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Unit 15. Past Perfect

A

Xem vẩ dệ sau:
Sarah went to a party last week. Paul went to the party too but they didnt see each
other. Paul went home at 10.30 and Sarah arrived at 11 oclock. So:
When Sarah arrived at the party. Paul wasnt there. He had gone home (before Sarah
arrived).
Tuòn rởi Sarah ẵ ẵi dỳ tiốc. Paul cếng ẵọn buỡi tiốc ẵ nhừng hẹ ẵ khộng gĩp nhau. Paul
vồ nh lềc 10h30 v Sarah ẵọn lềc 11h. Vẫ võy:
Khi Sarah ẵọn dỳ tiốc thẫ Paul ẵ khộng cẻn ũ ẵ.
Anh ịy ẵ ẵi vồ nh (trừc khi Sarah ti)
Had gone l thẫ Past perfect (simple) Thẫ quắ khử hon thnh.

Thẫ past perfect ẵừục to thnh = had + past participle (gone/ seen/ finished...)
#ội khi chềng ta ẵồ cõp mợt viốc gẫ ẵ xy ra trong quắ khử.
Sarah arrived at the party.

Sarah ẵ ẵọn dỳ tiốc.
#íy l ẵiổm khũi ẵòu cễa cíu chuyốn. Sau ẵ nọu chềng ta muờn ni vồ nhựng sỳ viốc xy ra trừc
thủi ẵiổm ny, chềng ta dểng thẫ past perfect (had + past participle):
When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul had already gone home.

Khi Sarah ẵọn buỡi tiốc, Paul ẵ ẵi vồ nh.
Xem thóm mợt sờ vẩ dệ sau:
When we got home last night. We found that somebody had broken into the flat.

Tời qua khi chềng tội vồ nh, chềng tội phắt hiốn ra c ai ẵ ẵ ẵợt nhõp vo ngội nh.
Karen didnt want to come to the cinema with us because she had already seen the film.

Karen ẵ khộng muờn ẵi xem film vi chềng tội vẫ cộ ịy ẵ xem bợ phim (trừc ẵ) rởi.
At first I thought Id done the right, but soon I realised that Id made a serious mistake.

Thot tión tội nghậ l tội ẵ lm ẵiồu ẵềng ẵỉn nhừng chng bao líu sau tội nhõn ra l tội ẵ
phm phi mợt sai lòm nghióm trẹng.
The man sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. He hadnt flown before./ He had

never flown before.
Ngừủi ẵn ộng ngởẫ cnh tội trón mắy bay ẵ rịt hởi hợp. Trừc ẵ anh ịy chừa ẵi mắy bay./
Trừc giủ anh ịy chừa bao giủ bay.

B

Had done (past perfect) l dng quắ khử cễa have done (present perfect). Hy so sắnh cắc cíu

sau:
Who is that woman? Ive never seen her before.


NgõñÉ phÖ nù kia l¿ ai vây? Trõðc giñ téi chõa hå gÜp cé Þy.
 I didn’t know who she was. I’d never seen her before. (= before that time)

Téi ½Á khéng biät cé Þy l¿ ai. Trõðc ½Í téi chõa bao giñ gÜp cé Þy.
 We aren’t hungry. We’ve just had lunch.

ChÒng téi khéng ½Íi. ChÒng téi v÷a ×n trõa xong.
 We weren’t hungry. We’d just had lunch.

ChÒng téi ½Á khéng ½Íi (trõðc ½Í). ChÒng téi ½Á dÓng cïm trõa rëi.
 The house is dirty. They haven’t cleaned it for weeks.

Ngéi nh¿ dï qu¾. MÞy tußn rëi hÑ khéng lau chÓi gÉ cÀ.
 The house was dirty. They hadn’t cleaned it for weeks.

Ngéi nh¿ lÒc ½Í dï qu¾. MÞy tußn rëi hÑ ½Á khéng lau chÓi gÉ cÀ.

C

HÁy so s¾nh thÉ past perfect ( I had done) vði past simple (I did)

 “Was Tom at the party when you arrived?” “No, he had already gone home.”

"LÒc bÂn ½än Tom cÍ mÜt ò buìi tièc khéng?" "Khéng, anh Þy ½Á ½i vå nh¿ rëi."
nhõng
 “Was Tom there when you arrived?” “Yes, but he went home soon afterward.”

"LÒc bÂn ½än Tom cÎn ò ½Í khéng?" "CÍ, nhõng ngay sau ½Í anh Þy ½Á ½i vå nh¿."
 Ann wasn’t at home when I phoned. She was in London.

Khi téi gÑi ½ièn Ann khéng cÍ nh¿. Cé Þy ½Á ò LuÝn #én.
nhõng
 Ann had just got home when I phoned. She had been in London.

Ann ½Á vå nh¿ khi téi gÑi ½ièn thoÂi cé Þy. Cé Þy ½Á ò LuÝn ½én.