American Museum Novitates 37-75

'y

AMERICAN MUSEUM
NOVITATES

Numbers 37 to 75

NEW YORK
PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES
1922-1923


*.#*"»»

EDITED BY FRANK

K.

3U
All

LUTZ

.


THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
Seventy-seventh Street and Central Park West
New York City

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

(As of

December

31, 1923)

President

HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN
First Vice-President

CLEVELAND

H.

\d Vice-President

DODGE

Treasurer

GEORGE

MORGAN

Secretary

BAKER,

F.

P.

J.

PERCY

Jr.

Kx-OKMc

R.

PYNE

II)

THE MAYOR OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK
THE COMPTROLLER OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK
THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PARKS
Elective

BAKER
FREDERICK F. BREWSTER
FREDERICK TRUBEE DAVISON
CLEVELAND EARL DODGE
WALTER DOUGLAS
GEORGE

ADRIAN ISEI.IN

ARTHUR CURTTS8 IAMES
WALTER B. JAMES

F.

OGDEN MILLS
A. PERRY OSBORX
GEORGE D. PRATT
THEODORE ROOSEVELT
LEONARD C. SANFORD
JOHN B. TREVOR

CHILDS FRICK
MADISON GRAM
WILLIAM AVERELL HARRIMAN

ARCHER

HUNTINGTON

M.

FELIX M.

WARBURG

ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS
(As of

December

31, 1923)

Director

FREDERIC

A.

Executive Secretary

LUCAS

GEORGE

H.

SHERWOOD

Assistant Treasurer

THE UNITED STATES TRUST COMPANY OF NEW YORK


SCIENTIFIC STAFF
(As of December 31, 1923)

Robert

Frederic A. Lucas, ScD., Director

Murphy, D.Sc, Assistant to the Director (in Scientific Correspondence,
Exhibition, and Labeling)

C.

James

L. Clark, Assistant to the Director (in Full Charge of Preparation)

MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY

DIVISION OF

D. Matthew, F.R.S., Curator-in-Chief

\Y.

Geology and Invertebrate Palaeontology
Edmund Otis Hovey,

Ph.D., Curator

Chester A. Reeds, Ph.D., Associate Curator of Invertebrate Palaeontology
Charles P. Berkey, Ph.D., Research Associate in Geology

Mineralogy
Herbert P. Whitlock, C.E., Curator
George F. Kunz, Ph.D., Research Associate, Gems

Vertebrate Palaeontology

Henry Fairfield Osborn, LL.D., D.Sc, Honorary Curator
W. D. Matthew, Ph.D., Curator
Walter Iranger, Associate Curator in Fossil Mammals
Barm m BlOWM, A.B., Associate Curator of Fossil Reptiles
(

(

ii

Mook, Ph.D., Associate Curator

ari.es C.

Wii.i.i

\m k.

Iregory, Ph.D., Associate in Pa la 'ontology
M.S., Research Associate in Palaeontology

(

Fkmk,

(iiii.io

AND ZOOGEOGRAPHY

DIVISION OF ZOOLOGY

Frank Mh

Chapman, N.A.S., Curator-in-Chief

hi. Kit

Lowi
II..1

\\

.

Wii.i.arh

sk

.1.

HoRMi
A.

I.

'ii:i

Miner, A.M.,
<

1.

i

ii

w

in

i

hk

i

\

1

1

>

I'll. I).,

Assistant Curator

KaWftTOfa Associate, Hot ifera

SiiNKMti),

id*

I

'nrator

Van Name,

MtBM,
\\

(

I

.

Hi

I'll

rofa

Associate, Parasitology

Retearot Aaweiate, Annulate

I

i

l'.\ i'(»M(ii,i»;i
!/.
\.

.1

Mi h

iii

i

i:.

I'll

A

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.

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'lll.llnr

Lint

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II

III

mm

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inn im

\\
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Wiiimm M

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'iirator in

-i-l.ilit Hi

'oleuptera

oriate,

!

Bobwar/.,
\\

(

Lepiiloptcra

(

\
.

I'll

M
I

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i.

II.

-

•

:i

i

.-I

i

MUTcfa

(

'oleoptera

\.-s,,ci:,|

(

.,

Ilyinenoptcrn

\--.Ki.ilr, Social Insects


SCIENTIFIC STAFF

v

Ichthyology
Bashford Dean, Ph.D., Honorary Curator

John T. Nichols, A.B., Associate Curator of Recent Fishes
E. W. Gudger, Ph.D., Associate in Ichthyology

Herpetology
G. K. Noble, A. M., Associate Curator (In Charge)
M.S., Assistant Curator

Arthur Ortenburger,

Ornithology
Frank M. Chapman, Sc.D., Curator
W. DeW. Miller, Associate Curator
Robert Cushman Murphy, D.Sc, Associate
James

Curator»-oi

Marine Birds
Hemisphere

P. Chapin, A.M., Assistant Curator, Birds of the Eastern

Ludlow Griscom,

A. M., Assistant Curator

Jonathan Dwight, M.D., Research Associate in North American Ornithology
Mrs. ELSIE M. B. NaUMBURG, Research Assistant

Mammalogy

Roy

Andrews, A.M., Associate Curator of Mammals of the Eastern Hemisphere
H. E. Anthony, A.M., Associate Curator of Mammals of the Western Hemisphere
C.

Herbert Lang, Assistant Curator, African MammalCarl E. Akeley, Associate in Mammalogy
(

ANATOMY

OMI'AKA TIYE

William K. Gregory, Ph.D., Curator
S. H. Chubb, Assistant Curator
J. Howard McGregor, Ph.D., Research Associate

DIVISION OF

in

Human Anatomy

ANTHROPOLOGY

Clark Wisslkk, Ph.D.,

Curator-in-Chief

Anthropology

Clark Wissler, Ph.D., Curator
Pliny E. Goddard, Ph.D., Curator in Ethnology
N. C. Nelson, M. L., Associate Curator of Archaeology
Charles W. Mead, Assistant Curator of Peruvian Archaeology
Louis R. Sullivan, Ph.D., Assistant Curator, Physical Anthropology
Clarence L. Hay, A.M., Research Associate in Mexican and Central American
Archaeology

Milo Hellman, D.D.S., Research Associate

in Physical

Anthropology

Comparative Physiology
Ralph W. Tower,

Ph.D., Curator


SCIENTIFIC STAFF

vi

Comparative Anatomy
William K. Gregory, Ph.D., Curator
J! Howard McGregor, Ph.D., Research Associate in Human Anatomy

DIVISION OF EDUCATION BOOKS, PUBLICATION,
George H. Sherwood, A.M.,

AND PRINTING

Curator-in-Chief

Library and Publications
Ralph W. Tower, Ph.D., Curator
Ida Richardson Hood., A.B., Assistant Librarian

Public Education
George H. Sherwood, A. M., Curator
G. Clyde Fisher, Ph.D., Associate Curator
Grace Fisher Ramsey, Assistant Curator

Public Health
Charles-Edward Amory Winslow, D.P.H., Honorary Curator

Mary Greig,

Assistant


——

CONTENTS OF AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES
Numbers

37 to 75

Page

i

Title-page

and Trustees

Officers

iii

iv

Scientific Staff

vii

Contents

x

List of Illustrations

New Taxonomic Names

List of

xiii

xvi

Erratum
No.

37.

'

Hesperopithecus, the First Anthropoid Primate

Henry

"

38.

"

39.

Found

in America.'

By

(Three text figures.) April 25, 1922.
Loach from North-eastern China.' By Henry W.

Fairfield Osborn.

5 pp.

— Description of a New
1922.
Fowler. 2 pp. May
— Two New Genera
of North American Blood Flukes.'
'

25,

8 pp.

kard.
"

By Horace W. Stun-

'

(Three text

40.— 'Notes on Some Western

figures.)

Beet.'

By

May 25,

1922.

T. D. A. Cockerell.

7 pp.

May

26,

1922.

"

41.

— 'Species

American Pleistocene Mammoths.

of

species.'

July
— 'Discovery

Fairfield Osborn.

EU pints

16 pp.

jeffersonii,

(Twelve text

new

figures.)

1922.

8,

" 42.

By Henry

of Cretaceous

and Older Tertiary Strata

in Mongolia.'

By

Walter Granger and Charles P. Berkey. 7 pp. (One text figure.)

August 7, 1922.
-'The Species and Geographic Races of Steganura.' By James P. Chapin.
12 pp. (Three text figures.) September 6, 1922.
-'Description of a New Race of the Lesser Black-backed Gull, from the

u

Azores.'

By Jonathan Dwight. 2 pp. September
By William Morton Wheeler.

6,

1922.

(One text
September 7, 1922.
A New Genus and Subgenus of Myrmicinae from Tropical America.' By
William Morton Wheeler. 6 pp. (Two text figures.) September 7,

-'The Ants of Trinidad.'

16 pp.

figure.)

1922.

By T. D. A. Cockerell.

of North American Bees.'
(Ten text figures.
September 8, 1922.
-'Neotropical Ants of the Genera Carebara, Tranopelta and Tranopeltoides,
New Genus.' By William Morton Wheeler. 14 pp. (Three text
figures.) October 16, 1922.
" 49. 'Dibelodon edensis (Frick) of Southern California, Miamastodon of the
Middle Miocene, New Genus.' By Henry Fairfield Osborn. 4 pp.
(One text figure.) October 23, 1922.
" 50.
Carangoides jordani from the Hawaiian Islands, with Notes on Related
Fishes.'
By John Treadwell Nichols. 3 pp. October 24, 1922.
-'Two New Subgenera
5 pp.

)

'

"

51.

— 'Revision

of Palseomastodon

and Phiomia
text figures.)

osborni,

and Mceritherium: Palseomastodon intermedins,

New Species.' By H. Matsumoto.

November

21, 1922.

6 pp.

(Three


COXTENTS OF AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES

viii

No.

— 'Aerolite from Rose City, Michigan.' By Edmund Otis Hovey. 7 pp.
(Three text
November 23, 1922.
53. — 'Notes on the Type of Hesperopithecus haroldcookii Osborn.' By William
52.

figures.)

"

K. Gregory and Milo Hellman.

January

(Six text figures.)

16 pp.

6,

1923.

"

54.

"

55.

— Mammals from Mexico and South America.' By H. E. Anthony. 10 pp.
January
1923.
(Two text
— 'Preliminary
Report on Ecuadorean Mammals No.
By H. E. Anthony.
January

1923.
14 pp. (Four text
— Notes on Some Birds of Tropical Africa, with Descriptions of Three New
'

figures.)

17,

3.'

figures.)

"

56.

'

By James

Forms.'

P. Chapin.

8 pp.

February

(Five text figures.)

1923.

9,
<«

31,

By John Treadwell Nichols. 3 pp. (Three text
February 10, 1923.
-' Descriptions of Proposed New Birds from Brazil and Paraguay. By G. K.
Cherrie and E. M. B. Reichenberger. 8 pp. February 13, 1923.

-'

New

African Fishes.'

figures.)

-'Two New
Note*

West African Cleridae (Coleoptera).' By A.
(Two text figures.) February 14, 1923.

Species of

4 pp.

cott.

B.

Wol-

West Indian Lycidse and Lampyridse (Coleoptera), with Descrip-

<>n

tions of

New

figure.)

March

By Andrew

Forms.'

J.

Mutchler.

(One text

13 pp.

15, 1923.

New Batrachians from the Dominican Republic' By G. K. Noble.
6 pp. March 16, 1923.
-'The Supposed Plumage of the Eocene Bird Diatryma.' By T. D. A.
Cockerell. 4 pp. (One text figure.) March 16, 1923.
•fs on West Indian Lampyridse and Cantharidse (Coleoptera) with
Descriptions of

'Four

New

Noble.

A

New

March

text figure.)

Forms.'

By Andrew

J.

Mutchler.

<

Lizards from Beata Island Dominican Republic'

March

5 pp.

By

G. K.

29, 1923.

New WlSSM and Two New
Treadwell Nichols.

(One

9 pp.

29, 1923.

4 pp.

Cichlids from Northeast Africa.'

(Three text

figures.)

March

By John

29, 1923.

By T. D. A. Cockerell. 4
I'm- text figures.) March 29, 1923.
-'Description- of Proposed New Birds from Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador,
Nocturnal Bees and a Minute Perdita.'

pp.

I',

i

in Mini MuliviM.'

New

By Frank M. Chapman. 12pp.

and Bpeeiei

on

April 11, 1923.

South American
Opoasum.' By Howard Notmaa. 3pp. April 12, 1923.
'ChUMM Ante Collected by Professor S. F. Light and Professor A. P.
Jacot.'
By William Morton Wheeler. 6 pp. April 20, 1928.
\

I

i'-iiii-

Of Staphylinida' Parasitic

a

Swamp Tree Frogs.'
(Four text figures.)
Ipril 23, 1928.
-'Daaeriptiona of Apparentlji New Birds From North America and the West
Indie.*.'
By Ludlow GrJsoom. 8 pp. April SO, 1928.
Pre-CSratopsiaD Dinosaur from Mongolia.'
I'.y
Walter (Irnnnei and Win, K. (Jregory. 8 pp. (Pour text figures.)
m.I

Q

<

fenetic Relations of I'ac.iulucris, the

EL Noble;

6 pp.

I

i

I'..'.;


CONTENTS OF AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES
No.73.

— 'A New Species Alligator from the Snake Creek Beds.' By Charles C.
May 1923.
Mook. 13 pp. (Five text
— Polychsetous
Annelids from Lower California with Descriptions of New
of

figures.)

".

74.

May

75.

9,

By Aaron
1923.

L. Treadwell.

11

pp.

(Eight

— 'A Preliminary Report on the Hemiptera-Heteroptera
lected

The

13 pp.

text figures.)

.

by The American Museum

Barber.

issue

8,

'

Species.'

"

he

May

Rico ColBy H. G.

11, 1923.

edition of Novitates is 850, of

and the others are placed on

of Porto

of Natural History.'

which about 100 are mailed on the date of

sale in the Library.


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Novit.

Page

Hesperopithecus haroldcookii, type molar; palate of chimpanzee; comparison of superior molar teeth of Hesperopithecus type,

Homo

and Pithecanthropus erectus, to show the similar disposition of the inner and outer fangs
Superior molar from Snake Creek, Nebraska and palate of chimpanzee
Internal structure and egg of Hapalorhynchus gracilis and Henotosoma
sapiens,

haematobium, ventral view

Elephas
Elephas
Elephas
Elephas
Elephas
Elephas

type molar
columbi: crown views of type and neotype molars
columbi: external views of neotype molars

imperator: type molar, crown view
imj>erator: inner and crown views of neotype molar
imperator: superior and inferior molars, showing ridge-plates in

columbi:

use
Elephas primigenius:

37

3
4

39
41

3

3
4

5
6

right third superior molar, showing

maximum

compression of the ridge-plates

Eh
Eli

and crown views, showing ridge-plates.
phas primigenius: posterior superior and inferior molars
pirns primiydtius: external

7
8
10

.

Elephas jeffersonii: type skeleton
Eh phas jeffersonii: paratype molars
•is jeffersonii: paratype molars
Map showing location of type sections of Iren Dabasu, Manha, and
Houldjin Formations
uuciipitm

Stniiitaiiii

oudtpum, S.

a.

obtusu, S. pnradissea.i

I

Hi

luiniiplit
iilnli

iiloli

mimmim, new

i

tachigalin

|

13

14

42

4

43

showing the areas occupied by sul>s]M'eies of Stiganum aiicupiun
showing distribution of 8teganwra panulissea
Sp.Lii>mi/rmi.r iinrhi, new genus and sjM'cies
lla pamamtma, new genus and species

>!'

11

longicauda, S. a. nilotica, S. a.

Map
Map

Hi mliTiiphi

1

2

:

species:

head of

soldier.

antenna.

.

.

Pheidole

Pheidole pilihni:

antenna of male
Perdii
(

'mi

Optmtia

a)

i,n

in a a if mi;,
i

of thorax

Tranop'ltn

and

t/,h,i:

,

new

structures

species:

new species: donsJ view

,

of

worker and

profile

view
48

|X'diecl

dorsal view of typical form;

thcfla and petiole

profile

6
pet its:

male.
I, ,it

head, antenna, and wings of

TnnoptlUridet
nit,

paiyisntna, new species: wings of female
hum, female and DUiiinihn nhnsis, nude: comparison of

rostrum and tuaki
Paltotiit

•lull

tnli

m

mil

i, ni,

i

in,,

51

.

thus,

new species:

spat

Michigan, Aerolite, ride view
\'

lohle,

12

49

mult

new

I

1

2

in

end View.

paratype specimen

men

3
2
3
4

52

2
3


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

xi

Novit.

Rose City

Aerolite, lengthwise

Hesperopithecus and

Pan

view

Page
4

schweinfurthii:

comparative figures of upper
53

molars

4

Hesperopithecus and modern chimpanzee: comparative figures of upper

molars

5

Pithecanthropus, Hesperopithecus,

and modern American Indian: com-

parative figures of upper molars
Pithecanthropus, Hesperopithecus,

6

and modern American Indian: com-

parative figures of upper molars

7

American Indians, and chimpanzee: comparative
radiographs of upper molars
Diagram showing geological succession and relationships of the principal
Hesperopithecus,

10

types of Primates

15

Idionycteris mexicanus: type

head

54

Plecotus auritus: head

Skulls of

3

Thomasomys hudsoni, type and Thomasomys

caudivarius,

55

topotype
Skulls of

2

Tkomtuomya aureus and Thomasomys

auricularis, type

Skulls of Sylrilaqus audinus canarius, dcfdippi, ktiloggi, and daulensis.
Face and head of Lonchorhina aurita and Lonchorhina occidental is, type
Apaloderma mquatoridU and Apaloderma narina brachyurum: heads,
showing extent of bare cheek patches
Map of Africa, showing ranges of Apaloderma

4
6
10

.

13

56

1

3

Psalixloprocne mangbettorum anil Psalidoprocne oleaginea: tail feathers,

Map

showing the difference!
showing the ranges of Psalidoprocne chalybea, mangbettorum, and

oleaginea, as

known

6

at present

I'l/nnrstcs osfrtntu iiiiisimus

and Pyrenestes ostrinus

rothschildi:

beaks,

showing the degree of differences in size, as well as method of
measuring
Nanrut thiopt angustoliiu n, new species
Barilius engravioidet, new species and Anabtu {Meatus, new Bpeeies. ...
Callotdlux erotoe, new species and Corintkucui aacmoidtt, new species.
Erythrolychnia darki,

new

specie!

Feathers from the Eocene

new species
Tilapia browni, new species
Tliapia cancellata, new species
Cheilinus lunifer, new species
PhoHn us

lengi,

.

cranial elements
ocularis:

ocularis:

8
57
59

2

60
62

63
65

12
3
3
1

66

3

70

2
3

72

2

typical color variation

and sacrum
and top views

right foot, pectoral girdle,

Protoceratops andrewsi: type skull, side

1

2

2
3

Forewing of Xerophasma bequaerti, AUoptrditu WOSJMIIIgfijB, and Perdita
minima. Head of Xerophasma bequaerti and Mrgalopta vigilans.
Hyhi crucifcr and Hyla ocularis: vomerine region with surrounding

Hyla
Hyla

5

Protoceratops andreivsi: type skull, oblique side view

4

5


Xll

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Protoceratops andreicsi:

type

Novit.
skull,

top view

new species: superior, lateral, and inferior views.
Alligator thomsoni, new species: right mandibular ramus
Alligator thomsoni. new species: left mandibular ramus
Alligator thomsoni, new species: right mandibular ramus
Alligator thomsoni, new species, and Alligator mississippiensis: outlines
Alligator thotnsoni,

.

mandibular rami, indicating degress of convergence of rami ....
new species, and Maldane cristata, new species: prostomium, parapodium, setae, anterior end, anal plate, and uncinus

73

6
4

6
8
10

12

of

Eunoe

Page

exoculata,

74


LIST OF

NEW TAXONOMIC NAMES
Higher Groups
Novit.

Hominoidea Gregory and Hellman
Cercopithecoidea Gregory and Hellman
Protoceratopsidae Granger and Gregory

53

Page
14

14

72

4

37
39

2

Genera and Subgenera
Hesperopithecus Osborn

Hapalorhynchus Stunkard
Henotosoma Stunkard
Spelaeornyrmex Wheeler
Myrmecinella Wheeler
Hendecapheidole Wheeler

1

5

45
46

9
1

8

47

Lutziella Cockerell

1

4

Pachycerapis Cockerell

48
49

10

54

1

Xi rophasma Cockerell

66

1

Omaloxenus Notman

68
72

1

HeaperopUhecua haroldcookii Osborn

Lefua andrewn Fowler
Hapalorhynch im graciUe Stunkard
Henotoxoma htematobiwn Stunkard

37
38

1

39

2

Diandrena

40

Tranopeltoides Wheeler
Miomastodon Osborn
Jdionycteris

Anthony

Proioceratops

(

'.ranger

and Gregory

4—
1

Species and Subspi

abl*

gata

(

5

Sookerall

Hoplitina incane»cens

(

41
43

Steganvra aucupvm nilotica Chapin
Steganura awwpwn obtuaa Chapin
aiioniis

1

7

kxskerell

Elephas jejfersonii ( teborn
Steganura aucupum longtoauda Chapin

LarmfuMua

1

\\~~

5
5
6

44
45

Dwight

Eciton (Acamatus) adnepo* Wheeler

Euponera {Meaoponera) laevigata ivhelpleyi Wheeler
Pteudomyrma icterica Wheeler
Peeudomyrma auripe* Wheeler
Pheidole lacerta Wheeler
Pheidolt tt Ncrcsa ns Wheeler
Speheomyrmex urichi, Wheeler
Strumigenya trinidodensia Wheeler

Trachymyrmex cornetzi bivittatus Wheeler
Camponotus (Myrmobrachys) godmani paUiolatua Wheeler
Myrmecindhi ponamona Wheeler
I'liciilole (Hendecapheidole
einertoni Wheeler

3
4
5
6
7
9
12
13

16

46

1

47

4
2

I

Perdita (Lutziella) opuntise Cockerell
xiii

1

2


I

NEW TAXONOMIC NAMES

LIST OF

xiv

Novit.

Exomalopsis (Pachycerapis) cornigera Cockerell
Carebara uinifrecUe Wheeler

Paoi
5

48

2

Tranopeltoides parvispina Wheeler

12

Tranopeltoides bolinanus Wheeler

13

Tranopeltoides peruvianus Wheeler

Carangoides jordani Nichols
Palseomastodon intermedins

Matsumoto

Phiomia osborni Matsumoto
Idionycteris mericanus Anthony

50

14
2

51

2
3

54

Anthony
Thomasomys h udsoni Anthony
Thomasomys caiulirariux Anthony
Thomasomys auricularis Anthony

Ichthyomys orientalis Anthony
Si/bilagus kelloggi Anthony
Sylvilagns chilbe Anthony
Lonchorhina occidentalis Anthony
Apaloderma narina braxhyurum Chapin
Psdlidoprocne mangbettorum Chapin
1'ijii nestes ostrinus maxima* Chapin

55

Nanmethiops angustolinea Nichols

57

Csenolestes tatei

4

6
7

9
12
13

56

7

8

Wolcott
Corinthisciis axinoidcs Wolcot

58

4

60

Mutchler

6
6
7

8
8
9
11

61

I

Eh

-ill'i

/•.'/.

Uthi ni'l'ii

inlili

'//

ntlii

imlui

a.-.

.-•

\nble

3
4

.

f>

.'.!

()

63

i

Mutohl

1

2

Noble

Iiuinlti

Muichl.

iiniiiini

<

niiuittus Noble.

li/l'i

>ii.i>

I'lintiini

us aiiiiiul'lliii'li

li/l'i

Eli nlhi iiiilm -hit
Eli

\olile

ill-

4
5

siihiliiltilntii

I

1
:;

Mutchler
Lucidota bruneri Mulchlcr
ill
Mutchler
('iillupi.smii moniieola Mutchler
CaUoirismn ttUUttra Mutchler
CaUopUma futcott rmiua Mutchler
Ei i/lh/iili/ilmiii rl'irl.i Mutchler
iljii mi Noble

i

6

t

Mat chirr

lota fulrotiuctiis flavicollis

1

3

59

Callotilliix rrusoe

imlili

1

2

:

(

i'.lt 'ill,,

4

2

Anabas liucatus Nichols
Tangara cyaneicollis melcmogoater ('hcrrio and Roichenbergcr
Bvptittula n u rca major Chcrric and Rcichcnberger
Mamaau manacus suhpiiriis 'licrric and Rcichcnberger
Nystaltu macidatiu pattidigula Cherrie and Reichenberger

Lmiiliitn

1

3

Barilius engrauhides Nichols

lota fiilrntinrtii.-i

1

i

r iiliii Mutihlel'.

2
9
I


LIST OF

NEW TAXONOMIC NAMES

xv
Novit.

Page

Photinus unicus Mutchler

4

Photinus sublateralis Mutchler

6

Belotus

cacumenum Mutchler

7

Belotus bailout Mutchler

8

Tytthonyx marginicollis Mutchler

Noble
beatensis Noble
Anolis longitibialis Noble

Ia iocephalus beatanus Noble

Ameiva
Ameiva

8
64

abbotti

4

'

5

Tilapia browni Nichols

65

Tilajria cancellata Nichols

Megalopta (Megaloptclla) vigilans Cockerell

Xerophasma bequaerti Cockerell
Perdita minima Cockerell
Ciccaba albogularis merideMU Chapman

66

atri punctata

Setopagit anihonyi

!hapman.

67

Chapman
Chapman

Chapman
Chapman
OropeztiK rufula occabambm Chapman
Miotucttm oUvacetu faaciaticoQit Chapman
Myiarchtu toddi Chapman
Buarremon atricajrittm tacarcunut Chapman
BuarrtiiioH ussimilis nigrifrofM Chapman
Buarre mon fimbriahu Chapman
Hemispingua piurm Chapman
Omaioxentu btquaerti Xotman
Neomorphut

2
4

tairini mquatorialu

j

8olenop$i» jacoti

Wheeler
pekinotntu "Wheeler

5

6
8
9
10
11
11
11
11

68

69

(

Jiyla weberi

70

Noble
71

Vermirora hroicni C.iiscom

Dendroica pi mix chrt/solcuca Griscom
(

'certba oblita

ti'si

1

4
5

Griscom

7

Granger and Gregory

thomsoni Mook
Eunoc cxoculula Tivadwell
Allitjator

Maldam

4
4
5
5

Dendragoput obteunu munroi Griscom

Protoccratops andr<

2

3

)

canadensis Noble

2
2

Tetramoiinm t;i spit tun similcrr jaaiti Wheeler
Formica rufibarbit oriental** Wheeler
Formica Pro form icII ijla

1
1

Pyriglena pacijica

SolenoptU

1

2
4

Chordeiles acutipennU ;ripiatori
SytteUura rufieervix

1

2
3

Cheilinus lunifer Nichols

C

1

2

72
73
74

cristata Treailwell

Barber
Jadcra rid>rofasca Barber
Lyguns aibonotatut Barber
Catorhintlia horinquensis

1

1

4
9

75

1

2
2


NEW TAXONOMIC NAMES

LIST OF

xiv

Novit.

Ezomalopsis (Pachycerapis) cornigera Cockerell
Carebara winifrecbe Wheeler

5

48

2

Tranopeltoides parvispina Wheeler

12

Tranopeltoides bolivianus Wheeler

13

Tranopeltoides peruvianus Wheeler

Carangoides jordani Nichols

Paheomastodon intermedins Matsumoto
Phiomia osborni Matsumoto
Idionycteris merican us Anthony

50
51

55

Nann&thiops angustolinea Nichols

57

tatei

(

9

12

56

58

4
6

mm

Cnlbipismii

Ott

m

..hi, hi,

/////-/ in iljiiini

i

in

,l,irl

Mutclilcr

\"|,|.'.

Jim

Kb

,ilhi ii»tml>il't.-

nuiii'ilulm,!,

/•.'/.

.///i»

,

.

n

,

urn, nl,

li/h,

i

aciylut tchmidti
I

i/Ihx

,,
Photimu
J'lmh,

11

61

Noble

nil,, in.hii li/bis

',

8
8
9

inn Mutclilcr

i

I'll,

inilm

7

.

Mutclilcr

-tin

Cirfln,

G
6

Mutchlcr

imwitfciolti

•

:

.

.-.

Noble

\,,l,|c

Noble

6

o

ruth.r Noblfl

63

Mutchkr
i

nim

l

2
3
4

.

Mntclili I

mmii,,i

4
5

Mutchles

Mutclilcr.

ili

'aUopi$ma

1

3

Mutclilcr

ri

1

3

60

Inn in

1

2
2

Luddote fvUwtinctut Mutchler.

•In

13
4
7
8

Luriitntu fidmtinrtus jtiirimlti.s Mlltclilrr

tbdubtiata

1

7

59

t

l

6

Wolcot
Corinth i sens nxinoides Wolcott
crusot

''illntillus

2

3
4

Barilius engrauloides Nichols

Anabas lineatus Nichols
Tangani rynm icnllis mcVnmgnsti r Cherrie and Reichenberger
Euptittula a urea major Cherrie and Reichenberger
Manacus manacus sub/iurus Cherrie and Reichenberger
Xi/stirf/is mactdatiu pcMidigvla Cherrie and Reichenberger

14
2
3

54

Anthony
Thomasomys hudsoni Anthony
Thomasomys caudivarius Anthony
Thomasomys auricularis Anthony
Jchthyomys orientalis Anthony
Sylrilagus kdloggi Anthony
Sylvilagus chills Ant bony
Lonchorhina occidentalis Anthony
Apaloderma naritm brachyurum Chapin
Psalidoprocne maiKjluttorum Chapin
Pyrenestes ostrinus maximus Chapin
CsenoUstes

<

Page

2
-\

Mlllelller.

.

.

4


NEW TAXONOMIC NAMES

LIST OF

xv
Novit.

Page

Photinus unicus Mutchler

4

Photinus sublateralis Mutchler

6

Belotus

cacumenum Mutchler

7

Belotus balloui Mutchler

8
8

Tytthonyx marginicollis Mutchler

Ameiva
Ameiva

Noble
Noble
Anolis longitibudis Noble
Leiocephalus beatanus Noble

64

abbotti

beatensis

1

2
4

'

5

Tilapia brovsni Nichols

65

Tilapia cancellata Nichols

1

2
3

Cheilinus lunifer Nichols

Megalopta (Megaloptdla) vigUant

(

'ockercll

66

Xerophasma bequaerii Cockerell
Perdita minima Cockerell
Ciccaba albogularis mcridimsit

1

2
4

Chapman

67

'hapman
at ri punctata ( 'hapman

Chordeiles acutipennu uqnatorialix

(

1
1

8ysteUura ruficerviz
Setopagis anthouyi Chapman

2
4

Chapman

5

'hapman
Mionectcs oUvacetU faadaHcoUu Chapman
Myiarchtu toddi Chapman

6
8
9
10

Neomorpkut

Kdlrinl KquotoridUt

Pyrigliita pacijica

(

'hapman

Oropeztis nifula OCCObamb*

BiHirrt

iiioit

(

alricupillua tticdrcutui

Chapman

11

Buarremon tuaimUu nigrifwns Chapman
Buarremon fimbriatui Chapman

11

Chapman
Omaioxemu bequaerii Not man

11

11

Hemispingtts piurse

68
69

Solenopti* jacoti Wheeler
Sol*

noptu

jacoti pekingeruit

Tetratnoriwn

aupUum

Wheeler

rimileve jacoti

3

)

Hyla weberi Noble
Dendragapxw obtcurut munroi Griscom
Vermivora broxoni Qrisoom
Dendroica pi a us chrysoleuca Griscom
Ccereba oblita C.nsrom
Protoccralops andrewsi Granger and Gregory
Alligator thomeoni

Mook

Sunoi exoculata TreadweU
Maldane cristata TreadweU
Catorkintha bonnqueneu Barber
Jadera rubrofueca Barber
Lyguus albonotatus Barber

2
2

Wheeler

Formica rufibarbia orientalis Wheeler
Formica I'mfonniai jacoti Wheeler
Hyla canadensis Noble
|

2

70

4
4
5
5

71

1

4
5
7

72
73
74

1

1

4
9

75

1

2
2


ERRATUM

xvi

Novit.

Lygseus (Melanostethus) coccineus Barber

Pachygrontha parvula Barber

Orthxa ferruginosa Barber
Euryophthalmits obovatus Barber
Atheas pallidus Barber
Ploiariodes barberi McAtee and Malloch
Gorpis neolropicalis Barber
Hydrometra consimilii. Barber

Page

3
4
4
5
6
7

Plea punctifer Barber

8
9
10

Plea puella Barber

11

ERRATUM
No.

66.

Page

5, line

7 from bottom, read bseops for boeops.

:

AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATI
No. 37

HESPEZOPITHEQUS, THE FIRST ANTHROPOID
PRIMATE FOUND IN AMERICA
Bv Henry Fairfield Osborn

Issued April 25, 1922

Bt Order of

the:

Trustees

of

THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
New York

Citt

k



:

:

AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES
Number

April 25, 1922

37

59.6.88H (1183:78.2)

HESPEROPITHECUS, THE FIRST ANTHROPOID PRIMATE

FOUND

IN

AMERICA

By Henry Fairfield Osborn
hard to believe that a single small water-worn tooth, 10.5 mm.
in crown diameter, can signalize the arrival of the anthropoid
Primates in North America in Pliocene time. We have been eagerly
anticipating some discovery of this kind, but were not prepared for such
convincing evidence of the close faunal relationship between eastern
Asia and western North America as is revealed by this diminutive specimen. The entire credit for the discovery belongs to Mr. Harold J.
Cook, consulting geologist, of Agate, Nebraska, who has been contributing for many years to our knowledge of the extinct fauna of Nebraska
through both his discoveries and his writings. He wrote to the present
author (February 25, 1922)

It

by

11

is

mm.

I have had here, for some little time, a molar tooth from the Upper, or Hipparion
phase of the Snake Creek beds, that very closely approaches the human type. It
was found associated with the other typit al fossils of the Snake Creek, and is mineralized in the same fashion as they are. 1 sent a brief description of this to Prof<
Loomisa short time before the Amherst meeting of this year, with a request that it be
read at that time, if opportunity offered. The manuscript was returned to me here
immediately after the meetings, but with no notation as to whether it was read or not,
or presented at that time in any fashion.
Inasmuch as you are particularly interested in this problem and, in collaboration
with Dr. Gregory and others, are in the best position of anyone to accurately deter-

mine the relationships of this tooth, if it can be done, I will be glad to send it on to you,
should you care to examine and study it. Whatever it is, it is certainly a contemporary fossil of the Upper Snake Creek horizon, and it agrees far more closely
with the anthropoid-human molar, than that of any other mammal known.

On
"Tooth

receiving the tooth, the author telegraphed

mediately."

The
and

1

(March

Looks very promising.
followed the same day:

just arrived safely.

A

letter

instant your package arrived,

said to myself:

sat

down with

the tooth, in

we have been comparing it

my

window,

then took the
with all the books,

"It looks one hur.dred per cent anthropoid."

tooth into Doctor Matthew's room and

and

I

14, 1922)

Will report im-

I

it is the last right upper
molar tooth of seme higher Primate, but distinct from anything hitherto described.
We await, however, Doctor Gregory's verdict tomorrow morning; he certainly has
an eagle eye on Primate teeth.
We may cool down tomorrow, but it looks
to me as if the fust anthropoid ape of America had been found by the one man entitled
to find it, namely, Harold J. Cook!

all

the

castfl

all

the drawings, with the conclusion that

.

.

.


:

AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITAT ES

2

On March 22, 1922, the author wrote:
We believe we have found another one of the teeth,
animal, which, so far as

it

very

The animal

goes, is confirmatory.

[No. 37

much worn,
is

same
new genus

of the

certainly a

an animal which wandered over here from Asia with the
which has recently been discovered in our fauna by Merriam, Gidley and others.
It is one of the greatest surprises in the history of
American palaeontology and I am delighted that you are the man who found it Our
specimen is unrecognizable, it is so much worn.
of anthropoid ape, probably

large south Asiatic element

The tooth

arrived with the following label

One Molar Tooth, ?Anthropoid, No. HC425, Collection of Harold
Found in Upper Phase of Snake Creek Beds, Typical

Agate, Nebraska.

in position in gravels

with other

J.

Cook,

Locality,

fossils.

Following the examination by Dr. William D. Matthew and the
author, who determined the tooth as a second or third upper molar of
the right side of a new genus and species of anthropoid, the tooth was
submitted to Curator William K. Gregory and Dr. Milo Hellman, both
of whom have made a special study of the collections of human and
anthropoid teeth in the American Museum and the United States National
1

.

Museum. They reported (March

difference in form of
nf

23, 1922) as follows:

Such a degree of wear is very rarely seen on

wear shown

m% we

m

3
,

and

rather incline to the opinion that

in this tooth,

in
it

view also of the marked
an in-'.
2.
The kind

is

which has an evenly concave surface (without humps

representing the para- and metacones), has never been seen in an anthropoid tooth,

and we are of the opinion that even in very old chimpanzees the outer half
crown will be unevenly worn. 3. The nearest in point of wearing surface

m

of the
is

the

attributed to Pithecanthropus, also in form of roots. The strong hypocone in "Pithecanthropus " and the absence of hypocone in the new specimen is not
jKjeitively diagnostic in view of the immense differences in the hypooone, both

-up])Osed

in

s

apes and man.
•lirciuttliropux"

4.

On

the whole,

On the basis of tin 'so
this tooth the

we

think

nearest

its

resemblances are with

ami with men rather than with apes.

very careful studies the author decided to

type of the following

new genua and

species.

new

species

Hesperopithecus haroldcookii,

1

make

IQOOOd Upper molar tooth is very distant from the gorilla type, from the
gfibboa type, from the orang'type; among existing anthropoid apes it is nearest to nf
of the chimpanzee, hut the resemblance is still very remote, it is excluded from close
anthropoid apes, such as Dryopithec.ua punjdbicua, I'nl.rand 8i9C\piih$CU4, recently related lo the human stem by Pilgrim.
ninHverwdiaineter of ii mm is greater than Lt8anteroposteriordiameterbfl0.fi
mm. In the rorrcspondmu human tooth, in', of an American Indian, with which it
'< diameter is l-J.'i mm., the anteroposterior
ompared u

affinity to the fossil Aniatic

"I'lthccuaawah-h.

'

»Tb« iuiixm

»i«iiif>

an antlu •>!•••.<

I

"I

tbr Wri-inn

Wmlil dim

ovi-rrtl liy A!i

Harold

J

Cook.


Ai

postertor
Fig. 1.
Type of Hesperopithecus haroUcookii, No. HC425, Collection of Harold J. Cook, Agate.
Nebraska. From the Snake Creek beds, Sioux County, Nebraska. After a drawing of the type tooth
by Mrs. L. M. .Sterling. Fnlarged to twice the natural site.
A, A\ Palate of chimpanzee, m l shaded.

in five aspects

Type
/¥ciir

;

Hesperopithecics

T^ostcn'or

Outer

riamo sapiens

Qjiterwr
(A/-

7>ithecanthroptos

Fig. 2.

Comparison

Pithecanthropus erectus

drawn to the same

C.

-425

to

show the

Snner

dtn. SnduLn.)

erectics,

Tfef.

n olar teeth of Hesperopithecus type, of Homo sapiens, of
similar disposition of theinner and outer fangs. Teeth not

of the superior

ref.,

scale.

rt.

\


AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES

4

[No. 37

diameter is 11 mm. Thus the proportions of the molar crown of the Hesperopilhecus
type are about the same as those in the Homo sapiens inongolokleus type. There is
also a distant human resemblance in the molar pattern of Hesperopilhecus, as very
skilfully portrayed (Fig. 1) by the artist, Mrs. L. M. Sterling, to the low, basinshaped, channeled crown in certain examples of Homo sapiens. But the Hesperopilhecus molar cannot be said to resemble any known type of human molar very closely.
The author agrees with Mr. Cook, with Doctor Hellman, and with Doctor Gregory,

that it resembles the human type more closely than it does any known anthropoid
ape type; consequently it would be misleading to speak of this Hesperopilhecus at
present as an anthropoid ape; it is a new and independent type of Primate and we

anterior

At

Fir. 3. Superior molar tooth from Siake Creek, NeSraska, Amer. Mus. No. 17736, Collection
Provisionally regarded as m*
from Amer. Mua. Exped. of 1933. Found by William D. Matthew.
.,f //• <!> -r
.-yeiies indeterminate.
Enlarged to twice the natural site.
itk -'<
A, At Palate of chimpaniee, m 1 shaded.
i.

i,-i

must seek more material before we can determine its relationship. It is certainly
not closely related to PUhoMttUkropitl mctut in the structure of the crown, for IHthewhich the superior grinding surface has a
crown with
liroadly channeled or furrowed margins, and a postero-internal crest suggesting the
h\ pocone of a higher Primate form. The disposition of the roots in ll< s/n ro/iitlueus,
in Homo, in Plthtttmihropm, IS shown to l>e very broadly similar in comparative Fig.
The lli >/« rojiilh.ius mOUU is throe-fanged, the postero-external fang having been
2.
n <>IT in the type; the internal fang shows a median internal groove and a
mi the outer side.

tendency to ...

amfhmput has

a single,

contracted uroWD

in

limited crenulated hasin, whereas HcsjwropUhccus has a widely open

Since Mills their has

Ix'i'ii

American

in tin"

Museum

collection

from

another Small water-worn tooth, discovered by Dr.
Matthew. Tin- specimen belonged to an aged animal and
.-.in that Doctor Matthew, while inclined to regard it as a

this s.'inic horizon

William

I).

PrimaiC did not venture'

ihe

It

it.

now appears, from

close

eom-

pariaon with the type of H$tp«rcpith$eut to be closely related generically,
l

if

it

i-

not

related speciiirallv.

The

greatly enlarged

drawing


HESPEROPITHECUS

1922]

(Fig. 3),

scribed,

5

reproduced to the same scale as that of the type above deis fundamentally similar.
The

shows that the molar pattern

differs in its much more triangular form and, were it not for
extremely worn surface, we should unhesitatingly pronounce it as a
third superior molar; it has, therefore, been given this position pro-

crown

its

seems to confirm the opinion of Gregory
is a second superior mo'ar.
The geologic age of these two specimens is now believed to be the
same as that of Thousand Creek, Nevada, and Rattlesnake, Oregon,
among the fauna of which Pliohippus is very abundant and varied; it
also contains Ilingoceras and other strepsicerine antelopes of Asiatic
affinity; it is the last American fauna in which occurred the rhinoceros,
preceding the Blanco fauna in which the Asiatic brevirostrine M. mirificus
visionally in the diagram;

and Hellman that the type

first

occurs.

it

of Hesperopithecus