TestBank psychology around us 2nd edition comer ch16

Chapter 16
1. Approximately how many people (children, adolescents, and adults) in the United States receive
therapy for psychological problems in the course of a year?
a) 2 million
b) 5 million
c) 10 million
d) 20 million
Ans: d
Feedback A: Approximately 20 million people receive treatment for psychological problems.
Feedback B: Approximately 20 million people receive treatment for psychological problems.
Feedback C: Approximately 20 million people receive treatment for psychological problems.
Feedback D: Correct
Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter
treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment.
Difficulty: Medium
2. Which of the following is NOT one of the features of all therapies, according to Jerome Frank?
a) A warm, supportive environment to foster healing.
b) A sufferer who seeks relief from a healer.
c) A trained, socially accepted healer.
d) A series of contacts between the healer and sufferer to produce change.
Ans: a
Feedback A: Correct
Feedback B: This is one of the three features.
Feedback C: This is one of the three features.
Feedback D: This is one of the three features.
Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they
enter treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment.
Difficulty: Easy
3. Surveys suggest that approximately _____ of clients enter therapy largely because of problems

with marital, family, job, peer, school, or community relationships.
a) 10%
b) 25%
c) 40%
d) 65%
Ans: b
Feedback A: Approximately 25% of clients enter therapy largely because of problems with marital,
family, job, peer, school, or community relationships.
Feedback B: Correct
Feedback C: Approximately 25% of clients enter therapy largely because of problems with marital,
family, job, peer, school, or community relationships.


Feedback D: Approximately 25% of clients enter therapy largely because of problems with marital,
family, job, peer, school, or community relationships.
Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter
treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment.
Difficulty: Medium
4. Whereas close to _____ patients were being cared for in public mental hospitals on any given
day in 1955, only about _____ populate the same institutions today.
a) 200,000 / 20,000
b) 400,000 / 20,000
c) 600,000 / 40,000
d) 800,000 / 40,000
Ans: c
Feedback A: Whereas close to 600,000 patients were being cared for in public mental hospitals on
any given day in 1955, only about 40,000 populate the same institutions today.
Feedback B: Whereas close to 600,000 patients were being cared for in public mental hospitals on
any given day in 1955, only about 40,000 populate the same institutions today.

Feedback C: Correct
Feedback D: Whereas close to 600,000 patients were being cared for in public mental hospitals
on any given day in 1955, only about 40,000 populate the same institutions today.
Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter
treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment.
Difficulty: Hard
5. Which of the following therapy techniques is based on the brain approach to treating
psychological disorders?
a) Psychosurgery
b) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
c) Drug therapy
d) All of the above
Ans: d
Feedback A: Psychosurgery, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and drug therapy are based on the
brain approach.
Feedback B: Psychosurgery, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and drug therapy are based on the
brain approach.
Feedback C: Psychosurgery, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and drug therapy are based on the
brain approach.
Feedback D: Correct
Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter
treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment.
Difficulty: Medium
True-False


6. The number and variety of problems for which treatments are available have increased during
the past 110 years.

Ans: True
Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter
treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment.
Difficulty: Medium
7. More than two-thirds of today’s therapy patients are male.
Ans: False
Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter
treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment.
Difficulty: Easy
8. People at all socioeconomic levels now receive both outpatient and inpatient therapy.
Ans: True
Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter
treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment.
Difficulty: Easy
9. Members of ethnic minority groups in the United States tend to seek treatment for their
psychological problems more often than white Americans do.
Ans: False
Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter
treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment.
Difficulty: Hard
10. Clients who have severe psychological disorders such as schizophrenia are more likely to work with a
psychologist than psychiatrist.
Ans: False
Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter
treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment.

Difficulty: Medium
11. Hospitalization for people with psychological disorders today usually lasts weeks instead of
months or years.
Ans: True
Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World


Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter
treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment.
Difficulty: Medium
12. Most people are treated for psychological disorders on an inpatient basis.
Ans: False
Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter
treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment.
Difficulty: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
13. Studies estimate that _____ percent or more of people with psychological disorders never
seek treatment.
Ans: 50
Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter
treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment.
Difficulty: Medium
14. In the clinical field today there are, by some estimates, more than ______ forms of therapy,
each practiced by clinicians who believe that their chosen methodology is highly effective.
Ans: 400
Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter
treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment.

Difficulty: Medium
Short Answer
15. How do internet sites that promote eating disorders work against therapy?
Ans: Internet sites that promote eating disorders provide social support for maladaptive behavior.
Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter
treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment.
Difficulty: Hard
Essay
16. Compare the psychotherapy and biological therapy approach to treating psychological disorders.
Ans: Psychotherapy is a treatment system in which a client and therapist use words and acts to overcome
the client’s psychological difficulties. Biological therapy involves the use of physical and chemical


procedures to help people overcome psychological difficulties
Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter
treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment.
Difficulty: Easy
17. Describe the various ways that people enter therapy.
Ans: Many people decide to consult a therapist on their own. Others may do so on the advice of a
friend, family member, minister, physician, or other professional with whom they have discussed
their difficulties. Still others are forced into treatment. Parents, spouses, teachers, and employers
may virtually order people to seek treatment if they are causing disruptions or are in obvious
distress. In addition, judges may formally pronounce people mentally disturbed and dangerous
and commit them to a mental hospital for treatment.
Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter
treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment.
Difficulty: Medium

18. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of psychodynamic therapy.
Ans: Psychodynamic therapy offered first major alternative to biological treatments. Another
strength of the psychodynamic approach is that abnormal functioning is viewed as being rooted in
same processes as normal functioning. The psychodynamic approach has been used as a model
for many other psychological treatments. However, the biggest weakness is that research does not
support the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapies
Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter
treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment.
Difficulty: Hard
19. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of behavior therapy.
Ans: The primary strength of the behaviorist approach is that research often supports the
effectiveness of its treatments. However, the effects of treatment may not always last long after
treatment stops. Behavior therapy may also neglect unobservable cognitive processes.
Section Ref: Treatment in Today’s World
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter
treatment, and what general features characterize types of treatment.
Difficulty: Hard
Fill-in-the-blank
20. Drugs that act primarily on the brain to relieve the symptoms of mental disorders are referred to as
__________ drugs.
Ans: psychotropic
Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain
Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders.


Difficulty: Medium
21. ______ antipsychotic drugs are not as likely to produce unpleasant and dangerous effects as
traditional antipsychotic drugs.
Ans: atypical

Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain
Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
True-False
22. Just as negative experiences can interact with brain activity to produce abnormal functioning,
positive experiences can interact with the brain to make our functioning more normal.
Ans: True
Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain
Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
23. Deep brain stimulation is widely used to treat patients who report minor depressive symptoms.
Ans: False
Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain
Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
Short Answer
24. What percentage of individuals treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) experience symptom
relief?
Ans: Approximately 70% of patients experience symptom relief.
Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain
Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Hard
Essay
25. How can transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) be used to treat depression?
Ans: TMS involves having a clinician place an electromagnetic coil on or above the patient’s head. The
coil sends a current into the prefrontal cortex. At least some parts of the prefrontal cortex of depressed
people are underactive. TMS appears to increase neuron activity in those regions: it helps to alleviate
severe depression.
26. Describe the procedures used in the Vagus nerve stimulation treatment of depression.
Ans: In this procedure, an implanted pulse generator sends electrical signals to the left vagus nerve. That

nerve then delivers electrical signals to the brain, helping to reduce depression in many people.


Multiple Choice
27. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment for patients who have severe ______.
a) schizophrenia
b) generalized anxiety disorder
c) borderline personality disorder
d) depression
Ans: d
Feedback A: ECT is used to treat severe cases of depression.
Feedback B: ECT is used to treat severe cases of depression.
Feedback C: ECT is used to treat severe cases of depression.
Feedback D: Correct!
Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain
Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
28. Approximately _____ transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) patients who are treated daily for four
weeks report alleviated depression.
a) 40%
b) 55%
c) 65%
d) 80%
Ans: c
Feedback A: Approximately 65% of severely depressed patients report alleviated symptoms after TMS
treatment.
Feedback B: Correct!
Feedback C: Approximately 65% of severely depressed patients report alleviated symptoms after TMS
treatment.
Feedback D: Approximately 65% of severely depressed patients report alleviated symptoms after TMS

treatment.
Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain
Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
29. Approximately _____ vagus nerve stimulation patients who are treated daily for four weeks report
alleviated depression.
a) 40%
b) 55%
c) 65%
d) 80%
Ans: c
Feedback A: Approximately 65% of severely depressed patients report alleviated symptoms after vagus


nerve stimulation treatment.
Feedback B: Correct!
Feedback C: Approximately 65% of severely depressed patients report alleviated symptoms after vagus
nerve stimulation treatment.
Feedback D: Approximately 65% of severely depressed patients report alleviated symptoms after vagus
nerve stimulation treatment.
Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain
Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
30. Deep brain stimulation is a procedure applied in cases of severe ______.
a) depression
b) Parkinson’s disease
c) epilepsy
d) All of the above
Ans: d
Feedback A: Deep brain stimulation is a procedure applied in cases of severe depression, Parkinson’s

disease, and epilepsy.
Feedback B: Deep brain stimulation is a procedure applied in cases of severe depression, Parkinson’s
disease, and epilepsy.
Feedback C: Deep brain stimulation is a procedure applied in cases of severe depression, Parkinson’s
disease, and epilepsy.
Feedback D: Correct!
Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain
Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
31. Psychiatrists are likely to which of the following approaches to treating psychological disorders?
a) Humanistic approach
b) Brain approach
c) Behavioral approach
d) Cognitive approach
e) Sociocultural approach
Ans: b
Feedback A: Psychiatrists tend to take the brain approach.
Feedback B: Correct!
Feedback C: Psychiatrists tend to take the brain approach.
Feedback D: Psychiatrists tend to take the brain approach.
Feedback E: Psychiatrists tend to take the brain approach.
Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain
Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
32. Connections in what part of the brain are severed when a lobotomy is performed?


a) Frontal lobes
b) Thalamus
c) Amygdala

d) Pons
Ans: a
Feedback A: Correct!
Feedback B: Not manipulated in a lobotomy
Feedback C: Not manipulated in a lobotomy
Feedback D: Not manipulated in a lobotomy
Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain
Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Easy

True/False
33. Lobotomies are used frequently by modern therapists to treat mental disorders.
Ans: False
Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain
Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Easy

Fill-in-the-blank

34. The prehistoric practice of chipping a hole in the skull of a person who behaved in an odd manner was
called __________.
Ans: trephination
Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain
Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Hard

Short Answer

35. Name 2 side effects of patients who underwent lobotomies?
Ans: Death, seizures, stupor

Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain
Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders.


Difficulty: Medium

Essay

36. Describe the shortcomings of the biological approach to treating mental disorders.
Ans: Treatments are capable of producing significant undesirable effects; often ignore the fact that
behavior occurs as a result of non-biological factors such as experience.
Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain
Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Hard

37. Which of the following statements about biologically based disorders is true?
a) In most biologically-based disorders, a single gene has been identified as responsible for the
disorder.
b) If someone has a genetic predisposition for a particular disorder, that person will develop the
disorder.
c) More psychological disorders are caused by problems in neurotransmitter levels than by genetic
problems.
d) Abnormal functioning is a complex interaction of a variety of biological processes.
Ans: d
Feedback A: Abnormal functioning is a complex interaction of a variety of biological processes.
Feedback B: Abnormal functioning is a complex interaction of a variety of biological processes.
Feedback C: Abnormal functioning is a complex interaction of a variety of biological processes.
Feedback D: Correct
Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain
Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders.

Difficulty: Medium

38. Chlorpromazine and clozapine are types of _______ drugs
a) anti-psychotic
b) anti-depressant
c) anti-anxiety
d) mood stabilizers
Ans: a
Feedback A: Correct
Feedback B: These drugs are anti-psychotic medications.
Feedback C: These drugs are anti-psychotic medications.
Feedback D: These drugs are anti-psychotic medications.
Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain


Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
39. Which of the following is an anti-depressant?
a) lithium
b) fluoxetine
c) benzodiazepine
d) clozaril
Ans: b
Feedback A: This is a mood stabilizer.
Feedback B: Correct
Feedback C: This is an anti-anxiety medication.
Feedback D: This is an anti-psychotic medication.
Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain
Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Hard

40. Which of the following is NOT an anti-depressant?
a) Elavil
b) Norpramin
c) Paxil
d) Valium
Ans: d
Feedback A: This is an anti-depressant.
Feedback B: This is an anti-depressant.
Feedback C: This is an anti-depressant.
Feedback D: Correct
Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain
Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Hard

41. Which of the following drugs is likely to cause severe shaking and contractions of the face and body?
a) anti-depressants
b) anti-psychotic drugs
c) mood stabilizers
d) anti-anxiety drugs.
Ans: b
Feedback A: These symptoms are side-effects of antipsychotic drugs.
Feedback B: Correct
Feedback C: These symptoms are side-effects of antipsychotic drugs.
Feedback D: These symptoms are side-effects of antipsychotic drugs.
Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain
Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders.


Difficulty: Easy

42. Lobotomies were a widely used treatment for _____.
a) depression
b) schizophrenia
c) bipolar disorder
d) personality disorders
Ans: b
Feedback A: Lobotomies were a widely used treatment for schizophrenia.
Feedback B: Correct
Feedback C:
Feedback D:
Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain
Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
43. ECT is one available treatment for
a) depression.
b) schizophrenia.
c) bipolar disorder.
d) personality disorders
Ans: a
Feedback A: Correct
Feedback B: Electroconvulsive therapy is used to treat depression.
Feedback C: Electroconvulsive therapy is used to treat depression.
Feedback D: Electroconvulsive therapy is used to treat depression.
Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain
Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium

44. Which of the following statements about ECT is FALSE?
a) It induces seizures in the brain.
b) It helps 70% of patients treated.

c) It can affect short-term memory, sometimes permanently.
d) It is used more now than in the past because of more advanced medical techniques.
Ans: d
Feedback A: This statement is true.
Feedback B: This statement is true.
Feedback C: This statement is true.
Feedback D: Correct
Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain
Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders.


Difficulty: Medium
45. Margaret has suffered from severe depression for many years. Which of the following procedures
might she be considering?
a) electroconvulsive therapy
b) neurosurgery
c) lobotomy
d) trephining
Ans: a
Feedback A: Correct
Feedback B: Neurosurgery is a general term for any brain surgery.
Feedback C: Lobotomies are no longer used.
Feedback D: Trephining consists of chipping a hole in the skull to allow evil spirits to escape.
Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain
Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Easy
46. The primary action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is to _____
of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain.
a) decrease the availability
b) increase the availability

c) stop the production
d) simulate a synthetic substance that mimic the effects of
Ans: b
Feedback A: Correct
Feedback B: The primary action of SSRIs is to increase the availability of the neurotransmitter serotonin
in the brain.
Feedback C: The primary action of SSRIs is to increase the availability of the neurotransmitter serotonin
in the brain.
Feedback D: The primary action of SSRIs is to increase the availability of the neurotransmitter serotonin
in the brain.
Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain
Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
True-False
47. Antidepressant drugs stimulate the production of synapses in the hippocampus.
Ans: True
Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain
Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
Most patients who take selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs report relief of their depressive
symptoms almost immediately after the first day of use.


Ans: False
Section Ref: Brain Approaches What Happens in The Brain
Learning Objective: Describe the major brain treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
Essay
48. How do antidepressant drugs restore brain activity to normal levels?
Ans: The prefrontal cortex of depressed individuals shows reduced activity and a lower than normal level

of blood flow. Some studies suggest that antidepressants ultimately raise activity in this brain region and
restore blood flow to levels observed in nondepressed individuals. Similar findings have been reported for
the amygdala.

Section Ref: Psychodynamic Therapies How We Develop
Essay
49. Discuss the similarities between Freudian psychoanalysis, short-term psychodynamic therapy,
and relational psychoanalytic therapy.
Ans: All three types of treatment share the goals of helping clients to uncover past traumatic
events and the inner conflicts that have resulted from them. All are focused on trying to resolve,
or settle, those conflicts in order to resume interrupted personal development. Psychodynamic
therapists of different theoretical persuasions might focus on different conflicts, but they tend to
use similar techniques.
Section Ref: Psychodynamic Therapies How We Develop
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Hard
50. Describe the role of the therapist in relational psychoanalytic therapy
Ans: In relational psychoanalytic therapy, therapists are key figures in the lives of clients—
figures whose reactions and beliefs should be directly included in the therapy process. Thus, a key
principle of relational psychoanalytic therapy is that therapists should also disclose things about
themselves, particularly their own reactions to patients, and try to establish more equal
relationships with clients.
Section Ref: Psychodynamic Therapies How We Develop
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
51. Describe short-term psychodynamic therapy and the concept of a dynamic focus.
Ans: In short-term psychodynamic therapy, clients focus on a single problem—a dynamic focus
—such as excessive dependence on other people. The therapist and client center their discussions
on this problem and work only on issues that relate to it. Short-term psychodynamic therapy
takes less time, can be more efficient, and can be more cost-effective than traditional Freudian

psychoanalytic therapy.


Section Ref: Psychodynamic Therapies How We Develop
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
52. Freud believed that psychodynamic therapists should take on the role of a _____ during a
treatment session.
Ans: neutral, distant expert
Section Ref: Psychodynamic Therapies How We Develop
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
53. In dream analysis, the ______ content refers to the consciously remembered dream, whereas
the ______ content refers to the symbolic meaning.
Ans: manifest / content
Section Ref: Psychodynamic Therapies How We Develop
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
Multiple choice
54. Psychodynamic therapists contend that today’s emotional disorder is the result of ______.
a) yesterday’s emotional trauma
b) yesterday’s maladaptive behaviors
c) today’s negative style of thinking
d) today’s abnormal brain
Ans: a
Feedback A: Correct
Feedback B: Psychodynamic therapists contend that today’s emotional disorder is the result of
yesterday’s emotional trauma.
Feedback C: Psychodynamic therapists contend that today’s emotional disorder is the result of

yesterday’s emotional trauma.
Feedback D: Psychodynamic therapists contend that today’s emotional disorder is the result of
yesterday’s emotional trauma.
Section Ref: Psychodynamic Therapies How We Develop
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Hard
55. Approximately _____ of today’s clinical psychologists identify themselves as psychodynamic
therapists.
a) 5%
b) 10%


c) 15%
d) 25%
e) 35%
Ans: c
Feedback A: Approximately 15% of today’s clinical psychologists identify themselves as
psychodynamic therapists.
Feedback B: Approximately 15% of today’s clinical psychologists identify themselves as
psychodynamic therapists.
Feedback C: Correct
Feedback D: Approximately 15% of today’s clinical psychologists identify themselves as
psychodynamic therapists.
Feedback E: Approximately 15% of today’s clinical psychologists identify themselves as
psychodynamic therapists.
Section Ref: Psychodynamic Therapies How We Develop
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Hard
56. Rena is a therapist who uses resistance, transference, and dream analysis when treating her
patients. Rena is practicing the _____ approach to therapy.

a) cognitive-behavioral
b) gestalt
c) humanistic
d) psychodynamic
Ans: d
Feedback A: Resistance, transference, and dream analysis are of interest to the psychodynamic
therapist.
Feedback B: Resistance, transference, and dream analysis are of interest to the psychodynamic
therapist.
Feedback C: Resistance, transference, and dream analysis are of interest to the psychodynamic
therapist.
Feedback D: Correct
Section Ref: Psychodynamic Therapies How We Develop
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
57. When the patient reveals every thought that comes to mind, this is called
a) transference.
b) free association.
c) unconscious motivation
d) a Freudian slip
Ans: b
Feedback A: In transference, the client uses the therapist as a surrogate.
Feedback B: Correct
Feedback C: Unconscious motivation refers to the fact that we don’t always know the reasons for our
behavior.


Feedback D: A Freudian slip is when you say what you really think by mistake.
Section Ref: Psychodynamic Therapies How We Develop
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.

Difficulty: Easy
58. Marcia has cancelled one therapy session and is already 10 minutes late for her next one. A
psychoanalyst might conclude that Marcia is
a) using transference.
b) exhibiting catharis.
c) showing resistance.
d) free associating.
Ans: c
Feedback A: In transference, the client uses the therapist as a surrogate.
Feedback B: Catharsis is the venting of pent-up emotion.
Feedback C: Correct
Feedback D: Free association means saying anything that comes to mind.
Section Ref: Psychodynamic Therapies How We Develop
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Hard

59. Dr Morgan has always been patient and supportive with his clients. One day, one of them says “Stop
trying to control me. You always do that.” This would be seen by a Freudian therapist as an example of
a) free association.
b) resistance.
c) catharsis,
d) transference.
Ans: d
Feedback A: Free association means saying anything that comes to mind.
Feedback B: Resistance occurs when people encounter a block in their free association.
Feedback C: Catharsis is the venting of pent-up emotion.
Feedback D: Correct
Section Ref: Psychodynamic Therapies How We Develop
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Hard

60. Which of the following is NOT a component of psychodynamic therapy?
a) reflective listening.
b) working through.
c) therapist interpretation.
d) catharsis.
Ans: a
Feedback A: Correct
Feedback B: This is one of the components.


Feedback C: This is one of the components.
Feedback D: This is one of the components.
Section Ref: Psychodynamic Therapies How We Develop
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Easy
61. Which of the following statements about psychodynamic therapy is TRUE?
a) Experiencing catharsis will create lasting changes in a person.
b) Resistance is an undesirable event and should be avoided.
c) In order for lasting insight to be gained, a client must examine the same issues over and over again.
d) Psychodynamic therapy is as effective as most other forms of psychotherapy.
Ans: c
Feedback A: Catharsis is only the first step in change; it must be followed by working through.
Feedback B: Resistance is an indication that unconscious feelings are being addressed.
Feedback C: Correct
Feedback D: The effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy is not supported by empirical research.
Section Ref: Psychodynamic Therapies How We Develop
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
Multiple Choice

62. When Jonah lies down on his therapist’s couch, he is asked to describe thoughts as they come to mind.
What therapeutic technique does this describe?
a) Transference
b) Transduction
c) Free association
d) Resistance
Ans: c
Feedback A: Jonah’s therapist is using free association.
Feedback B: Jonah’s therapist is using free association.
Feedback C: Correct!
Feedback D: Jonah’s therapist is using free association.
Section Ref: Psychodynamic Therapies How We Develop
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
True/False
63. In psychodynamic therapies, the therapist is responsible for starting and leading each
discussion.
Ans: False
Section Ref: Psychodynamic Therapies How We Develop
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Easy


Only a few research studies have found psychodynamic therapies to be more effective than no
treatment or placebo treatments.
Ans: True
Section Ref: Psychodynamic Therapies How We Develop
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
Short Answer

64. What psychological phenomenon is exhibited when patients act and feel toward the therapist
as they do toward important figures in their lives, past and present?
Ans: Transference
Section Ref: Psychodynamic Therapies How We Develop
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium

Short Answer
65. What experience of reliving past, repressed feelings is believed to be a method of gaining insight?
Ans: Catharsis
Section Ref: Psychodynamic Therapies How We Develop
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium

Essay
66. Describe the technique of “working through”.
Ans: Psychodynamic therapists and their patients re-examine the same issues repeatedly during treatment
with greater clarity over time to gain lasting behavioral change.
Section Ref: Psychodynamic Therapies How We Develop
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
67. Which of the following statements about the impact Freud and his followers have had on treatment is
FALSE?
a) They were the first practitioners to demonstrate the value of systematically applying both theory and
techniques to treatment.
b) They were also the first to clarify the potential of psychological, as opposed to biological, treatment.


c) Their ideas have served as a starting point for many other psychological treatments.
d) Their ideas have been strongly supported by empirical research.

Ans: d
Feedback A: This statement is true.
Feedback B: This statement is true.
Feedback C: This statement is true.
Feedback D: Correct
Section Ref: Psychodynamic Therapies How We Develop
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Hard
68. The goal of behavioral therapy is to identify the client’s ______.
a) specific problem-causing behaviors and to replace them with more adaptive behaviors
b) unconscious childhood conflicts and repressed memories
c) source of motivation for self-actualization
d) abnormal brain functioning
Ans: a
Feedback A: Correct
Feedback B: The goal of behavioral therapy is to replace maladaptive behaviors with adaptive behaviors.
Feedback C: The goal of behavioral therapy is to replace maladaptive behaviors with adaptive behaviors.
Feedback D: The goal of behavioral therapy is to replace maladaptive behaviors with adaptive behaviors.
Section Ref: Behavioral Therapies
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioral treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
True-False
69. Research has repeatedly found that systematic desensitization and other classical conditioning
techniques reduce phobic reactions more effectively than placebo treatments or no treatment at
all.
Ans: True
Section Ref: Behavioral Therapies
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioral treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Easy
Short Answer

70. List the three categories of behavioral techniques.
Ans: classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and modeling.
Section Ref: Behavioral Therapies
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioral treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium


Multiple Choice
71. The goal of _______ is for to clients acquire anxiety responses to stimuli that they have been
finding too attractive.
a) flooding
b) drug therapy
c) humanistic therapy
d) aversion therapy
Ans: d
Feedback A: The goal of aversion therapy is for to clients acquire anxiety responses to stimuli
that they have been finding too attractive.
Feedback B: Correct!
Feedback C: The goal of aversion therapy is for to clients acquire anxiety responses to stimuli that they
have been finding too attractive.
Feedback D: The goal of aversion therapy is for to clients acquire anxiety responses to stimuli that they
have been finding too attractive.
Section Ref: Behavioral Therapies
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioral treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium

72. Which of the following is a consequence of maladaptive behavior that may be learned through operant
conditioning?
a) Learned consequences are associated with pain.
b) Learned consequences are associated with pleasure.

c) Learned consequences are associated with discomfort.
d) Learned consequences are associated with anxiety.
Ans: b
Feedback A: Not learned through operant conditioning
Feedback B: Correct!
Feedback C: Not learned through operant conditioning
Feedback D: Not learned through operant conditioning
Section Ref: Behavioral Therapies
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioral treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
True/False
73. Modeling the behavior of others can lead to abnormality.
Ans: True
Section Ref: Behavioral Therapies
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioral treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Easy


Fill-in-the-blank

74. The step-by-step process by which phobias are treated using classical conditioning is known
as__________.
Ans: systematic desensitization
Section Ref: Behavioral Therapies
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioral treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium

Short Answer

75. What is the list of feared objects or situations that are used in systematic desensitization called?

Ans: Fear hierarchy
Section Ref: Behavioral Therapies
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioral treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium

Essay

76. Describe aversion therapy and provide an example.
Ans: Instance when a therapist helps a client acquire anxiety responses to stimuli; alcohol or drugs that
have been too attractive in the past
Section Ref: Behavioral Therapies
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioral treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium

Multiple Choice
77. Which condition(s) can be treated with aversion therapy?
a) Self-mutilation
b) Smoking
c) Sexual deviance
d) All of the above
Ans: d


Feedback A: All options are correct.
Feedback B: All options are correct.
Feedback C: All options are correct.
Feedback D: Correct!
Section Ref: Behavioral Therapies
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioral treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium

True/False
78. The effects of aversion therapy are typically short-lived.
Ans: True
Section Ref: Behavioral Therapies
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioral treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Easy

Short Answer

79. What concept describes the situation in which a desirable behavior is rewarded with the presentation
of an object that can later be exchanged for food or other rewards?
Ans: Token economy
Section Ref: Behavioral Therapies
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioral treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
Short Answer
80. In what settings do token economies typically occur?
Ans: Schools, prisons, or other places where a behavior can be monitored throughout the day
Section Ref: Behavioral Therapies
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioral treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
Multiple Choice
81. Systematic desensitization is used to treat _______.
Ans: Systematic desensitization is used to treat phobias, including sexual dysfunctions,
posttraumatic stress disorder, and agoraphobia.


Fill-in-the-blank

82. Pointing out the social deficits of clients, then role playing in social situations are steps used in
__________training.
Ans: social skills
Section Ref: Behavioral Therapies
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioral treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium

Short Answer

83. What are the greatest strengths of the behavioral model of treatment?
Ans: Behavior can be observed and tested in a laboratory setting. Moreover, behavioral
approaches have been effective for numerous problems, including specific fears, social deficits,
and mental retardation.
Section Ref: Behavioral Therapies
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioral treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
Essay
84. Describe the criticisms of the behavioral approach to therapy.
Ans: The behavioral approach is too simplistic to account for the complexity of behavior; lab results may
not generalize to real life
Section Ref: Behavioral Therapies
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioral treatments for psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Hard
Multiple Choice
85. In systematic desensitization,
a) clients are exposed to high amounts of whatever they are afraid of.
b) clients move through a fear hierarchy while practicing relaxation.
c) clients are conditioned to replace previously pleasant responses with unpleasant responses from the
same stimulus.
d) clients are given tokens which can later be exchanged for reinforcers.

Ans: b
Feedback A: This technique is not discussed in your text.
Feedback B: Correct
Feedback C: This is aversion therapy.
Feedback D: This is a token economy.
Section Ref: Behavioral Therapies
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioral treatments for psychological disorders. Difficulty: Easy
86. Peter is mentally retarded and needs assistance even to do simple things like dressing himself and
tidying his room. His caregivers want Peter to learn to be more self-sufficient. Which type of behavior
therapy would be most appropriate for Peter?
a) aversion therapy
b) systematic desensitization
c) token economy
d) social skills training
Ans: c
Feedback A: Aversion therapy is often used for breaking bad habits, not building new ones.
Feedback B: Systematic desensitization is used to extinguish phobias.
Feedback C: Correct
Feedback D: Social skills training involves role playing in social situations.
Section Ref: Behavioral Therapies
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioral treatments for psychological disorders. Difficulty:
Medium
87. Systematic desensitization works because of the principle of
a) positive reinforcement.
b) negative reinforcement.
c) punishment.
d) extinction.
Ans: d

Feedback A: Extinction involves “stamping out” a phobic response (fear) by pairing exposure to the
object of fear with relaxation training.
Feedback B: Extinction involves “stamping out” a phobic response (fear) by pairing exposure to the
object of fear with relaxation training.
Feedback C: Extinction involves “stamping out” a phobic response (fear) by pairing exposure to the
object of fear with relaxation training.
Feedback D: Correct
Section Ref: Behavioral Therapies
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioral treatments for psychological disorders. Difficulty: Hard
88. Which of the following problems would be treated by using classical conditioning?
a) Reducing problem drinking in alcoholics.
b) Changing disruptive behavior in a classroom.
c) Helping shy people overcome their social anxieties.
d) Reducing problem behaviors of hospitalized schizophrenics.