important role in raising people's awareness for the need to
protect species and their habitats.
25. Wildlife conservation (n): b o t n sinh v t hoang dã
Synonym: Wildlife protection
Definition: The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure that nature will be around for
future generations to enjoy and also to recognize the importance of wildlife
and wilderness for humans and other species alike.
26. To protect endangered species (v): b o v các loài b đe d a
Example: Government should take the initiative to protect endangered species as
biodiversity is under enormous threat, and the extinction of many species is happening at an
alarming rate.
27. Job opportunity (n): c h i ngh nghi p
Synonym: career opportunity/ employment opportunity.
Example: Job opportunities at zoological parks can be quite scarce as many
animal career seekers are interested in working with exotic wildlife.
28. Artificial environment(n): môi tr

ng nhân t o

Definition: An environment that is simulated or made by humans, not by nature.
Example: While animals in the wild receive stimulus by interacting with their
environment as well as by seeking and consuming food, avoiding predators and finding
mates, zoo animals in their controlled artificial environments lack these stimuli.
29. Limited space(n): Không gian h n ch
Example: Zoos only offer limited space, which may not be enough for elephants to
thrive.

30. Natural habitats (n): môi tr

ng s ng t nhiên

Definition: The natural environment in which a species or group of species lives
Example: For over 40 years, visitors of Singapore Zoo have immersed themselves in
one the most beautiful settings in the world, where animals roam freely in open and natural
habitats.
31. Unethical (adj): trái đ o lý
Definition: Morally wrong and evil
Example: It is believed that keeping animals in zoos is unethical.
32. For entertainment and profit: cho m c đích gi i trí và l i nhu n
Example: For entertainment and profit, zoo animals are treated in an unethical way.
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III. CITIES
1. Urbanization (n): đô th hóa
Definition: The process by which more and more people leave the countryside to live
in cities
Example: Rapid urbanization in Vietnam has brought both opportunities and
challenges to the country.

2. In search of (something): tìm ki m…
Definition: Looking for, seeking.
Example: More than 250 million migrants moved to the city in search of a better life
for their families.
3. Greater employment possibilities(n): c h i vi c làm r ng m h n
Definition: better job opportunities.
Example: There are greater employment opportunities for Vietnamese women in cities
than in the countryside.
4. A higher standard of living(n): ch t l

ng cu c s ng cao h n

Definition: the larger amount of money and better comfort people have in a particular
society.
Example: As countries develop, workers move from rural to urban areas in search
of higher standards of living and greater employment opportunities.
5. To migrate to cities from the countryside(v): di c t nông thôn lên thành ph
Definition: To moved from rural areas to urban areas
Example: Over the past three decades, about half a billion people migrated to cities
from the countryside, seeking work in manufacturing and services as China developed its
special economic zones and export-oriented industries.
6. Cost of living (n): chi phí sinh ho t
Definition: the amount of money that a person needs to live
Synonym: living expenses
Example: The cost of living in the United States will vary depending on which region
of the United States that you live in and whether you live in an urban, rural, or suburban
area.
7. Homelessness and poverty (n): vô gia c và nghèo đói
Definition: without home and being poor
Example: The authority should develop and implement policies designed to end urban

homelessness and poverty.
8. A gap between rich and poor (n): kho ng cách giàu nghèo
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Definition: the difference between rich and poor.
Example: The gap between rich and poor has increased in almost every region of the
world over the last four decades, according to a recent report.
9. Traffic congestion (n): n n k t xe
Synonym: traffic jam/ traffic obstruction
Example: in recent decades, traffic congestion is considered one of the leading
transportation issues for metropolitan areas .
10. To lack a sense of community (v): thi u s g n k t c ng đ ng
Definition: the feeling that you belong to a community
Example: Lacking a sense of community acts as a deterrent to mutual understanding
and social bonding in urban regions.
11. concrete jungles (n): r ng bê tông
Definition: an ugly grey area of a city where people live in closely crowded apartment
buildings and there is little space and no trees or grass.
Example: This park is one of the places where I can escape from the hustle and bustle
of the concrete jungle.
12. Pedestrian Area/ pedestrian zone (n): khu/ đ

ng dành cho ng

i đi b

Synonym: pedestrianized street.
Definition: Pedestrian zones are areas of a city or town reserved for pedestrian-only
use and in which most or all automobile traffic may be prohibited.
Example: pedestrian zones are usually located in main areas of a city centre known
for leisurely activities.
13. To build bicycle lanes (v): xây d ng đ

ng đi dành cho xe đ p

Example: More bicycle lanes in the urban areas should be built to guarantee the safety
of cyclists.
14. Dependence on cars (n): s ph thu c vào xe máy
Definition: the state of relying on cars to get around.
Synonym: reliance on cars
Example: Greater dependence on cars results in more air contamination in world's
cities.
15. Obesity (n): b nh béo phì-> obese (adj): béo phì
Definition: the fact of being extremely fat, in a way that is dangerous for health
Example: Walking on a daily basis could reduce the overweight and obesity risk
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16. A resident (n): c dân -> residential area (n): khu dân c
Definition: a person who lives or has their home in a place
Synonym: a dweller, an inhabitant
Example: With the technology of information went deep into the traffic, urban
residents would take convenience, economy, safety and comfort into deep
consideration before making the trip decisions.
IV. CRIME
1. Crime (n): t i ph m
Synonym: delinquency, wrongdoing, illegal activity
Example: Something must be done to reduce the level of crime in the area.
2. Criminal (n): ng

i ph m t i

Definition: someone who commits a crime.
Synonym: offender= lawbreaker= wrongdoer= delinquent
Example: Enforcing stricter punishments would go against the motivation to commit
crimes.
3. Crime Prevention (n)/ to prevent crime (v): phòng ch ng t i ph m
Definition: Crime prevention includes all the activities that contribute to halting or
reducing crime as a social phenomenon.
Synonym: Crime prevention is everyone's responsibility, not just law enforcement.
4. Make communities safer(v): làm cho c ng đ ng an toàn h n
Synonym: to ensure the safety of communities/ ensure the security of communities.
Example: local residents can take steps to make communities safer by considering

strategies to engage youth in safety practices.
5. Be in close contact with: gi liên l c/ lien h v i
Synonym: keep in close contact/touch with
Example: Local citizens should build positive relationships and be in close contact
with the local authority.
6. To drop out of school (v): b h c
Definition: Dropping out means leaving high school, college, university or another
group for practical reasons.
Example: Because of the negative social and economic consequences of dropping out
of school, it is important that we identify factors that increase the risk of dropping out of
school.
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7. Become involved with gangs (v): dính líu t i b ng đ ng t i ph m
Definition: become a part of a group of criminals who work together.
Synonym: get involved with gang activities


Gang involvement (n)

Example: Many volunteers are making an effort to help prevent youth from becoming

involved with gangs.
8. A fine (n): 1 hình ph t
Definition: an amount of money that has to be paid as a punishment for not obeying a
rule or law.
Example: If found guilty, he faces six months in jail and a severe fine.
9.

Punishment (for) (n): hình ph t
Definition: the act of punishing someone

Example: Many people think that the death penalty is too severe a punishment for any
crime.
10. A minor crime (n): t i ph m v t
Synonym: petty crime, minor offense.
Example: Ignoring minor crimes such as littering and vandalism promotes a general
air of lawlessness that fosters more serious crime.
11. To pose a threat to (v): gây nguy hi m cho…
Definition: to cause something, especially a problem or difficulty
Example: International drug trafficking has posed a threat to the national stability.
12. To ensure the safety of (v): đ m b o an toàn cho
Synonym: guarantee the security of
Example: Police website provides informative safety tips and measures that citizens
can take to ensure safety of themselves and their loved ones.
13. To re-offend (v): ph m t i l i
Definition: commit a further offense.
Example: It is totally unacceptable that half of all adult offenders released from prison
reoffend within a year.
14. A criminal record (n): lý l ch ph m t i
Definition: a record of a person's criminal history.
Synonym: police record

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Example: They fired him when they found out he had a criminal record.
15. Rehabilitation(n): s c i t o/ s ph c h i
Definition: the process of helping someone to return to a healthy or good way of life
after they have been in prison.
Example: Rehabilitation program not only prevent crime, but are cost-effective and
practical.
16. Receive education of vocational training: ti p nh n giáo d c d y ngh
Definition: providing prisoners with skills and education that prepare them for a job
Example: Prisoners who receive education of vocational training are significantly less
likely to return to prison after release and are more likely to find employment than peers
who do not receive such opportunities.
17. Capital punishment (n): án t hình
Definition: punishment by death, as ordered by a legal system
Synonym: death penalty
Example: Capital punishment has been used as a method of crime deterrence since
the earliest societies.
18. To deter (v): ng n ch n/ c n tr
Definition: to prevent or discourage someone from doing something
Example: There is no credible argument that the death penalty deters crime

19. To commit an offence(v): ph m t i
Synonym: commit a crime.
Example: How social media is changing the way people commit offences and how
police fight it.
20. To be tolerated: đ

c khoan dung/ đ

c tha th

Definition: To tolerate means to accept behavior and beliefs that are different
from your own, although you may not agree with or approve of them
Example: Many people believe that anti-social behaviors and crime should not be
tolerated anywhere.
21. A form of revenge (n): 1 cách tr thù
Definition: a type of harm done to someone as a punishment for harm that they have
done to someone else.
Example: Some people mistakenly say justice is a form of revenge.
22. The cost of imprisonment (n): chi phí c m t
Definition: imprisonment means the state of being imprisoned.
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Synonym: The cost of incarceration
Example: It is estimated that the average cost of imprisonment in Vietnam will
increase substantially in the next two decades.
23. Innocent people (n): ng

i vô t i

Definition: people who are not guilty of a particular crime.
Example: Innocent people do not deserve to be punished for acts they did not commit
24. To be wrongly convicted and executed: b k t án và x ph t sai
Definition:
- to convicted means to decide officially in a law court that someone is guilty of a
crime
- to execute means to kill someone as a legal punishment
Example: Although there are many laws and procedures in place to prevent it from
happening, the truth is that sometimes innocent people could be wrongly convicted and
executed of crimes they didn't commit.
25. A deterrent (n): 1 s c n tr
Definition: something that deters people from doing something.
Example:
be offenders.

Tougher prison sentences may serve as a

deterrent to other would-

26. A violent culture(n): v n hóa b o l c
Definition: a culture in which violent activities and killing are encouraged.
Example: It is believed that a violent culture breeds offenders and glorifies illegal

activities.
27. To take somebody’s life: l y m ng/ gi t (ai đó)
Definition: to kill somebody.
Example: Taking another human life could be considered morally unacceptable.
28. Community service (n): d ch v ph c v c ng đ ng
Definition: work done without payment to help other people. Criminals whose crime
was not serious enough for them to be put in prison are sometimes ordered to do community
service.
Example: The judge ordered him to pay a fine and perform 100 hours of community
service.
29. To reform offenders (v): c i t o t i ph m
Definition: to make an improvement by changing offenders’ behaviour
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