The North American species of Neuroterus and their galls, Beutenmuller

59.57.92N(7)

Article X.- THE NORTH AMERICA~SPECIES OF NEUROTERUS
AND 'l'HEIR GALLS.
By WILLIA2\f BEUTENMULLER.
PLATES

VIII-XIII.

The
paper constitut('s the seventh installment of a series of
papers on North American
and their
which have been
lished
me in the Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural
Beurotertlll
Nellroterull HARTIG, Zeitsch. fUr Ent., Vol. II, 1840, p. 18.'!. l\1A YR, Gen. Gallenb.
1881, p. 37; CRESSON,
N. Am., pt. I, 1887, p. 27;
DALLA TORRE and KIEFFER, Gen. Ins.
1002, p. 50; AsHMEAD,
Vol. X, 1003, p. 151.
Spathegaster HARTIG, Zeitsch. fUr Ent., Vol. II, 1840, p. 186; MAYR, Gen. Gallenb.
3.7; AsHMEAD,
Vol. X, 1003, p. 51.
1869, p. 333;
Ameristm
Verh. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. \Vien, Vol.
Zool. Reconl, 1869, p. 322; MAYR, Gen. Gallenb. Cynip., 1881, 37.
Jf(I1Ul!erlltjernia RADOSZKOWSKI, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscow,

X}DClX, 1886,
p.304; MAYS, Gen. Gallenb.
1881, p. 37.
Do,lic,lwlliroph.IU$ ASH~IEAD, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Vol. XIV, 1887, p. 129;
Vol. II, 1893, p. 37.
Vol. X, 1003, p. 151; DALLA TORRE, Cat.
or
crackled.
Head, thorax and scutellum smooth,
Thorax without grooves or with
grooves. Scutellum
and with a distinct, broad, transverse groove at the base.
well rounded
in the rnsle. First and second
Antennre 13-14-jointed in the fernsle,
short and stout, third joint very
and slender,
joints gra.dulally
~~ornilllg shorter. Abdomen
and
in the
small and with
a
in the rnsle.
of the rnsle very
shorter in the
female.
and narrow, open or closed at the
Areolet
and distinct. Cubitus exllendin,g to or

to the first cross-vein.
smooth,
delicate. Claws
or toothed.
Nel.lroterus

Neurotertlll batatus
quercus batatWI FITCH, .5th
Nox. Ins. N. Y. Trans. N. Y.
Soc., 1858 (1859), p. 810; THOMAS, Trans. Ill. Hort. Soc., 1878
p.198; PACKARD,

Bull. 7, U. S. Ent. Com., 1881, p. 39; lith
U. S. Ent. Com., 1800, p. 111.
batatU8 OSTEN SACKE:S, Ent. Zeit. Stettin, 1861, pp. 410, 414; Proc.
U. S. Ent. Com., 1890, p.
Vol. I, 1861, p. 71; PACKARD,5th
117


Bulletin ATllerican Museum of Natural
113; BASSETT, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., Vol. III, 1864, p. 684; Can. Ent., Vol.
18n, p. 121; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. xx.
baialull OSTEN SACKEN, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila.., Vol.
1865, pp. 340, 344,
350,353.
Neuroterull baiatull MAYR, Gl:'n. Gallenb.
1881, p. 37; ASHMEAD, Trans.
Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XII, 1885, p. 296; ibid., Vol. XIV, 1887,
132; Bull. I, Col.

BioI. Assoc., 1890, p. 38; BEUTENMCLLER, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.
Vol. IV, 1892,
262,
Xlll,
1; Am. Mus. Journ., Vol. IV., 1904, p. 107,
41; Ins. Galls
N. Y., 1904, p. 21;
41; DALLA TORRE, Cat.
Vol. II, 1893, p. 40;
BRODIE, Ann.
Forest. Ontario, 1896, p. 117,
3; DALLA TORRE and KIEFFER,
Gen. Ins.
Fam.
1902, p. 50; FELT, Ins. Affect. Park & Woodl. Trees
1906, p. 624.
Female. Head black, mil'rolICOI)ica,lly
and mouth parts brown. Antennre 16-JOlliltea,
folllowing om~s brown. Thorax
black,
Pa:mp>sid.al grooves
Anterior
linl:'s
evident.
smooth,
mi,~rosc('pi(:all.y reticulated, with a few scattered
base
Ilellllr:ll.ted from the thorax
a
smooth groove. Abdomen

black, smooth and
brown, femora dark brown in the middle
lIB are also the hind tibire.
veins brown, cross-veins
Areolet
2 to 2.2.') mrn.
Alaie. Antennre 14-jointed. Abdomen
1.25-2 mm.
1-8.) On the terminal
GaU. (Plate VIII,
of
white oak
(Quercull alba). Pol.ytllala,mo,us, hard,
often reSleml)linlg
a
in
much
than broad, and often covered
in summer and brown in winter.
a glaucous
Habitat. Canada;
England and Middle States sou,tln'lal'd;
Illinois;
westward to Colorado.

There are two annual
of N euroteruappears
in
from

of the pr{~Celjmf(
and the
second brood in
from green
The second brood OVi:DOi3its in the
from 'which
were
Mr. Bassett states
that he reared thousands of N euroteru8 batatu8 of both geloer'ations,
a series of years, and
with the same results. The
brood from the leaf
was
made up of both sexes in
numl)ers, while the brood from the late slimmer
came out in the
as the leaves
to appear, and were all females.

1l0xwsa BASSETT, Can. Ent., Vol.

1881, p. 108.
1881, p. 37; ASHMEAD, Trans.
Am. Ent.
Vol. XII, 1885, p. 296; GILLETTE, 27th
Mich. 1888,
471;
Vol. V, 1889, p. 187; BEUTENMilLLER, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
IV, 1892, p. 262; Am. Mus. Joum., Vol. IV, 1904, p. 107,
42; Ins. Galls Vicino

Neuroterus noxWsus l\L-\YR, Gen. Gallenb.


North A.merican

119

N euroterus.

N. Y., 1004, p. 21,
42; DALLA TORRE, Cat. nynl~:n., Vol. II, 1893, 44; DALLA
TORRE and KIEF~'ER. Gen. Ins.
Faro.
1902, p. 51;
Ins. All.
Pk. & Woodl. Trees, 1006, p. 624.
Neuroterus noxWsa AsHMEAD, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XIV, 1887, p. 132.
FernaU!. Head black,
and
punctate, mouth part
Antennre
first to sixth joints
remaining joints dark
brown. Thorax black,
smooth, but under a
power lens,
a fine crackled surface.
grooves wanting. Scutellum black,
micrl>scop:ically wrinkled, with a curved groove at the base. Abdomen black, smooth
and

dark brown,
and tarsi
veins
dark brown and distinct. Areolet small, but
to the first cross-vein.
1.25 to 1.50 mm.
Male. Somewhat
than the female. Antennre l ..... jointed, third joint
curved. Abdomen
brown.
1 to 1.25 rom.
GaU. Winter
On the tenninal
of swamp
white oak (QuercU8
Hard and
varying
in
tuber-like. Intenlally there are
numerous larval cells.
Width, .. to 25 mm.
Vernal form. (Plate IX,
8). The
is an enonnous de'vel,oprnerlt of the
mid-rib on the
of the leaves. It is green, succulent and imlgular in
The blade of the leaf becomes dwarfed and curled, and after the
mature the
leaf becomes shri veled and dried.
Habilat. New

and Middle States westward to Iowa.

This

in
IlTI]Wln. lind the second

from the

brood in June from

Heuroteru. con.imili. Bassett.
Neuroterull con8imilill BASSE'M', Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XXVI, 1000, p. 335;
TORRE and KIEFFER, Gen. Ins.
Fam.
1902, p. 50.
Male. Head black,
broader than the thorax. Antennre
than the body, dull brown. Thorax black,
punctate.
sidal grooves reduced to two short lines, at the scutellum. Scutellum small, black,
punctate, W'OOve at base broad and
in the middle, abdomen small, black.
Anterior and middle
unifonn dull
brown, POElteI1or
black with the joints
brown.
veins dark and well-defined.
Areolet small. Radial area open. Lenj!;th, 1.50 mm.

Pemale. Black.
grooves
Transverse groove at base of
scutellum rather broad,
and smooth.
with the tenninal
segments retracted within the first which is wide and
POIilterior
darker
than in the male.
2 rom.
GaU. (Plate X,
3.) On the young tenninal
of white oak (QuerC'lUf
alba) in midsummer.
Hard and
rounded with
aborted buds and leaves. It is a
fore-shortened and enlar~:ed branchlet and
measures from about 4 to 12 mm. in diameter.
Hahilat. Connecticut ("raterllUry).
DALLA

The

of the

was made from one of the

120

Bulldin

American ]/lIsellm

.Va/ural

XXrIU.

lIeuroteras obtusilobe 'n....""
Di.plnlepi~

q. oblullilnbre K.'l.R8CH. 7-eitsch. Gcsammt. Naturwiss. Berlin, Vol. V,
3.3a-b.
NI!Uroter-u8 oblusilob.r DALLA TORRE and KIEFFER, Gen. Ins.
Fam.
1902, p. 51.
Female.
almost smooth, brown-black, the antenna' and legs
ish
Thorax
",;thout gloss. wrinkled, and almost without SClllplture.
Scutellum not
Abdomt'n
smooth. Antenna' !;j--H·lOmtett.
thickened at the
Areolet of the
closed.
2 mm.; expanse 5 mm.

GaU. (Plate XIII,
8.) On the
of the twigs of post oak (Quercus minOT).
Irteglj!arly roundt'd or ovate with aborted leaves. Hard and
with gray brown tint. Inside are many larval chambers.
Habitat. Dallas, Texas.

18&J,p.292,

This
is not known to me and the
should be in the Berlin
Museum. The
of the
on Plate XIII is a eopy of Kursch's ilIustration.
lIeuroteras
RILEY, Am. Ent., Vol. III, 1880. p. 1.53,
56.
q.
BASSETT, Am. Nat., Vol. XV, 1881, p. 1·19.
Neuroterus rileyi MAYR, Gen. Gallenb. Cynip., 1881, p. 3i ASH~IE.'l.D, TraM.
Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XII, 188.5, p. 296; ibid., Vol. XIV, 188i, p.
DALLA TORRE,
Cat.
Vol. II, 1893. p. 46: DALLA TORRE and
Gen. Ins.
Fam.
1902, p. 51: COOK, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., 1004, p.225; 29th
Geol. & Nat. Hist. Indiana, 1904 (100S), p. 837. fig. 30.
(NeurotcTus) rileyi PACKARD, 5th

F. S. Ent. Com.
Female. Head black, smooth llnd
mandibles
Antennre short,
olle and two dark amber, third yell\o'wis:h
reIlnninirlg ones
brown. Thorax small,
crackled,
with a few
hairs. Scutellum smooth, rounded \\;th a broad groove at the baS('.
small,
veins
dark brown. Areolet
and well defined.
Radial area
and open. Abdomen
smooth. black and
dark brown with
2.75 mm.
(Plate XI,
11). On the branches of young chestnut oak (Quercull
irregular
in size and form from round. DUIStlllll'like bodies" mm. in diameter to a conflul'nt mass of
about 25 mm. in
and 12 mm. in diameter, containing many larva~. The lar/l:l'f ones sometimes
or
encircle the twig.
arc covered with the bark of the branch and interare of a denS(' cork-like substance. When old alld
are hard and

Habitat.

Ohio; Illinois; Indiana: .Missouri: Iowa.


N euro/crull.

Bel'deluI11Ub.T, North American

Neuroterua

121

Gillette.

Neuroterus "iyrum GILLE'ITE, 27th
Mich., 1888, p. 475,
.'i:
Vol. V, 1889, p. 218,
5; Proc. Iowa Acad. SeL, 1887-89 (1890), p. 56;
ibid., Vol. I, pt. II, 1892, p. 114.
Neurotcrwl niger DALLA TORRE and KIEFFER, Gen. Ins.
Fam.
1902, p. 51.
Neliro/crus
B.\88E'IT, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XXVI, 1900, p. 332;
DALLA TORRE and KIEFFER, Ins. Gen.
Fam.
1902, p. 51.
Female. Head, thorax and abdomen very dark, almost black. Antenl1re 13brown.

grooves
Thorax notched
Seutelpolltelriolrly and without fovere.
brown, joints and
veins brown. Areolet distinct. Radial area
narrow, closed.
1 mID.
ll-lale. Head dark brown. Thorax
dark brown. Abdomen reddish
I...elQ!
semi-translucent.
.Iv mm.
brown, very minute and
GaU. (Plate X,
In numbers imbedded in the soft parts of the leaf
of burr oak (QuerClIII
and white oak (Quercm alba). Monothalamous.
Rounded or blister-like bodies
on both sides of the leaf, but somewhat
more
on the upper side; on the under side it has a minute
Diameter 1-1.75 mID.
Habitat.
Iowa; Indiana; Illinois; New York; New

are with Prof. Gillette and in the A~:riculturl'll
Iowa. The latter were sent to me for examination
Prof.
Summers. I fail to find any differences between the flies and
of N.

and N.
and 1 consider them one and the same sp(~(,le'S.
of N.
occur on burr oak
and those of ;Y.
pe1'1ninill'Ht8 on white oak
The
the first
brood emerges
in
from
of the
and
the second brood appears
the latter
from
formed
the first brood in
latter reach
late in
and in SeliltemLler.

Neuroterus

p&J~illil)au,a

sp. nov.

Female. Head broader than the thorax,
brown,

mouth parts
micl'(lBc1opicaJlly crackled, with a few scattered, whitish hairs. Antennre 13and with minute haim, timt and second
brown,
stout, second
very stout, third and fourth joints
and slender, reshorter and rather stout. Thorax
brown or almost black,
mi,cfOllC(lpi()alllycmckled,
and
excavated at the hind margin. Seutellar~, well rounded
brown or black, with a
Abdomen
colored,
wins brown.


122

Bulletin A meriean J[ useum of Natural

H

.
U.

Male. Head and
than the female, more rufous. Antennre more
yelllo1wis:h brown, llll are also the
.7.5 rom.

Gall. (Plate X,
2.) In numbers on the leaves of swamp white oak (Quer("118 plalanoides in June.
Monothalamous.
oval, blister-like bodies proon both sides of the leaf, and without Ii
on the under side.
about 1 mm.; width about. 75 mm.
Habital. Bronx Park, New York

is somewhat similar to that of N.
on the under side. The flies emerge
from
in
The
brooded.

In

double

NeuroteIUs howertom Bassctt.
Nwrolerus hotl'ertoni BASSETT. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XVII, 1890, p. 90.
Neuroieru8 howerlonU DALLA TORRE, Cat.
Vol. II, 1893, p. 42; DALLA
TORRE llnd KIEFFER, Gen. Ins.
Fam.
1902, p. 51.
Female. Head black or rufous. Antennre
first
club!'('cond
l'horter and very stout, third

and slender, re~oll.inillig
ones short. All
brown. Thorax, scutellum and abdomen black or rufous,
smooth,
middle of tibife and femora dark brown.
veins brown. Areolet
about .75 rom.
Gall. (Plate XI,
6.) On the under side of the leaves of a
of live
oak (QllerculI
Monothalamous. Rounded, thin-walled cells imbedded in the
leaf and covered with a brown pubescence like the rest of the leaf. They occur in
numbers upon the leaf and are
not crowded. On the upper side of the leaf
are
less elevated and appear llll
Diameter about .50 mm.
Habitat. New Mexico.

Bassett described this
cut from one of the

known

is

de~~idedJly

black in

but a
I
rufous. It is one of the smallest

of N euroferu,'J.
NeuroteIUs venucaIUm
quercull t'errucarum

OSTEN SACKEN, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., Vol.l, 1861, p.

62.
OSTEN SACKEN, Ent. Zeit. Stettin, 1861, pp. 409, 412.
OSTEN SACKEN, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., Vol. IV, 1865, pp.

q. t-errucaTum
~'eT'rucarum

340, 344, 348, 3li.5.
NeUTOlerulll.'erTucarum ASHMEAD, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XII, 1885, p. 296;
ibid., Vol. XIV, 1887, pp. 128, 13li; DALLA TORRE, Cat.
Vol. II, 1893,
p. 47; DALLA TORRE and KIEFFER, Gen. Ins.
Fam.
1902, p. 51.
Female. Black,
mouth parts reddish, antennfe 13-jointed, somewhat
incrassated towards the
brownish, sometimes brownish black,
towards the
base,

at the tip of the first two and at the
Thorax
smooth,
not punctate, vrithout any grooves. Abdomen and scutellum black and smooth.


North American

of ;Veuroteru8.

123

yelll0 1wh at
Base of COXlP, middle of femora and tibire brown,
almOIlt black, tarsi
veins brown and thick, second cross-vein
Areolet rather
ami distinct. Cubitus slender, almOIlt
curved, almost
obsolete at the first cross-vein.
.75-1.2.5 mm.
GuU. (Plate XI,
5.) In numbers on the under sides of the leaves of post
oak (Quercus minor)
and
Small, wart-like excrescences,
cO\'ered with white
The
itself is hCltnUlpb:erical
with a flat base, and is attached to the leaf

a minute point.
1.50 to 2.25
mIn.

Habitat.

New York; New

"VllShjn~;tol[l,

D. C.. south to Florida.

Beuroterus minutissimus (Allfm!emt)
q. minutill8'ima ASHMEAD, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XII, 188.5, p. vii.
';veuroter'llll minutillllimU8 ASHMEAD, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XII, 1885, p. 296;

ibid., Vol. XIV, 1887, p. 128; DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hymen., Vol. II, 1893, p.
DALLA TORRE and KIEFFER, Gen. Ins.
Fam.
1902, p. 51.
FtrI'TUllR. Black, smooth and
but
faint delicate reticulations
under a
power lellS. Antennre
third joint
yelllo'wisih brown, femora infuscated
surface.
veins
radial area open, the

of
touches the outer
but is not thickened
the
radial vein reaches the outer
Areolet
obliterated. Abdomen black,
in outline with
ovisheaths.
1 to 1.25 mm.
(Plate XI, Fig. 4.) On the under sides of the leaves of live oak (Quercu8
virgi1Iiana). Monothalamous. Globular and about the size of the head of an inseet
Attached
a minute
to the leaf and
covered with coarse,
mOllll-like wool. Diameter, 1.25 to 2.50 mm.
Habitat. Florida.

The
very much resembles
occurs in numbers on the same leaf.
Beuroterus ftoccosus
vll"'I"OJ'~~~-

that of N.

Verr'ltcarum.

It

ll1C188,~lt)

BASSETT, Can. Ent., Vol. XIII, 1881, p. Ill.
MAYR, Gen. Gallenb.
1881, p. 37;
Trans.
Am. Ent. Soc" Vol. XII, 1885, p. 296; ibid., Vol. XIV, 1887, p. 128; Bull. Col.
BioI. Assoc., 1890, p. 38; BEUTENMCLLER, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Rist., Vol. IV,
189'2, 262,
2; Am. Mus. Journ., Vol. IV, 1904, p. 108,
43; Ins. Galls
Vicino
Y., 1904,
2'2,
43; GILLETTE, Proc. Iowa Acad.
Vol. I, 1892, p.
114; DALLA TORRE,
Vol. II, 1893, p. 41; DALLA TORRE and KIEFFER,
Gen. Ins.
Fam.
1902, p. 51; JARVIS, 37th
Ent. Soc. Ont.,
1906 (1907), p. 71.
Neuroterull exiguillllima BASSETT, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XXVI, 1900, p. 332.
Neuroterull
DALLA TORRE and KIEFFER, Gen. Ins.
Fam.
1902, p. 51.
;VI!UTilt"'·1lIl".,J'wv""",

124

Bulletin American Jf l/scum of N all/ral

n

'''WE''.

Head, thorax and abdomen
black. Antennre
first
~tout, third
than the two p!'('c(~ding ones and very slender.
also slender, but
in thickness towards the last;
color
brown. Thorax
smooth and without grooves.
I:;cutellum smooth, with a curved groove at the base. Abdomen smooth. I.e!!'s
dark brown,
and tarsi
Wings
veins rather
brown, cubitus very delicate and almost eolorless.
75 to
1.50 mOl.
GaU. (Plate XI,
1,2,3.) On the under side of the leavel' of swamp whih'

oak (QuerCl18
and white oak (Quercu8 alba) in autumn. '\Then mature
the
consist of a rounded cell imbedded in the leaf and
covered with
whitish wool
I),
on the upper side
2)
a raised,
blisterlike
&metimes the
are confluent and almost eover the entire
under surface of the leaf,
the same to curl and become distorted. When
old and
the wool becomes ta'l\'UY brown. Diameter, 1.50 to 3.50 mOl.
Habita/' Canada; New
and Middle Statl~8; Ohio; Illinois; Iowa;
Colorado (1).

A ('ommon
all the late terminal lea"es of young
oaks are cO\'ered
The
of N eurot{'ru~
Bassett OC('m on white oak llnd
are identieal with those of N. flOCC()8U~
which are found on swamp. white oak
I also find the flies

of
to be the same as those of ~V
NeurotelUs umbilicatus

Ba..~"ett.

/'I.'cuTa!erU8 umbiluatu8 (B.~g!'\ETI' MS.) BEUTENMi'LLER, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.
RisL, Vol. IV, 1892, p. 263; Am. Mus. Journ., Vol. IV, 1904, p. 108,
44; Ins.
Galls Vicino N. Y., HI04, p. 22, fig. 44
NMlrateru8 umbilical us BA"8~;TI'. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Yol. XXVI, 1900, p.
330; DALLA TORRE and KIEFFER, Gen. Ins.
Fam.
1902. p. 51; FELT,
Ins. Aft'. Pk. & Woodl. Trees, 1906, p. 627; JARYl".37th
Ent. Soc. Ont., 1906
(1907), p. i2;ibul., :38th
1907 (1908),
H, fig. 6.
Female. Head black, smooth. Antenna:' 13-jointed, mther short and slender,
terminal joints thickpned. somewhat
Thorax black,
without
hairs or grooves. Scutellum small, black, without fovea:'. Abdomen black,
clear,
dark, shining brown, sometimes
black, with the
veins
first cross-vein dark bro'l'm. Art'olet small but ,listinct. Cubitus slender,
thlrotll!:llOttt and

quite to the first cross-vein. Length, 1.50 mOl.
Gall. (Plate XIII, Fig. 7.) In great numbers on the underside of the leaves
of swamp white oak (Quercu8
in August and
Monothalamous. Small, circular, flattened and coneave, with a minute conical elevation in the
centre of the concavity. Beneath the conical elevation lies the minute larval cell.
Brown and covered with minute hairs. The
are
detached, but leave
an indentation which is seen as a flattened elevation on the upper side of the leaf.
Diameter, 1 to 1..'50 mOl.
Hal:Ti.lat. Canada (Ontario); Connecticut; Nt'w York; !'lew
vania; Illinois.


Bculc'n7111iller, North American

of N eurolcrull.

125

lIeuroterus saltatonus
salta/orius lb. EDWARDS, Pacific Rural Pre!l8, 1874, p (?); RILEY,
Am. Nat., Vol. X. 1876,
218; Trans.:'it. Louis Aead. SeL, Vol. III, 1878, p. cxci;
Proc. l'. S. Nat. Mus.,
V, 1883, p. 634; Ann.
Nat. Hist., 5th ser., 1883,
p.142.
Ilaltilan4f DODGE, Field and Forest, Vol. II, 1876, p. 56,

Ne14roitrlUI salta/orius A'UUIEAD, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.. Vol. XIV, 1887, p. 128;
LINTNER,7th
Ins. N. Y., 1891, p. 309; DALLA TORRE, Cat.
Vol.
II, 1893, p. 46; HOWARD, Bull. 54, Bur. Ent., l00S, p. 81.
Female. Head
brown black,
mi,ero8c<,pi(~ally but disti[Jlctl.y
crackled. Antennro 13-jointed, all the joints rather stout. Thorax
brown,
smooth and
notched. Abdomen blackish,
reddish brown.
.75 mm.
GaU. (Plate XI,
12.) On the under side of the leaves of a
of white
oak (QutrCUS undula/us). Rounded, almost
attached
a flattened base
to the surface of the ll.'af, apex with a
It is micITl8c1opi,ca;lIygni\nlllatethin-shelled, and bt>comes
No larval cell. Diameter, .75-1 mm.
Habikt.!. California
Yuba Co.).

The article on
Edwards in the Pacific
Rural Press' is not accessible to me and I do not know whether the

insect was des<·ribed. The above
of the
was made from
sp(~cirnell:; cut from the
has also been recorded from
New
Missouri and Michiij;{an, O<:'currirlg
oak
white oak
I believe the latter
to another ISI"eCIt:IS.
tQrius is from California.
I

lIeuroterua cockereUi sp. nov.
Female. Head, thorax and scutellum black,
and
crackled and wrinkled, more
lIO at the sides of the head and thorax.
Antennre
joints
l,j-·jOI,nt,ea. slender, first, 8('cond and third
brown. Thorax without grooves. Scutellum with a broad transverse groove
at the base. Abdomen
smooth,
brown black or
black.
Femora and tibiro dark brown,
COXle and tarsi
yellowish. Claws

black.
veins distinct, brown. Areolet
Cubitus
the first cross-vein.
1.25 to 1.75 mm.
GaU. (Plate XI,
10.) On the ICR\'es of a species of oak.
or
brown,
crackled, hard and flattened at the base.
Width, 4 mm.;
2.50 mm.
Habitat. Manitou, Colorado (T. D. A. Cockerell).

lIeuroterus lODigip,nnis Ashmead.
Neuro/erWl kmgijJenni8A;;HMEAD, Trans. Am. Eat. Soc.. Vol. XIV, 18S7, pp. 132,
140; DALLA TORRE, Cat.
Vol. II, 1893, p. 43; DALLA TORRE and KIEFFER,
Gen. Ins.
Fam.
1002, p. 51.


126

Bulletin American Museum of Naiural

rn.'''''TU.

Female. Black, smooth and

Antennre and
Thorax
smooth and without grooves,
in certain
there are opaque lines.
Scutellum swollen,
rugose-punctate. Abdomen very small, black and
very
radial area
and
Areolet distinct. Cubital cell closed, cubitus
and
1-1.25 mm.
GaU. (Plate XII,
11.) On the
of the leaf or sUITOlmding the base
of new shoots of laurel oak (QuerCUll
Small,
wood:y swelllin,ga, measllririg from 8 to 9 mm. in
and 3.50 to 4 mm. in diameter.
Habitat. Florida.

lfeuroteru. teetu. BfUJsett.
Neuroterus tectus BASSETT, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XXVI, 1900, p. 331;
DALLA TORRE and KIEFFER, Gen. Ins.
Fam.
1902, p. 51.
Female. Head black,
crackled and with a distiuct facial
mouth parts

Antennre
rather stout, dark brown,
at
the base.
scutellum and abdomen black or dark brown, smooth and
translucent brown,
and tarsi
veins distinct but not
Areolet
Cubitus
the first cross-vein.
.75 to 1 mm.
Male. Color as in the female. Antennre
Abdomen petiohLte.
1, 2.) On the small
of dwarf chestnut oak
Gall. (Plate XII,
(Quercus
in
and June. The
is very conspicuous and is in
of an
of the base of the young bmnchlet. In some cases the
hardly increase the size of the bmnch or interfere with its
while in others it
checks its extension.
Habitat. Connecticut; New York; New

lfeuroterus

Gillette.

Neurolerus rirgen8 GILLETTE, Ent. News, Vol. IV, 1893, p. 166; DALLA TORRE
KIEF~·ER. Gen. Ins.
Fam.
1002, p. 52.
11{ ale. .. Head black, and shining; under a power of
diameters the
surface has a
crackled or scaled appearance as has also the mesothorax; ocelli
medium size, face with a median
antennre
thickened to
the
first three joints yellowish, third joint
first and second
much
thickened; mandibles reddish, but black at the
mesothorax
without
para!)sillal grooves.
notched at the base of the st'utellum; scutellum with
shallow groove at base. the surface appearance the same as that of the thorax
and head.
a little
than the entire
radial nervure
and
narrow, areolet medium size, radial nervure
or

the costal
Feet with tarsi
brown, tibial
of the same ('olor, but in
some cases almost black, femom blackish in the middle and sometimes almost
black, ('oxre
blaek at the base, but
at the
1.50 to
2 mm." (C. P. Gillette.)
Gall. .. This species can
be said to
a
The
tlies were found in the spring of the year in twigs of last summer's
are
swollen where the cells oecur, but not
and


Beiuiel1m iulkr,

North

of N euroterU8.

American

attention. I should not have noticed them at all had I not seen dead
numeroUII small punctures in them, from which flies had

years." (C. P. Gillette.)
Habitat. Manitou, Colorado;
8.

is not known to me and the
undoubtc:Neuroterua minutua

127
with

are with Prof. Gillette.

U11788,~tO

minu/a BASSETT, Can. Ent., Vol. XIII, 1881, p. 96.
Neurotuus minutus MAYR, Gen. Gallenb.
1881, p. 37; ASH~fEAD, Trans.

Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XII, 1885, p. 296; ibid., Vol. XIV, 1887, p. 131; DALLA TORRE,
Cat.
Vol. II, 1893, p. 44; DALLA TORRE and KIEFFER, Gen. Ins.
Fam.
1902, p. 51.
Male.
semi-translucent, yelllo'wis,h brown, with the top of the thorax
darker and in some
three
bands.
and ocelli black. Antennre

first three joints very
Abdomen dark brown,
Scutellum small,
very
with a
veins
Areolet distinct.
.75 to 1.50 mm.
Female. Head, thorax and abdomen dark brown. Antennre
color
lIS in the male.
.75 to 1 mm.
Gall. (Plate XII,
3, 4, 5.) On the
and midrib of the leaves of
white oak (QuerClUl alba) very early in
when the leaves begin to
occur in clusters amI stunt the
of the leaves. The
itself is comof a number uf cells in the leaf and is covered with a
Connecticut; New York; New

:Neuroterua distortus Ba88ett.
Neuro/erus dis/OTItiS BASSE'IT, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XXVI, 1900, p. 336;
DALLA TORRE and KIEFFER, Gen. Ins.
Fam.
1902, p. 51.
Female. Head black or
bro'il'l1, face very broad with a distinct median
black opaque. Antennre

brown,
Thorax
bro'il'l1 or black, very
and smooth, and without grooves. Scutellum
well rounded and
from the thorax
a
Abdomen brown or blark, smooth and
clear
selni-tI'!LnSiparerlt, femora
darker in the middle.
veins brown and distinct. Areolet
1 to 1.50 mm.
Male. Similar to the female in color. Antennre 14-jointed. Abdomen dis1-1.50 mm.
GaU. (Plate XII, Fi/(. 6.) On the
of young bronchlets of swamp white oak
(Ql~er,nls pll.lta:rwi1leil) in
The
consists of ovaloI' rounded
chambers in the bud or on the very young leaves which are often curled and distorted. The tip of the
becomes dwarfed in
and turned to one side. The
are very
and would escape notice were it not for the rosette-like
of leaves
them. The
measure about JiO mm. The
of the gall on Plate XII, is enlarll;ed.
Connecticut; New York: New

BuUetin American JIuseum of Natural

rn.""rlJ_

Neurotems pailiPEIS Balm:tt.
Xeuroterus
BAS8E'IT, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XVII, 1890, p. 89.
Seltroterus baslletti DALLA TORRE, Wien. Ent. Zeit., Vol. XI, 189'2, p. 131; DALLA
TORRE, Cat.
Vol. II, 1893, p. 40.
Neuroteru8
DALLA TORRE, 'Vien. Ent. Zeit., Vol. XI, 1892, p. 131
DALLA TORRE llml KIEFFER, Gen. Ins.
Fam.
190'2, p. 51.
Female. Head black and
Antennll'
brown at the bl\.lle,
toward the
slll,ooth,
Scutellum smooth with
II tranS\'erse groove at the bl\.lle.
Abdomen black.
almost colorless.
Areolet
bounded
slender veins.
veins distinct, but not
Cubitus

the first cross-vein.
1.25 mm.
J[ale. Color of the female.
brown or brownish in the middle of the tibire
and femora. Abdomen
1.25 mm.
Gall. (Plate XII,
10.) On the midrib or
veins of the leaves of
Monothalamou8. Small, oval, thin-walled swellwhite oak (Quercus alba) in
ings covered with a dense brownish
The affected leaves become distorted and dwarfed.
llabitat. Mas..'lllchnsetts; New York; New

Dalla Torre

stutes that Bassett described
and that the name was rm~o('cupit~d
pairlu1'lpl~8 Schenck
Vel'. i'aturk. .'.,,,,,,,,,u.
i'cithcr of these authors described a
under
both did describe a Seuroterwl
I have retained
bt"cause Schenck's
appears to be an Andricus.

.Yeuroteru8

Neuroterua vemna Gillette.

Neuroterus 1:ernu" GILLE'ITE, Bull. 7, Iowa
Sta., 1889, p. 281;
Ent. Am., Vol. VI, 1890, p. 22; Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., Vol. I, pt. II, 1892, p. 114;
DALLA TORRE, Cat.
Vol. II, 1893, p. 47; DALLA TORRE and KIEFFER, Gen.
Ins.
Fam.
1902, p. 51.
Female. Head black,
smooth, mouth parts brown, tip of
Antennre
first and second joints short and stout, third joint
re~nainiIllg joints short, joints one to three
ones
Thora:"
black, mesothorax notched
Scutellum smooth, 'I\'1th a
groove at the blL-'-'e. Abdomen black. Legs brown,
Claws black.
Wings
veins very
Areolet large. Cubitus continuous to the fiI'llt
cross-vein.
1 to 1.30 mm.
GaU. (Platc XII, Figs. 8, 9.) In numbers on young leaves or catkins of burr
oak (Quercus macrocarpa) in
and Junc. The
are
of the
midrib or soft parts of the leaves,

and
them. When
on the catkins, these become mut>h enlarged and
swollen, and remain
green upon the tree until the flies within have
their
llabitat. Iowa.


Be1'de1tmlWer, North American

oj N euroterus.

129

Ac~~or,din2 to Prof. C. P. Gillette the eggs are
and
the
from the eggs
at this time
to
a second
brood of flies
16. The second brood of flies bred from June
Prof. Gillette differs from those of the first brood
more
colored
The base of the
first three or four
of the antennre

and feet are
colored. In some cases the anterior tibire
and the
of the anterior femora are
and the
antennre are
The male is unknown.
of
the
on Plate XII were made from
sent to me
Prof.
Gillette.
8 is much enl.arged.

Neurotern. pa11idt!. Bassett.
BASSETT, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XVII, 1890, p. 88;
Am. Mus. Journ., Vol. IV, 1904, p. 107,
40; Ins. Galls Vicino
N. Y., 1904, p. 21,
40; DALLA TORRE, Cat.
Vol. II, 1893, p. 45; DALLA
TORRE and KIEFFER Gen. Ins.
Fam.
1902, p. 51.
Female. Head: Vertex and
from
almost black, face
brown. Antennm
gradUluly chlmging to brown. Thorax notched pOSiteriorly,

smooth Imd
Bides
brown. Scutellum brown, smooth
with
transverse groove at the base. Abdomen rather
black or almost black,
smooth and
translucent,
black.
line, veins dark brown. Areolet
Cubitus rather delicate and almost res.chiing
the first cross-vein. Radial area open.
.75 to 1 nY:n.
Male. Head
brown, eyes and ocelli black. Antennm 14-,IOliltell,
Thorax
brown with two yellowish
yellowish brown, claws
Ab-beneath,
short.
.75 to 1 mm.
(Plate XII,
7.) In dense clusters at or near the ends of the aments
white oak (Quercus platanoides) ,
Monothalamous. Round,
smooth Imd
Pale faded wood color and of a fine soft cellular
consistence.
and may be
crushed.

Habital.
New
Connecticut.

Neurole:1'U8

BEUTENY:ULLER,

I •

A distinet
characteristic and may be
sterile flowl?rs of the oaks.

is also very
found on the

...
Neuroterns exigutlS Ba.,.,eft.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XXVI, 1900, p_ 333;
Fam.
1902_ p. 51.
Head black, almost smooth, shining. Antennm
first
at base, second as broad as the first, remaining
slender, all semi-

i'-eurolerU8 exigulls

BA8Elf:TT,

D.'i.LLA TORRE and KIE~-F~:R, Gen. Ins.

...

Female.
stout,


130

Bulletin Amer£can Museum of Nalural

n,,,wru.

translucent clear
Thorax black or
brown,
without grooves. Scutellum black or brown with a few micl'(lsc.opi.c
incurved. broad groove at the base. Abdomen black, or
dark brown with the joints
cent. Radial area open, areolet
J{ale. Similar to the female in color. Antennre 14"jOlmtNl,
delicate, except the first and second. Abdomen
GaU. On the flower clusters of post oak (QuerCWl minor) in
are nodular enlargements but all more or less hidden in the flowerlet.
are very
small and succulent and soon shrivel up and
after the flies have en:lel1il;ec!.
Habitat. Connecticut; Kew York; New

(Lakehurst).

The adult of this

is

allied to N. tectl/s.

Beuroterus laurifolillil Ashmead,
Neuroteru8
ASHMEAD, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XIV, 1887, pp. 128,
140; DALLA TORRE, Cat.
Vol. II, 1893, p. 42; DALLA TORRE and KIEFFER,
Gen. Ins.
Fam.
1902, p. 51.
Female. Black, smooth and
Antennre
velll0 1iVish brown. Abdomen
black and
almost
yell101iVish with the tibire
and femora more or less infuscated in the middle, black or brown.
radial area open, vC'ry
and narrow. Areolet
Cubital cell open.
about 1.50 mm.
GuU. (Plate XI, I"ig. 7, 8.) On the upper or under sides of the leaves of laurel
oak (QuerCWl
Monothalamous. Small, rounded, kernel-like with the

disk flatted and attached to the leaf
II nipple-like
The j1;all is covered with
loose fawn-colored wool. Sometimes several
occur upon the same leaf
and the wool
these fonns a
loose mal>s. "'hen
the
and wool
become
detached from the Il:'aves. Diameter of kernel 2 to 2.50 mm.
Habitat. Floricla; Illinois.

Beuroterus dubius

Ba.~.~('tt.

XeurOleT!t8 dubia B.\S!'lETI, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XXVI, 1900, p. 335.
l\'euroler118 dubiu8 DALl,A TORRE and KIEFn:n, Gen. Ins.
.Fam.

1902, p. 51.
Head black. vertex
crackled. Antennre
1 to 4
red. The remaining joints
reddish brown; joints
one and two
third lonjl;er, fourth short,

oncs very short. Thorax
and roundcd.
smooth. hut shininjl;, with two diwrjl;ent grooves from
the scutellum to the base of the wings. Scutellum
and
rugose, with
a broad groove
it from the thorax. Fovcm wanting. Abdomen
hlack.
Wings
veins slender. Areolet
Radial area open.
1.50 mm.
Male. Antenna; Ib··jolmted.
one and two shorter than in the female. first
at base dark and
pille brown,
short and
Firmale.


Heuumntiiller, N orlhA merican

of N turo/aus.

131

dark brown, opaque. Head, thorax and scutellum and the
abdomen,
black.

but less so than in the female. Otherwise like the female.
1.50 mm.
Habitat. Connecticut (\\'atertmcy).

The
of this inseet is unknown.
Bass('tt in a box of
of A ndriell.~ prl'tH4'O.~,Wl',
which
seemed to ha\'e come.

Neuroterus vesiculuB

H. F.
apI)ealred from

1l}11SS,ru I

vesicula B.~SllE'IT, Can. Ent., Vol. XIII, 1881, p. 97.
affinis BASSE'IT, Can. Ent.. Vol. XIII, 1881, p. 103.
Neuroterus ~Jesicula ~hYR. Gen. Gallenb.
1881, p. 37; ASHMEAD, Trans.
Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XII. 1885. p. 296; ibid., Vol. XIV, 1887, p. 131; GILLE'ITE,
27th
1888, p. 471; Psyche, Vol. V, 1889, p. 188; Proe.
Iowa Acad. ScL, Vol. I, pt. II, 1892, p. 114; DALLA TORRF;, Cat.
Vol. II,
1892, p. 48; DALLA TORRE and KIEFF'ER, Gen. Ins.
Fam.
1902, p.

52.
NeurolerUII
ASHMEAD, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XII, 1885, p. 296; ibid.,
Vol. XIV, 1887, p. 131; DALLA TORRE, Cat.
Vol. II, 1893, p.37; DALLA
TORRE and KIEFFER, Gen. Ins.
Fam.
1902, p. ,50.
Female. Head black,
rugo,.;e, ocelli
Antennre 14-']01,nt,ed. vell01wish
brown ba..-.ally changing to brown-black toward the tip. Thorax black, very
and
punctate.
grooves traceable but not
Anterior
evident in certain
Scutellum somewhat
leI lines oblit~rated or
punctate and
from the thorax
ll. broad, shining groove.
Abdomen black,
bro'\\'Jl. ba.'lR1 half of femora sometimes somewhat
veins dark brown, CfClss··vems
darker, coxre btackish.
Cubitus
Areolet
and distinct.
1.75 to 2.25 mm.

Male. Color as in the female. Antennre
dark brown.
somewhat
Abdomen
1.50 to 2 mm.
GaU. (Plate X,
4, S, 6.) In the buds of white oak (Quercus alba), dwarf
chestnut oak (Quercus z.irirwidcs) ami swamp white oak (Quercus platanoidcs), usuout round and free
hidden in the scales of the bud, sometimes
like ll. blister on the twig. ':\Ionothalamous, round, thin-walled and of a or greenish brown color, sometimes with
spots. In size it is
to hold the larva within.
Habitat. Connecticut; New York; New
Illinois;
Iowa.

of this
of
arc half grown in the autumn and
in dUk
that the insects eome out
as the Ica\'es
I can find no differences betw{~en the adults and
of
7, 8,
and
and
are, as surmised
va",:st:u, one and the same

It is a distinct
and may bc
known
its
thorax with
traccs of par-


132

Bulletin A.merican MU3eum

grooves. Mr. Lewis H.
from swamp white oak
in the
of New York late
about
6.

Natural

H<.,W'fU.

has bred this
I have taken the
The flies
to emerge
HUBOI!!,

Neurotems COIlignlga.ms Gillette.

Neuroteru8 oongregatu8 GILLETrE, Ent. News, Vol.
1893, p. 166; DALLA
TORRE and KIEFFER, Gen. Ins.
Fam.
1902, p. 50.
Male. "Head
with a fine crackled appearance, eyes
pI'()m:inent; face narrow and
in outline. The inner
of
as seen in front
mandibles reddish
ocelli
pl'(lminellt and
elel·ated.
smooth and
with the fine crackledl aJ)pe'anl.n<~e common to the genus, without ll.n'v gjlml~ of parn(lsiand
a broad notch at the base of the scutellum; scutellum without
with a shallow basal groove,
and with the crackled appearance indistinct,
e8Ileciill.lly on the centml
Abdomen
black. Feet dark brown,
on the joints.
3 mm.
mdial cell
and narrow, radial nervure
almost
the costal

cubital nervure faint, and hence the areolet rather
incliBtinct, all the nerves dark brown. Antenrue
1-3 and often
the basal
of the fourth
brown or blackish;
first and second
robust, third as
as the fourth and fifth to~;eUler.
2 mm." (C. P. Gillette.)
Gall. On the terminal and
axial bud of oak (Quercus sp.). The
eXlparlds next to the bud, and within the bud
a number of little ITIl'UUUU
calPsulles covered and surrounded
a
or
The
semble those of l.,r. \'esicula Bass.
are in clusters
of from ten to fifteen
The clusters measure from 6 to 8 mm. in diameter.
Habitat. Colorndo (~Ianitou).

This
is not known to me.
to Prof. C. P. Gillette the
arc found
in
and the flies hateh before

17. The
are with Prof. Gillette.

Neuroterus clarke. sp. nov.
Female. Head
black,
and
crncklcd. Antenna;;
14-jointed, first three joint!!
remaininR ones broWll black. Thom"
black,
and smooth, posterior margin
excavated. Scutellum
minutel,y rugose, \('S8
than the thorax, with a few hairs and a transverse
groove. Abdomen jet black.
amber
line. Radial area elosed. Cuhitus not
minule, but distinet.
1.25 mm.
Male. Jet black, lel!8 somewhat darker than in the female. Antenrue
Rcutellum smooth. Abdomen with a very short
GaU. (Plate XII, Figs. 12, 13.) On the
of the leaf of white oak (QuerCU$
alba) in
Monothalamolls. LiRht hrown, bud-like and covered with short


133

N eUrOte'rU8.

..

and contains no separate larval cell.
wool. It is
2-3 rom.
Habitat. Massachusetts (M:!l.gtlolia).

A fine and distinct
The flies emerge

:Mlss Cora H. Clarke.

sent to me
and

in June.

of

Nemoterus gW.etfiei Bassett.
Neuroterua gilleUei BASSETT, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XXVI, 1900, p. 334;
TORRE and KIEFFER, Gen. Ins.
Fam.
1902, p. 51.
FerrIfIle.
thorax and scutellum
and smooth. Scutellum
with a broad groove at the base. Antennte

Abdomen rather small,
translucent brown in the middle of the femora and
veins distinct and
brown. Areolet
disltilllCtl.y n!achin.g the first cross-vein.
.75 to 1 rom.
AntenDle
first
dark brown,
second ovate,
and slender, fourth to last
short, all
in color.
.75 to 1 mm.
DALLA

(Q!ter(~8

When
New

Habitat.

'.

Neuroterus

minor).

the

(Lakehurst) .

Bassett.

Neuroteru.s
BASSETT, Trans. Am. Ent. Soo., Vol.
1900, p. 335;
TORRE and KIEFFER, Gen. Ins.
Fam.
1902, p. 51.
Ma16 and Fema16. Head and thomx smooth,
semitmnsluocllt brown.
Abdomen
brown,
in the male and very minute. Antennte 14-JOI:nted
in the female,
sman and short, second
very
very
veins distinct.
in the male.
Areolet present. Radial area
Gall.
XIII,
1.)
of oak.
Pale yellowilsh
on the midribs. When
DALLA

Neuroterus qUlueico:la Dalla

...

TOfre.

Neuroterm
BASSETT, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol.
1890, p. 89.
Neuroteru.s
DALLA TORRE, Wiener, Ent. Zeit., Vol.
1892, p. 131;
nymEln., Vol. II, 1893, p. 46; DALLA TORRE and KIEFFER, Gen. Ins.
1902, p. 51.
first and second joints
black; antenDle
ones
brown, all very slender. Thorn.x without furrows or
thorn.x and abdomen black and very smooth; scutellum
from
mesothorn.x
a I'lmooth,
furrow; a few scattered hairs on the posterior
hall' of the scutellum. Abdomen
second segment small, the remain-


134

Bulletin American .Museum

Natural

rnl5UJru.

veins brown, slender, the cubionE'S very sm.all.
Areolet very small.
the first cross-vein and of
Radial area
and open.
GaU. On the midribs of the leaves of oak (Quercus undul6ta ?).
elo,ngl!l.te sw,ellings with the larval cells
to the surface of the leaf.
18 mm., width 9 mm.
Habitat. Southern Utah.
tU8

is not known to me. The
Ac,C'ordulll to Bassett the
or Andric-us tllr.r1ifi~ca.
those of A ndricu.'l
This

IS

~v.

a EUlrop,ean

Beurotems

are in the American Eombe
taken for
Bassett's name N.
;;;pt:l:lt:lS.

im~gular.ls

querCUll irregul6riB OSTEN SACKEN, Pmc. Ent. Soc. Phila., Vol. I, 1861,

p.65.

q. irr'fGularisOSTEN SACKEN, Ent. Zeit. Stettin, 1861, pp. 409, 413.
irr"Qu,lariWi OSTEN SACKEN, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., Vol. IV, 1865, pp.
340, 344, 349, 353.
Neuroteru8 irreOllla:ris ASHMEAD, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XII, 1885, p. 296;
ibid., Vol.
1X87, p. 129; DALLA TORRE, Cat.
Vol. II, 1893, p. 42;
DALLA TORRE and KIEFFER, Gen. Ins.
Fam.
1902, p. 51.
Male. Head very dark brown, smooth and
mouth part
Antenna! 14-jointed, first and second joints stout, third joint very slender, somewhat curved and
than the first and second
First, second and third
joints very
scmitranslucent

short and dark brown.
Thora.." reddish brown above,
beneath, smooth and
Scutellum rather
smooth and
with a curved groove at the basco Abdomen peltiolate,
dark brovm.
vpry
semitranslucent
claws blackish brown.
rounded at
First cross-vein
Wings
veins broad, radial cell
cloud.
2 mm.
v.ith a
brown. Abdomen not
Femate. Head. thorax and abdomen dark
late and with the ventral sheath
Antenna!
very
1.50 to 1.7.'> mm.
GaU. (Plate XIII,
2, 3.) On the leaves of
and white oak (Quercus alba)
the latter part of
thalamous. Succulent.
in shape, somewhat flattened and pr<,je(~tillig
both sides of the leaves. Yellowish in color and when

are of a soft
stance.
a number of hollow kernels in which the larvre live.
Habitat. MassachuS(·tts; Connecticut; New York; New
and southward.

lieurotems
BASSETT, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila"vVol. III, 1864, p. 682.
OSTES SACKEN, Proc. Ent.'Soc. Phila., Vol. IV, 1865. pp.34O,


Beldenmu,Uer, North American

of N euroWrlUl.

135

Neuroterm
Gen. Gallenb.
1881, p.37; ASHMEAD, Trans.
Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XII. 1885, p. 296; ibid., Vol. XIV, 1887, pp. 129, 139; DALLA
TORRE, Cat.
Vol. II, 1893, p. 44; DALLA TORRE and KIEFFER, Gen. Ins.
Fam.
1902, p. 51.
ASHMEAD, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XIV, 1887, p. 129;
Vol. X, 1903, p. 151.
Allied to Neuroterm
in color; in
and structure it is the same,

and the
difference that I can find between the two
is in size.
of male, 2.25 to 2.50 mm., of
2.25 mm.
Gall. (Plate XIII,
4, 5, 6.) On the leave.'l of white oak (QuerC1t8
and chestnut oak {QuerC1t8
in
and June.
lar in
flat, green and succulent. ''''ben
Diameter 6 to about 25 mm. Vertical diameter 6 to 9 mID.
Habitat. Massachusetts; Connecticut; :Sew York; New
south to
Florida.

Beurot8rus

f1.a~7ipl~8

Gillette.

set with gray hairs and
Antennre
first two
fourth to thirteenth sul>equal
club; color,
on the shoulders and very
set with

black,
lines
at the collar and
run back
way to the scutellum.
grooves shallow and can be traced
about two thirds of the way from the scutellum to the collar. Outside of each
paral18il:la1 groove is a short
line
near the base of the scutellum
and running
with the groove past the base of the wing. Scutellum
black,
and with two shallow fovere that are almost oll8olete.
with the
and tibire dark, sometimes almost black; base of coxre
black. Abdomen
and with a
few hairs. Ovisheath
veins rather
and
in color, areolet
cubitus and anal vein almost obsolete and the radial nervure
not
the costal
The anterior wings are without a
of hairs
upon their borders and the hairs upon the surface of the
are not well de'\'el,)O€d
but appear in most cases as minute

Male. "Antennre
filiform and
grooves more distinct than in the female;
with
of hairs
hairs better
de'vel')pEld on the surface of the wing.
1.4 mm.; otherwise as the female."
(C. P. Gillette).
GaU. On the midrib or main veins of a leaf of burr-oak (QuerC1t8 macrocarpa)
in
A hard
the leaf
much wrinkled and deformed
as the result.
about 18 mm. Diameter about 6 mm.
Habitat. Iowa (Ames).

ACIC'ordinig to Prof. C. P. Gillette the flies eseape from the upper surfaee


Bulletin American Muscum of Natural

LH"wru.

xXYln.

of the leaf
a
raised teat-like

'This
is not
known to me but from the de!iCriiptiion it appears to be referable to the genus
AndriclI8 or
'The
are with Prof. Gillette.

Beurotems crassitelus Provanche1'.
(Neuroterm) crasllitelua PROVANCHER, Can. Nat. Vol. XII, 1881, p. 233;
Fauna Ent. Can.
1883, p. 548.
Neuroierull crasllitelus ASHMEAD, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XII, 1885, p. 296;
DALLA TORRE, Cat.
Vol. II, 1893, p. 41; DALLA TORRE, and KIEFFER, Gen.
Ins.
Fam.
1902, p. 50.
Female. Reddish brown; a spot on the vertex,
of the antennre, prothorax, metathorax and part of the scutellum, black. Antennre almost as
as
the head and thorax
second
very small, third
thickened
Thorax smooth, metathorax rounded, with the sutures of the lobes
distinct. Scutellum black at the base and reddish on the summit, an impn::SSErl
line at base. and without fl)vere.
radial
and open. Areolet
present.

reddish brown and the color of the abdomen. Abdomen
comalmost semicircular in form, second segment very
ventral
clear
red,
its point acute.
black, broad,
and thickening into a club termililally
2.75 mm.
Habitat. Canada.

This

is not known to me; the

is unknown.