THE NATURAL HISTORY OF BRITISH INSECTS VOL 01, DONOVAN

The

NATURAL HISTORY
01?

BRITISH INSECTS;
EXPLAINING THEM
IN

THEIR SEVERAL STATES,

WITH THEPERIODS OF THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS.
THEIR FOOD, (ECONOMY, &c.
TOGETHER WITH THE

HISTORY OF SUCH MINUTE INSECTS
AS RECFUIRE INVESTIGATION BY TrfE MICROSCOPE.
THE WHOLE ILLUSTRATED BY

COLOURED-FIGURES,
DESIGNED AND EXECUTED FROM LIVING SPECIMENS;

By

E.

DONOVAN,

F.L.S. and W.S.

TEN VOLUMES-

IN
A

NEW

EDITION,

VOL.

I.

LONDON.PRINTED BY LAW AND GILBERT,

And

for F. C.

and

J.

ST.

JOHN'S SQUARE, CtERKENWE7.Li,

For the Author,
Rivington, N°6"2, St. Paul's Church Yai
MDCCCXIII,

i

A,

45

(a


T

II

E

NATURAL HISTORY

ITISH INSECTS


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SLIGHT SKETCH
OF THE

ANIMAL SYSTEM.
LlNNiEUS
Clafs

I.

II

.

III.

divided the Animal Syflem into

Mammalia.
Aves.

Lungs

Amphibia.

(Fifties)

V. Insecta.

Vermes.

I.

young.

arbitrary.

breath by

gills

not arbitrarily.

(Infe&s) two antennae.

No

head.

Infers therefore compofe the
divided into feven Orders.

Order

their

(Birds) covered with feathers.

IV. Pisces.
VI.

Suckle

fix claffes.

Coleoptera.

fifth

Wings

Clafs in the Syflem, and are

two, covered by two

fhells, di-

future.
vided by a longitudinal

II.

Hemiptera.
foft,

Shells or covers of the

wings fomewhat

other.
and incumbent on each

HI. Lepidoptera.

Wings

four, imbricated with

fcaleS '

B

,

IV.

minute

Neu.

4

[

IV.

]

Tail without fling.

with veins or nerves.

lated,

Wings

V. Hymenopteka.

tranfparentreticu.

four, naked,

Neuroptera. Wings

Membraneous.

four.

Taj

of the female armed with a fling.

Wings

VI. Diptera.
VII.

No

Aptera.

two.

wings.

Transformations of Insects.
of our readers are no doubt acquainted with the lingular
transformations Infefts undergo, but we truft thofe will pardon a

Many

digreffion

which may be ufeful

and without premifmg farther
in general

undergo

of their lives

;

to thofe

we

feeds,

is

their

there are fome, though few,

in four feveral Hates: the

produced

;

it is

at firft

form

which

Infefts

at flated periods

burfl forth from

&c. but the greater

that of the egg,

firft

not that knowledge;

proceed to inform them, that

change in

a material

the egg perfectly formed, as Spiders,

Caterpillar

who have

whence

part exift

the Larva, or

very minute, but in

this ftate

it

fome kinds on one or two plants only, others promifcuoufly on

many, they therefore continue

to increafe in fize,

moulting

feveral

times the outer fkin, until the deftined period of their dormant

approaches
fpecies,

;

they then fpin a

web more

or

lefs

and are converted into the aurelia, or chryfalis

they burft forth in

due feafon perfeclly formed.

form they propagate

a

ftate

flrong according to the

It

;

is

and

laftly

under

this

future race, and themfelves perifh, as they

rarely furvive the inclemencies of the winter.

The
neous

antient naturalifts held fuppofitions very imperfeft
relative to thofe transformations, but Malpigl-i

dam proved by many

and

erro-

and Swammer-

accurate examinations clearly,
that thofe changes

were not fuddenly effeaed, but gradual

;
and that under the form of
the Caterpillar they could diftinguifh the future
changes the Infeft

would undergo.

PLATE






*9

[

]

PLATE

XIL

CICINDELA CAMPESTRIS.
Sparkler.

GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae fetaceous.

many

Palpi

fix,

Eyes prominent.

teeth.

filiform

;

jaws prominent, with

Thorax roundifh, and margined.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Green

five

:

white fpots on the wing-cafes.

CiClNDELA CAMPESTRIS

:

viiidis,

elytris

Linn. En. SueC.l^Q.

— Gmel.

Thofe beautiful Infecls vary fomething

pun£Hs quinque
Sy/l.

albis.

Nat. 1920. Sp,

1.

in fize

and colour, the fpots

on the

elytra are generally white, but are often

found with fpots of

yellow

;

places.

they

fly

or run quick, are carnivorous, and live in dry fandy

In the fpring

whitifhworm, with

its

larva

fix legs

is

found, which refembles a long,

and a brown fcaly head;

it

foft,

perforates

the fand perpendicularly, and refts near the furface to enfnare fmaller
infedts.

It is

very

difficult,

if at all poffible,

ferve their metamorphofes

;

we have

to breed thofe infecls

tried

and ob-

various methods, but have

not yet been fo fortunate as to fucceed.

PLATE

h

[

3

PLATE

CCCLL

FIG.

I.

CICINDELA SYLVATICA,
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennas fetaceous.
fore the head.

Maxilla? or jaws advanced confiderably

be--

Thorax roundifh and margined.

Eyes prominent.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Black, a white waved band, and two dots of the fame colour on
the Wing-cafes.

\

Cicindela Sylvatica
duobus

:

nigra,

albis.

elytris

fafcia undata pun£tifque

Linn. Gmel. T.

I. p.

4. p.

1922,

fp.S.
Cicindela atra, coleopteris maculis fex albida fafciaque albis.
Suec.

Cicindela

1.

n.

549.

fupra nigra, fubtus viridis nitida, &c.
p.

114.

/.

Faun.

4./.

Degeer. Inf. 4,

7.

A. very fcarce Englifh Infeft,

F

I

G.


—
7o

PLATE
F

CCCLL

G.

I

CICINDELA

II.

A QJJ A T

I

C

A.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER,
Shining, bronzed, head ftriated.

Ocindela Aquatica
T.

i.

ClCINDELA Pusilla.
Bupreftis fufco-aeneus.

:

aznca nitida, capite flriato.
p. 4. p.

1925. /p. 14,

Linn.

aGmeL

Fn. Sv. 752.

Schreb. Inf, 6.

Geoff. Inf. p.

1. p.

157. n. 31,

«B»nEW5B»!3HW3!W!5Bi

Extremely

common

in

fome moid:

fituations.

PLATE





/


29

f

PLATE

]

CCCL

CICINDELA RIPARIA,
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Jaws advanced and armed with

Antennae fetaceous.
prominent.

Eyes

teeth.

Thorax roundifh and margined.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

STNONTMS.
Greenifh, bronzed, with

many

excavated round fpots on the wing-

cafes.

Cicindela RipaRIA

viridi-asnea,

:

Fn. Suec. 741.

elytris punclis latis excavatis.

Gmel. Linn.

Syft*.

T.

1. p. 4. p.

1925.

fp. 10.

Cicindela viridi-amea maculis

rotundis

excavatis

Degeer. Inf. 4. p. 117. n. 4.

We
fpot

found

this beautiful

fpecies in

/.

grifeo-viridibus.

4./. 9.

fome plenty

in a little

marfhy

behind the town of Newton, on the fea more of Glamorgan-

shire.

Gmelin

fays

it

is

found in wet places, and obferves that

its

colour often varies.
It is a

minute

infect,

and

is

reprefented magnified in the annexed

plate.

D

PLATE