THE NATURAL HISTORY OF BRITISH INSECTS VOL 13, DONOVAN

THE

NATURAL HISTORY
.

OF

BRITISH INSECTS;
EXPLAINING THEM
IN

THEIR SEVERAL STATES,

WITH THE PERIODS OF THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS,
THEIR FOOD, (ECONOMY, &c.
TOGETHER WITH THE

SUCH MINUTE INSECTS

JIISTORY OF

AS REQUIRE INVESTIGATION BY THE MICROSCOPE.
THE WHOLE ILLUSTRATED BY

COLOURED FIGURES,
DESIGNED AND EXECUTED FROM LIVING SPECIMENS.

By

E.

DONOVAN.
VOL.

XIII.

LONDON:
Printed for the Author,
And

for F. C.

and

J.

Rivington, N°

MDCCC

62, St, Paul's
VIII.

Church-Yard.


'

v.

/J

22


—

49

[

]

PLATE

XXII.

TIPULA PLUMOSA.
Plumose, or Sea Tipula.
DiPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.
Mouth with

a

very

membranaceous probofcis, the back

fhort

grooved and receiving a bridle
feelers

:

beak fhort and without

two, incurved, filiform and longer than the head

a fheath
:

:

antennae

.filiform in general.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.
f
a

Thorax greenifh

brown dot

:

:

wings white glofTed with

thorace virefcente,

:

».

31.

thorace virefcente,

Nut.

found

in the

Mant.
alis

Inf.

974.

month of April

quently been miflaken for the

'?;.

hyalinis

xii. 2. p.

in

common

alis

albis

Fair.

antennis plumofis.

is

and

antennae feathered.

Tipula Plumosa

Tipula

piifinatic hues,

324.

/>.

S/>.

:

Inf.

2.

fufco,

p. 406.

n. 37.

puncto nigro.
n.

pun&o

26.— Fn.

Linn.

Syfl.

Suec. 1?58»

marfhy places, and has

fre-

gnat.

P L AT E






*;:


[

27

]

PLATE

CCC.

TIPULA POMONA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Head lengthened

out.

'onger than the head.

Upper jaw arched.

Palpi two, curved,

Probofcis (hort, and bent inwards.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.
Shining black
anterior

margin

:

:

wings whitifh, with a central dark fpot in the

thighs ferruginous.

XiPULA Pomona:

glabra nigra alis lafteis

ribus ferrugineis.

We
Wood,

met with both fexes of

Fab. Ent.

this

:

Syjl.

punfto nigro, femo«
T. 4. p. 24>9.^. 74.

uncommon

Infecl in

Coombe

—The

fpecimen

Surrey, in the beginning of June, 1798.

Fabricius defcribed was taken in this country alfo,

May

13,

on a

fruit-tree.

PLATE







—
C

—

29

PLATE
FIG.

XLVHL
I.

JIPXJLA CROCATA,
DlPTERA.

Wings

two.

GENERIC CHARACTER,
Head

long.

Trunk

Palpi 4, curved.

very fhort,

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Black fpotted with yellow.

tack
inal

Legs tawny, with black

ring round the pofterior thighs.

brown

Wings

feet,

and a

tawny, with a mar-

fpot.
Syji.

Ent. 748.

5.

Linn.

Syjl.

Nat.

2.

971. 4.

Fn. Sv. 1739Geoff. Inf. 2. 553. 7. Tab. 19.

Degeer
Raj.

Inf. 6.

Fig.

1.

349. 10.

Inf. 72. 4.

Schaeff. Icon. Tab. 126. Fig. 4.
Scop.

cam. 845.

F

I

G,

—

PLATE

30

F

I

XLVIIL

G.

II.

TIPULA RIVOSA,
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Brown-grey.

Eyes black.

the body, with three
bifid.

Antennae feathered.

Wings

brown

larger

Tail of the

patches near the margin.

than

female

Length one inch.
Ent. 748.

Syji.

2.

Nat.

2.

Tab. 19. Fig,

1,

Linn.

Syjl.

971. ts

Fn» Sv. 1738.
Geoff. Inf. 2. 554. 2.

Degeer.
Raj.

Inf. 6.

341.

2.

Inf. 72. 2.

Scop, earn, 846.

Acla Holm. 1739. Tab.

Suh,

The Genus

Inf.

9. Fig. 8.

Tab. 20. Fig. 128.

Tipula, comprifes an extenfive family of the Dipterdus

Order, or of fuch Infefts as are furnifhed with two
Jargeft Species are Tip. Rivofa, Crocata,
Lunata,

mon

is

T. Oleracea, generally

Legs, Old Father, &c.
harmlefs and inoffenfive

It
;

is,

known by
as

Wings

only.

Our

&c. the moft com-

the trivial appellations,

Loi

are alfo the other Species, perfedly

yet their Angular form, and

more

particularly

the extraordinary difproportion of
their legs, operates frequently
their difadvantage with the ignorant,
who readily fuppofe they have
avoid, the fecreted fting, of whatever

appears aukward or

Our

fmaller Species are infinitely

them

to
to

uncommon.

more numerous, and many

of

are not defcribed, being fo very
minute as to remain unnoticed.
The TipulaPlum.fi, Plate xxn, differs materially
in its general appearance from the larger kinds,

6

Wc




P

We

lofs

its

amputation, though

The

motions, but

it

[Aranea Diadema],

engage them by force, but

was

attracted

web.

fly after

its

at firft

added to

this rather

legs

its

fufFermg a

time

legs in the fnarc

endeavoured to

It is very

common

its

dis-

calamity, and a third

by the glutinous matter on the threads ; the

approached, and the creature accelerated
in the

cannot

it

will then live a considerable

Tipula Riyofa being entangled by two of

of a large fpider

leg

31

of one or two of thofe members do not materially

retard the brifknefs of
total

XLVIII.

afpecimenof the larger kinds of Tipula with the

rarely find

complete; the

LATE

efcape by leaving

fpider

its

legs

to obferve the broken limbs of the

Jipulte in the fnares of this fpecies of fpider.

The
are

Larvse of

many

Tipulae,

more

efpecially the very

minute

forts,

found in {landing water, but the larger, generally feed on the roots

of grafs, and

may

The Tipula

Rivofa

be found by turning up the light furface of the earth.

June and July; the

is

taken in

May

and June, the Tipula Crocata in

latter is obferyed in the

flower-garden or orchard.

PLATE