REPORT ON THE SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE VOYAGE OF S-Y SCOTIA V04-1, BRUCE

//r
SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION.

EEPOET
OX THK

SCIENTIFIC KESULTS
OF THE

VOYAGE OF

S.Y.

DURING THE YEARS

1902,

1903,

"SCOTIA"
AND

1904,

UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF

WILLIAM
LL.U.,

F.R.S.E.

ZOOLOGY.

Volume IV.
TART

ZOOLOGICAL LOU,

I.

B.Sc., M.D., etc.,

and

inc/ ml tin/

100

by DAVID W. WILTON,

R.

Thirty-three

N.

RUDMOSE BROWN,

J.

H. HARVEY Putin.

B.Sc.

and two Maps,
THE EDITOR and THE AUTHORS.

/'/(<'.<<

Photographs

Col<.
BRUCE,

S.

bi/

l^routixfiifci'

/>;/

WILLIAM SMITH.

EDINBURGH

:

ccanograpljtcal tlaboratorg,

Scotttjl)

SOLD AT

OCKAXOGUAPHICAL LAHORATORY
55 SOUTH BRIDGE, EDINBURGH
& SONS, 61 ST VINCENT STREET, GLASGOW.

TUT. SCOTTISH

;

JAMES THIN,
JAMKS

MA<'I,KIIOSE

;

1908.
u'i-

Tli n'li i-n

SflUHngS

'//

<7. ,l/i

Ti-n

XliilHiHjs unrl X/.//M

/>

///

/mpcr.

L

I

B R A
.



SCOT.

NAT. ANT. Exp.

(Vol.

iv.,

Part

i.).

PLATE

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EDITORIAL NOTE.
ON

had learnt the value of keeping immediate records in
systematic manner of everything of scientific value, so that memory need never lie
trusted to, even for the matter of a day, and so that things observed could be referred
to at any time in black and white.
To Mr DAVID W. WILTON I handed over the
;i

I

previous voyages

keeping of the Zoological Log, and I cannot praise too highly the systematic and conscientious manner in which he gathered us all together every evening and extracted

from us

in brief everything

therefore, the log

is

we had seen during

his excellent work,

noted during every day.

I

it

may mention

is

the day of zoological interest.
While,
the summing up of everything that was

that the crew became keen and accurate

observers and careful collectors, and to them are due

Among
second

the

all

officer,

ship's

the late

many most

company there was, perhaps, no

Mr ROBERT DAVIDSON. He would

better

valuable records.

observer than

distinguish a

new

our

bird on

the wing at long distance before anybody on board.
From the start of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition to its finish the
open-air observations of the naturalists on board were recorded daily in this log.
The log makes no pretensions to being anything more than a field note-book of the
It was, naturally, impossible to identify all birds
natural history of the voyage.
seen on the wing, and all marine animals passed by when the ship was making passages
In consequence, especially during the passage of the
from one point to another.

"Scotia" through the tropics, the records on many days are slight; and if the entries
occasionally have little scientific value, they can at least claim to be a faithful record of

During the "Scotia's" cruises in antarctic seas, and more particularly

during her wintering in Scotia Bay, South Orkneys, the daily entries will be found to
be fuller and more precise, and it is from those regions that the observations will have
life

observed.

Everyone on board was conversant with the names of the antarctic birds
the attention of all the naturalists was concentrated on the work
and since

most value.

and

seals

;

;

the "Scotia" was then

attempt made

iti

her special

at quick passages.

field of operations,

The

log,

there

was seldom,

if

ever, any
from
a
few
therefore, expanded
cursory

observations into a detailed naturalists' diary.
The log has been prepared for publication with no material alterations

;

the

names

of the animals referred to have been added in footnotes wherever possible and desirable,

.

*

v

^*- ^

.IBRAR

Y


EDITORIAL NOTE.

VI

and here and there a few explanatory notes have been inserted at the bottom of the
Otherwise it stands exactly as it was written from day to day.
page.
While Mr D. W. WILTON was the recorder
it

was occasionally necessary for him, during

to delegate the task to another

BROWN
mouths
Islands

when

;

this

for

by

far the greater part of the

his absence

voyage,

on sledge and boat journeys,

of the scientific staff, usually Mr R. N. RUDMOSE
has been recorded in a note.
During the summer

member

was the case

it

"

"
903-04, when the Scotia was absent coaling and refitting at the Falkland
and Buenos Aires, Dr J. H. HARVEY PIRIE was the author of the "Zoological

of

1

Log of Omond House, Scotia Bay."

RUDMOSE BROWN for the very great help he has given me
I have also been aided by Professor J.
in the editing of this part of Volume IV.
ARTHUR THOMSON and Mrs BRUCE in the final revision of the proofs. The work is
of Aberdeen,
greatly enhanced by the coloured frontispiece of Mr WILLIAM SMITH,
I

have

to

thank

Mr

R. N.

;

I
have
doubly valuable since he has had experience as artist in a Polar expedition.
to cordially thank Messrs BLACKWOOD for the use of blocks for no less than fifteen

of the illustrations, which have previously appeared in their interesting publication
entitled

The Voyage of

photograph of the great

the Scotia,

and Messrs ROWLAND

WARD

for

allowing their

sea-lioii to appear.

WILLIAM

S.

Editor.

BRUCE,


CONTENTS.

ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF "SCOTIA."
PARE

RECORDER DAVID W. WILTON

1

RUDMOSE BROWN,

RECORDER

R. N.

RECORDER

DAVID W. WILTON

RECORDER

R. N.

4S)

RUDMOSE BROWN,

RECORDER DAVID

W.

45

15.Sc.

52

B.Sc.

WILTON

60

ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SUMMER STATION,

OMOND HOUSE.
RECORDER

J.

H.

HARVEY

PIRIE,

B.Sc.,

M.D.

85

311)51



AND MAPS.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PLATK

I.

Weddell Seals and Emperor Penguin.

1.

Painted by William Smith
FACISO PAOE

PLATE

II.

"In

2.

The "

rnedias res"

"
in the " Scotia

Scotia

....

naturalists, Messrs

Deck Laboratory

where

Antarctic lauding

Photograph* by W.

PLATE

III.

Wilton, Brown, and

Pirie,

.......

Saddle Island, South Orkneys,

3.

"

"Scotia" naturalists

made

their

first

S. Bruce.

Portuguese Man-o'-War (Physalia) (| natural

size)

:

...
!......
...

4.

Full

sail

5.

End

tilted up, whilst

6.

Lying

!

.

.

.

turning over!

.

Photographs ij

II".

.

S. Bruce.

PLATE IV.
7.

Sunrish

Large

raptured
8.

(Ortliagorfsais

lat,

39

01'

S.,

size); (a) Dorsal aspect,

53 40' W.

long.

Sucking Fish (/>///'/*) taken

Scottish Oceanographical Laboratory,

in

////
.

alive inside the

mouth

showing sucker on top

Photographs ly T.

C.

of

of the Smiii-li

head

:

(/>)

(.',

natural

Ventral aspect

Day.

PLATE V.
9.

Crab

masked

lat.

18

with red

aluie

26' S., long. 37

ami

08'

W.

sponges
(1).

from Abrolhos Hank, 36 fathoms,

natural size).

Photoijni/ih by T. C.

......

10. Securing a shot Oyster Catcher near Capi- Pembroke, Falkland Islands.
H". S.

graph by
11.

Tussock Grass

(

Bruce

Dm-li/li^ t:Tx/'/tn.i),

Stanley, Falkland Islands.
12.

Sea Elephant

where sea lions

l'li'-in ir
(Miii'i-crln'iii/* l<-
:

///

II'.

sleep,

Day

Photo-

Tussock Islands, near

>. /.'//"

.

Port William, Falkland Islands

.

_

,


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
FACING PAGE

PLATE VI.
13.

Weddell Seal (Leptonychotes wedife lit).

14.

White Antarctic Seal (Lobodon carcinopliaga).

15.

Sea Leopard Seal (Sfenorhynchus Jeptonyr).

1G.

Ross Seal (Ommatophoca

Photograph,

Inj

W.

Bruce

S.

Photograph ly R. N. R. Brown

H. H. Pirie

J.

Photograph by

Photograph by W.K.Bruce

rossi).

.

PLATE VII.
17.

Blue-eyed Shags (PhaJacrocorax atricepx) on Rudmose Rooks, South Orkne)

18.

Gentoo Penguins

papua) fishing

(Pyi/oscelis

T

s

.

10

South Orkneys

in Scotia Bay,

Photographs ly W. S. Bruce.

PLATE VIII.
19.

Gentoo Penguins (Pygoscelis papua) fishing
Tail

20.

in

South Orkneys.

Scotia Bay,

up

Point

on

Shags (Phalacrocorax atriceps) nesting

Blue-eyed

Thomson

.

...

.

21.

Macdougall and a friendly Blue-eyed Shag

22.

Blue-eyed Shag, nest, and egg

Shag Rock, opposite

12

.

Photographs by W. S. Bruce.

PLATE IX.-

!.....

South Orkneys.

23. Black-throated Penguins (Pygoscelis adeUx.) on Point Martin,

A

fight

24. Black-throated

!.....

Penguins

the Gauntlet

on

and

27.

Island,

Graptolite

Photographs
25. 26,

.

lij

W.

South

Orkneys.

Running

14

.

.

Bruce.

S.

Emperor Penguins (Apt enodyt es forsteri) (height
ihs.).
Photographs by W. S. Bruce and

about 70 to SO

fully 3 feet,
J.

weight

H. H. Pirie

PLATE X.
28.

Weddell Seal (Leptonychotes

29.

Weddell Seals on Mossinau Peninsula, Scotia Hay

30.

Firmer Whale (Balxnoptera

31.

Two Finner Whales

iveddelli) off

Coats Lane;
16

....
sp.

?)

Photographs

/>//

W.

S.

Bruce.

PLATE XI.

.....

32.

A

33.

A new species of deep- water Antarctic Isopod (Serolix mfrii.liunalis) taken near Coats

shallow-water Antarctic Isopod (Glyptonotus antarcticus) taken in Scotia Baj',
in 10 to 20 fathoms (i natural size)

Land

in

1410 fathoms.

Lat. 71

Photographs
34.

A

long-lost Ten-legged
'

Scotia

"

Inj

22' S., long. 16
1C. S.

W.

(l

natural size)

.

Bruce.

Sea Spider (Decalopoda

naturalists (| natural size).

34'

atis/ni/ig),

Photograph

Inj

rediscovered by the

T. C.

Day

20

LIST

XI

[ILLUSTRATIONS.

()K

I'A'iK

PLATE XII.3.>.

The Crimson Cushion

si:ir

A shallow-water form,
i10 to 30 fall

idus).

(Odor,

quantities were taken

ilinni'iisi-

Scotia

in

I

ill

lay,

of \\hirh

natural

1

(

.J

r

size)

A

36.

M ailisli

bhallow-watci

were taken

May, in

10 fathom-

I'/in/lli/i-itl'll.l

ol

Turqueti),

/i/ti/.
(

in Scotia

'.'.

'/'.

I''/

24

which eonsid-iuMe numbers

natural size)

(i;

l>,l'J.

XIII.

1'I.ATK

A

37.

4S
38.

A

S.,

A

IU'

long.

Siarlisli

rlfiep-watiT

UJ

39.

Starfish

deep-water

10' S., lonp.

'JO'

\V.

(.;

l.at.

in

1775

fathoms.

I.al.

in

2103

fatlnnns.

I/ii.

2S

.

taken

rdbustlts)

(| natural size)
*

1'I.ATE

taken

natural size)

(Sti/i-m-iisti'i-

W.

taihoins.

17-1^

in

nutunil size)

Uritonoster joluinwe)

long. 9" 31'

7' S.,

."I

\V. (n

(<

-11

Starlisli

iir<']i-\vaiiT

taken

(Psilasteropsis facetw)
.")'

.

T. C. !>"'!.

I'll

XIV.
40.

Dieil^ini; in sliallou- water at winter quarters

41.

Dreilging in deep water

.

II".

/'//<;/'/c<^,/,x lij

42

fnun "Scotia's" l">w

32

Hrii'-'\

,S'.

Setting a fishing line in a large pool in Scotia Bay.

Photograph

/"/

A.

li.

II.

Broirn
43.

The

Iiirgi!

ii^oi liy the

Trap

"Srntia"

naturalists.

I'lm/n./t-n/ili

/>>/

/>.

II'.

WHImi

PLATL XV.
44.

Animal

45.

Animal

in

life

in

life

16

W.

34'

deep Antarctic Seas, 1410

Ni.itntliniiii

also

T. C.

47.

A

coriiceps taken

oft'

living Nototheuiu
!.

(

nutural

\Ve
11".

''.'/

>

s

'.

71

22'

.

S.,

Hruce.

numbers

in great

Scotia

in

in 5 to

.......

Coats

Day

1'atlioms,

Orkneys

.

I'li'i/it'ji-iii'//*

46.

Scotia May, South

shallow Antarctic Seas, lo fatln.ni

Land

<///'/>>'i-//roi/.<,

I'll,

size).

fathoms

161

in

ilmjrii i'li

natural

(J.

about 10 fathoms,

W.

I'll

8. lit

l!:iy

size).

80 fathom.-

I'lmlu.ji

,
;

lnj

May, South Orkneys

,Ies>ii

'/>>

PLATE XVI.
48.

\Veddell

Seal

it;;/,/,-!//

(L"j'/mt if//"/''*

and

)

ne\\ ly-burn

voiin.j-,

Seotia

May,

South Orkney49.

Weddell

50.

Young Weddell Seal one day

Seal and vnuni; alumt

two or three days

old, Scotia

J'/lll/u'/I'll/ll/S

51.

Young
l,i/

Wed.iell
T. C.

Seal

two days

I'll

II".

old,

old. Scuti

i

Miv. South (Jrkm-ys

May, South Orkneys
>'.

A'/'"'''

.

Scotia Hay,

South Orkney.-.

I'/i

12


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

XI 1

FACING I'AOK

PLATE XVII.
52. Blue-eyed
<

53.

Shag

irkiievs.

(Phal
Photoi/i'apli .by

.....
.....
.....
on

S.

II".

Photograph by

Ringed Penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica)
Photograph by J. H. H. Pirie

55.

Ringed Penguins
by

Point

at

fighting

at

nest,

Ferguslie

Peninsula,

Macdougall Bay, South

in

Thomson, Pirie Peninsula.
.

.

.

Rudmose Rocks, South

South

48

H. H. Pirie

J.

54.

J. //. //. Pirie

at

Bruce

Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) on
Orkneys.

nest,

.

.

.

Orkneys.

Photograph
.

.

/

PLATE XVIII.
56.

Ringed

Penguins

Pliotoijrapli by

Orkneys.
57.

....

itn/i/rrfic't)

(Pyt/usci'/i*

II".

N.

Point Thomson,

courting.

Bruce

Point Thomson, South Orkneys.

Ringed Penguins mating.
D. W. Wilton

South

Photograph by

PLATE XIX.
58.

......

(Meijalestris antareticus) fighting on the beach,

Antarctic Skuas

Photograph by H. C. Mossmaii
59. Antarctic

W.

S.

60. Antarctic
61.

Skua

Bay, South Orkneys.

Macdougall

flying.

Scotia Bay.

Photographs by

56

Bruce

Skua on

nest.

White-rumped Tern

Mossmaii Peninsula, South Orkneys

Hirundinacea)

(Sterna

Pkotograplis by J.

at Point Davis,

H, H.

Pirie.

nest.

Jessie Bay,

.

South Orkneys.

PLATE XX.
(Pagodroma nieea) on

62.

Snowy

Petrel

63.

Snowy

Petrel flying, Weddell Sea.

of pack ice

.........
by

PlKi/iH/riiji//*

64.

65.

Photograph by

Cape Pigeons
Peninsula.

PLATE

The snowy

II".

Young Great Southern Black-backed
down.

South Orkneys

J.

or

S.

Bruce.

Photofjrupli by

preparing tu nest.

W.

S.

Bruce

60

.....
.....

Dominican Gulls (Larus dominieanus)

H. H. Pirie

(l)a[>li<>n. i-njii'ii^ia)

petrel indicates the proximity

in

Macdougall Bay, Ferguslie

XXL
66.

Fatagouian Sea Lion (Otaria jubata) in Royal Scottish Museum, from Tussock
Port William, Falkland Islands.
Island,
Weight exceeding 1200 Ibs.

Photograph by liinrlnml

......

Wnnl

PLATE XXII.
67.

The "Scotia"

beset off Coats Land, Antarctica.

Shear-legs for baited trap set in

101 fathoms shown, also flensing board for sealskins
68.

We.'ldi-ll Seal

(Leptonyc/wtes we
Photographs by

11".

S.

(_)ff

Brit*-'-.

Coats Land, Antarctica

64


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

xni
FACINO PAGE

PLATK XXIII.69.

A

Stalked deep-sea 'Sponge, a new genus and .species of the family A'/
take n from a depth of L'-lsr. fathoms.
Lat. 64 48' S., long. 44

70.

A

.......

ibout ^ natural size)

i

new

species of

ilke

St.

.1

'rinoid or Feather-star

(

deep-sea

....

taken from a depth of .485 fathoms.
]

71

naturil size)

An Al

1

}'

niarian

(Atit/'lii/u/i/i/x

;

Lit.

;/"'"'''-'),

and Burdw .....

Hank

1

(g natural size)

Photographs by

Helena

SI,

.

70

Gough

large i|uanlities off

.

.

.

ttnwe.

.S

II'.

in

'

.

.

smaller quantises at

in

26' (about

.

taken

Lland. South Atlantic, 100 fathoms, and

W.

(I'li/uri-inux

48' S., long. 44

(>4

26'

PLATK XXIV.
72.

An

73.

A

.....

rolmtta) taken
Aleyonariau (/V/-,// fathoms and off' St Helena (,\ natural size)

new

74.

A

(5 natural size)

shallow-water

Antarctic

Buckie

//,<

brueei) taken

(Neobucdnum

quantities in Scotia and Jessie Hays. South
7"'.

oft'

72
taken

Orkneys (natural
in

in

size)

large

large

.

quantities

Day

0.

"/'.

100

in

Gongli Island, 100

etoni),

Shallow-water Antarctic Limpet (Patella polnrif), taken
in Scotia and Jessie Bays, South Orkneys (natural size)
Pliofi>!/in/iliK Inj

Island

Gough

....

species of Alcyonarian (Tlto/nn-'

fathoms

off

PLATK XXV.
76.

Atlantic
77.

.....

Yellow-billed Souty Albatross (Phoebetria, fuligino&a), oil'tiongh Island, South

(Ireat

.

........

Southern Black-backed or Dominican Gull (Larus

South Orkneys

lix

II".

/*//

i!uiiii//i:-aimn)

74

flying.

N.

PLATE XXVI.
78.

An

79.

Cape Pigeon (Dapt/'Hi

xii.

Wilson's Petrel (Oceanites oceanicus) flying

81.

Blue-billed

(Ettfi-ellu/a in

South

the roaring forties
7-//.-.-/x)

nil'

living

Sooty Albatross (Plioebetria

Smith Orkneys
off

South Orkneys

i-iji-ni'-tii-/'.'*)

flying

76
.

about

lat.

50

S.,

Atliinlic
II".

N.

Bruce.

PLATE XXVII.
82. His

Excellency Col. H. L. Galway, Governor of

introduced into St Helena about
83.

Bay, South Africa

Peuains (Sphem'scus

Falkland
x.j.

[Slack-footed

St.

Helena, riding a tortoise,

hundred years ago

......

Bush completely covered with

81. Jackass

a

nests,

probably

-shags,

on an island

magellanicus) on Tussock

in

Saldanha

Island, Port William,

l.-lands

Penguins

Hassen Island, South Alrici

(Sp/i'-uixi'i/a />
II

.

N.

Urif'

1

.

.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
FACING PAOK

PLATE XXVIII.
86.

Two

87.

A

living

88. J.

H. H.

89.

living

Chelmons and

Monocanthus

a living

......

baby Turtle

natural size)

(.}

(i natural size)

.

80

Pirie catching Velellas in Mid-Atlantic

D. W. Wilton shooting birds

in Mill-Atlantic

Photoffl'apJis

by W.


.

Bruce.

PLATE XXIX.
90.

Land Crabs (Telphusa)

91.

.......
......

at an altitude

Ascension (J natural

size)

exceeding 2000 feet on Green Mountain,

A Cape of Good Hope Tortoise (Test tut
Bay, South Africa (i natural

Schweigg) captured

nn/iulnta,

in

Saldanha

size)

Photographs

inj

T. C.

Day.

PLATE XXX.
92.

Oinond House, Scotia Bay, South Orkneys.

93.

A

Photograph by

II'.

S. Jyrm-e

85

Giant Cuttlefish (Onychoteuthis), ea|itureil in Jessie Bay, South Orkneys,
length about 6 feet.
Photograph by L. H. Valeite
.

PLATE XXXI.

94. Giant Petrel (Ossifraga
gigantea), grey variety on nest of stones.
/>//

95.

Giant

W.

S.

Pliotnr/iaph

Bruce

Petrel,

Wiltini

white

variety,

ami

nest

.

Photograph

egg.

D.

Inj

II".

:

88

.

.........

96. Giant Petrels, pale grey,

a seal skin

with

.

dark grey, and white

varieties,

gorging on blubber off

97. Giant Petrel rising with difficulty after gorging

Photoi/rat'lm by

W.

S. Bruce.

PLATE XXXII.

........

98. Giant Petrel^, Nellies, or Stinkers (Ossifraga gigantea) nesting at

South Orkneys
99.

Sheathbills or Paddies (Cliionis alba) at Ferguslie Peninsula, Maedougall
l'hnt
I'//

II'.

Bay

92

.

S. Bruc.e.

XXXI1L

PLATE

........
......

100. Black-throated Penuiiin
J. //. //. Pirie

101.

Black-throated
'/'

MAP

Cape Geddes,

I.

(

/-'//;/o.-,r,

Penguins,

/'//

H'.

.^'.

-Us

rookery

mid UK)
on

feeding

Ferrier

its

young.

Peninsula,

l'lif
South

Inj

100

Orkneys.

liruce

Track Chart of the " Scotia," 1902-1904.

BIJ W. S.
I

MAP

II.

Map shewing

the

Trawling Stations of the

"

Scotia," 1902-1904.

BIJ

II".

,S.

l>nn-f.

\

104


PART L-ZOOLOGICAL

LOG.




NAT. ANT. Exp.

SCOT.

(Vol.

Zoological

K. N.
2.

In medias

Log

PLATE

i.).

of Scottish National Antarctic
Expedition.

Kudmose Brown.

m-.-The "Scotia"

Part

iv.,

David W. Wilton.

J.

Naturalists, Messrs Wilton,

Weddell Island.

H. Harvey

Brown, and

Pirie.

Pirie, in

\rhr.ta

the "Scotia"

Inj

W.

S.

Uruee.

Deck Laboratory.

Saddle Island.

I

Saddle Island, South Orkneys,

;.s

SITU

Naturalists

Icmkiiif,'

made

North-West from Jessie Bay, when-

their first Antarctic Landing.

riini,,

tin-

"

ha

ii'.

Si-otia

.s.

"

Bruce.

II.


ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF

SCOTIA, 1902-04

S.Y.

DAVID W. WILTON,
Recorder.

Nov. llth, 50 46' N.

we took

great care of

it, it

7

35'

W.

succumbed

A

lark flew on board about uoon,

to exhaustion during the night.

C

Nov. 13th, 46 20' N. 10 00' W. Sharks were observed
afternoon while we were engaged in kite-flying.

Nov. 16th, 40 45' N. 13 16' W.
Nov. nth, 39 34' N. 14 01' W.

make

and though

for

the

first

time this

Gulls seen during the day.
Birds observed in the afternoon too far

oft'

to

out.

59' N. 14

Nov. 18th, 36
Nov. 19th, 34

34'

W.
W.

Two

gulls seen.

Stormy petrels observed at 10 A.M.
Nov. 20th, Arrived at Funchal, Madeira, 9 A.M. Crows, sparrow-hawks, corbies
and pigeons seen during our stay. Botanical and zoological collections on shore and
A large number of species of fish were bought at the market and
land were made.
18' N. 15

25'

Several of the scientific staff went by rail about 2000 feet up for collectLizards
collection of plants.
ing and secured some lizards, butterflies and a small
Pirie did some shore collecting.
are to be seen everywhere, even in houses.
sent home.

Nov. 2Mh, 30
Nov. 2,5th, 28

14'

Nov. 26th, 26

14' N. 18

13'

N. 19

15'

23' N. 20

20'

W.
W.
W.

First of

Mother Carey's chickens seen to-day.

Several petrels observed during the day.

Shark and petrels seen.

Brown contained Appendicularia and bright blue copepods.
and the marks upon it seem to point to a shark.
Nov. 27th, 24 21' N. 21 20' W. Petrels seen.

First tow-net taken

by
The third one came up

torn,

3

taken in the tow-net for the

Nov. 28th, 21

first

A

specimen of Halobates was

time.

58'

N. 22

26'

W.

Petrels seen.

Radiolarians very plentiful

18'

N. 23

22'

W.

Petrels seen.

Halobates and Sayitta

in

the

tow-net.

Nov. 29th, 20
tow-net.

in

the


ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA

2

Nov. 30th, 18 59' N. 24 20' W. First flying-fish 1 observed.
which flew on board. Pulmnulina in abundance in the tow-net.
Dec.
outside

At Porto

1st,

harbour.

Preserved four

Grande, St Vincent, Cape Verde Islands. Shark seen
went collecting along the shore and brought back a

Pirie

We bought several species of fish at the market. A very barren
and
the
place,
only bird seen was a buzzard, which people here say act as scavengers
of the place and are protected by law.
Peridineans observed in tow-net.
good

collection.

Dec. 2nd, 15

15'

N. 25

09'

W.

and

Petrels

observed

flying-fish

all

day long,

the latter seem to flutter their wings and change the direction of their flight. 2
Several boobies, petrels, flying-fish, bonitos and
Dec. 3rd, 13 07' N. 25 09' W.

dolphins seen the last two for the first time.
Dec. -ith, 11 15' N. 25 20' W.

Several boobies, petrels, flying-fish and bonitos
seen during the day.
Caught two bonitos and dissected one preserved the other.
;

Some

small

Dec.

PhysaUa

5th,

23' N. 25

9

which were taken.
fish

adhering to
Dec. 6th,
Dec.

of

7th,

Dec.

31'

W.

;

T

35' N. 25

32'

5

25' N. 26

07'

far

off.

13' N.

3

W.
W.

Flying-fish and
Flying-fish and

26

30'

Paul's Rocks,

Fitchie pointed out fins

petrels.

Halobates very plentiful

scarce.

W.

Flying-fish and petrels seen.

Many

55' N.

Large

flashes of

light blue copepods in tow-net.

Flying-fish
of
Velella
was
whilst kite
out.
specimens
St,

petrels observed.

Portuguese men-of-war also seen.

phosphorescence observed at night.
Dec, 9th, 1 42' N. 27 32' W.

Dec. Wth,

after noon, dimensions of

etc., of the shark preserved, also two sucker
Halobates observed in tow-net blue copepods plentiful.

and copepods remarkably

8th,

Caught a shark soon

Sample of liver, brain,

it.

some whales

in tow-net,

in the tow-net.

29

22'

and

W.

petrels

seen.

Caught some

Sharks innumerable.

Secured

eight specimens, and took dimensions and weight of each, besides preserving one

school
whole, and the heads of two others, one especially for brains and nerves.

A

of porpoises seen about 8 A.M.
Tried to effect a landing on the rocks, but the high sea
running at the time foiled our attempts. Several fish seen but none caught, as the
3

4
Observed some
sharks took every bait.
Plenty of boobies and terns on the rocks.
boobies nesting the young ones nearly white.
Shot some adult birds of each kind but
:

could not get any young.
also planarians

Dec. llth,

PhysaUa

seen.

Velella frequently seen

and some kind of spawn on a dead

22' S. 31

00'

W.

very poor, except for foraminifers.
Dec. \2tli, 2 01' S. 32 18' W.

Flying-fish and petrels observed.

The

first

and we secured

Velella.

large

PhysaUa

Tow-net catch

seen this afternoon.

A

couple of boobies also observed and flying-fish seen in great quantities.

1

Esocetus volitans.
Observations were made daily on board to attempt to settle the question as to whether or not the
flying-fish can use their pectoral fins as functional wings.
*
Sula leucoyaster,
Anous stolitlu* anil Micranous leucocapillus.
3

'


SCOT.

NAT. ANT. Exp.

iv.,

(Vol.

PLATE

i.).

of Scottish National Antarctic Expedition.

Log

Zoological

Part

\rhnt,,
4.

[/

5.

End

Tilted

Up

hato

whilst Turning

i

>i

ii

.

Over

S.

Full Sail

in,

ir. s.

Bruce.

!

Bruce.

[Photo by
6.

!

Portuguese Man-o'-War

(J'lii/salia).

(I

natural size.)

Lying

!

1C. S.

Bruce.

III.



SCOTLAND TO THE FALKLAND ISLANDS,
Dec, 13th, 3

and

Hying

-

fish

38' S. 33

W.

20'

breakfast.

before

1902

Observed some specimens of Physalia,
Mr Bruce, Brown and myself saw a

Velella,

gannet

Saw
about noon, white with black tips on its wings.
afternoon,
Radiolarians
far
off
a
too
to
determine.
which looked like
very plentiful in
petrel,
a

bird

the

in

tow-net.

Dec.

1

4th, 5

50' S.

34

20'

W.

1

What

the captain describes as "dolphin whales"
a dozen or more of these cetaceans were lying lazily

were seen this morning, when
on the surface of the water, and, though the ship passed within 50 yards of them,
a greyish black.
A iiock of
they paid no attention to it. Their colour seemed to be
birds (skuas) were seen by Mr Bruce and the captain in the afternoon, of a black colour
except belly and breast which were white, but they were too far off to distinguish

In the afternoon saw the coast of Brazil near Pernambuco.
Very few
clearly.
crustaceans observed in tow-net.

T

W.

Saw

a large turtle this afternoon off the coast
we tried to capture it, with no success.
whilst we were out in a boat kite-Hying
Two kinds of small fish seen in tow-net, a pearl-fish and a young pipe-fish.

Dec. 15th,

20' S. 34

38'

;

A

number

A

of porpoises seen in the evening.

Saw two boobies in morning whilst after kite.
Dec. 16th, 9 6' S. 34 38' W.
sucker fish, one inch long, observed in tow-net, also two species of gasteropods and

one young lamellibranch, but crustaceans are still comparatively scarce.
Saw
Dec. 17th, 11 28' S. 35 50' W. Flying-fish seen in considerable numbers.
a
Physalia before breakfast. Mr Bruce and Pirie saw a brownish speckly bird,
large

like a

young herring

gull.

Crustaceans

still

scarce in the plankton.

W.

Several flying-fish seen to-day.
was observed this evening of a black colour and the size of a thrush.
still scarce in the tow-net.

Dec. 18th, 13

Dec. 19th, 15

26' S. 36

45'

24' S. 37

12'

W.

Flying-fish

still

to

the fore.

A

coloured birds like noddies, and two white ones, were seen this morning.

A

small bird

Crustaceans

flock

of dark

After dinner

Mr Bruce caught a large Physalia, which was drawn and painted. Other specimens
were also seen.
We had a dredge out for the first time toDec. 20th, 18 IT'S. 37 55' W.
at 15.30 to

day

2
16 hours, in 36 fathoms coral bottom, 18

26' S. 37

58'

W.

;

138

fathoms of steel rope were paid out, and a pressure of about a quarter of a ton was

dynomometer. We steamed very slowly ahead, trailing the dredge
The following list shows the groups
the bottom for thirty- five minutes.

registered on the

along

represented in the contents
Foraminifera.

Alcyonaria
1

It is

arej]secured
2

:

Porifera

Pennatulidse

Hydroidea
"Corals"

of Antarctic cetaceans with any degree of accuracy until specimens

impossible to give the names
and a definite study of these undertaken.

This dredging was taken on the Abrolhos Bank.


ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA

4

Polychaeta
Crinoidea

Biyozoa

Ophiuroidea

Caprella

Decapoda

Mollusca

These animals were mostly attached to the two swabs fastened to the dredge.
dredge

itself

was

The

torn.

Several large specimens of Physalia were seen during the time the dredge was out,
one of which was caught.
Dec. 21st, 20 40' S. 38 20' W. Flying-fish and a large Physalia observed in the

morning.
Dec. 22nd, 22

42' S. 39

22'

W.

Flying-fish

and Physalia.

A

small dark bird

(the size of a sparrow) was seen flying over the bridge.

Gasteropods (l-2m.m. shell)
Sea very phosphorescent to-night.
Dec. 23rd, 24 42' S. 40 34' W. Largest shoal of flying-fish seen during the

One Halobates in tow-net to-day.
voyage passed after breakfast.
Dec. 2Uh, 26 35' S. 42 05' W.
A black petrel, a booby and two gulls seen by

abundant

in tow-net.

the captain.

Flying-fish

Dec. 25th, 28

still

27' S. 43

Copepods again abundant in tow-net.
Petrels, boobies and flying-fish seen after lunch.

plentiful.

45'

W.

Dirty grey yellowish threshers (fully 20 ft.) were seen jumping clean out of the water as
a large school of them passed by, travelling in a south-easterly direction.

Dec. 26th, 30 25' S. 45 45' W.
petrel with a white breast and belly, a brownish

A

black colour generally and a small white marking on the under and upper surface of
the wing, has been seen for the last two or three days.
Mr Bruce believes it to be of
the prion family.
Its dimensions approximate to those of Fulmar glacialis but its

wings appear to be sharper several were seen to-day. A small petrel was also
observed which may be Wilson's petrel.
Its plumage is mainly black but it has a
white belt right round the rump.
Apparently the captain also saw it yesterday.
:

1

Flying-fish observed this

morning and a booby was seen

after

dinner.

Copepods

plentiful in tow-net.

Dec. 27th, 32

47

15' S.

30'

W.

A

large

number

of

moths were observed during

No flying-fish
the day, and specimens of about three different species were caught.
have been seen to-day by anyone on board. A Velella was caught and a fine specimen
2

of

Doliolum was

caught but

its

Prion petrel and Wilson's petrel also seen.
3
accompanying fish was not captured.
seen.

A

A

Physalia

About
morning.
2.30 P.M. a long band of brownish scum was observed floating on the surface of the
water. 4
The position of this band was 34 02' S. 49 07' W. A boat put off to collect
Dec. 28th, 33

50' S. 48

44'

W.

thresher

was

seen

this

samples of this scum and to shoot birds (prion petrels) which were hovering around
us.
Several animals were discovered amongst this floating mass and fine specimens of
1

Oceanites oceanicus.

2

We were at
These moths were blown from the land by an offshore breeze.
3
A species of small fish generally accompanies the

the time 80 to 90 miles off the Brazilian coast.
*

Physalia.

Trichodesmium erythraeum.


SCOT.

NAT. ANT. Exp.

(Vol.

Zoological

iv.,

Log

Part

PLATE IV.

i.).

of Scottish National

Antarctic Expedition.

(I'll

7.

Large Sunfish (Oi-thayoriscus mola) in Scottish Oceanographk-al Laboratory, captured

lat.

3:i

oto by T. C.

01' S., long.

[Photo by T.
S.

Sucking-fish (Echfneit) taken alive inside the mouth of the Suntish. (! natural size.)
(A) Dorsal Aspect, showing Sock on Top of Head. (/>') Ventral Aspect.

Day.

53* 40' \V.

C.

Day.