Annals of the Carnegie Museum V12

ANNALS

CARNEGIE MUSEUM

Volume

XII

1919

W.

J.

HOLLAND,

Editor

Published by the Authority of the

•

Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute
January and December, 1919


PRESS OF
THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY
LANCASTER, PA.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGES
Title-page and Table of Contents

i-iii

List of Plates

iv

List of Figures in Text

v

List of Species

and

Varieties

Xew

to Science

vi-viii

Errata et Corrigenda

ix

:

Editorial Notes

r-3

Obituary Notes:

L A

Charles

Rochester Eastman,

Andrew Arnold Lambing, Herbert Huntington Smith.

By W.

J.

Holland

347-363

Catalog of the Collection of Watches Belonging to Mr. H.

Heinz of Pittsburgh and Deposited by him

By Douglas

Coggeshall

Stewart,

W.

J.

in

J.

the Carnegie

Holland, and A.

S.

4- 32

^

n. Report upon the Material Discovered
the Uinta Basin by Earl Douglas in

by O. A. Peterson

33-39

Henry John

Heinz,

Museum.

;

in 1912.

By

Upper Eocene of
the Years 1908-1909, and
in the

40-168

O. A. Peterson

in. Contributions to the Study of the Fresh-water Fishes of the
Island of Formosa.
IV.

On

Elephenor,

A New

By Masamitsu Oshima

Genus of Fishes from Japan.

169-328

By David

Starr Jordan

V.

A

Description

Jennings

Index

329-342
of

Cypripedium

passerinum.

By Otto

E.

343^344

345-369

3 Vv3 7/


LIST OF PLATES.
I.

(Frontispiece)

Watch which belonged

to

Lord Nelson (Heinz

Collection).

II-IV. Portable Sun-dials, 1618-1720 (Heinz Collection).

\'-XXXn. Watches

XXXIV.

XXXV.

contained in the Heinz Collection.

Canids from the Uinta.
Canids from the Uinta,

XXXVI.
XXXVII.

Artiodactyls from the Uinta.

XXXVIII,

Artiodactyls from the Uinta.

XXXIX.
XL.

XL

I.

Ungulates from the Uinta.

Achcenodon.
Protoreodon from the Uinta.
Restoration of Skeleton of Protoreodon medius.

XLII. Perissodactyls from the Uinta.

XL II

I.

XLIV.

XLV.

Helaletes

and Epihipp us.

Perissodactyls from the Uinta.

Prothyracodon uinlense.

XLVI. Prothyracodon from the Uinta.
XLVII. Artiodactyls from the Uinta.

XLVI 1 1.

Pseudobagrus taiwanensis; P. adiposalis; Liobagrus nantoensis.

XLIX. Formosania

gilberti;

Labeo jordani.

L. Scaphesthes tamusuiensis; Puntius snyderi; Spinibarbus hollandi.

LI.

Recumbent spine

of S. hollandi;

Gnathopogon

iijimce;

Phoxiscus

kikiichii.

LII. Cidtcr aokii; Macropodus filamentosus.

LIII. Rhinogobius tahoamis; R. formosanus; Glossogobins parvus.

LIV. Caristius japonicus; Elepheiior macropus.

LV. Platyberyx opalescens; PteracUs
LVI. Bentenia

LVII. Pterycombus brarna; PteracUs

LVI II. PteracUs

velifera.

cesticola.

ocellatus;

trichipterus.

Centra phoUs goodei.

LIX. Cypripediuin passerinum.

LX.

Portrait of Charles Rochester

LXI. Portrait
LXII. Portrait

of

Eastman.

Andrew Arnold Lambing.

of Herbert

Huntington Smith.

LXIII. Portrait of Henry John Heinz.
iv


LIST OF FIGURES IN TEXT.
PAGES

D'Orsay presented to the Carnegie

New York

The

City.

first

Museum by
vehicle

Messrs. Healey

lighted

by

electric

batteries
Fig.

I.

2-

3.

&

Co. of

storage-

37

Oxycenodon dysclerus
"

44

"

44
60

Paramys compressidens

4.

Ischyrotomus gidleyi

63

5.

Sciuravus altidens

64

6.

Prosciurus matthewi

64
66

7.

8.

Pareumys milleri
Hylomeryx annectens

9-

"

"

10.

"

"

1 1

68

69
70

80

Achcenodon insolens

12.

Parahyus vagus

13.

Protoreodon medius.

14.

Protylopus peter soni.

15.

Protylopus annectens

16.

Diagram expressing

82
Vertebral column as found in
Left cubonavicular, etc

field

85

90
91

relationship of Hypertragulidae

lOi

17.

Isectolophiis annectens

119

18.

Hyrachyus grande

129

19.

Hyrachyus grande; Hyrachyus princeps

129

GENERA, SPECIES, AND VARIETIES NEW TO
SCIENCE DESCRIBED IN THIS VOLUME,
OR REDESCRIBED.
Plants.

SPERMATOPHYTA.
Family Orchidaceae.
Cypripedium passerinum Richardson (Redescribed)

343,

p.

PI.

LIX.

Fishes.

Family Silurid.e.
Pseudobagrus taiwayiensis Oshima

p. 180, PI.

Pseudobagriis adiposalis Oshima

p. 181, PI.

Liobagrus nantoensis Oshima

p. 183, PI.

XLVIII,
XLVIII,
XLVIII,

fig.

i.

Formosa.

fig. 2.

Formosa.

fig. 3.

Formosa.

1-2.

Formosa.

Family Homalopterid.e.
Formosania (gen. nov.)

gilberti

Oshima

.

p. 194, PI.

XLIX,

figs.

Family Cyprinid.e.
Labeo jordani Oshima

204,

p.

PI.

XLIX,

p.

209, PI. L,

3.

Formosa.

fig. i.

Formosa.

2.

Formosa.

fig.

Acrossocheilus (gen. nov.) Oshima, p. 206.

(Type Gymnostomus formosanus Regan.)
Scapheslhes (gen. nov.) tamnstliensis Oshima. ...

Puntius snyderi Oshima

p.

216,

L,

PI.

fig.

Spinibarbus (gen. nov.) hollandi Oshima
p. 218, PI. L, fig. 3; LI, fig. I.

*

Gnathopog07i iijimce Oshima

Phoxiscus (gen. nov.) kikuchii Oshima
Aristichthys (gen. nov.) Oshima.
Cutter aotiii

.

.

.

p.

p. 246,

Oshima

PI,

219,

p.

216, PI, LI,

(Type

p.

LI,

Formosa.

2.

Formosa.

fig. 3.

Formosa.

fig.

Leiiciscus nobilis (Gray)

250, PI. LI

I,

fig.

i.

).

Formosa.

Cultricutus (gen. nov.) Oshima, p. 252.

(Type

Cutter

teuciscutus

Kner,

non

Basilewsky

=

Hemicutter

kneri

Kreycnberg.)

Family Labvrinthici

Macropodus Jitumentosus Oshima

p.

vi

278,

PI.

LII,

fig.

2.

Formosa.


New

Genera, Species and Varieties

to Science.

vii

Family Gobiid.'E.
Rhinogohius taiwanus Oshima

Clossogobitis parvus

LI 1 1,

p. 298, PI.

Rhinogohhis formosanus Oshima

300, PI. LIII,

p.

Oshima

fig.

i.

Formosa.

fig.

2.

Formosa.

305, PI. LIII,

p.

fig.

3.

Family Elephenorid.e fam. nov. Jordan.
(Type Elephenor macropus
Elephenor gen. nov.

Type

Caristius

(Bellotti) Jordan.)

macropus

(Bellotti) Jordan., .pp. 329-334.

Family Pter.\clid^.
Centropholis goodei Jordan (nom. nov. for Pteraclis carolinus

non Cuv.

&

Valenciennes)

Good & Bean,
pp. 332, 333.

Mammals

(Fossil).

CARNIVORA.
Family Oxy^nid^.

Limnocyon douglassi Peterson,

XXXIV,

.p. 45, PI.

figs.

11-14..

Uinta Eocene.

6-10.

Uinta Eocene.

3-5.

Uinta Eocene.

Family Miacid^.

Mimicyon

(gen. nov.) longipes sp. nov. Peterson.
p. 48, PI.

Prodaphcenus

(?)

XXXIV,

figs.

robustus sp. nov. Peterson.
p. 50, PI.

XXXIV,

figs.

Pleurocyon (gen. nov.) magniis sp. nov. Peterson

XXXV.

Uinta Eocene.

p. 59.

Uinta Eocene.

p. 60, fig. 3.

Uinta Eocene.

p. 52, PI.

Pleurocyon mediiis sp. nov. Peterson

RODENTIA.
Family Ischyromyid^.

Paramys compressidens sp. nov. Peterson
Paramy s mediiis sp. nov. Peterson.

XXXIV,

p. 61, PI.

Ischyrotomus gidleyi sp. nov. Petenson

p.

Sciuravus altidens sp. nov. Peterson

p.

Prosciurus

(?)

robustus sp. nov. Peterson

figs.

15-22.

Uinta Eocene.

63,

fig.

4.

Uinta Eocene.

64,

fig.

5.

Uinta Eocene.

p. 65. fig. 6.

Uinta Eocene.

ARTIODACTVLA.
Subfamily HoMACODONTiN^.

Hylomeryx

(gen. nov.) annectens sp. nov. Peterson.

pp. 67-71, PI.

XXXVI,

Sphenomeryx (gen. nov.) quadricuspis

figs.

sp.

p. 71, PI.

5-6, text-figs. 8-10.

Uinta Eocene.

nov.

XXXVII,

figs.

15-16.

Uinta Eocene.


viii

New

Genera, Species and Varieties

Mesomeryx

to Science.

(gen. nov.) granger i sp. nov. Peterson.

XXXVII,

p. 73, PI.

17.

Uinta Eocene.

XXXVII.

Uinta Eocene.

XLI.

Uinta Eocene-

14, text-fig. 15.

Uinta Eocene.

fig.

Family AnoplotheriiD/E.
Diplobimops (gen. nov.) matthewi, sp. nov., Peterson.

p. 76, PI.

Family Agriochcerid^.
Protor odon medius sp. nov. Peterson.
p. 82, PI.

XL,

figs.

1-16;

pi.

Family Camelid.^.
Protylopus annectens sp. nov. Peterson.
p. 91, PI.

XXXVII,

fig.

Family Hypertragulid.^.
Leptotragulus medius sp. nov. Peterson.
p. 94, PI.

XXXVII,

figs.

1-4.

Uinta Eocene.

PERISSODACTYLA.
(To

IsECTOLOPHiD.E fam. nov. Peterson,

p. 115.

{non = Systemodon

Cope)

Hay

Homogalax

include

Peterson nom.

7iov.

&

for Iseciolophus latidens Scott

Homogalaxin^ subfam.

nov. Peterson,

Parisectolophus

Osborn,

etc.)

p. 116.

(Type gen. Homogalax Hay, non = Systemodon Cope.)
IsECTOLOPHiN.E subfam. nov Peterson,

p. 116.

Isectolophus scotti sp. nov. Peterson
p. 120, PI.

Pariseclolophus

nom. nov.

XXXIV,

fig.

for Isectolophus latidens Scott

23.

&

Uinta Eocene.

Osborn, Peterson.

Henry's Fork, Wyoming.

p. 121.

Schizo'ophodon (gen. nov.) cuspidens. sp. nov. Peterson.
p. 122, PI.

XLIV,

fig. 4.

Uinta Eocene.

Family Hyracodontid.e.
Ilyrachyus grande sp. nov. Peterson,

p. 129, text-figs.

18-19.

Uinta Eocene.

10-16.

Uinta Eocene.

fig. 2.

Uinta Eocene.

Prothyracodon uintense sp. nov. Peterson.
p. 134, PI.

XXXVl,

fig.

i; pi.

XLV;

Pi.

XLX'I,

figs.

CHALICOTHEROIDEA.
Eomoropus annectens

sp. nov. Peterson.
p. 139, PI.

XXXVI,


\
ERRATA ET CORRIGENDA.
P. 64, fifth line from top, for

"near base " read near

P. 65, third line from top, for "
P. 69, fifteenth line

from top,

P-"

top.

read P-.

for " protero " read postero.

P. 76, fifteenth line from top, for " Plate

XXXVII

" read Plate

XXXVIII.

P. 86, third line from bottom, for " Culbertsoni " read culbertsoni.

P. 92, sixteenth line from top, for " a paratype of " read belonging
P. 95, fourth line

from top,

for "

to.

A. proavus " read L. proavus.

P. 113, third line from bottom, for " to those " read do those.
P. 124, First footnote belongs to p. 123.
P. 128, second line from top, for " Fig. 3 " read Fig. 6.
P. 138, thirteenth line
P. 141, eighth line

from top, for

from bottom,

''

cutitalis "

read cubiialis.

for " 103 " read 104.

P. 142, third line from bottom, for " type " read paratype.
P. 144, second

and fourth

P. 148, sixth line

lines

from top,

from bottom, for " paratype " read

for "

upper " read lower.

P. 154, fifth to sixteenth lines from bottom,
For " Capoeta," where found, read Capoeta.

for "

30 " read 3016.

For " Distwchodon," where found, read " DistcEchodon.''

type.

Publications of the Carnegie

Museum

Serial No. igo

ANNALS
OF THE

CARNEGIE MUSEUM
Vol. XII.

W.

J.

Nos. 2-4

HOLLAND,

Editor

Published by the Authority of the

Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute
October. 1919


PRESS OF

THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY
LANCASTER, PA.


/

ANNALS

"^
__

CARNEGIE MUSEUM
VOLUME Xn.

NO.

I.

Editorial Notes
Last June a proposal

made by

Alabama Museum

the

of

Natural

History to undertake a thorough exploration of the Tertiary deposits

Alabama and adjoining states in conjunction with the Carnegie
Museum, was received and accepted. It is not necessary here to outline the details of the arrangement entered into by the two institutions.
The field work was, however, to be in charge of Mr. Herbert H. Smith.
Mr. Smith is a veteran collector, who enjoys an international repu-

of

and most painstaking
The work has been begun and most

tation as probably one of the ablest
naturalists of our day.

fying results are already reported.

A number

of localities,

field-

grati-

which

hitherto have not been carefully investigated, prove to be very rich in

specimens and species, some of which no doubt are new to science.

They

represent horizons from which up to the present time but very

scanty collections have been made.

Certain of the beds in

Alabama

and the faunules
contained in them are known; but other horizons have been more or
less neglected.
While not overlooking such well-known deposits as
the Claiborne, the joint expedition of the Carnegie Museum and the
have been quite thoroughly worked

Alabama Museum

of

in times past

Natural History

will

devote

much time

to the

investigation of those deposits which have as yet been only partially
studied.

may add

It is

hoped that by thus cooperating the two institutions

considerably to the knowledge gained of the faunas of this

most interesting geological region.
1

.

'^


Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

2

Letters received in August from Mr. Samuel

M. Klages

report that

he has succeeded in obtaining large series

in spite of various difficulties

and other natural history specimens, principally insects, in
Valley, French Guiana, which he reports to be highly interesting and to contain a very large and varied avifauna.
He found the
country immediately in proximity to Cayenne rather poor in species,
partly because of the wholesale destruction of birds by "pot-hunters,"
but on reaching the distant interior, where the ravages of the hungry
are less visible, he discovered a great wealth of interesting forms, and
of birds

the

Mana

hopes to be able to make a representative collection.

much

scientific interest,

value,

being well

it

if

for

known

This

no other reason, because
to ornithologists that

South American birds originally described

will possess

of its topotypic

many

species of

in the writings of

French

and Dutch naturalists were obtained in this region. In these days in
which writers are much addicted to the erection of subspecies and

the description of so-called local varieties, we have deemed it desirable
that at least one of the great American museums should endeavor to
acquire a collection of the birds of Guiana, as complete as possible by
comparison Avith which the value of so-called subspecies may be in a
measure tested.

Mr. H.

Room

a

J.

Heinz has added to the collection deposited

number

at Pekin.

in the

Heinz

coming from the imperial palace
the information which he has received con-

of interesting objects

According to

cerning them, these things are pieces of elaborately carved or decorated
furniture which affirmed were
of the

Republic

in

might be furnished

removed at the time

of the establishment

China, in order that certain rooms in the palace
in

the latest European styles.

Whether

this

was

the exact motive for their removal from the imperial palace or not,

they are certainly highly interesting as illustrating Chinese

The

art.

building and installation of a large and costly series of cases

for the display of the

specimens in the Heinz

Room

is

nearing com-

The work has heavily taxed the time and thought of the
Director of the Museum, who for the most part prepared the drawings
pletion.

and has attended

to a multiplicity of structural details involved in the

adaptation of the cases to the room and to the uses to which they are
to be in:t.


Editorial.

3

Mr. Herbert DuPuy has within recent months added to the colAmerican silverware which he has kindly loaned to the

lection of old

Museum,

thirteen pieces which possess great interest.

deposited a strip of Gobelin tapestry

made toward

He

has also

the end of the

seventeenth century.

The

paper in

initial

of the collection of

this

number

of the

Annals

watches deposited by Mr. H.

consists of a catalog
J.

Heinz

in the

Car-

Museum, containing one hundred specimens illustrating the
evolution of this form of time-piece and showing a number of beautiful
negie

in the adornment of watchProbably the most interesting specimen from an historic

specimens of the jeweler's art displayed
cases.

standpoint,

is

the watch which belonged to Lord Nelson, the hero of

Trafalgar, which

is

shown

edition of which

is

being separately issued.

as the frontispiece of the catalog, a small

The catalog has been
who wrote the introduction
and by Dr. W. J. Holland who

prepared jointly by Mr. Douglas Stewart,

and prepared the

list

edited the paper

and attended

illustrate
shall.

it,

of the specimens,

to the preparation of the plates

the photographs having been

made by Mr.

which

A. S. Cogge-


.-J.

I.

A CATALOG OF THE COLLECTION OF WATCHES BELONGING TO MR. H. J. HEINZ OF PITTSBURGH
AND DEPOSITED BY HIM IN THE

CARNEGIE MUSEUM.
By Douglas Stewart,

\V. J.

necessity of

some means

Holland, and A.

of

|

|

|
•

Coggeshall.

S.

•

INTRODUCTION.
The

?

|
•

marking the passage

of

time must

early have impressed the minds of even primitive peoples.

It

•

is

•

impossible to clearly trace the evolution of chrononietric instruments,

•

but the passage of the sun across the heavens at comparatively regular

|

The

|

intervals doubtless gave the first impulse to their invention.

form was doubtless the sun-dial, not as we know it now, but
simply a stake driven into the ground, which measured time by the
shadow which it cast. It was called by the Greeks a gnomon (yvufxuv),
earliest

"the one who knows."

The word

dial,

from the Latin

dies, is

more

gnomon now being used to designate that part of the sun-dial
which casts the shadow. As in the case of many other inventions,
that of the sun-dial is attributed to the Phoenicians.
The first direct
familiar,

i

|
I
I
i

•
i
>

I

cause the shadow on the steps,

i

gone down on the dial of Ahaz with the sun, to return back-

i

it

in literature is in Isaiah

Revised Version, says: "Behold

which

is

XXX-VIII,

which, in the

reference to

I

will

8,

ward ten steps; So the sun returned ten steps on the dial whereon it
was gone down." As chronologists assign the reign of Ahaz, King of
Judah, to the years 742-727 B. C, some idea of the antiquity of the
dial is given by this passage.
The earliest dial of which we have an

i

the hemicycle, or hemisphere, of the Chaldaean

•

accurate description

is

I
i
i

This learned man, a priest of Bel, translated the

•

standard Babylonian work on astrology and astronomy into Greek.

•

astronomer, Berosus.

The

translation,

which was completed

about the year 250 B. C, gives a
Another very ancient method

by means

full

of

in the reign of

to steal,

and

u5cop,

4

II,

time was

i
•

refers to the grad-

•

flight of

The name

water,

and

i

i

derived from

determining the

of the clepsydra or water-clock.

the Greek KkeiTTeLV,

Antiochus

description of the dial.

is

I


ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Vol.

Plate

XII.

Watch which belonged

to

Lord Nelson

(No.

76.).

The H.
ual "stealing

away

Heinz Collection of Watches.

J.

Time was measured by

of water."

5

the

amount

water discharged from a vessel through a small aperture, the quant-

of

ity discharged in a given unit of time being first determined.

Athenian courts

In the

arguments

it was customary
by this device; yEschines (389-314 B. C.) tells us that the "first water"
was allowed to the accuser, the "second" to the accused, and the

to limit the length of

Many

"third" to the judges.

modifications of this instrument were

employed, and the familiar hour-glass, also known to the Asiatics long
before the time of Christ,

was

which sand was substituted

for water.

All of these earlier

methods

practically the

for

same instrument,

in

measuring time were woefully inacwas a great step in advance.

curate, so that the invention of the clock

The name

and the date

of the inventor

of the invention of this val-

uable instrument are both lost in the mists of mediaeval times.

In

the year 1120 A. D. in the rules of the Monastery of Citeaux, France,

charged with the duty of "adjusting the clock, so that
and awaken the monks for matins." In the latter part
of the same rules it is ordered "to prolong their reading until the clock
sounds."^ The bell was an important part of these early timekeepers.
The word "clock" itself is most probably derived from the
Celtic word for a hell, and in the Celtic, Scandinavian, and German
tongues still preserves its original meaning (German, glocke; Danish,

the sacristan

may

it

is

strike

klokke; Gaelic, clog; Welsh, clock).

Peter Henlein or Hele of Nuremberg, a noted clock-maker, seems
to hold the undisputed

honor of inventing the watch.

1480 and died in 1542.

in

take the place of the ponderous weights of the clock
or portable clock, a possibility.

band about a

pillar.

He was born

His ingenuity in substituting a spring to

This

first

In the year 1658

to the balance-wheel of the

watch

made

the watch,

spring was simply a straight

Hooke applied a spiral spring
same year that Huyghens

in the

applied the pendulum to the clock.
It does not seem necessary
attempt a history of the mechanical improvements which followed,

first

to

many technical works, fully illustrated, have been published. It
was some time, however, before the mechanical improvements kept
pace with the perfection which was lavished upon the ornamentation
as

of the case.

The
1

See

Vol.

I,

bell

was retained

as

Dom. Augustin Calmet,
pp. 279-280.

"

an

essential feature of these early time-

Commentaire

litteral

sur la regie de Saint Benolt,"


Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

6

The word watch, from

pieces.

the Anglo-Saxon wacan, to waken,

gives an indication of this.

Though

Germany

the watch-making craft soon obby 1600 A. D. the manufacture of
time-pieces was a flourishing industry in that country, having its most
important center in the town of Blols. The skill of the metal-workers
originating in

tained a foothold in France, and

of the seventeenth century

many

watch-cases and

now

are

found

full

scope in the ornamentation of

beautiful examples were produced, but they

exceedingly rare in collections.

makers emigrated to England, and many

From France some watchworkmen were pres-

skilled

ently engaged there in this calling.

The

earliest

watches were

The

the hour.

fitted

with only one hand, which indicated

subdivisions of the hour were roughly calculated

the position of this hand between the points marking the hours.
figures

many

were raised and

of the earlier

by

The

watches were provided

with a knob above each numeral so that the time could be ascertained

dark by

Watches with two hands did not appear until
was not until the middle of the seventeenth
century that dials painted in enamel became the fashion for the most
costly watches.
Shortly afterwards dials of gold and silver with
figures in relief came into vogue.
The development of the characteristic circular shape of the watch
of today was gradual.
The earliest types were square metal boxes,
with the figures placed on a circle of a different metal fastened to the
face.
No. 19 of this collection is a good example of this type. This
form of watch had no protecting lid, but the resultant injury to the
in the

somewhat

dial

feeling.

later,

and

it

soon necessitated the invention of a cover or outer case.

first lids

The

were of perforated metal, thus permitting the figures under-

neath to be seen.

Watches

at this time were expensive

The extravagance

only be owned by the very wealthy.
the Elizabethan period had

its effect

upon watches.

and could
of dress in

Gold and other

precious metals, crystal, tortoise-shell, and enamel were lavishly used
in

the decoration of watch-cases and the most skillful artists were

employed to make them.

As the watch-glass had not yet come into
The outer
case had no connection with the watch pi-oper, but was a box in which
the watch was carried.
Many beautiful examples of these outer gold
cases ornamented with a chased or repousse design are exhibited in
general use,

many

this collection.

of the

watches had double or pair-cases.

In this connection

it

is

well to distinguish

between


The H.

J

Heinz Collection of Watches.

these two methods of ornament.

In repousse work,

7

the metal

is

punched from the back, producing a design in bold relief, while in
chasing the design is cut or engraved from the front and is the more

As these Elizabethan watches were not

delicate method.

carried in

the pocket, but were suspended about the neck by a ribbon, fashioned

was afforded for
Both transparent and opaque enamel were extensively

into bracelets, or set in brooches, every opportunity
their display.

employed and many artists, noted as workers in enamel, as well as
lapidaries, were engaged in designing and fabricating watch-cases.

On

account of the high price of watches, the portable, but inaccurate,

sun-dial persisted in use,

examples

and Nos.

of that instrument.

"And

Jaques's speech,

to 6 of this collection are rare

i

In Shakespeare's

"As You Like

It"

then he drew a dial from his poke," contains a

reference to such a pocket-dial.

The Puritan hatred

for display reveals its influence

even

in

watch-

During the period of the Revolution and Protectorate extravagance and beauty of ornament gave way to plainness in decora-

cases.

and watches were carried concealed in the pocket. The fob
German fit ppe a little pocket) now made its appearance,
and Cromwell's watch, preserved in the British Museum, is one of

tion

—

(Provincial

the earliest to display this adjunct.

The mechanical

skill of

the Swiss shortly after this period began to

reveal itself in the manufacture of watches,

and

in

modern times

Switzerland became the recognized center of the industry,

thousands of persons being employed
of

machinery for making the parts

became

of great

working

man

of

in

of

it.

watches the trade gradually

importance in the United States.

today

is

able to

buy

many

With the introduction

for a

The American

few dollars a much more

accurate time-piece than could have been possessed by the wealthiest
courtier of the Elizabethan Era.

It

must be

confessed, however,

that in these instruments artistic design has been very largely sacrificed to utility.

name of the maker on early
had a distinctive trade-mark, as an
Nuremberg, a pineapple for Augsburg, and a bear for Berne.

It is rather exceptional to find the

watches, but

"N"

for

many

By such marks,

in

of the cities

many

cases,

it is

at least possible to determine the

place of manufacture.

In England the "Hall-mark" is a sure guide to the date.
These
marks are impressed upon watch-cases, jewelry, and plate, made from
•|^a-»..*-*-»~»»«-»~*..*-»-*~»..*-«-«-*..c~««»~»..«»*..*..*»*..«»«..«..»..«~»~«..«..*..*..«>.*..*~«..*..*..*..«..*..*..*..*..«..«>


Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

8

either gold or silver, after the quality of the metal has been ascertained

by analysis at the Assay Halls of the Goldsmith's Company of London.
The privilege of assaying and marking precious metals was conferred

upon this honorable body by statute in 1300 A. D. and a charter was
granted in A. D. 1327. The powers of the company have been confirmed by subsequent acts of Parliament.
The standard mark of the
London Hall is a lion passant for sterling silver and this was also the
mark on twenty-two-carat gold until the year 1845. The present
mark for gold is a crown and the figures, which indicate the purity of
Prior to 1821 a crowned
the metal, such as " 18" for eighteen-carats.
The exact year of
leopard's head was also used as hall-mark.
manufacture is indicated by a letter of the alphabet which is changed
each year on the last day of May. The standard of purity in gold in
the earlier watch-cases was much higher than at present, as it was not
until 1798 that a lower standard than twenty-two carats was allowed.
In 1854
In that year the use of eighteen-carat gold was permitted.
three more standards were introduced, fifteen, twelve, and nine carats
of gold being

admitted to use,

who has generously deposited this collection in the
J.
has
used extreme care in the selection of the speciMuseum,
Carnegie
is
composed.
A number of years ago he became
mens of which it

Mr. H.

Heinz,

interested in the subject
collection

is

much more

and began the formation

of a collection.

His

extensive than that displayed, but he insists

that only the best specimens shall be exhibited.
sized rather than quantity,

though the collection

Quality
is

is

empha-

not by any means

So far as possible the catalog is arranged in chronological order
and the various steps in the- development of the watch from the porThe collection
table dial to watches of modern times may be traced.
has great educative value, not merely from the artistic standpoint,
but from the mechanical standpoint as well, since it is possible by its
For many reasons
help to study the evolution of watches as machines.
the collection is worthy to be regarded as one of the most important
small.

in the

^.

United States.


The H.

1

J.

Heinz Collection of Watches.

9

CATALOG

1
•
?

Ivory universal portable sun-dial and compass.

I.

Made by

hart Miller at Augsburg, Germany, in the year i6i8.

I

X

54

?

(Plate

II, fig. I.)

Ivory universal portable sun-dial and compass.

Made by Hanns

Troeschel at Augsburg, Germany, in the year 162

X

72

X

14 mm.)='

i

2.

Lien(92

16

1,

(100

X

mm.)
(Plate

II, fig. 2.)

Ivory universal portable sun-dial, perpetual calendar, and compass.

3.

Made by
(69

X

58

Ch. Blond at Dieppe, France, about the year 1660.

X

13

mm.)
(Plate III,

fig. I.)

Made by Johan Schretteger at AugsGermany, about the year 1660. (Diameter 57 mm.;
thickness 13 mm.)

Bronze portable sun-dial.

4.

burg,

(Plate III,

fig. 2.)

Bronze octagonal portable sun-dial.

5.

A. D. 1710.

(77

X

64

X

(PlatelV,
2

As

in

many

Made by

Piochat in Paris,

9 mm.)
fig. I.)

cases the figures given on the plates accompanying this Catalog are

necessarily reduced,

we have given

the principal dimensions, diameter over

across the face, and greatest thickness including the crystals or covers as they
are.

It is

may

when broken may be replaced by others
measurement, for purposes of comparison,

proper to observe that crystals

of a different curvature,

and that

this

all

now

therefore at times prove to be misleading.


-»-^

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

10
Bronze

6.

portable sun-dial* and compass.
an Englishman, who settled in Paris

Made by

octagonal

Butterfield,

This dial

1720.

in the year

almost a duplicate of the preceding, even

is

gnomon, which

to the design of the

is

a bird.

X

(77

65

X

ii

mm.)
(Plate IV,

Silver

7.

"Nuremberg Egg".^

fig. 2.)

An

elaborately engraved silver dial

has a brass ring superimposed, on which the figures for the

The

hours are engraved.

case

engraving depicting a boar hunt.

is

pierced and engraved, the

Made at Augsburg, Germany,

during the early part of the seventeenth century.

(Length

63,

breadth 41, thickness 28 mm.)
(Plate V,

Gilt brass

8.

"Nuremberg Egg", signed "H."

teenth century.

(Length 48, breadth
(Plate V,

Watch

9.

fig. 2.)

in gilt

Made

in the seven-

30, thickness 23 ram.)

fig. 3.)

metal case with a perforated and engraved

makes the

dial visible

without raising the

lid.

The

lid,

which

dial is of

engraved metal. The case is surrounded by a band of pierced
and engraved silver. The watch has an alarm-bell. Made by
Angelo Rota in Rome between the years 1590 and 1600. The
(Diamcatgut movement of this watch is of slightly later date.
eter 60, thickness 31 mm.)
(Plate V,
3

The "Nuremberg Egg"
first made

form, which were

is

at

a

name

fig. I.)

applied to watches of this flattened, oval

Nuremberg about 1600 A. D.


^•»«

The H.
lo.

Watch

in

J.

metal case with blue and white enameled

Made

movement, and alarm-bell.
(Plate V,

52, thickness

watch

Silver

in a pierced

fig. I.)

watch with a pierced and engraved

mm.)

ness 31

A

silver

(Plate VI,

watch with a double

pierced and engraved.

Paul Luttin
38

14.

Watch

in

mm.)

case.

1690.*

Made by

Daniel

(Diameter 46, thick-

fig. 2.)

case.

The

dial

The outer and

is

of

London, A. D. 1690.
(PlateVI,

in a case

design.

carved

inner cases are

Made by

silver.

(Diameter

55, thickness

fig. 3.)

enameled both inside and out

Made by Thomas Tompion

in

in a

London

Louis XIII
in

the year

(Diameter 46, thickness 29 mm.)
(Plate VI,

*

30 mm.)

and engraved case. The dial is of silver
and bears the name of Grantham, though the works were made
by Fromanteel and Clark of London, about the year 1680.
The case is of a later date. (Diameter 50, thickness 34 mm.)

Silver

Quare, of London, about the year iGSc*

13.

catgut

fig. 4.)

(Plate VI,

12.

dial,

by P. Gregoire at Blois,

(Diameter

France, about the year 1620.

1 1.

H

Heinz Collection of Watches.

fig. 4-)

Quare was a famous English watchmaker and the inventor

of the repeating

watch.
5 Tompion (1638-1713) was known as the "Father of English watchmaking,"
and did more to bring this craft to the fore in England than any man of his time.
He was the first maker to number watches successively and thus make positive

identification possible.
This watch is number 234. Tompion and his pupil.
George Graham, are buried in Westminster Abbey.