THE ZOOLOGY OF THE VOYAGE OF H-M-S BEAGLE, FISHES, DARWIN

Ky u

THE

ZOOLOGY
OF

THE VOYAGE OF

H.M.S.

BEAGLE,

UNDER THE COMMAND OF CAPTAIN FITZROY,

R.N.

DURING THE YEARS
1832 TO 1836.
PUBLISHED WITH THE APPROVAL OF
THE LORDS COMMISSIONERS OF HER MAJESTY'S TREASURY.
lEUttcB

anB S>upeiintcnUeB

CHARLES DARWIN, ESQ.

ii?

M.A. F.R.S.

F.G.S., Etc.

NATURALIST TO THE EXPEDITION.

PART

IV.

FISH,
BY

THE REV. LEONARD JENYNS,

M.A., F.L.S., &c.

LONDON:
PUBLISHED BY SMITH, ELDER, AND
MDCCCXLII.

CO.

65,

CORNHILL.


LONDON
PRINTED BY STEWART AND MURRAV,
OLD BAIL£T.

FISH,
lifsirn'bfli

THE REV. LEONARD JENYNS,

bv

M.A., F.L.S., F.G.S., F.Z.S.

FELLOW OF THE CAMBRIDGE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY; HONORARY MEMBER OF THE ROYAL
ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF IRELAND, AND OF THE BOSTON
SOCIETY OP NATURAL HISTORY.

ILLUSTRATED BY NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS.



INTRODUCTION.

The number

of species of Fish described or noticed in the following Part of the

Zoology of the Beagle, amount

to 137.

It is right to

observe that, judging from

Mr. Darwin's manuscript notes, relating to what he obtained in this department,
this is probably not more than half the entire number which he collected.
Unfortunately a large portion of the valuable collection sent home by him arrived
in

country in too bad

this

condition for examination,

and was necessarily

rejected.

by Mr. Darwin, and at every one of which more or fewer
species of fish were obtained, were the Cape Verde Islands,— the coast of
Brazil, including the mouth of the Plata, together with several inland rivers and
streams in that district,— the coasts of Patagonia, and the Santa Cruz river,
Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands,— the Archipelago of Chiloe,— the

The

localities visited

—

—

Peru,— the Galapagos Archipelago, Tahiti, New Zealand,
King George's Sound in Australia, and, lastly, the Keeling Islands in the
Indian Ocean. The great bulk of the species, however, are from the coasts, east

coasts of Chile and

—

and west, of South America.

The particular locality assigned to each species respectively in the following
work may be relied upon as correct pains having been taken by Mr. Darwin to
affix a small ticket of tin, with a number stamped upon it, to each specimen, and
to enter a note immediately in the manuscript catalogue, having the same number
;

attached.

on the

In only three or four instances these tickets were found wanting,

arrival of the collection in this country.

A

considerable portion of the species examined and described are new
to science, especially of those collected in South America, and the adjoining
Islands and Archipelagos.

at least,

constituting

apparently seven

new

The new ones

are supposed to

more than half the entire number
genera.

;

amount to seventy-five
and amongst these are


INTRODUCTION.

VI

be interesting to state more particularly from what localities the new
species principally come, and what proportion they bear to the entire number
brought from each of those localities. Thus from Brazil about, half are considered
It

new

;

may

— from

Patagonia a<

least

half;

— fromTierra del Fuego, the Falkland Islands,

without exception and nearly all
and the Galapagos Archipelago,
Of the species brought from
from Chiloe, and the coasts of Chile and Peru.
This
Tahiti, New Holland, and the Indian Ocean, not above one-fourth are new.
might have been anticipated from the better knowledge which we have of the
Ichthyology of that quarter of the globe, than of South America.
It is much to be regretted that the portion of the collection which has been
lost to science, was obtained in localities most abounding in novelties, judging
from that portion of it which has been saved. Thus, not above five or six species
will be found noticed in the following work, from Tierra del Fuego, where Mr.
Darwin took especial pains to collect all he could, and, judging from his manuscript catalogue, he must probably have obtained between thirty and forty.
all are neic,

From

;

the Falkland Islands again, there have been only saved two out of fifteen

or sixteen,

— from

the coasts of Chile

and Peru, not half the entire number

obtained, and not above half from the coasts of Patagonia.

There is also described not above half the species brought from King
George's Sound, and the Keeling Islands but as the Indian and Australian
species, or at least the former, have been more frequently brought to Europe than
the South American, they are less to be regretted than these last.
It is fortunate that the ivhole of the species obtained by Mr. Darwin in the
Galapagos Archipelago, amounting to fifteen, have been preserved, and are
;

described in the following pages.
It

may now be

useful to mention, to

what groups principally

—

first,

the entire

number of described species belong, and, secondly, that portion of them which
are considered new.
Both these points will be best judged of from the following
table, in

which the whole collection

is

parcelled out according to the families.

ACANTHOPTERYGII.
Percid*:.

Entire No. of species 18 whereof

MULLID^

3

Triglid^

3

.

.

CoTTIDiE

2

.

.

4

.

.

10

.

.

ScoRP^NiDa;

.

.

.

Sci^ENIDffi

.

Sparid*:

1

M;enid,e

2

CH^TODONTIDa;

.

.

.

.

.

new

11

.1

.2
.2
.5
.1

.2
45

22

Brought


INTRODUCTION.
MALACOPTERYGII.
SiLURiDiE.

Entire No. of species

3 whereof

CvPRINIDiE

7

EsociD^
Salmonid^
Clupeid*

1

PLEDRONECTlDa;

.

.

•

.

.

.

8

.

.

5

.

.

.

.

6

new

2

.6
.7
.5
.1

[probably more.]

30

21

Brought up

VU


INTRODUCTION.

Till

they amount to five-sixths of the whole.
all the species are apparently new.

The

Clupeidce are an exception, in

which

All the species described, belonging to the three families above mentioned, in

which there are so many new, viz. the Siluridcs, the Cyprinidce, and Salmonidce,
are from South America, and the Falkland Islands, excepting one from New
Zealand.

Of the remaining
presumed
in

river,

be new. One of these is a species of Perca, from the Santa Cruz
South Patagonia the second is a species of Dules, from the river
to

;

Matavai, in Tahiti

;

however, this last

The

fresh-water fishes in the collection, three out of five are

entire

and the entire

is

the third a species of Atherma, from Valparaiso.

Perhaps,

not strictly an inland species.

number of fresh-water species in the
number of new ones amongst these

proportion of these latter

collection is twenty-three,

eighteen.

is

The

large

a circumstance in confirmation of a remark which

is

Cuvier has somewhere made, that the fresh-water fishes of foreign countries are

much

less

known and understood than

those found on the coasts.

It

may

serve

also as a hint to future travellers.

The seven new genera

in the collection

the Galapagos Archipelago;

— one

three to the Slennidce, whereof one

to
is

belong

— one to

the Scicenidce, from

the Scombrido', from North Patagonia;

from the Archipelago of Chiloe, the second

from the Falkland Islands, and the third from

New

Zealand

;

—one

to the Ci/-

embracing three species, from South Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego, and
New Zealand and, lastly, one to the SalmonidcB, embracing two species from the
Falkland Islands and Tierra del Fuego respectively.
It has been already mentioned, that all the species obtained by Mr. Darwin

prinidcB,

;

Galapagos Archipelago have been preserved. As they are likewise all
new, and those islands appear to have been scarcely visited by any naturalist
previously, it may be interesting to enumerate the several genera to which they
in the

number of species

belong, and the
Serranus

in

each genus respectively.

Fam. PERCIDiE.

3 species.

Prionotus

....

1

TRIGLIDiE.

SconpaiNA

....

1

SCORP^NIDiE.

Prionodes N.G.

1

Pristipoma ....

1

Latilus

1

Chrysophrys

..

GOBIUS

COSSYPHUS
GOBIESOX

MUR«NA
Tetrodon

....
....

I

SCI^NID^E.

1

SPARID.*:.

1

GOBIDiE.

I

CYCLOPTERID.B.

1

ANGUILLID^.

15

ACANTHOPTERYGII.

LABRID^.

1

.... 2

>

TETRODONTIDjE.

MALACOPTERYGII.

PLECTOGNATHI,


INTRODUCTION.

IX

In making the foregoing estimates, as regards the number of new species
brought home by Mr. Darwin, I have been guided ahnost entirely by my own

The

judgment.

however, of ascertaining, in a miscellaneous collection

difficulty,

what are really new to science, is
much increased, where an author is situate apart
which he might have recourse for comparison.

of this nature, brought from various

very great

and

;

this difficulty is

from large public museums

some of those described as new

Possibly, therefore,

not be so in reality
is

known

;

in the following

work,

may

and, in one instance, as mentioned in the Appendix, this

My

be the case.

to

to

localities,

excuse, however, must rest upon what has been

hoped that caution has been generally shown, at least in regard
and, in several such cases, in
to specimens not in a good state of preservation
practicable,
though they could not be

description
was
hardly
which an accurate
referred to any known species,
they are not positively declared new, nor any
names imposed upon them whatever.
I have, of course, consulted throughout the invaluable volumes of Cuvier
and Valenciennes, so far as they have yet advanced in the subject and in them
it will be found that a few species, brought by Mr. Darwin from South America,
and still but little known, had nevertheless been previously obtained from the
same country by M. Gay. The zoological atlasses of the three great French

just stated.

It is

;

—

—

;

voyages by Freycinet, Duperrey and D'Urville have been also carefully looked
through and, in regard particularly to the fish of South America, the works of
Humboldt, Spix and Agassiz, and the more recent one, now in course of pub;

by M. D'Orbigny.

lication,

There

is

an equal

difficulty felt

by every

distinguishing species from varieties.

And

much removed from

peculiar element, and so

naturalist at the present day, in

in the case of Fish, residing in

our observation,

a

— we are almost at a

know, at present, to what extent their characters may be modified by
local and accidental causes, or how far we may trust a difierent geographical
position for giving permanence and value to a slight modification of form
Still less easy is
different from what occurs in the species of our own seas.
instances in which it
it to determine the true importance of characters, in
is only permitted to see a single specimen of the kind, or, at most, very few

loss to

individuals.

Many mistakes,

therefore, are liable to occur, in a

from the above sources.

manent confusion
doubt
fail

is

will

to

prevent their

this nature, arising

creating any per-

in the science, is to describe all species of

entertained, in such detail,

of being recognized

They

The only way

work of

by any

which the least

and with such accuracy, that they may not

observer, to

whom

they

may

occur a second time.

not then continue to hold a false position in the system, as spurious

2


X

INTRODUCTION.

—

may not be species at all, but they
which
has been committed will be at once
mistake
be know?i ; and any
rectified,
any new name which has been wrongly imposed, immediately degraded
They may

species.

not be new, or they

will

—

to a

synonym.

and I have in some inwhich are certainly not new, but
which I did not find described by previous authors with all the detail that was
requisite for completely identifying them or, leaving out what they have noticed,
I have added such characters as they have omitted.
My main object has been
to render all the species, whether rightly named or not, easily recognizable
and,
however little the science may be advanced by what is brought forward, to make
Accordingly

I

have been careful in

this respect;

stances, given full descriptions, even of species

;

;

that advance, so far as

The method
will

it

goes, sure.

of description, and the

mode

of computing the fin-ray formula,

be found conformable to the plan adopted in the " Histoire des Poissons" of

Cuvier and Valenciennes

;

a work which, in so

many

respects,

must always

serve as a model to labourers in this department of zoology.

The colours, in the great majority of instances, were, fortunately, noticed by

Mr. Darwin in the recent state. The nomenclature employed by him for the
purpose is that of Patrick Syme and he informs me, that a comparison was
always made with the book in hand, previous to the exact colour in any case
;

being noted.

Darwin,

I

Where

have observed any markings

I

have added them myself; and,

in

left

most instances,

unnoticed by Mr.
I

have given the

general disposition of the colours as they appear in spirits, from the circumstance

much

by the liquor, and liable to mislead those,
who have only the opportunity of seeing them in preserved specimens. This is
what Cuvier and Valenciennes have frequently done in their Avork and from
them I have borrowed the practice.
In a work of this nature, it has not been thought desirable to enter into any
discussion of the principles of scientific arrangement, or to effect any change in
systems already received its main object being the description of species. For
of their being often so

altered

;

;

have taken the groups almost exactly as they stand in the " Histoire
des Poissons" of Cuvier and Valenciennes, or in the " Regne Animal" of the
this reason, I

former

:

yet there

is

reason to believe that

many

parts of their system will be

found hereafter to require some modification, especially in regard to families and
genera which have for their distinctive character the presence or absence of
vomerine or palatine teeth. The small value which is to be attached to such
character

is

dwelt upon.

pointed out in some instances in the following work, and

much


INTRODUCTION.

XI

may be stated, that the whole of the species in the collection of fish brought home by Mr. Darwin, described in the following pages,
have been deposited by him in the Museum of the Philosophical Society of
In conclusion,

Cambridge.

They

of preservation;

it

are mostly in spirit, and, generally speaking, in a good state

some few, however, are

in the state of skins only,

and have

been mounted.
L.
Swuffham Bulbeck,
Jan.

8,

1842.

JENYNS.



SYSTEMATIC TABLE OF SPECIES,
WITH THEIR RESPECTIVE HABITATS.

ACANTHOPTERYGII.
SCORPiENID.E.

PERCID.E.
Perca

Isevis,

South Patagonia.

Jen

Serranus albo-maculatus, Jen.
•

Sebastes oculata, Val. ?

Agriopus hispidus, Jen

Archipelago of Chiloe.

Apistus

King George's Sound.

.

Cape Verde

aspersus, Je7i.

.

Ditto.

labriformis, Jen.

.

Galapagos.

olfax, Jen.

.

Ditto.

.

.

Islands.

North Patagonia,

Diacope marginata, Cuv.

.

Keeling Islands.

Arripis Georgianus

.

King George's Sound.

.

Leuciscus,

et

Jmu

Helotes octolineatus,
Aphritis undulatus,

.

./en.

.

et Val.

Coast of Peru.

arenata, Cuv.

et

Val.

.

ophicephala, Jen.

.

.

King George's Sound.

Pristipoma cantharinum, Jen.

Archipelago of Chiloe.

Latilus jugularis, Val

.

.

.

.

.

North Patagonia.
Coquimbo.
Galapagos.
Ditto.

Valparaiso.

princeps, Jeti

Galapagos.

Heliases Crusma, Val

Valparaiso.

Central Patagonia.

North Patagonia.

Maldonado.

Maldonado.

Corvina adusta, Agass

Prionodes fasciatus, Jen.

Pinguipes fasciatus, Jen.

.

Jen

Tahiti.

.

Chilensis, Val.

analis,

.

./en.

porosus, Jen.

Otolithus Guatucupa, Cuv.

Maldonado.

Val.

.

.

?

Umbrina

Aplodactylus punctatus, Val.

Dules Auriga, Cuv.

.

SCIiENID.E.

Plectropoma Patachonica, Jen.

.

Valparaiso.

Galapagos Archipelago.

Goreensis, Vol. ?
.

Galapagos.

Scorpaena Histrio, Jen

Valparaiso.

.

SVARWM.

North Patagonia.

Percophis Brasilianus, Cuv.

Chrysophrys taurina,

Jeti.

.

.

.

Galapagos.

.

.

Rio de Janeiro.

.

.

Keeling Islands.

MULLID^.

Upeneus flavo-lineatus, Chc. p/
trifasciatus, Cuv.

Prayensis, Cuv,

Trigla

Kumu,

Less,

et

.

Fa/.
.

.

Val. ?

et

Keeling Islands.

Cape Verde

TRIGLID^.
Gam.

New
.

Prionotus punctatus, Cuv.

.

.

.

.

Miles, Jen

Gerres Gula, Cuv.

Tahiti.
Islands.

et

Oyena, Cuv.

Val. ?

et

Val. ?

CH^TODONTID^.
Zealand.

Rio de Janeiro.

Chsetodon

setifer,

Keeling Islands.

Bl

Stegastes imbricatus, Jen.

.

.

.

Cape Verde

Islands.

Galapagos.

SCOMBRID.?;.
Paropsis signata, Jen

COTTIDiE.
Aspidophorus Chiloensis, Jen.
Platycephalus inops, Jen.

.

.

.

.

Chiloe.

King George's Sound.

Caranx

declivis,

torvus,

Jen

Jen

North Patagonia.

King George's Sound.
Tahiti.

b

5378^


TABLE OF SPECIES.

XIV

SCOWBmDM—conlmued.
Caranx Georgianus, Cuv.
Psenes

Salarias quadricornis, Cuv.

vomerinus, Cuv.

Keeling Islands.

Quay et Gaim.

Seriolabipinnulata,

'BhY.'^ViUiM— continued.

King George's Sound.

Fal.

el

South Atlantic Ocean.

?

Clinus crinitus, Jen.

.

.

Cape Verde

TEUTHYDID^.

New
New

.

Phucocoites latitans,

./«/.

Zealand.

Zealand.

Archipelago of Chiloe.

Iluocoetes fimbriatus, Jen.

Keeling Islands.

Islands.

Coquimbo.

,

Tripterygion Capito, Jen.

luimeralis, Cuv.et Val.

Val.? Keeling Islands

Val. ?

Acanthoclinus fuscus, Jen.

Stromateus maculatus, Cuv. et Val. ? Chiloe.

Acanthurus triostegus, Bl. Schn.

el

et

Falkland Islands.

,

Tahiti.

GOBID.!E.

ATHERINID^.

Gobius lineatus,

Atherina argentinensis, Ciw. el Val. ? Maldonado.
microlepidota, Jen.

.

Gobius ophicephalus, Jen.

Valparaiso.

.

Galapagos.

Je/i

Eleotris Gobioides, Val.

.

.

.

.

.

Archipelago of Chiloe.

New

Zealand.

North Patagonia.

incisa, .Ten

LOPHID.^.

MUGILID^.
Mugil Liza, Cuv.

Val. ?

el

.

Batrachus porosissimus, Cuv.

.

.

North Patagonia.

.

.

King George's Sound.

LABRID.E.

Keeling Islands.

?

Dajaus Diemensis, Richards.

BLENNID.^.
Blennius palmicomis, Cuv.
Blennechis fasciatus,

.Jen.

ornatus, Jen.

et

Val.

Cape Verde

.

Concepcion.

.

.

.

.

Salarias atlanticus, Cuv. et Val.

Islands.

Cossyphus Darwini, Jen.

Cape Verde

.

.

Galapagos.

.

Cheilio ramosus,

,/e7i

Japan?

Chromis

Jen

Maldonado.

facetus,

Scarus chlorodon, Jen
globiceps, Cuv.

Coquimbo.

.

.

Val.? Bahia Blanca.

et

lepidus,

Keeling Islands.
Val.

et

Tahiti.

.

.

Jen

Islands.

Tahiti.

Keeling Islands.

?

MALACOPTERYGIL
iklMO^UiS.— continued.

SILURID.E.
Piraelodus gracilis, Fa/..?

exsudans, Jen.

.

.

.

Rio de Janeiro.

Ilydrocyon Hepsetus, Cuv.

.

.

.

Ditto.?

Aplochiton Zebra, Jen.

Callichthys paleatus, Jen.

Jen.

tffiniatus,

CYPRINID^.
Poecilia unimaculata, Val.
•

.

decem-maculata, Jen.

Lebias lineata,

.

r multidentala, Jen
Jeii.

Rio de Janeiro.

.

Maldonado.

arcuata,

Ditto.

sagax, Jen

Clupea Fuegensis,

.

.

Tierra del Fuego.

Bahia Blanca.

Jen

Lima.

North Patagonia.

.

.

Monte Video.

Alosa

.

.

.

South Patagonia.

Engraulis ringens, Jen.

pectiiiata,

Tierra del Fuego.

.Jen

.

Jen
.

.

.

Coast of Peru.

Tierra del Fuego.

Jen

attenuatus,

Falkland Islands.

.

.

CLUPEID^.

.

Je7i

Mesites maculatus,
alpinus,

.

.

Maldonado.

.

.

.

PLEURONECTIDiE.

New Zealand.

Jen

Platessa Orbignyana, Fn/..'

ESOCID^
Exoccetus exsiliens, Bl ?

.

.

?

Pacific Ocean.

.

SALMONID^.
T^en.

rutilus, ^£7!.

.

.

RioParana, S.America.

.

Ditto.

scabripinnis, Jen^

Rio de Janeiro.

ta^niatus, Jen.

Ditto.

interruptus, Jen.

.

Maldonado.

.

Hippoglossus Kingii, Jen.

Rhombus
Tetragonopterus Abramis,

.

.

Bahia Blanca.

.

King George's Sound.

.

.

Valparaiso.

Bahia Blanca.

?

Achirus lineatus, Z)'0r6.
Plagusia

.

.

.

.

.

Coast of Brazil.
Coast of Patagonia.

?

CYCLOPTERID^.
Gobiesox marmoratus, yen.

.

poecilophthalmos, Jen,

.

Archipelago of Childe.
Galapagos.


XV

TABLE OF SPECIES.
.\:^G\i\lAAT)I&— continued.

ECHENEIDID^.
Echeneis Remora, Limi.

.

Atlantic Ocean.

.

.

Murajna

lentiginosa, Jen.

Jgasg.

ocellata,

ANGUILLID.E.
Anguilla aastralis, Richards.

New

•

.

Conger punctus, Jen

Zealand.

.

.

.

.

.

.

Galapagos.

Rio de Janeiro.

?

Cape Verde

?

Tahiti.

Islands.

Tierra del Fiiego.

LOPHOBRANCHII.
SYNGNATHIDxE.
Syngnathus

acicularis,

Jm.

.

conspicillatus, Jen.

—

—

crinitus, ./en.

.

.

.

Valparaiso.

.

Tahiti.

.

Bahia Blanca.

PLECTOGNATHI,
TETRODONTID^.
Diodon nycthemerus, Cuv.
rivulatus, Cuv

.

—

antennatus, Cuv. ?

BALISTIDiE.

.

Maldonado.
.

.

.

Bahia Blanca.

implutus, Jen.
annulatus, Jen.
angusticeps, Jeii.

Tahiti.

Aleuteres maculosus, Richards.

Tetrodon aerostaticus, Jen.
.

South Atlantic Ocean.

5^
aculeatus, Bl

Balistes Vetula,

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

Keeling Islands.

velutinus,

./(!?!

Galapagos.
Ditto.

CYCLOSTOMI.
PETBOMYZONID.E.
Mvxine

.

Ostracion punctatus, Schn.

australis, -/en

Tierra del Fuego.

.

.

•

.

King George's Sound.
Ditto.

.

Tahiti.


LIST OF PLATES.

Plate

Perca

I.

Plate

laevis.

Serranus albo-maculatus.

II.

labriformis.

III.

IV.

olfax.

V.

Pinguipes fasciatus.

VI.

Prionotus Miles.
AspidophorusChiloensis. Twice Nat.

rFig.i.

size.

—
—
—
—2
—2

I

a.

I b.

VII.

<

Ditto.
Ditto.

Nat.

size.

Dorsal view.

Ditto. Side view.

Agriopus hispidus. Twice Nat.

2.

Ditto.

N'at. size.

6.

Ditto.

Portion of the hispid cuticle

magnified.

VIII.

Scorpsena Histrio.

Prionodes fasciatus.
Stegastes imbricatus.

Pristipoma cantharinum.

X.
XI.

Latilus princeps.

Chrysophrys taurina.

XII.
XIII.

Paropsis signata.

XIV.

Caranx

XV.

Atherina microlepidota.

j.Fig.1.

XVI.

declivis.

torvus.

—
—

1 a.

^ Ditto.
1

Magnified

scales.

6.

2

Atherina incisa.

la.

Ditto.

Magnified

(.-2 b.

Ditto.

Ttvice

rFig.i.

Blennechis fasciatus.

I

XVII. <;

a.

2

I

I.

—

Ditto.

Nat.

Nat.

size.

Teeth magnified.

Salarias vomerinus.

3.

Clinus crinitus.
Acantlioclinus fuscus.

Tripterygion Capito.

(-Fig. 1.

XIX.

XX.
XXI.

<;

Gobius lineatus.

2.

2

a.

Ditto.

Dorsal riew.

1-3.

Gobius ophicephalus.

I

Ditto.

— 3a.

size.

scale.

Blennechis ornatus.

XVIII. j^'s*-

—
—

size.

a.

Dorsal view.

Cossyphus Darwini.
Scarus chlorodon.

fFig.



-N

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I

I

FISH.

ACANTHOPTERYGII.
Family—PERCID^.
Perca

LjEVIs.

Plate

P.

nigvicanti-fnsco imclique punctata

;

Jen.

I.

vertice, fronte, rostro -usque

orhitalium parte posteriori, squamatis ;

ad

nares, et infra-

squamis, in capite ciliatis scabris, in corpore

sublc^vibus.

B. 7; D. 9—1/11; A. 3/9; C. 17; P. 15; V.

Long. unc.
Form.

— Much

11

;

lin. 5.

more elongated than the common Perch, with

beneath the commencement of the

first

tlie

back

at

an angle of about 45°

with the slope of the

:

Profile falling gently from the

nape the dorsal

at the

profile,

but

it

is

A

laries

when

band of velutine teeth

in

nape

;

depth.

Head not

is

quite

in nearly a straight line

to interrupt its continuity

line rises so as

fins.

The

closed, the upper one appears somewhat the

Maxil-

each jaw, as well as on the vomer and palatines.

at rest nearly concealed beneath the suborbital bones

margin distinctly denticulated

Depth,

elevated.

nearly horizontal along the base of the dorsal

jaws are nearly equal, but when the mouth
longer.

less

dorsal, not quite equalling one-fifth of the entire length.

Thickness, in the region of the pectorals, about two-thirds of the
one-fourth of the entire length.

1/5.

:

these last with their lower

their surface presenting several small hollows.

Eyes rather

above the middle of the cheeks, and about equi-distant from the extremity of the snout and the
the distheir diameter is one-sixth of the length of the head

posterior margin of the preopercle

;

;

tance from one to the other equals one diameter and a
the eyes

;

the

first orifice oval,

the second round.

B

half.

Nostrils double, a

little in

advance of

Preopercle rectangular, with the angle rounded

;

ZOOLOGY OF THE VOYAGE OF THE BEAGLE.

2

the ascending margin finely denticulated, the teeth almost disappearing at the top
the angle the teeth

become stronger and point downwards

scattered along the basal margin, inclining here a

little

towards

;

they are also stronger and more

;

Opercle with two

forwards.

sharp

flat

below the upper angle, the other about the middle and terminating the

points,

one a

cover.

Both the subopercle and interopercle have their margins obscurely denticulated

little

margin of the former

rather sinuous, and passes obliquely forwards and

is

continuous curve with that of the

line of the nostrils, posterior half

the connecting

of the
are in

downwards

of the suborbitals, cheeks, and

most instances

ciliated with a varying

number of

and

denticles,

feel

rough

the

far as

the pieces

all

which

cover, excepting the lower limb of the preopercle, covered with small scales,

cill

gill

form a

to

Crown, forehead, upper part of the snout as

latter.

:

touch

to the

:

the extremity of the snout, anterior portion of the suborbitals, niaxillaries, and lower jaw are

naked.

posed

in

Above each orbit is a small semi- circular granulated plate, with the granulations disThe suprascapulars terminate in an obtuse projecting point. The humeral
stritK.

bone forms a large osseous triangular plate above the pectorals, the salient angle terminating
Course of the lateral line a little above one-third of the depth till it
in three small teeth.

arrives

beneath the second dorsal, where

it

bends down to half the depth.

Scales on the body

which are

larger than those on the head, of an oblong form, rounded at their free edges,

scarcely at

and

ciliated,

all

for the

most

smooth

part quite

tion not wider than the free, with a fan of fourteen strise
striated.

The

first

dorsal

humeral

plate,

and

is

commences a

little

beyond a

;

the

first

than the third

;

is

last,

which

third

;

which

decreasing to the

last,

spines, the first of

which

is

of the same length as the

is

is

and fourth

brane from the third, which

is

;

the

;

and the

last ray is

double in

a space equalling one-fifth of the entire length.

is

twice tie length of the spine which precedes

Colour.

— In

spirits this fish

:

little

spines
shorter

rest of the spines

;

The second

which

dorsal

last is simple,

Anal preceded by three

first

and second separated by a wide mem;

these last longer than those

The anal and second dorsal terminate in
both fins.

Between them and the caudal

The caudal

is

slightly notched.

torals are rather pointed, their length equalling two-thirds that of the head.

and of about the same length

very

longer and very stout; third of about the

closely united to the first soft ray

of the second dorsal, but in other respects similar.

diately beneath them,

finely

the succeeding ones slowly

;

rather more than half the longest.

much

first.

first soft ray,

soft rays longest

very short; second

same length as the second, but much slenderer

vertical line

more

fiom the termination of the

more than half the depth

slender spine, not half the length of the

the others being branched

is

vertical line

exactly one-third of the entire length

this last longest, equalling rather

commences with a

same

the rest of their surface

scarcely more than one- third the length of the second, which

gradually decreasing to the

the

;

their concealed por-

almost continuous with the second, being only separated by a deep notch;

the space occupied by the two dorsals together

strong

;

to the touch

;

the

first soft

The pec-

Ventrals imme-

ray longest, and more than

it.

appears yellowish brown, deepening on the back but becoming paler

on the belly, and covered

all

over with small dusky spots, one occupying the base of each

scale.

Habitat, Santa Cruz River, Patagonia.



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