CATALOGUE OF SHIELD REPTILES IN THE COLLECTION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM, PART I TESTUDINATA (TORTOISES
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'^i
CATALOGUE
OF
SHIELD REPTILES
IX
THE COLLECTION
OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM.
PART
TESTUDINATA
I.
(TOETOISES).
BY
JOHK EDWARD GRAY,
F.R.S. &c.
LONDON:
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.
1855.
L-&T3^
lKi/&^^S/
PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
INTRODUCTION.
The
chief object in preparing the present Catalogue
complete account of
British
Museum, and
has lieen to give at one
the species of the Shielded Reptiles {Cataphracta)
all
of those species
present desiderata in the
Museum,
known
to exist in other Cabinets, but
to enable travellers, collectors
xiev,-
no^x' in
the
which are
and others to
a
at
assist in
completing the national collection.
An
indication of the separate locality of each specimen
is
given
;
its
sex and state are
also noticed.
The
figures of the
new
stone by Mr. Ford, so well
species contained in the
known
for the
Museum
Collection have loeen
drawn on
beauty and accuracy of his pencil.
JOHN EDWARD GRAY.
British Miisevm, December
1,
ISoii.
4i
CATALOGUE
OF
SHIELD REPTILES,
Sect. II.
SHIELDED REPTILES (CATA-
they are surrounded by a series of bones forming the
edge of the shields the lower shield or sternum is formed
of four pair and a central anterior bone.
The jaws are
tion
;
:
PHRACTA).
Body covered with square imbedded plates, generally
The bones of the
forming a dorsal and ventral shield.
hard mass, and including
skull thick, united together into a
The tongue
the quadrate bones and pterygoid processes.
to
the
exsertible.
The
affixed
is short,
mouth, scarcely
lungs are enveloped by a thick peritoneum, which performs
The
the part and has the appearance of a diaphragm.
vent
is
round or
linear, plaited.
The male organ and
va-
gina are simple, the former having only a groove along its
the egg covered with a hard
upper edge. Oviparous
:
shell
slit,
:
the young,
when hatched, having
a large umbilical
which soon disappears.
Reptilia Cataphracta (Shielded
Reptiles), Grai/, Syn.
Arm. Nat. Hist.
Rept. 2 (1831)
Tort. B.M. (1844).
;
Reptilia Loricata
et
SqCamata
i.
275 (1838)
;
(part.). Gray,
Cat.
Ann.
Phil. (182.5).
Order III.
The body
CHELONIA
(TORTOISES).
enclosed in a case, formed of two
:
the upper shield or thorax formed of the ribs more or less
dilated on the sides, united together and adherent to the
dorsal vertebrae
:
the upper
bill
vent
is
The
by a toothed suture, preventing any mo-
bill,
rarely hid
by fleshy
Eyes
The drum
of the ear visible, nearly
Tail conical.
The
legs short, thick.
with distinct eyelids.
superficial.
horny
covers the lower Uke a box.
a circular hole.
Chelonia
(1835)
;
Tortues
(Chelonians), Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 275
Cat. Tort. B.M.
on Cheloniens, Bum. ^ Bib. Erp. Ghi. ii. 1
(1835).
Reptilien, 1811.
Bell, Zool. Jonrn. n. 513.
Testudinata, Oppel,
Bona}). Saggio Anim. Vert. 5. 12 (1832).
Fitz. Syst. Rept. 29 (1843).
Chelonii, Latr. Rept.
Syn. Rept. 3 (1831).
Gray, Ann. Philos. (1825)
Bonap. Saggio Anim. Vert. 5. 12 (1832).
Eichwald, Zool. Sj)ec. iii. 194.
Chelonea, Fleming, Phil. Zool. ii. 268 (1822).
Sterrichrotes (Chelonii), Ritzen, Nov. Act. Acad. Nat.
Cur. xiv. 269 (1828).
Les Cheloniens (Chelonii), Brongn. Bull. Soc. Philom.
XXXV. (1808).
ed. 2. ii. 5
Oss. Foss. v.
Cuv. R. A. ii. 6
;
;
shields
united by their margins, and leaving only the head, ueck,
tail free, which are covered with a
scaly skin
limbs and
toothless, covered with a
lips
;
Latr. Rept.
Blainv. Bull. Soc. Philom. (1816).
Ann. Mus. xiv. 5.
Wiegmann ^ Ruthe, Handb. Zool. 163.
Testudinata, Fitz. Syst. Rept. 2!) (1843).
Testudines (Hedraeoglossae), Wagler, Syst. 133 (1830).
FoRNiCATi, Haworth, Phil. Mag. (1823).
Chelonia, Gray, Cat. Rept. B.M. 3.
Geof^.
CATALOGUE OF SHIELD REPTILES.
Mr. T.
Oppel, in his Ordnungen, Familien u. Gattungen derRep(1811), divides the Tortoises (Teshidinati) thus:
—
tilien
I.
Chelonii.
3.
b.
onyx.
1.
Chelonia.
Chelys.
Amyd^.
II.
Testudo.
4.
5.
a.
Bell, in his
2. Tri-
513, 1828), divides the Order thus
iii.
Emys.
Regne Animal, u. 9 (1817),
Testudo, Limi., thus
Cuvier,
LONiENS
or
:
divides the
Che-
2.
—
5.
{Chelys).
Les Chelides ou Tortues a gueule
Les Tortues moUes
(
1.
Testudo
1.
Kinixys (Homeana).
Terrapene
{c\a.usa).
3. Einosternon (longieauSternotheerus (Leachianus).
b.
Sterno
solido.
4.
datum).
Hydraspis (galeata). 5.
2.
2. * Les Tortues d'eau
Tortues de terre {Testudo).
**
Les Tortues a boite. 3. Tortues de
douce {Emys).
mer {Chelonia).
3.
.
Sterno mobili.
a..
:—
Testudinid^.
I.
Pyxis (arachnoides)
Emydid.s;.
II.
1.
4.
Fam.
A. Digitata.
(greeca).
M.
paper on the Characters of the Order,
Testudinata {Zool. Journ.
Families and Genera of the
r^voiiyf)
7. Chelys
6. Chelonura (serpentina).
(picta).
\.
.
III. Trionychid.e.
Trionyx {Coxoms.'a-
Emys
'
(fimbriata)
delicus).
.
IV. Sphargid*.
1. Sphargis (mercuCheloniad^. 1. Chelonia {Mjdas).
B. Pinnata.
The same arrangement
is
foUovped in the Second Edition,
rialis).
and he has added the generic names wliich have been
Brongiven by Fleming, Bell and others to his sections of
ii.
V.
8,
gniart's genera.
Merrem, Tent. Syst. Amphib. (1820), divides the Tes-
TUDINATA thus
rangement
:
—
Sterrichrotes,
I.
Halichelones.
1
Caretta.
.
** Pedibus
3. Triomjx.
digitalibus.
***
**
tamata.
Terrapene.
Emys.
2.
Sphargis.
* Ma4. Testudo.
**** Chersina.
Dr. John Fleming, in the Philosophy of Zoology (1822),
where he named many of the sections indicated by Cuvier
Animal Kingdom, arranges the Chelonea thus
drocheloues.
II.
*
Matamafa.
4.
1. Cistuda.
A. Lips corneous.
Cavity with a lid.
**
3. Emys.
4.
2. Testudo.
Cavity without a lid.
B. Lips fleshy.
6. Coriudo.
5. Chelonia.
Chelonura.
8.
Chelys.
the
Fam. Nat. du Regne Animal, 91
Chelonii thus
(1825), divides the Order
Cryptopodes.
l.Tortue.
rapene (Tortue a boite).
ecailleuse
queue).
7.
et
5.
Mydce.
Amydcs.
1
thus
:
1.
solide.
Chelonee.
II.
2.
:
—
*
Gymnopodes.
i.
Ter-
Carapace
Saurochelyde (Tortue a longue
**
6. Chelys.
Carapace molle.
4.
3.
:
—
Feet and head retractile into the carapace.
Carapace
solid, covered with horny scales.
Cryptopodi.
1. Testudo.
II. Emydid^.
Fam. I. TESTUDiNiDiE.
* Beak
1. Emys.
horny; sternum entire. Emydina.
** Beak
Terrasternum
sutured.
;
horny
transversely
2. Terraphene.
3. Sternotherus.
4. Kinosterphenina.
I.
*** Beak
fleshy.
Chelidina.
5.
Chelys.
Feet and head not or only partly retractile into the
Carapace mostly soft. Gymnopodi.
carapace.
Fam. III. Trionicid.e.
1. Trionyx.
IV. Sphar-
II.
1.
1.
emys.
16.
10.
Hydromedusa.
11.
Phrynops.
14.
13.
Pelomedusa.
18.
Cinixys.
Sphargis.
V.
Cheloniad^.
1.
Chelonia.
Der-
2.
II.
Testudines tyloCherseus.
20.
19. Pyxis.
Cher-
12.
15. Pelusias.
Staurotypus.
Clemys.
Cinosternon.
17. Emys.
podes.
Chelonia.
5. Chelys.
Trionyx.
9. Plat8. Podocnemis.
21.
Testudo.
Dr. Gray, in the Synopsis Reptilium, Part
Chelonii thus
Dr. Gray, in the Annals of Philosophy for 1825, proposed the following arrangement
3.
Terrapene.
4.
Asjjidonectes.
7.
divides the
GID.E.
3.
Trionyx.
a. Cherso-
—
Rhinemys.
sina.
Emyde.
B. Chersy-
2.
2.
Clemmys.
Testudines oiacopodes.
I.
Trionyx.
non.
Chelonia.
.
Carettce.
b.
Sphargis.
C. Podochelones.
Emys.
Dysmydte.
matochelys.
I.
Eretmochelones.
Phyllopodochelones.
Trionix.
Latreille, in
Fam.
1.
Dr. John Wagler, in the Naturliches System der Amphi(1830), divides the Order Testudines (p. 133)
bien
G.
M.
A.
Chelonii.
Chersine.
:—
*
a.
Chelone.
2.
chelones.
7.
(1828), proposes the following ar-
xiv.
:
* Pedibus
pinniformibus.
in his
Xoca Act.
Dr. F. A. Ritzen, in his Natur. Eith. Amph.,
Acad. Nat. Cur.
Fam.
I.
3. Kinixys.
Emys.
9.
7.
:
Testudinid.5;.
4.
Pyxis.
Kinosternon.
(1831),
1.
II.
Testudo.
Emyd.e.
Chersina.
2.
5.
Cistuda.
8.
IV. Trionycid.«.
V. Cheloniad.j;.
13.
15. Sphargis.
14. Emyda.
Trionyx.
16. Chelonia.
Wiegmann and Ruthe, Handbuch der Zoologie
cUvide the Order Chelonii thus into families
:
Fam. I. Chelon/E. 1
Chersinje. 1. Testudo.
3.
Chelydra.
V. Chilot^.
6.
III. Chelyd^.
Chelydra.
12.
11. Hydraspis.
10. Chelodina.
Sternotherus.
Chelys.
i.
—
.
Sphargis.
Cinosternon.
1.
Trionyx.
III.
2.
Emyd^.
—
(1832),
Chelonia.
1.
IV. Chelyd.«.
Emys.
1.
II.
2.
Chelys.
CATALOGUE OF SHIELD REPTILES.
M.
Charles Bonaparte, in his Si/sfema Generale d'Erpetologia, 80 (1832), divides the Testudinata thus
:
Order
NilD^.
Chelonii.
Fam.
2. Chelina.
II.
I.
tudinina.
1.
1.
Order
—
Tortue.
a.
Cherseus.
3.
tnopode.
Tortues.
b.
4.
Pyxide.
Americaines.
e.
Chersine.
C.
Podocnemide.
14.
7.
Tetro-
16. Plat-
15. Steniothere.
Pentonyx.
Cheludine.
17.
emyde.
18.
Les Po-
III.
Chehjde.
TAMiTES ou Tortues fluviales.
19. Gymnopode.
IV. Les Thalassites ou Tortues
20. Cryptopode.
b. C. im21. Chelonee.
a. C. franches.
MARINES.
C. caouanes.
c.
briquees.
22. Sphargis.
M.Charles L. Bonaparte,
Testudinidi.
draspedini.
chini.
III.
d.
Tavola Analitica dei Che-
in his
Chelonii
(1836), divides the
lonii
into three famiUes
b. Euiidini.
a. Testudinini.
Chelini.
Chelonidi.
II.
a.
6.
Trionicidi.
Chelonini.
a.
b.
Testudinina.
c.
Hy-
Trioni-
Spargidini.
Cherseus.
1.
Chei-sina {Cylindraspis, Chersind).
2.
Kinixys (Ciiiofhorax, Cinixys).
Pyxis.
8. Emys {Emys, Cyclemis).
7. Cistudo.
{Clemys, Rhinoclemys)
.
10.
Geomys.
9.
11.
:
Order
I.
PODA.
2.
3.
Fam.
Emydina.
Terrapene
Tetraonyx.
Kiiiosternmii {Sternotherus,
18. Etnydina.
16. Pelfocephalus.
17. Podocnemys.
20. Pelusios.
21.
dura {Macquaria)
\9. Pelomedusa.
.
22. Chelo-
Trionycid^.
23. Chelys.
24. Ainyda {Aspido25. Trionyx.
nectes, Platypeltis, Pelodiscus, Amy da).
G. Chelonina.
26. Chelonia {CheIII. Chelonid^s.
II.
Ionia,
Caretta).
5.
'27.
Trionicina.
Thalassochelys.
7.
Sphargidina.
28. Sphargis.
1. Saura.
Squamata.
3. Amphisbenee.
phracta.
I.
saura
;
—
2.
4.
Ophidia.
Chelonia.
and he points out the analogies between
those of Mammalia and Birds.
this
II.
5.
Fam.
I.
4.
Chelydra.
1. CiTestudines.
Order II. Stegano-
Hydraspides.
II.
Emyd^.
1.
1.
Emys.
5.
Cino-
Hydraspis.
§ 2.
Staurotypus.
Fam. I. Chelyd^. 1. Chelys. §3. Labiata.
Fam. I. Trionyches. 1. Trionyx. 2. Aspidonectes.
Order III. Oiacopoda.
Fam. I. Chelonia.
1. Chelonia.
2. Thalassochelys.
Fam. II. Dermato-
chelyd^.
Derma tochelys.
1.
C
F. I.
Mayer (System des Thierreichs, 189, 1849
Wiegmann's Arch. 1850, 67) arranges the Tylopoda or
;
:
—
3.
The upper
pairs),
shield or carapace
is
formed by the
enlarged and united together and
(Emys,
ribs (eight
to the annular part
of the dorsal vertebra by toothed sutures, so as to be imthe lower shield or plastron is formed of the
moveable
;
pieces which represent the chest bone (usually nine), and
a circle of bones analogous to the sternal cartilages of qua-
drupeds.
moveable.
The vertebrae of the neck and tail alone are
The two long envelopes are immediately covered
with skin or
tremity.
scales,
—Ann.
The bones
and surround the muscles of the ex-
Phil. 1825.
of the sternum are in general united together
into a single plate,
and are often
affixed to the
margin
b}'
a toothed suture, but in the CistudcB they are united to
by a
and
cartilaginous
band allowing of a
sometimes, as in the
divided
into
Cata-
sutures,
allowing the front
order and
Eressodaetyli
Pterodactyli (Chelonia).
—
Emydo-
2.
Bsenodactyli (Testudo).
Trionyx).
it
Dr. J. E. Gray (Ami. Nat. Hist. 1838, i. 275) proposed a
new arrangement of Reptiles with short characters, thus
:
I.
Testudo.
Mandibulata.
5.
14. Staurotyptts.
15.
3. HydraspiCinosternon).
Hydraspis {Platemys, Rhinemys, Phrynops).
dina (Chelodina,Hydromedusd). 4. Chehna.
Fam.
3.
Rostrata.
§ 1.
Clemmys.
sternon.
—
Tylopoda.
Chersina.
2.
nixys.
1.
13. Chelydra.
12. Platysternon.
13.
Dr. Fitzinger (Systema Reptilium, p. 29, 1843) divides
Testudinata thus
the
2.
4. Homopiis.
6.
Chelodina.
12.
:
Testudo {Testudo, Psammobates, Geochelone, Chelonoidis).
3.
III.
8. Kinixys.
Pyxis.
10. Emys.
9. Cistuda.
7.
(Rirer Tortoises).
* Sternotherus.
Kinosfernon.
:^
Specchio dei Geiieri e Sotfogeneri
1.
3. Chelys.
Platysternon.
4. Testudo.
5.
Tortoises).
Honopus.
Chelonians thus
The following is the
I. Testudinidi.
2.
Chelydra.
Hydraspis. IV. Trionycid.*. 14. Trionyx. lo. Emyda.
V. Chelonid.e.
16. Chelonia.
17. Sphargis.
Europeennes.
10. Staurotype.
9. Eviysaure.
Plutystertie.
\\. Cinosterne.
B. Pleuroderes.
\2. Peltocephale.
13.
I.
Chersina.
8.
nyx.
1.
Ord. II. Che(Crocodiles).
Fain. I. Chelidrid^e (Crocodile
.
TestudinidjE (Land
11.
(1839),
Cyclopcedia
—
Cistude.
5.
a.
Indiennes.
d.
Ho-
Les Elodites
II.
Emi/de.
Africaines.
2.
1.
:
Emydosaures
(Tortoises)
Emyd.e
A. Cryptoderes.
b. Baillantes.
a. Clausiles.
c.
Cinixys.
ou Tortues paludines.
b.
1835) divide
ii.
Les Chersites ou Toktues terrestres.
I.
I.
LONiDES
Tortoises).
Messrs. Dume'ril and Bibron {Brp. G6n.
Tortoises or Cheloniens thus:
Cabinet
p. 343, arranges these animals thus
II.
the
Lardner's
Swainson, in
Tes-
Chelo-
III.
Chelonina.
2.
Sphiirgidina.
Testudinid^.
I.
Trionicid^e.
—
Box
Tortoise,
slight
motion
the sternum
;
is
two or three parts by one or two cross
move on the middle
or
hinder lobe, or both, to
or fixed part.
In the genus Che-
the
lydra, and the families Trionyeidte and Cheloniadce,
sternal bones form a ring, leaving a cartilaginous space in
the centre.
B 2
CATALOGUE OF SHIELD REPTILES.
Synopsis of the Families.
ii. 419, 513
(1828).
Swainson, Lard. Cyclop. 344 (1839).
Testudinina, Bonap. Tav. Analit. 5 (1836).
Testudinidse, Bell, Zool. Journ.
A. Digitate.
a.
1.
TESTtTDrNID^.
2.
EMYDlD.a;.
Back with horny
scales.
Feet club-shaped ; claws 5-4 or 4-4, blunt.
Caudal shields united into one, incurved. Neck retractile.
Feet palmated
;
claws 5—4 or 4-4, acute.
Caudal
Neck retractile. Pelvis attached to the
shields separate.
Sternal shields 11 or 12.
vertebra; only.
Testudinoides, Fit:inger, Neue Class. (1826).
Test. Tvlopoda, Wagler, Syst. Amph. 138 (1830).
Fiiz. Syst. Rept. 29 (1843).
Testudines, Fitz. Syst. Rept. 29 (1843).
Chersine, Merrem, Tent. 29.
Chersinse, Wiegm. ^- Ruthe, Handb. Zool. 164.
Testudo (Tortues de terre), Brongn. Cuv. R.A. ii. 9
3.
CHELYDID^.
Feet palmated ; claws 5-4 or 5-5, acute.
Caudal shields separate. Neck contractile. Pelvis attached
Sternal shields 13.
to the vertebrae and sternum.
b.
4.
TRIONYCIDffi.
Back with
soft skin.
Feet palmated
;
claws 3-3, acute,
covered with a soft skin having a
fle.xible
Bones
ed. 2.
;
9.
ii.
Chersites ou Tortues terrestres. Bum. ^ Bib. Erp. Gen.
ii. 1
Cat. Mus. Par. 3.
(1835)
Testudines terrestres, Plin.
Testudinidse Testudinina (part.), Bonap. Saggio Anim.
Fert. 12.
Chersochelones (Dysmydse), (part.), Ritzen, Nov. Act. Nat.
;
Cur. xiv. 270 (1828).
margin.
B. Pinnate.
5.
CHELONIAD.S.
A. Digitata.
Tortue de
terre,
Synopsis of the Genera.
Feet fin-shaped, compressed.
Feet digitate.
Testudo.
2.
Homopus.
3.
iii.
Thorax and sternum sohd
Toes 4-4.
;
sternal plates
in-
12
;
inguinal plates moderate.
Banhenton, Eno/. Meth. 689.
Amydse, Oppel, Rept. 4, 6, 9 (1811).
Laud and Freshwater Tortoises, Shaw, Zoo!,
Testudo digitata, Merreiii, Tent. 20.
Thorax and sternum solid: sternal plates 12;
Toes 5—4.
guinal plate moderate.
1.
Thorax and sternum soUd
Chersina.
:
sternal
11.
plates
Toes 5-4.
9.
i.
Testudines stegauopodes et T. tylopodes, Wagler, Syst.
138 (1830).
Podochelones, Ritzen, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xiv. 270 (1828).
Thorax, hinder
Kinlxys.
guinal plates very large.
5.
Thorax
Pyxis.
solid.
])art
mobile
;
sternal plates 12; in-
Toes 5-4.
Sternum,
fi-ont
lobe moveable
:
sternal
plates 12.
a.
Back covered with hard horny scales.
Leptonota.
Toes digitate, 4- or a-claioed.
Tylopoda.
TESTVDO,
Linn.
Thorax convex, subglobose, solid. Sternum soUd, covered
with twelve sternal shields, the gular pair separate pectoral
Testudo, Merrem, Tent. 21.
Amydse /3, Oppel, Rept. (1811).
*
1.
;
narrow
shields
Feet clavate.
Testudines terrestres, Plin.
Testudo (Tortues de terre), Brongn., Cuvier.
Test. Tylopoda, Wagler.
;
inguinal shields moderate.
Head
scaly,
above, and one vertical shield be-
with two frontal
sliields
tween the eyes.
Claws 5-4, blunt.
Testudo (graeca), Gray, Ann. P^?7.x. 210(1825); Syn.Rept.
Cat. Rept. B. M. 4.
8 (1831)
Fleming, Phil. Zool. ii. 270 (1822).
Bum. I- Bib. Erp. Gen. ii. 55 (1835); Cat. Meth.
;
Fam.
Head
I.
TESTUDINIDiE (Land
ovate, shielded
;
jaws naked
retractile into the cavity
;
Tortoises).
uostril apical.
of the shell.
Neck
Feet short, club-
Shell very solid, thick,
shaped, armed with blunt claws.
the
ribs
united
to
the
ovate,
together
margin, in the adult
state covered with homy concentrically grooved shields,
marked with a permanent
areola
;
marginal plates 24 to 26,
the caudal pair always united together into one broad
geneSternum broad and solid, closed in
rally incurved plate.
the centre of the adult, and firmly attached to the thorax
a
bony suture, covered by the end of the pectoral and
by
abdominal
plates.
Tail short and thick.
Testudinidae, Gray, Ann. Phil. x. 211 (1825)
8 (1831).
Rept. 3.
Chersini,
Merrem, Tent.
Chelonoides (Boiei), Fitz. Syst. Rept. 29.
Geochelone (stellata), Fitz. Syst. Rept. 29.
Psammobates
(georaetrica), Fitz. Syst. Rej). 29.
T. (Testudo) grieca, Wagler, Syst. 138 (1830).
Fitz. Syst. Rept. 29.
Megalochelys (gigantea), Fitz. Syst. Rept. 29.
Chersina (Cyliudraspis) Vosmaeri, Fitz. Syst. Rej)t. 29.
Cherseus (marginatus), Wagler, Syst. 138 (1830).
Fitz. Syst. Rept. 29.
Testudo
Bum. ^
Bib. Erp. Gen. ii. 57.
Linn.
Bum. S,- Bib. Erp. Gen. ii. 30 Cat. Meth. R. 3.
Bell, Zool. Journ. ii. 514.
Testudo,
Testudo,
a..
sp.,
;
Wagler, Syst. 138 (1830).
;
Syn.Rept.
They
are slow in their motions, eating vegetables
and
CATALOGUE OF SHIELD REPTILES.
roots
woods or
living in
;
warm and temperate
in
fields
lu colder climates they burrow, and
parts of the world.
the
winter.
sleep during
In the genus Testudo the sternum
some specimens of T.
rmpns
is
quite solid,
inauritiana, T. marginata,
but in
and Ho-
areolatus, the hinder lobe has been observed to be
moveable.
On
Wagler has separated the
this account Dr.
when
and
will
probably,
have been more obser\'ed, be found
of
all
when
common
these animals
to the females
the species.
adult
plate none
last vertebral shield almost
always as ^vide as the
caudal and two hinder marginal plates.
1.
Shell oblong, depressed
nuchal shield broad
nicked behind
;
;
shields pale brown, grooved
;
sternum produced
pectoral shields short
covered with scales
;
tail
;
in
;
front, deeply
head and cheeks
very short.
T. denticulata, Schoepf. t. 28.
T. caibonaria, Spix, t. 16.
Bell, Test.
Dumeril
R. 5.
tessellata,
;
forests
of
h, i,j, k,
c.
2,
t.
13; Neuw.
1 7.
Obs. Zool.
Brazils;
(stuffed).
Cayenne; Guadaloupe
;
Chili.
South America.
South America.
Presented by the
South America.
I,
m,
n, o.
Zool.
ii.
181.
Shell only (adult and young).
South
America.
p,
iv. 7.
Georgia and
q, r.
South America.
Skeletons (half-grown).
This species
differs in
appearance according to the state
of the surface of the shell.
When
perfect the surface
is
black, with small yellow impressed areolas to the plates
surrounded with deep concentric grooves but the surface is
;
Museum
8|- inches.
:
—
often
N. America.
Richard Harlan, M.D.
Adult, brown
f.
;
Specimens in British
b.
12.
18.
Osteology. Wiedemann, Arch.
Florida.
Adult, brown
t.
t.
f, g. Half-grown and young.
;
a.
t.
Cat. Mith.
99;
ii.
Half-grown, with only eleven marginal scales (stuffed).
West Indies. Presented by John Gould, Esq.
5.
T. Carolina, Litin. Syst. Nat.
Leconte, Ann. Lye. N. H. iii. 97.
T. tabulata, Schoepff. 56. t. 13?
T. tabulata, var., Schlegel, F. Japon. 70.
1 T. Schweiggeri, Gray, Syn. 10. var., in Griffith, A. K.
Bum. Sr Bib. Erp. Gen. ii. 108 Cat. M. R. 5.
,pine
Icones Amphib.
;
Zoological Society.
I.
;
Erp. Gin.
.
Adult (stuffed).
Adult
d.
Bonap. Tesfud. Europ. et Amer. 152.
T. depressa, Lesueur, Cuv. R. A. ii. 10.
Hab. North America
8
7,
gigantea, Schweigger ?
foveolata, Licht. Berl. Acad. 251 (1820).
not Merrem.
Sphargis mercurialis, Schinz, t. 8. f. 1
The Brazilian Tortoise, Gray, I. c. 5.
e.
1. f.
Cat.
;
1.
f.
Schneider, Schoepff
Her in.
Grseca,
.
t.
45, 48
erosa, Schweigger.
a, b, c.
256.
Gray, Syn. 1 1
Bum. f Bib. Erp. Gin. ii. 105 Cat. Meth.
Schweigger, Arch. Kcenigsb. i. 317.
Guerin, Icon.
f.
t.
t.
Cagado, Spix, Braz.
sculpta, Spix, Braz.
T.
T.
T.
T.
T.
T.
1-8.
f.
1, 2.
t.
et Bibroii,
Hab. America;
.
i.
.
!
Gopher, Barf ram' s Tracels, i. 55.
La Tortue gopher, Bosc, N. Diet. H. N. xi. 269,
?T. tessellata, Merrem, Tent. 31.
Testudo Gopher, Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 4.
T. Pol3'phemus, HoUbrook, Amer. Rept. i. t. 1
Say, Jonrn. A. N. S. Phil. iv. 204, 207.
Baud. Rept.
t.
9,
13.
American.
Mongofa.
f.
Neuw. Abbild.
;
Bum. ^ Bib. Erp. Gin. ii. 89.
T. Hercules, Spix, Bra::, t. 14.
Gray, Syn. 9.
T. Boiei, Wagler, Amphib. t. 6. f.
Abbild.
or
6.
t.
Mi-th. R. 5
4.
The Gopher
Testudo Gopher.
1, 2.
t.
Syn.
TJ^agler,
T.
M.
;
;
Gophers.
Gophers, Gray, Cat. Rept. B.
animal red or yellow, spotted.
Bell, Test.
t.
A. The
shields black, grooved, areola small, nuchal
;
Testudo tabulata. Wall. Chelon. 70. t. 22.
Baud. Rept. i. 242.
Cat. Rept. B.M. 5.
Gray, Syn. 10
But it
former into a genus, under the name of Cherseus.
a
of
the
females
when
are
about
be
they
may only peculiarity
to deposit their eggs,
The Brazilian Tortoise.
Testudo tabulata.
2.
Shell subquadrate, oblong, depressed, sides contracted
10| Laches.
Edward Doubleday, Esq.
;
Adult, blackish.
N. America
N.America.
;
Mexico.
Presented by
Presented by
Mr. Warwick's
Collection.
d. Adult, blackish.
lection.
North America.
M.
Parzudaki's Col-
more or
destroyed,
less
worn, when the concentric furrows are
the surface becomes
areolas are obliterated.
a distinct species.
smooth,
In this state
The hinder
it
and the small
has been considered
vertebral plate
is
large, as
broad as the caudal, the hinder marginal and the half of
In one specimen, which
has only eleven marginal plates on each side (the two liinder
caubeing imited ?), the hmder vertebral is as wide as the
the second hinder marginal plate.
dal
and half the large hinder marginal
plates.
CATALOGUE OF SHIELD REPTILES.
B. The last vertebral generally only as loide as the caudal
and half of each of the hinder marginal shields.
Confined to the Old World.
B.M.
Testudo B, Gh-ay, Cat. Rept.
wanting
;
last three
animal black
last
;
6.
only)
32 inches.
;
Nuchal
plate
not a
;
state.
Nuchal
2 1 inches.
;
Young
only)
(shell
plate distinct.
Nuchal plate
14 inches.
;
di-
Nuchal plate none;
(shell only); 5^ inches.
nucleus of marginal and gular plates pale.
h.
Young
nuchal plates variable or
vertebral often as broad as the
b.
4 inches.
Very young (only upper part of shell)
nuchal plate.
Presented by J. E. Gray, Esq.
Testudo Indica, Gmelin, S. N.
Cat. Rej)t.
Gray, Syn. 9
;
;
;
marginal.
40.
(shell
stinct.
pectoral shields short
;
c.
good
Adult
The Indian Tortoise.
Testudo Indica.
3.
Black
Adult
e.
Indian.
a.
a.
n.
Skeleton; adult.
o.
Skeleton
B.M.
5
Cat. Zool. Soc.
;
p. Skeleton
Skull.
q.
Chersina retusa, Merrem, Tetit.
T. Elephantopus, Harlan, J. Acad. Phil. iii. 284. t. 9.
T. nigra, Qi'oy, Voy. Uran. t. 40.
Cat. Mith. R. 5.
Duin. ^ Bib. Erp. Ghi. ii. 115
T. Californica, Quoy, Bnll. Sci.
T. Dussuniieri, Schleyel, Mvs. Leyd. i.
Pet. Gaz. t. 76. f. A.
T. gigantea, Schioeiy. Arch. Kcenigsb. i. 327.
Dum. ^- Bib. Erp. Gen. ii. 120; Cat. Meth. R. 5.
Schoepf. Hist. Testudinum, t. 22.
r.
Presented by Her Majesty.
Mr.
India.
half-grown.
Bartlett's Collec-
;
half-grown.
Dr. Mantell's Collection.
India.
Monstrosity. Dorsal shields and the bones beneath them
India. Mus. Zoological
very convex, concave within.
Society.
;
Var. Elongate, compressed on the sides, and turned up at
the edge.
Testudo Vosmaeri, Fitz.
s.
Adult
Presented by the Earl of
India?
(stuffed).
Derby.
13.
t.
India?
tion.
fig. 9.
Shaw, Zool. t. 3.
Wieymann, Bon. Trans,
;
No
T. Vosmaeri, Fitz. Cat. 44.
Dum. ^ Bib. Erp. Gen. ii. 140 ; Cat. Mith. R. 6.
T. nigrita, Bum. ^- Bib. Erp. Gin. ii. 81.
Cat. Meth.
T. Daudinii, Bum. S,- Bib. Erp. Gin. ii. 125
R. 5.
T. Elephantina, Dum. ^- Bib. Erp. G4n. ii. 110; Cat.
;
Testudo Indica.
—The
skull in the
and the one figured by Cuvier,
convex forehead.
t. 1 1
.
Museum
1
f.
Collection,
7-20, have a veiy
Meth. R.b.
T. Perraultii,I>Mm.^.Bii..E'rp.G^n.ii.l26; Cat.Mith.R.o.
La ronde, Lacep. Quad. Ovip. i. 126. t. 5.
T. orbicularis, Bechst. in Lacep. i. 154.
T. rotunda, Latr. Rept. i. 107.
R. 5.
T. Peltastes, Dum. S/- Bib. Erp. Gen.u. 138; Cat.
MM.
Syst. Rept. 29
Fitz.
Chersina (Cylindraspis) Vosmaeri,
(1843).
Testudo (Megalochelys) gigantea, Fitz. Syst. Rept. 29.
Hab. Isle of France Seychelles Isle Angouan India
;
;
California
;
ff.
;
(stuifed)
(stuffed)
Hab. Galapagos
;
23 inches.
7 inches.
;
;
feet
bad
;
Nuchal plate none.
Nuchal
6 inches.
sions.
Testudo Indica.
plate
rounded
Very young
plate none
(stuffed)
;
4i
inches.
Whitish
;
nuchal
;
;
Osteology.
Cuvier,
Oss. Foss. v. 176.
t.
rapidly shelving
^
153.
?
shell only, very large
E. Cross, Esq.
and broad.
— Skull
high, convex
to the nose-cavity,
forehead convex,
;
broad between the eyes
;
tem-
edge of the jawbetween the nose-cavity and the mouth narrow and rounded.
ples flat behind
;
cheeks small, four-sided
;
Nose-cavity oblong, nearly twice as high as broad, conPalate broad, oblong, very
tracted on each side above.
17, 20,
sides in front.
deeply concave, and with concave converging
under
the condyle ;
beneath
concave
bone
deeply
Sphenoid
Presented by
lower jaws narrowed and rounded in front, not more than
half as hieh as behind.
11.
f.
skull.
Upper
flat,
skull.
The folis only known by the
of
a skull
and
measurements
the
lowing are
descriptions
the
of
same
dimenof T. Indica and T. planiceps
nearly
nucleus of plates dark.
4 inches. Nuchal ])late distinct.
d. Very young (stuffed)
Last vertebral narrower than the last three marginal.
Presented by General J. Hardwicke.
Bengal.
h.
depressed, flat; forehead
Mag. N.H. 1855,
none.
i.
much
Testudo planiceps. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1853; Ann.
Half-grown (stuffed).
Young
Young
Skull
towards the nose-cavity.
This species
;'.
/.
Testudo planiceps. The Flat-headed Tortoise.
Tab. XXXIV.
Galapagos.
m. Adult (stulfed).
Adult animal and shell
/.
;
4.
CATALOGUE OF SHIELD REPTILES.
T. planiceps.
Length from condyle to fi'ont of li])
from occipital crest to nose-cavity
„
.
.
of palate concavity
of nasal opening
„
„
Width
T. Indica.
5^
5f
2f
ItV
4^
end of temporal bones
3^
1
of palate concavity in middle
Height fi-om back of upper lip to top of head If
1
from front of lower jaw
,,
„
„
at condyles
at
5|
longer than broad
5J
3^
2
4
;
front edge of the fore
hiuder
4^
If
2f
Of
narrow between the eyes temples produced, bent in behind cheeks large, subtrigonal edge of the jaws between
;
Nose-cavity
nearly square, scarcely higher than broad, and very little
Palate narrow, nearly lozenge-shaped,
contracted above.
truncated behind, rather deeply concave, with straiglit con-
Sphenoid bone flat beneath under
verging sides in front.
the condyle lower jaw convex, erect in front and as high
Young.
Presented by the Hon.
;
This species
is
very like Testudo sulcata, but the shell
and those on the
equal,
side of the vent are shorter
After an examination of the specimens of the large Black
It resembles T. grceca,
but the three pairs of sternal plates
Tortoises, &c. in the Collection of the British iNIuseum, I
regarded them
all
we
have, and the nuclei of
all
the hinder marginal plates
are on the hinder edge, and not in the centre.
specimens which had served
the
including
Schweigger, Schlegel, Fitzinger, Dtimeril and Bibron, and
others as the tvpe of the species, in the Catalogue of the
as varieties of a single, very variable
which had been scattered by man in different tropical
I see no cause to change this opinion
parts of tlie globe.
with respect to the head above described and figured, even
species,
prove to be that of a black species, which is possible,
as the black species is the only one known which has any
it
affinity to it in point of size,
and it
is
said to be
from a
shell
This skidl was sent to Haslar Hospital, and
was said to have been taken from a specimen brought from
of that colour.
6.
Testudo
stellata.
convex
Shell ovate,
The Starred Tortoise.
shields
convex, grooved, black,
yellow-rayed areola large, placed near the hinder edge
nuchal shield none head and feet black, yellow-spotted
;
;
;
;
;
tail
short.
Testudo
stellata,
Schweiyyer, Prod. i. 325.
t. 313
Cat. Rept. B.
Gray, Syn. 12.
Seba, Thes.
;
Dutn.
^-
Bib. Erp. Gin.
ii.
66
by Dr. Harlan under the name of Testudo Elephantopus,
but his figure and description so exactly agree with the
adult Testudo Indica, and the specimen in the Gardens of
T. elegans, Schoepff. Test. t. 26.
Baud. Rept. t. 25. f. 1.
Gray, Syn. t. 3. f. 1, 2.
from the Mauritius, that
Galapagos Tortoise
I
Geochelone
skull here described
from that
species, or like the
especially
near their
upon the lower side
upper edge
;
;
Shell yellow
Testudo elegans,
ii.
t.
a.
I.
;
Syst. Rept. 29
.
commissures of the shields
f,
Schoejiff. Test.
t.
26, copied
Shaw, Zool.
;
Ceylon.
Adult (stuffed) 6 inches. Shields few-rayed. Ceylon.
Presented by J. E. Gray, Esq.
i.
Adult (stuff'ed).
Dorsal shields many-rayed.
h,
g,
the areola of the costal plates
the gular plates elongate, triangular,
;
22
6.
Hab. India
Shell oblong, rather depressed, pale, varied with blackish,
t.
9.
black, forming together a lanceolate spot.
under the name of T. planiceps.
Testudo Horsfleldii. Horsfield's Tortoise. Tab.
Indian Rev. 1838,
stellata, Fitz. Syst. Schildk. 1
Very young.
cannot think the usual black
is difi'erent
;
t.
;
the Zoological Society, brought from the Galapagos Islands,
of Testudo Indica
7.
t. 14; Test. t. 1, 2.
Cat. Meth. R. .5.
;
T. elegaus, Schoepff. t. 25. f. 1.
T. geoinetrica, Shaw, Zool. v. t. 2. f. 1
Le Geometrique, Lacep. Q. O. 155.
Young. Yellow black-rayed.
Testudo stellata, Sckweiyger, Prod.
so exactly similar to the specimens
M.
79. f. 3, t. 80. f. 3.
T. actinoides. Bell, Zool. Journ. iii. 419.
t.
the Galapagos Islands.
The Black Tortoise of those Islands has been described
5.
and
broader than in that species. The nuclei of the hinder
marginal shields are central, while in T. sulcata they are on
the hinder edge of the scales.
are longer in comparison to their width than any specimens
Tortoise {T. Indica) in the various English and continental
is
is
more depressed, the margin rather more produced and
toothed, and the scales of the fore feet are small and un-
;
as beliind.
should
than the
Afighanistan.
;
India
Affghanistan.
East India Company.
a.
;
collections,
scales
the vent with two blunt spines on each side.
;
Hah. India
—
the nose-cavity and the moutli high and erect.
arms with smaller
Testudo Horsfleldii (Dr. Horsfield's Tortoise), Grai/, Cat.
Rept. B.M. 7.
Skull much depressed, flat ; foreTestudo planiceps.
head flat, with a rapid declivity towards the nose-cavity,
;
the anal plates broader than long, the
;
hinder notch broad, triangular, the hinder marginal plates
the
broad, with the nucleus on the centre of their margin
;
India.
j, k.
Capt. Boys' Collection.
Animal (unstuffed).
India.
CATALOGUE OF SHIELD REPTILES.
8
Animal and
/.
shell
(stuffed)
truncated,
convex,
shield of the
;
back
many-rayed.
conical,
From
India.
Var.
the
:
(shell only)
;
b.
Half-grown (shell only).
few yellow rays.
n.
Half-grown
c.
Young (upper
Shields flattish, black, with
Osteology
a.
/.
(shell only), like h.
shell only).
Depressed, broad, pale ; nucleus very large, pale margin of shields blackish marked.
&
nucleus and margin
Nucleus moderate
o. Young.
foui- broad yellow rays.
with
brown-edged,
;
Tlie specimens c
the young
and d show the very
of this species
when they
are
different
size
being nearly twice as long and wide as d, and yet
the shields have only one or two rings round the nucleus,
shell c
while in
d they have
several.
—
Cape of Good Hope.
Shell.
Shell
rayed
oblong,
convex
;
;
shields convex, often high,
;
truncated.
m. Animal and shell (wanting discal plates). South Africa.
h. Shell (adulf)
5j inches. Dorsal shields high, conical
caudal plate produced.
Cape of Good Hope. Presented by Robert Brown, Esq.
;
;
Dorsal shield rather convex; cauCape of Good Hope. Presented
Shell (young).
by Robert Brown, Esq.
The Geometric Tortoise.
areola yellow, truncated
;
Vertebral
;
plates short, truncated
i&j.
shields
Presented by Gen. Th.
;
b. African.
Testudo geometrica.
inches.
'\\
Shell oblong, ventricose
sternum
Far. 3. nigriventris.
white
on
the
dark
in
the
sides
nuchal
middle,
convex,
dal plate iuflexed.
7.
;
Shell only, wanting a few plates ; 5 inches.
shield very high.
Cape of Good Hope.
of
hatched, the
first
:
Shell wanting the first lobe of sternum
South Africa. Mus. .Sloane.
Hardwicke.
g.
(/
sternum
;
vex (T. tentoria, Bell).
cated.
))t.
ventricose
oblong,
;
—
Shields very high, trun10 inches.
PhiUppines.
Adult (shell only); 10 inches. Shields flattish. India;
Madras. Presented by T. C. Jerdon, Esq.
Adult
e.
Shell
tentoria.
convex, black-rayed ; nuchal plates elongate, narrow ;
caudal shield incurved, conshields convex, truncated
Zoolcgical Society.
Osteology
1.
n.
Shell (half-grown).
o.
Animal aud
yellow, grooved, black-
Presented
Mauritius.
young).
by Lady Frances Cole.
nuchal shield long.
The specimen
Testudo geometrica, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 353.
Grai/, Spi. 12; Cat. Kept. li.M. 8.
Bum. 8,- Bib. Erp. Gen. ii. 57 Cat. Mith. R. 3.
Seba, Thes. t. 80. f. 8.
Lacep. Q. O. t. 3. f. 2.
South Africa.
shell (very
cies,
of Testudo luteola (Baud. Rept.
Museum
in the Paris
is
evidently a
young
t.
25)
shell of this spe-
without any shields.
;
S/iaiv, Zool.
ii.
Schoepff. Test.
t.
There
2.
t.
riety
10.
Band. Rept. t. 25. f.
Psammobates geometricus,
Chersine geometrica, Merrem.
T. luteola. Baud. Rept. ii. 277. t. 25. f. 3.
T. tentoria. Bell, Zool. Journ. iii. 420. t. 24
;
Cape of Good Hope
;
•
;
Test.
t.
no difference
tentoria
band, and
1.
Fitz. Syst. Rept. 29 (1843).
Testudo (Psammobates) geometrica, Fitz. Syst. Schildk. 1 22.
Hab, Africa
is
in the colour or in the size of the
areolEe of the three varieties
is
;
the nuchal shield of the va-
sometimes reduced to a linear transverse
is
very rarely quite deficient.
Schlegel refers Testudo tentoria and Pyxis aranoides of
Bell to this species
8.
1.
{Fauna Japonica).
Testudo Verroxii.
Verreaux's Tortoise.
Shell rather depressed, broad, brown, varied with broad,
Madagascar.
black and narrow, pale yellow rays and spots
/ ar.
1
.
Shell oblong, elongate, narrow, discal plate flat or
concave
sternum
;
flat
plate elongate, narrow
(7".
I.
;
caudal shield
much
;
nuchal
incurved
convex.
Osteology
:
shell (young)
2^
Cape of Good Hope.
;
inches.
Plates rather
;
beneath yel-
;
;
;
with four yellow rays.
geometrica).
Animal and
b, c, d.
or concave, brown, rare
brown varied with a few black rays
marginal shields
placed at an angle with respect to the costal shield ; nuchal
areola black,
discal plates simple, convex
plate triangular
low,
Head above yellow
;
feet
with large
imbricate scales in front.
Testudo Verroxii, A. Smith, Illustr. Zool. S. Africa,
worn.
Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 9.
—
Shells only, various sizes, all wanting the front lobe
South Africa.
Hab. South
t.
8
Africa.
of sternum.
e.
Wanting
convex.
k.
of sternum
discal shields rather
South Africa. Dr. Mantell's Collection.
front lobe
Shell (young)
Good Hope.
;
2\ inches.
;
Plates flattish.
Cape of
a.
Animal and
shell.
South Africa.
From Mr. Warwick's
Collection.
This species chiefly
differs
from T. geometrica
in
more depressed, brown, with black and narrow yellow
being
rays.
CATALOGUE OF SHIELD REPTILES.
The Toothed Cape Tortoise.
Testudo semiserrata.
9.
Browii, yellow-rayed
;
below yellow, black-rayed
shield elongate, triangular
;
;
h.
nuchal
and posterior margin
anterior
strongly serrated, the hinder margin recurved
0.
Half-grown
Hab. South
t.
11.
South Africa.
Yomig
(shell only).
t.
Thorax orbicular
;
margin more
the South
From
The Coui.
Testudo radiata.
shields
;
grooved, black, yellow-
flat,
nuchal shield triangular
sternum produced in front, truncated behind.
rufous
small,
Testudo racUata, Shaw, Zool.
Grew, Mus. t. 3. f. 2.
Bell, Test.
t.
Gray, Syn.
1 1
;
iii.
;
^-
Cat. Rept. B.M. 5.
Cat. Me'th. R. 5.
;
"Testudo
e.
2, skel.
shell only
Museum
&
c.
;
9 inches.
6.
t.
1,
f.
6,
skeleton
1, 2,
12,
13.
t.
f.
;
16,
South Africa.
South Africa.
shell (half-grown).
sented by the Zoological Society.
Animal and
:
Pre-
—
;
convex
caudal shield
South Africa. From the Zoo-
discal shield
;
(shell only, without front lobe of sternum)
shields
yellow, shields black-edged, areola spotted
Young
;
grooved.
Sternum only
;
13 inches.
Madagascar.
From
the
of the Royal Society.
Shell only.
Presented by Gen. Th.
Madagascar.
Testudo sulcata.
South Africa.
Shell only, wanting
gascar.
some
Young
4 inches.
(shell only)
cated.
;
plates
;
;
5j
inches.
lateral
edge
;
;
;
;
Mada-
Gular plate short, trun-
;
shields
caudal plate very broad, inflexed
deeply grooved, areola small, of costal and marginal plates
Animal blackish-brown scales over the eyemarginal.
slightly keeled
sternum produced and bifid
Testudo sulcata. Miller, Cim. Phys.
t.
Animal
in front.
feet with very large scales in front
pale yellow
with two large spines.
;
Madagascar.
The Grooved Tortoise,
Shell oblong, depressed, dirty-yellow, dorsal line flattened,
front and hinder
with a deep triangular notch in front
brows small
/.
Port Natal.
margin strongly reflexed and deeply toothed
Hardwicke.
e.
;
;
12.
Madagascar.
shell).
Syst. Amphib.
Cuvier, Oss. Fuss. v. 193. t. 12. f.
17, 27, 28, 35.
b
Cape of Good Hope
but gular plate nicked.
Very young (animal and
Upper
11," Schlegel.
;
A.
Osteology. Wagler,
a.
g.
Gular plate nicked.
6j inches.
t.
logical Society.
Madagascar.
Madagascar.
k,
;
/. Adult (stuffed)
;
anal plate very short, very convex.
II.
Walbaum,
1
Adult (animal and shell)
2^ inches.
From the South African Museum.
Osteology
Adult (shell and animal). Margin and shields much
worn.
Gular plate produced, rounded, not nicked
Like
signata,
produced, elongate.
;
13; Syst. Amphib.
t.
7, 8.
f.
Chelonoides Boiei, Fitz. Syst. Rept. 29 (1843).
Geochelone chelonoides Boiei, Fit:. Syst. Schildk. 122.
" T.
biguttata, Cuv.," Fit:.
Hab. Madagascar.
m &
6.
7.
4.
;
T. Madagascariensis, Comm. Mus. Par.
T. calcarata (part.), Merrem, Tent. f. 11.
/.
t.
Hab. Africa
ix.
Test.
;
;
Gray, Syn. t. 3. f. 2, 3.
Gottw. Schildk. t. k. f. 15.
Testudo Boiei, Wagler, Icon. Amphib.
d.
Griffith's A.K.
and animal
25
Cat. Rept. B.M.
Gray, Syn. 12. t. 1. f. 2, 3
Cat. Meth. R.
^- Bib. Erp. Gin. ii. 71
T. armata, Boie, Erp. Jar. MS.
T. bipunctata, Cuv. R. A. ii. 10.
2.
t.
Bib. Erp. Gen. ii. 83
Wagler, Syst. Amphib. t. 6. f. 1,
T. Coui, Baud. R. ii. 2/1. t. 26. f. 2.
Shell
t.
Geochelone pardalis, Fit:. Syst. Schildk. 122.
1, 2.
;
420.
ii.
;
South Africa.
Shell hemispherical
d.
areola of the costal shields near
1, 2.
138.
Bum.
;
nuchal shields none.
;
Testudo Pardahs, Bell, Zool. Journ.
the
Museum.
areola
shields grooved
;
the upper edge
—
10.
The Leopard Tortoise.
Bum.
acutely serrated.
African
From
From
South Africa.
Shields scarcely raised.
South African Museum.
:
Testudo Pardalis.
Shell nearly hemispherical, blackish or yellow, black-
spotted
c.
Osteology
k.
the Zoological
4.
Africa.
Shields rather convex.
Adult.
the South African Museum.
rayed,
From
Madagascar.
Shield black, with very broad yellow rays.
Shell only.
q.
MM.
d.
shell.
Madagascar.
Testudo semiserrata, A. Smith, IHust. S. Afric. Zool.
Gray, Cat. Rept. B.M. 8.
R. 3.
Bum. Cat.
&
(shell only).
(shell only).
Society.
the claws.
6
(shell only).
p. Skeleton and
with six or eight, marginal shield with one or two, broad
black rays ; the fore feet with large tubercular scales above
a.
Young
Very young
i.
discal shield
;
&
g
26.
;
thighs
CATALOGUE OF SHIELD REPTILES.
10
Testudo
Cat. Rept. B.M. 7.
Grmj, Syn. 68
Bib. Erp. Ghi. ii. 74. t. 13. f. 1 ; Cat. MHh.
sulcata,
Bum.
R.
(5-
Males
;
grooved.
5.
Hab. Africa
Abyssinia
;
Cape
;
;
d&
Stuffed.
" Buenos
;
(stuffed)
;
8 inches.
From
Abyssinia.
b.
the
Museum.
o.
Osteology
:
—
Adult (upper
c.
13.
:
Cherseus.
and yellow-varied
;
c.
t.
^- Bib. Erp. G^n.
Pallas.
ii.
49
_;'.
k,
;
Eichw. Zool. Spec.
t.
I.
196
;
In
J.
44.
;
;
1\ inches.
South Europe.
South Europe.
spirits (young).
E. Gray, Esq.
Presented by
Adult (stuffed).
Hinder marginal plates rather produced.
South Europe.
Presented by J. E. Grav,
Osteology
:
—
g. Shell only
;
h\ inches.
South Euro]3e.
5 inches.
South Europe.
.
h.
Shell only
;
E. Gray, Esq.
Testudo Mauritanica,
Presented by
J.
Fauna Casp. Cauc.
43.
Bum. ^ Bib. E. Gen.
ii.
44
i.
Cat. Mith.
;
Shell only
;
7\
Bum.
^'
Bib. Erp. Gen.
South Europe.
inches.
ii.
44.
Presented by
Gen. Th. Hardwicke.
3.
Bonap. Test. Eur. et Amer. 251.
African Land Tortoise, Edw. Birds, t. 204.
T. Zohaffa, Forslmel, F. Arab. 12.
Chersine grjeca, Merrem, Tent. 31.
Testudo terrestris, Gesner, Quad. O. 107, fig. P.aii Quad.
243.
La Tortue grecque, Cuv. R. A. ii. 9.
Testudo (testudo)
Hab. Europe
;
graeca, Fitz. Syst.
North Africa
;
n.
p,
s
Shell only (half-grown).
Shell only (young).
q, r.
&
t.
Skeleton and shell (adult and young).
vary considerably in external appearance.
In some the caudal plate is broader and strongly bent in at
These
the tip
Rept. 29.
;
shells
in others
it is
narrower and
slightly bent out at the tip.
Greece.
flat,
or even sometimes
All the female and young
specimens I have examined have this form
Far. Shell very convex, black, yellow spotted edge of
dorsal shields angular, deeply grooved
shell very blmit
;
;
tail
Presented
Esq.
5?
T. Mauritanica,
R.
ii.
;
Stuffed (young)
not
t.
1
ii.
by Gen. Th. Hardwdcke.
V.
80. f. 1.
Knorr, Del. Nat. ii. t. 52. f.
T. pusilla, Shaw, Zool. iii. 53.
T. Ibera, Pallas 1 Zool. Ross. ii.
Bib. Erp. Gen.
Vertebral shields convex ; caudal plates with
5 inches.
sternum black
South Europe.
Presented by Gen. Th. Hardwicke.
4.
f.
T. Carolina, Herm.
T. geometrica, Briinnich, Adriat. 92.
T. Hermanni, Schneid. 348.
Gmeti)i, Syst. Nat. 1041.
Seba,
Bum. ^
flat,
Sternum black varied ; 7 inches. Some of
the marginal plates wanting.
South Europe.
Cat. Mith. R. 5
;
Caudal plate rather narrow,
Stuffed.
8, 9.
Bum.
;
f. Stuffed.
Testudo Grseca, Linn. Syst. Nat. ii. 552.
Gray, Syn. 13; Cat. Tort. B.M. 9.
Valenc. Expcd. Morea, t. 7. f. 1, t. 9.
Shaw, Zuol. ii. t. 1.
Sc/ioepf. Test.
Presented by J. E. Gray, Esq.
;
shields rather convex, black
nuchal shield distinct.
;
;
Sternum rather concave, black 4^ inches.
South Europe. Presented by Gen. Th. Hardwicke.
Shell only.
Caudal plate entire hinder lateral margin
rather expanded.
South Europe.
a groove
Shell oblong, subglobose
caudal plate entire
Shell only.
T. Mauritanica,
The Tartaruga.
Testudo graeca.
;
caudal with a
Presented by
—
Females 1 and young.
sometimes divided.
European.
;
South Africa.
19 inches.
shell only);
Sternum black varied
South Europe.
South Europe.
Stuffed.
tn.
Osteology
Frankfort
b.
e.
51^ inches.
Ay res."
Young
Sternum flat, black
South Europe.
(stuffed).
5 inches.
groove
J. E. Gray, Esq.
Senegal
;
Adult
a.
T. calcaiata, Schn. Syn.
Bechst. in Lacep. i. 346. t.
T. radiata Seiiegalensis, Gray, Syn. 11.
Schlegel, F. Japan. 74.
T. Schoepfii, RiippeU.
Geochelone sulcata, Fitz. Syst. Schildk. 122.
12.
t.
a.
Caudal plate broad, strongly inflexed, sometimes
1
very short,
;
conical,
blunt.
Body
1
foot
;
tail
1
consider
it
both of these variations
is
often divided
distinct central longitudinal groove,
inch.
sidered as a specific
Cherseus Iberus, Ch. Bonap. Amph. Eur. 271
distinctness in different specimens
Hab.
Iberia, near Tiflis.
—Eichw.
The
as a sexual character only.
character, but
by
;
I
therefore
caudal plate in
a
more or
less
which has been conit
varies
greatly in
some the margins
over the hind limbs are more produced and reflexed than
;
in
CATALOGUE OF SHIELD REPTILES.
in others
This
these appear to pass almost into T. marginata.
;
variet)' is figured
The hinder
by
Schoejpff.
t.
Shell
lobe of the sternum of the female
is
some-
market and eaten on
Rome, where they
are sold in the
fast days.
and T. Zolhafce as va-
T. marginata
Schlegel refers
of T. graca.
panded
;
;
ventricose,
nuchal plate sleuder, long
;
animal blackish
;
limbs
;
Lacep. Q. 0.
campanulata,
5.
t.
f.
Animal and
shell
produced, flat.
Gray, Esq.
Barbary
;
Algeria
ii.
261.
Greece
;
;
Homopus
Hab. South Africa
Caudal plate
(young) 3^ inches.
South Europe. Presented by J. E.
a.
In
b.
Dry, from
;
—
t.
Greece.
4.
f.
2.
spirits
;
\Miat
hand.
is
f.
ii.
182
Cat.
;
2.
South Africa.
spii'its
(very young).
;
;
Isle of
France
?
The Areolated Tortoise.
areolatus.
Shell oblong, depressed, bent
up on the
sides
;
shields
sutures deep, areola sunk, ful-
nuchal shield slender
;
animal pale bromi
The hmder margin
more
very
much
pro-
Collection.
legs
;
or less produced.
— Schlegel, Fer-
l
Schlegel, on the cover of Fauna Japonica, gives the name
of Testudo margaritifera to the figure of a Tortoise with
hair from the base of a very high
hump on
its
2,
3
areolatus.
t.
;
Gray, Syn. 13.
more than an accidental variety
Testudo Forstenii, from Gilolo,
Bum. ^- Bib. Erp. Ghi. ii. 146.
Cat. Meth. R. 6.
Ch-ay, Cat. Tort. B.M. 10.
Testudo areolata, Thunb. N. A. Sued. viii. 180.
f.
of T. greeca, for the hinder lateral margin of the shell of
often
Bib. Erp. Gen.
Cape of Good Hope.
(young).
Homopus
Homopus
12, 15, skull.
Mr. Parry's
It is doubtful if this is
is
shield
;
largely scaly.
Shell only (adult).
that species
sides
t.
vous
duced.
^-
28.
t.
convex, grooved, yellow
:
on the
6.
Fitz. Syst. Rept. 29.
Caret, Sjnx, Cephal.
a.
Dum.
signatus,
2.5.
Osteology
Caf.M.R.6.
Egypt.
Geocheloue rotundata, Fitc. Sijst. Schildk. 122.
Testudo Cherseus marginatus, Fite. Sijst. Schildk. 122.
Cherseus marginatus, TTagler, Syst. 138; Icon. Amphib.
t.
short,
gular plates
black-lined or dotted, areola blackish, sunk.
Bell, Test.
lutraria, Gitiel.
;
4,
uniform large
T. denticulata, var., Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. 1045.
T. cafra. Baud. Rept. ii. 291.
T. pardalis, jun., Schlegel, F. Japon. 73.
Chersine signata, Merrem, Tent. 43.
Testudo Chersobius cafra, Fitz. Syst. Schildk. 122.
Testudo Chersobius signata. Fits. Syst. Schildk. 122.
7.
rotunda, Lacep., Scheuch. Phjs. Sacra,
•
The Speckled Tortoise.
signatus.
Shell oblong, uniformly inclined
flattish, yellow,
3.
2.
Japan.
;
Claws 4
Gray, Syn. 13.
Jf^alb. Chel. 124.
Hab. North Africa
a.
Homopus
1.
Schoepff. 120.
25.
Obs. Zool. 219.
greeca, var., Schlegel, F.
Sternum convex
lobe
Gray, Cat. Tort. B.M. 10.
Testudo signata, jralb. Chel. 71. 120.
t.
Wagler, Amphib.
Herm.
hinder
;
Gray, Cat. Tort. B.M. 10 (1844).
Testudo Homopus, Fit:. Syst. Rept. 29 (1843).
Testudo, sp. Gray, Syn. 13.
Testudo § Chersobius, Fits. Syst. Schildk. 122 (1836).
;
Grffica,
solid
gular plates separate,
Homopus,Di(?«.(J-5t'5.-E'?75.Ge'?j.ii. 145(1 835);
Meth. R.
Testudo marginata, Schoepff. t. 11, 12. f. 1.
Cat. Tort. B.M. 9.
Gray, Syn. 11
Falenc. ExpM. Morea, t. 7. f. 2.
Bum. S,- Bib. Erp. Gen. ii. 37 Cat. Meth. R.
Graii,
2,
Africa.
separate.
hinder edge horizontally ex-
shields black, yellow-varied, grooved, areola small,
largely scaled.
T.
T.
T.
T.
T.
T.
1
Fore-legs covered with
elongate, acute.
The Margined Tortoise.
Testudo marginata.
yellow
sternal shields
;
elongated scales.
In the College of Surgeons there is a very narrow and
the
high variety, with the caudal plate spread out, and
and
reflexed.
dilated
margin
Shell oblong,
Sternum
depressed, solid.
sometimes mobile
pectoral plates narrowed on the inner edge.
Called Tartaruga at
14.
HOMOPUS.
2.
9.
times moveable.
rieties
11
back.
Bell, Test.
Seha, Thes.
Schoepff.
t.
t.
i.
1,
2.
t.
80.
f.
61.
23.
Chersina tetradactyla, Lesson, Bell. Sci. xxv. 119.
Merrem, Tent. 43.
T. fasciata, Baud. R. ii. 294.
T. pusilla. Baud. R. ii. 299.
T. Juvencella, Baud. R. ii. 299.
Le Verniillion, Lacep. Q. O. 1C6.
Testudo Chersobius fasciata, Fitz. Syst. Schildk. 122.
Chersina fasciata. Men-em.
Hab. South Africa
;
Cape of Good Hope,
c 2
15.
CATALOGUE OF SHIELD REPTILES.
12
d.
Animal and
shell
Cape of Good Hope.
(dry).
Mr.
1.
The Angulated Tortoise.
Chersina angulata.
Parzudaki's Collection.
e.
Animal and
shell (stuffed)
truncated.
South Africa.
Shell oblong, ventricose
discal shield very convex,
;
From
the Zoological So-
shields black-grooved, yellow-
;
areola yellow, sunk.
;
Chersina angulata. Gray, Syn. 15. 69.
ciety.
Osteology
b.
varied
:
B.M.
—
Shell only
;
3^
Presented by
Testudo angulata, Dmi. MSS. in Mus. Paris.
Sc/iweiffff. Arch. Koetiigsb. i. 321.
Bell, Test.
Mauritius.
a.
Animal and
c.
Cape of Good
Animal and shell
African
2; Cat. Tort.
1,
Fitz. Syst. Rept. 29.
South Africa.
inches.
J. E. Gray, Esq.
/. Shell only.
t.
11.
Bum.
not good state
3 inches.
(dry)
Hope. Presented by R. Brown, Esq.
shell
;
(stuffed)
;
T.
;
3^ inches.
From
the South
Museum.
Si-
t.
1.
Bib. Erp. Gen
ii.
330
Cat. Meth. R. 5.
;
Gray, Spic. Zool. t. 3. f. 4.
K>iorr, Del. Nat. ii. t. 52. f. 2.
Bellii,
T. flavo-fusca, 3Ius. Berl.
T. pusilla, Linn. Syst. Nat. ii. 353.
T. Graii, Bmn. f Bib. Erp. Gin. ii. 135
Cat. Meth. R. 5.
T. tabulata, var. Africana, Schweigg. Arch. Koenigsb. i. 322.
? T.
sculpta, Brandt, not Spix.
;
Shell hemispherical ; shields pale grooved,
Var. pallida.
areola blackish ; caudal shield broad, incurved.
Homopus
Hah.
n.
areolatus, var. pallida. Gray, Testudinata, 5, ined.
Presented by Robert Brown, Esq.
and marginal
number and form of the
shields
;
the nuchal shield
is
sometimes
angles of the marginal plates.
Animal pale brown-black, strongly toothed head with
small scales and a large six-sided occipital plate
fore-leg
shell
;
Madagascar.
;
worn.
Pale horn-
stufied)
in each areola
;
brown spot
;
7\ inches.
Presented by J. E. Gray, Esq.
b.
Animal (half-grown), not good state 5y inches. Cape
of Good Hope.
Presented by Robert Brown, Esq.
e.
Animal and shell (half-grown), in spirits.
Hope. Mr. Brandt's Collection.
vertebral,
wanting, or reduced to a small triangular scale behind the
Cape of Good Hope
;
Adult (animal and
colour, with a
South Africa.
to vary in the
Apt
a.
Africa.
South Africa.
costal
Hab. South Africa
;
Cape of Good
Testudo sculpta, Brandt, MSS., not Spix.
/ & g.
.\nimal and shell (stuffed).
South Africa.
;
;
with lanceolate tubercular scales
;
tail short,
conical
;
Osteology :—
cheeks
c.
covered with small scales.
Hope.
Testudo cafra and Testudo Juvencella, Daudin, of which
only two very imperfect specimens exist in the Paris MuThe
seum, are probably varieties of one of these species.
first
has fifteen discal and the latter very convex dorsal
plates.
d.
;
(&_;'.
Cape of Good
inches.
4 inches.
(young), solid
Cape of Good
Presented by J. E. Gray, Esq.
Shell only
Hope.
5^
Presented by R. Brown, Esq.
;
Shell only.
Cape of Good Hope.
Schlegel considers Kinixys castanea and
K. Homeana
as
varieties of the species.
3.
CHERSINA,
Thorax convex, very
shields
Shell ouly (half-grown)
1
1,
solid.
Gray.
Sternum
solid
;
inguinal plates moderate.
Palate of skull
;
Claws 5*4.
sternal plates 12
flat.
;
;
;
Dumeril and Bibron and Fitzinger have confounded this
genus with the varieties of Testudo Indica, which have the
gular plates united or apparently so.
Palate of skull flat, very unlike that of true Testudines,
is
very deep, concave.
Thorax convex, hinder lobe becoming mobile, with a
Sternum solid
carious suture over the inguinal plate.
Chersina, Gray, Syn. Rept. 14. 69 (1831)
Grif. A. K.
hi.
Cat. Tort. B.M. 11 (1844).
Testudo et Chersina, Fitz. Syst. Schildk. 122 (1836).
Chersina (Chersina), Fit:. Syst. Rept. 29 (1843).
Testudo (§ iii. part.), Dmn. ^ Bib. Erp. Ghx. ii. 1,51
Cat. Meth. R. 5.
where the palate
KINIXYS.
4.
sternal
the gular pair united into a single produced one
large.
Claws 5
;
•
;
inguinal plates verygular pair separate
4 or 4 4, cyUndrical, blunt
outer front
;
•
;
one small.
Kinixys, Bell, Linn. Trans, xv. Zool. Journ. ii. 514(1828).
Cat. Tort. B.M. 11.
Gray, Syn. 15 (1831)
;
;
Cinixys, Wagler, Syst. 138 (1830).
Fitz. Syst. Rept. 29 (1843);
Syst.
Schildk.
121
(1836).
Cinothorax (Bellianus), Fitz. Syst. Rept. 29 (1843).
In the young the dorsal suture
is
scarcely observable,
but then the genus can be distinguished by the large size
of the inguinal plates
the suture becomes more observable
;
CATALOGUE OF SHIELD REPTILES.
as the animal increases in age, unlike the
Box
savs
it is
the front part that
is
^-
Bib. Erp. Gen.
Wagler by mistake
Museum,
Toung.
of the upper to the front part of the lower or outer edge.
The number of the claws is liable to vary in the same
Kinixys castanea. Bell, Linn. Trans,
Back equally rounded
* Sternum truncated
before and behind ; fifth vertebral
plate evenly convex ; claws 4 4 or 5 4. Cinothorax.
•
Tab.
edge toothed.
;
13, in
t.
ii.
Mus.
Coll.
Surg.
T. erosa, Schweigger.
Hub. West Africa
;
Gambia.
II.
Shell oblong, subquadrate, yellow, brown-rayed, rather
in front, margin nearly entire ; fourth and fifth
a.
shell (with fore feet only)
9i inches. Fore feet
covered with three rows of large, long, triangular scales.
West Africa ; Gambia.
Adult
depressed
nuchal shield elongated.
;
sliields
xviii. t. 18.
Shell depressed, entire
Fery young.
Bell's Kinixys.
vertebral
five
;
Testudo denticulata, Shaw, Zool.
•
.
scarcely raised.
specimen.
vertebral shields equally convex
Cat. Mtth.
;
the
third costal shield is divided obliquely across by a regular
linear suture into two distinct plates, from the hinder part
Kinixys BeUiana.
16.t
;
moveable.
In a very perfect ^young specimen in the
1.
ii.
Testudo angulata (adult), Schlegel, F. Japan. 72.
Kinixys castanea. Bell, Linn. Trans, xv. t. 18.
Testudo erosa, Schn. Arch. Kceniysb. i. 321 (jun.).
T. denticulata, Shaw, Zool. ii. t. 13 (jun.), not Linn.
Cinixys castanea. Fit:. Syst. Rept. 29
Syst. Schildk. 121
Testudo Schopfii, Fits.
annhylosed in the older specimens. Cuvier, having seen
only one specimen (Reff. Anim. ii. 10), considered this
Structure as an accidental deformity, and
Bum.
Cinixys erosa.
R.'e.
Tortoises,
where the moveable lobes of the sternum often become
13
Kiuixvs Belliana, Gray, Syn. 09; Cat. Tort. B.M. 12.
Griffith, A. K. t.
Cinixys Belliana, Bum. ^- Bib. Erp. Gen. ii. 1C8; Cat.
Mkh. R. 6.
Kiuixvs Shoeusis, Riippell, Mas. Senck. t.
Cinothorax Bellianns, Fit:. Si/st. Rejit. 29 (1843).
Cinixys (Cinothorax) belhana. Fit:. Sysf. Schildk. 121
;
Osteology
:
—
Half-grown (shell only) 6 inches. West Africa.
sented by Thomas Bell, Esq.
Kinixvs castanea. Bell, Linn. Trans, xv. t. 18.
b.
c.
Pre-
;
Half-grown
(shell only)
;
West Africa
5 inches.
?
(1836).
Hab. North and West Africa
loupe
a.
?
and ^Mexico
Animal and
Africa?
b.
1)
(naturalized in Guada-
;
*** Sternum
.
concentrically grooved, pale yellow, black-rayed ; areola
brown varied sternum yellow, flat. "Mexico." Mr.
;
Warwick's Collection.
d.
claws 5
'
4
;
fifth
Kinixys Homeana.
3.
Home's Kinixys.
•
.
•
c.
;
vertebral plate produced.
shell.
Claws 5 '4. Yellow, much rubbed.
Presented by Dr. John Edward Gray.
Claws 4 4. Yellow, brownAnimal and shell (adult)
Gambia. Presented by J. Whitfield, Esq.
rayed.
Animal and shell (stuffed). Claws 4 4. Discal shields
slightly notched in front
Very yoimg
distinct,
(in spirits).
The nuchal
the third costal
jjlate
shield short, small,
side divided
Shell oblong, subquadrate, brown, hinder edge reflesed
duced
f.
Bartlett's Collection.
nuchal shield generally
2
;
daloupe
in
front
;
2.
Kinixys erosa.
Shell oblong,
flexed, toothed
;
?)
Osteology
Cinixys.
a.
Eroded Kinixys.
brown (yellow-rayed?), hinder edge refifth vertebral shield equally rouuded
the
;
12 (1845).
t.
b.
;
(naturalized in
Demerara
?
and Gua-
.
claws 5' A; fifth
vertebral plate regularly rounded.
xxii.
Testudo Homeana, Gray, Zool. Misc. 1825.
T. angulata (adult), Schlegel, F. Japon. 72.
Hab. West Africa
** Sternum
deeply notched
distinct.
Cat. Meth. R. 6.
Berthold, Act. Nat. Cur.
Fit:. Syst. Schildk. 121.
;
Mr.
;
Kinixys Homeana, Bell, Linn. Trans, xv. 400. t. 1 7 (1828).
Gray, Syn. 15; Cat. Tort. B.M. 11.
Cinixys Homeana, Bum. l^- Bib. Erp. Gen. ii. 161. t. 14.
on each
the fore-leg with a row
regularly and obliquely across
of triangular s]iines on the inner side, and two or three
Africa.
scattered irregular sjiines on its front part.
;
shield compressed, proup]3er edge of the fifth vertebral
:
—
Shell only
7 inches.
Everard' Home, Bart.
;
Demerara.
Presented by Sir
Shell only.
Cape Coast, West Africa.
Lieut. Matthew C. Friend, R.N.
Presented by
nuchal shield uone.
Kinisys erosa. Gray, Syn. 16
;
Cat. Tort.
B.M.
12.
M.
Schlegel
{Faun. Japon. Chelon. 72)
regards both
CATALOGUE OF SHIELD REPTILES.
14
K. castanea and K. Homeana
angulata
as the adult state of Chersina
Month
t Rostrata.
rostrate
jaiv incased with a horny
;
sheath, not covered ivithjleshy lips.
!
Rostrata, Fit:. Syst. Schildk. 1836.
Ohren Schildkroten, Oken.
Emydoidea, Fit:.
PYXIS.
5.
Fluviales seu Elodites, Diiin.
Shell subglobose, solid.
mobile, the suture below the humeral and pectoral shields.
Animal
Fam.
EMYDID^
II.
(Terrapens).
1
Head
t. 1()
Zool. Journ. ii. .514.
Pyxis, Bell, Linn. Trans, xv.
Cat. Tort. B.M. 12 (1844).
Gray, Syn. Test.
^ Bibron, Erp. G('n. i. 15,5 Cat. Meth. R. G.
Wayler, Sysf. 138.
Testudo § 6 (Pyxis), Fitz. Syst. Sc/iiklJc. 122; Syst.Rept.
U
;
rather depressed, covered with a hard or soft skin
jaws with a naked horny beak
;
retractile into the cavity of the thorax.
expanded
;
toes 5
to the claws
;
29.
sp.,
1.
;
Neck
nostril small, apical.
;
;
BumMl
Testudo,
Bib.
^~
Sternum with the front lobe
•
5
5,
•
Feet depressed,
almost
4,
always webbed
Tail conical, shielded beneath.
4 or 4
claws sharp.
"
Schhgel.
Thorax generally depressed,
Vjn.s arachnoides.
Discal plates 13, marmargin, covered with horny ])lates.
ginal 24-26, caudal always separate ; sternal shields 1 1 or
The vertebrae of the
12, gular pair sometimes united.
Shell hemispherical, yellow and
The Pyxis.
black varied, very va-
neck bent
in a perpendicular
the vertebrae.
riable in colour.
Pyxis arachnoides, Bell, Linn. Trans, xv. t. IC.
Cat. Tort. B.M. 12.
Gray, Syn. Ifi
Fit:. Syst. Rept. 2!).
Bum.^Bib.Erp.Gen.\i.\bC,.\..\A.i.\; Cat.Me't/i. R.6.
P. Madagascariensis, Lesson, Bull. Sci. xxv. 120.
Testudo geometrica, var., Schlegel, F. Japan. 74.
Testudo (Pyxis) arachnoides, Fit:. Syst. Schildk. 122.
Pyxis arachnoidea, Tl^iegm.
Rapid
;
with
solid,
bow.
a
distinct
bony
Pelvis only united to
living in freshwater ponds.
nivorous, eating mollusca, worms, insects and carrion
taking their food while in the water.
Egg
Car;
only
oblong, white.
;
Hah. Madagascar;
Isle
of France.
Mus.
Bell
(two
specimens).
M.
Schlegel {Fatin. Japon. Chelon. 74) regards Pyxis
arachnoides. Bell, as a variety of Testudo geometrica
Emydidce, Gray, Ann. Phil.
210 (1825)
Syn. Rept. 17;
Cat. Tort. B.M. 13.
Bell, Zool. Journ. ii. 514 (1828).
Emydee, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1847, 55; Syn. Rept. 17
(1831).
IJ'iegmann ^- Ruthe, Handb. Zool. 160.
Fit:. Syst. Rept. 29 (1843).
Sivainson, Lard. Cycloj). 344.
Emydina (part.). Gray, Ann. Phil. x. 210 (1825).
Eniydina, Bonap. Tab. .inalyt. 6 (1836).
Terrapene, Bonap. Obserr. Rig. Anim. 153 (1830).
TestudinidK, Testudinina
Vert. 13 (1832).
!
x.
;
Bonaj).
(part.),
Saggio Anim.
(part.), Fit:. Neue Class. (1826).
(Tortues d'eau douce) (part.), Brongn.
Emydoides
Emvs
Institute
("1805).
** Palmata.
Oppel, Rept. (1811).
Cuv. R.A. ii. 10; ed.
Feet palmate
;
toes mobile
;
claws 4 or
5,
elongate, acute (p. 4).
Testudines
lutrariee,
Emys ou
Tortues
PI in.
d'eau
Bronyniart,
Oppel, Rept.
Cuv. R. A. ii. 10.
Elodites ou Tortues paludines, Bmn.
171 ; Cat. Meth. R. 7.
Phyllopodochelones, Rit:en.
Steganopoda, Fit:. Syst. Schildk.
Institute,
^
Bib. Erp. Gen.
ii.
sect., Opipel.
Merrem.
Gynmopodi, Latr.
Digitata (part.),
Phyllopodochelones, Chersydrochelones seu Amydae, et Podocheloncs, Chersochelones seu Dysmydse, Rit:en.
Steganopodes,
TJ^agler.
2.
ii.
10.
ii.
12.
Elodites ou Tortues Paludines (§1. Les Cryptoderes), Bum.
Cat. Meth. R. 7.
Sf Bib. Erp. Gen. ii. 171, 201
Phyllopodochelones (Chersvdrocheloues) (part.), Rit:en,
Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Ciir. xiv. 269 (1828).
Testudines lutrarise, Plin. II. N. xxxii. c. 4.
;
douce,
1805.
Amydse,
Merrem, Tent. 22.
Tortues ii boite, Cuv. R. A.
Podochelones (Dysmyda;) (part.), Rit:en, I. c. 270 (1828).
Chelidridse (part.), Swainson, Lard. Cyclop. 343.
In some, perhaps in
males
is
all
the genera, the head
more strongly clawed
at
of the
and
larger and longer,
the end, and the sternum more
larger and broader, the
tail
former family, than in the females.
Dr. Harlan observes that the females of some species are
concave, as in the
more keeled than the males, but
doubtful, and requires verification.
this
distinction
is
very
CATALOGUE OF SHIELD REPTILES.
Synopsis of the Genera.
Head and
A.
Sternum
a.
tail
solid,
moderate
truncated before and nicked behind, attached
bony symphysis, covered with the end of
to the thorax by a
the pectoral
*
and abdominal
shields ; sternal plates 12
;
Kinosternon.
14.
axil-
and inguinal plates moderate or none.
lary
Sternum divided by two cross sutures; central lobe attached
to the thorax by a bony
symphysis, covered by the end of the
abdominal shields only; sternal plates II or 8; the
axillary
and inguinal plates large. Toes webbed.
c.
sterno-costal suture simple.
;
15.
distinct
;
1 1
;
Sternal plates 11
pectoral broad, four-sided.
Pectoral plates small, short, triangular, lateral, far apart.
Sternal plates 8
Staurotypus.
gular plates united
humeral
;
pectoral triangular.
Aroinoclielys.
Manouria.
.
Sternal plates
and pectoral
16.
1
15
;
gular linear, rudimentary;
gular,
;
humeral and pectoral
united together.
** Pectoral
plates broad, square, close together, side by
side.
Head and
B.
tail very large; sterno-costal
symphysis covered
with one or three peculiar plates.
t Toes strong, free, not %cebbed, cross-shielded above.
2.
Head covered with
Geoemyda.
Toes rather
a thiu hard skin.
'
claws 5 4.
;
tt Toes strong, webbed, cross-shielded above.
3.
Head covered with
Niooria.
a thin hard skin
5.
Geoclemys.
forehead
eyes large,
;
eyes lateral.
Cbelydi-a.
18.
Macroclemys.
horny plates.
on each side.
thin hard skin, rhombic;
Toes strong, shortly webbed.
Head covered with
a thin hard skin, broad, ovate;
eyes subsuperior branches of lower jaw
narrow, covered with the beak. Toes short, strongly webbed.
Emys.
Head depressed, covered with a soft skin.
with a single series of mai'ginal shields.
17.
Head covered with a
flat
forehead convex
6.
;
Toes very short, united.
close together, subsuperior.
4.
Sternum cross-like, acute before; sternal plates 10, with a
broad one on each side, over the sides of the sternum.
a.
short, free
;
;
sternal plates
12;
sterno-
costal suture covered with three or four additional plates.
;
Chrysemys. Head covered with a thin hard skin, oblong;
forehead convex eyes subsuperior. Sternum broad, rounded
before and behind.
Toes strongly webbed.
Head large, high, covered with symmetrical
Shell with a double series of marginal shields
Sternum broad, truncated before
b.
Shell
19.
Platysternon.
Tail cylindrical, shielded.
20.
Dermatemys.
Tail
Shell depressed.
Shell convex.
?
;
ttt Tees
7.
elongate, largely vwbbed. with small scales above.
Pseudemys. Head covered with a thin hard skin, ovate ;
forehead convex eyes subsuperior branches of lower jaw
Toes short, webbed.
dilated, flat, covered with a soft skin.
;
8.
;
Head covered with a thin hard skin, broad, ovate ;
Batagur.
forehead convex eyes subsuperior branches of lower
jaw
narrow. Toes largely webbed.
;
0.
depressed, covered with a soft skin, ovate
forehead convex; eyes subsuperior.
b.
num
forehead flat; eyes lateral. Stervery broad; anterior lobe covered with the gular,
Head
Lutremys.
Sternum broad;
plates,"
and quite
A.
Head and
Emydina
tt Legs with
ovate; forehead convex; eyes subsui)erior.
suture l)etween the two sternal lobes in
tlie
crescentic shields
Head rhombic
very broad
;
forehead
;
toes
(part.),
Cyclemys,
sterno-costal suture simple.
Gray, Ann. Phil.
a.
Sternum
solid,
to
x.
210
(182.")).
8.
truncated before and nicked behind, at-
the thora.v by a bony symphysis
;
sternal
plates 12; axillary and inguinal plates moderate or
none.
Emydina.
Emydidse § A. a, Gray, Cat. Tort. B.M. 13.
Emydina (part.), Gray, Ann. Phil. x. 210.
Clemmvs,
IVagler, Syst. Repf. 137.
Syst. Repf. 29 (1843).
;
* Pectoral
plates small, short, triangular, lateral,
far
apart.
suture.
13.
;
broadly webbed.
eyes lateral. Sternum
anterior lobe partly included in the sterno-costal
;
flat
moderate
;
Fit.:.
Cviora.
tail
free.
the short sterno-costal sutiu'e.
12.
converts the series into a
Emydidse § A, Gray, Cat. Tort. B.M. 13 (1844).
Emys, Gray, Syn. Rejjf. 20.
Dum. ^- Bib. Erp. Gen. ii. 234 Cat. Meth. R.
tached
toes slightly webbed.
Head rhombic;
humeral and pectoral
11.
Toes broadly webbed.
suture, attached to the
thorax by a ligamentous suture, covered
by the end of the
pectoral and abdominal shields ; sternal plates 12; axillary
and inguinal plates very small. Toes webbed.
Cistudo.
Emys
;
Sternum divided by a central cross
t Legs scaly ;
10.
circle.
The genus
Cistudo appears to unite them to the Land Tortoises, while
Chelydra has some affinities with certain of the Chelydce.
non and
;
Head
Malaclemys.
These genera pass gradually one into the other, and the
similarity in the form of the sternum between Platyster-
Head
ovate
;
forehead convex
;
eyes subsujierior.
Sternum rather narrower than the cavity at each end the
cross suture between the two sternal lobes in the middle of
1.
MANOURIA.
;
the long sterno-costal suture.
Animal luiknown.
double,
separate.
Shell rather depressed
Sternum
solid,
broad,
;
caudal plates
produced and
CATALOGUE OF SHIELD REPTILES.
16
slightly nicked in front, with onl}' five pair of broad shields
;
the pectoral shields being short, subtriangular, only occupying the angle between the outer edge of the humeral and
abdominal shields
axillary shields small, inguinal larger
;
** Pectoral
plates broad, square, close together, side by
side.
t Toes strong, free, not webbed, covered with a
;
series
of
plates above.
the areola of the discal shield central.
GEOEMYDA.
2.
The depressed form and
to place this
genus in
divided caudal plate induce
It
Emyda.
me
most resembles Testudo
Gopher in appearance, but is at once known from that speand all the other genera of Testudinid^e, Emydce and
cies
Chelyd(B by the peculiar form of the pectoral plates, which
might he mistaken for a very large inguinal
at first sight
plate, if that ]ilate
were not also present.
In this respect
it
somewhat resembles the genus Khwsternon, but tliere the
plate is only narrow at the inner end and reaches nearly to
the centre of the sternum.
The
plates
among the
not for the regular
division of the caudal and the form of the pectoral plates,
EmyditKB
it
•
;
Hind
curved.
might be regarded
;
Shell depressed, keeled
areola
of dorsal shields posterior, marginal ; hinder edge strongly
Sternum solid, broad, truncated before, nicked
toothed.
Testudo Indica.
;
;
shields six pair, subequal
pectoral shields broad
;
gular plate linear, baud-like, small
This genus
it
as nearly allied to the very variable
foot with a distinct rudimentary clawless
Tail tapering.
fifth toe.
plates small.
its affinity
Chin not
Legs strong, not fringed behind, covered with
large triangular scales. Toes strong, short, free to the base,
covered above by a series of shields
claws 5 4, short,
the plate in this genus shows
and were
forehead
;
Branches of the lower
bearded.
behind
to that family
a thin hard skin, oblong
Eyes subsuperior.
jaw narrow, rounded, covered with the beak.
various genera of Tesfiidinidce have the pectoral
smaller than the others, and perhaps the small
much
size of
Head covered with
rather convex.
The sternum
axillary
;
often concave, like Testudo.
is
from Eniys in the toes being quite
differs
;
and inguinal
free.
Geoemyda, Groy,P)-oe. Zool. Soc. 1834; Cat. Tort. B.M.
"
Geoemys,
Gray," Bonap. Tab. Analyt. 7 (1836).
Emys, sp., Gray, Syn. Rept. 20.
Bum. Si' Bib. Erp. Gen. Cut. Meth. R.
14.
;
Testudo,
1.
Manouria
Brown Manouria.
fusca.
Tab.
sp., Miilter,
Bum.
III.
^-
Chelonura,
Pale brown, nearly uniform.
grooved, with a central areola
lateral
Verhand.
MSS. Cat. Meth. R. 4.
Bonap. Obs. Cuv. R. A. 171 (1836).
Bib.
sp.,
;
Discal shield concentrically
;
the anterior and posterior
margins acute, slightly sinuated and rather bent up
;
the humeral and abdominal plates longer than broad, the
1.
Geoemyda
The Spinose Land Emys.
spinosa.
Shell oblong, subquadrate, keeled, flattened above, chestvertenut-brown, front and hinder edge strongly serrated
;
abdominal very large
;
gular produced, narrowed in front.
Geoemyda spinosa, adult, Cantor, Rept. Malay. Peni/is.
Manouria fusca. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1852, 133 Ann.
Mag. Nat. Jlisf. 'l85,j, xv. 68.
;
1
bral plates broad, first suburceolate
.
^'
Hah. Pinang.
a.
Shell only, in
discal shields
/j.
had
;
"Geoemyda
state,
wanting
many
of the horny
:
Pinang
Illust.
20
spinosa. Gray, Syn.
;
Illust.
Ind. Zool.
t.
.
f
.
1
(young).
Bell, Test. t. 1, young.
Bib. Erp. Gen.
H)-
Cat. Meth. R. 15.
ii. 32"
" E.
bispinosa," Schleyel.
Testudo Emys, G. Midler, Verh. Rept. 34. t. 4 ? (1844)
Bum.
;
;
at a distance
t'j-
Hab. Pinang {Cantor)
from
MSS.
Bib.
;
;
Cat. Meth. R. 4.
Sumatra (MUller)
;
Java (Bu-
miril).
Dr. Cantor's description of the animal
and therefore has no special
;
;
T. Emydoides, Bum.
at
— Cantor.
.
(vertebral plates not keeled).
spinosa. Cantor."
generic character of the genus
genus.
Ind! Zool.
;
liill
Soc. 1834
spinosa, Gray, Proc. Zool.
t.
f. 2
Cat. Tort. B.M. 14.
Geoemvda
Emys
the Zoological Society.
" Found on the
great
water."
;
beneath yellow, brown-rayed. Toung depressed, pale brown,
bluntly keeled, with a distinct spine in the areola of each
front of the sternum acutely notched.
adult. In a bad state
front of the sternum
deformedand worn nearly round. Pinang Hills. From
Dr. Cantor's Collection.
Presented by the Hon. East
India Company.
Shell only
tubercle
posterior, subsuperior areola, with a slight subconic
discal plate.
From
Pinang.
costal plates with a
;
Geoemyda
copied from the
a.
Adult (stuffed)
in this Catalogue,
b.
Young
is
relation to the animal of this
;
8 inches.
(in spirits).
Sumatra.
Sumatra.
seum.
" Testudo
Emys, G. Milller."
From
River Auch.
the Leyden
Mu-
CATALOGUE OF SHIELD REPTILES.
c
and d. Young and adult (stuffed).
Mr. Wallace's Collection.
Pinang, Singapore.
b.
Head and neck brown, with
Fouiiff.
yellow spot on each
small spine in the hinder edge of each areola.
The forehead covered with large, the occiput and the
hinder part of the branches of the lower jaw with smaller,
flat, symmetrical plates, which are more distinct in the
younger specimens.
•ff
Toes short, strong, covered ahove with transverse shields,
united htj a scaly weh to the claws ; claws curved.
3.
Head covered with
—
shell
the
;
;
forehead narrow.
Upper beak very
Legs strong, not fringed beliind, covered
with thick triangular scales, forming a series on the outer
strong, acute.
Africa.
Fauna Japonica, confounds Em^js craswith
E.
sicollis,
Thurgi, E. Reevesii and Cistudo dentata
natural
to
the
same
even
but
do
not
this species,
belong
they
Schlegel, in the
It
genus.
as
appears to be rave on the Continent,
GEOCLEMYS.
Head moderate, covered with a thin hard skin ; forehead
flat
cheeks
Eyes lateral. Chin not bearded.
perpendicular.
lunate scales.
Fore-legs covered with broad
;
covered with
strong,
shields
transverse
only to be seen in the skeleton or in the dry contracted
ends of the pectoral and abdominal plates
Claws
•
Shell depressed, three-keeled
4, curved.
.5
areola of dorsal shield posterior,
Sternum
strongly toothed.
marginal
nicked behind
;
shields six pair, subcqual
broad,
;
gular small
square
rudimentary or wanting.
hinder edge
broad, truncated before,
solid,
;
;
;
axillary
;
pectoral shields
and inguinal plates
Africa.
Sternum
Claws 5
solid,
•
4.
Tail moderate.
broad, truncated
aftixed to the thorax
before,
sp.,
Shell depressed.
nicked behind
axillary
;
and
Brongniart and others.
This genus contains the more terrestrial and solid-shelled
head is more square and
Terrapens with webbed feet ; their
flat-topped than in their
more aquatic congeners
;
skull
and they
have the eyes on the side of the face.
square,
with a broad flat forehead the orbits being placed quite
Spengler's Nicoria.
Nicoria Spengleri.
;
Asiatic and American.
The
1.
short,
slightly
by a bony symphysis, covered by the
inguinal plates moderate, distinct.
Emys,
Toes
above,
webbed.
state.
is
Chelonura serpentina.
Toes very short, united, free just at
Hind
the end, covered above with band-like shields.
foot narrow, with a very obscure rudiment of a fifth toe,
side of the front.
it
wanting in the Paris and Leyden Museums.
Latreille and Prince Bonaparte confound this species with
4.
a thin horny skin
incomplete on the
ossification
entire circumference.
NICORIA.
large, rather close, subsuperior.
Eyes very
:
Half-grown
a large irregular
Costal shield with a
side of the nape.
Osteology
17
is
;
Shell oblong, depressed, pale brown, three-keeled
continuous, distant, black-edged
rated
;
;
olive,
edged.
each side of the neck.
keels
hinder edge deeply ser-
sternum black, yellowred dotted, with a white streak on
vertebral shields quadrate
Animal
;
head and not interrupting the outline of
the forehead, as in the more aquatic Emydes.
on the
side of the
These animals are
;
leave the
essentially aquatic, but often
water for months together.
They
are very
active
and
restless.
Testudo Spengleri, Walb. Berlin Naturf.
Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. 1043.
Spengleri, Baud. R.
Schweiff. Prod. 310.
Merreni,
ph. 23.
Emys
ii.
vi.
122.
t.
3.
*
103.
Back
three-keeled : keels interrupted, nodose.
** Back three-keeled; keels continued.
Am
*** Back one-keeled ; shields radiate, concentrically grooved.
Gray, Syn. 21.
Bum. ^- Bib. Erp. Gen. ii. 308 Cat. Meth. R. 15.
Geoemyda Spengleri, Gray, Proc. Zool. Sac. 1834 ; Cat.
**** Back not
keeled, depressed; shields thin, spotted.
;
Tort.
B.M.
14.
Testudo serrata, Shaw, Zool. iii. 50. t. 9.
T. serpentina, var., Latr. Rept. i. 1G3.
T. tricarinata, Bory, Voy. Isl. Afric. Atlas, t. 37. f. 1.
Chelonura serpentina (part.), Bonaj). Ohs. Cuv. R. A. 171.
*
Back
c.
1.
animal dry (shell lost two scales) ; 3^ inches.
Presented by John Russell Reeves, Esq.
China.
Adult
Adult
;
(in spirits).
From
the Zoological Society.
hinder edge
very broad nodose longitudinal ridge;
entire or subdentate.
Hab. Africa? China.
a.
three-keeled, spotted; areolce rugose, each ivith a
Asiatic.
Geoclemys Hamiltonii.
Hamilton's Emys.
Shell oblong, convex, solid, with three interrupted keels,
shield contoothed behind, black, yellow-rayed
;
slightly
vex,
areola rugose, with a
large
irregular
central
keel
;
CATALOGUE OF SHIELD REPTILES.
sternum keeled on the
Head
sides, black, yellow- varied.
3.
and body black, yellow-spotted.
Emys
Hamiltonii, Gray, Syn.
Bum. ^' Bib. Erp. Gt'n.
21.72; Cat. Tort. B.M. 19.
ii. 316;
Cat. Meth. R. 14.
continuous, yellow, lateral ones arched
broad
E. guttata, B. Hamilton, MSS.
Gray, II lust. Ind. Zool. t. 9. f. 1, not Schweig.
E. Picquotii, Lesson, Belanyer, Joy. 29-1.
Hah. India
a.
Animal
Common
Bengal.
;
(in spirits)
.
Animal
(stuffed).
red
;
marginal plates very broad ; sternum
brown, with a pale streak on each
flat,
side.
sides,
and
spotted
streaked
;
brown
feet
;
keels
vertebral shield
;
toes
keeled
Head
scarcely
webbed.
in ponds.
India; Bengal.
From M.
Picquot's
India; Bengal.
From M.
Picquot's
Seba, Thes. i. t. 79. f. 12.
Cat. Tort. B.M. 19.
Seba, Gray, Syn. Rept. t. 75
E. thermalis, Reyneau, in Lesson, Cent. Zool. 89. t. 29.
Emys trijuga?, Eelaart, Prod. F. Zeylan. 1/7.
Emys
;
Hab. Ceylon.
Collection.
The head
;
on the
Collection.
h.
Seba's Emys.
Geoclemys Seba.
Shell ovate, convex, brown, entire, three-keeled
rhombic
is
the forehead
;
flat,
rather convex
over the eyebrows.
a.
Young,
b.
Young
in spirits.
;
Mr. Cuming's
Ceylon.
rather older than a.
Collection.
Trincomalee.
Presented
by Mr. Edward Gerard.
** Back three-keeled ; heels continued.
Shell oblong, very convex, black (pale
obscurely three-keeled
;
Tab. V.
brown when dead),
and continued
keels distant, lateral
vertebral shields broad, six-sided
;
;
margin entire; the second
pair of sternal shields subtriangular, narrow at the inner
Head
edge ; inguinal and axillary plates large.
and neck yellow-lined.
Emys
black, cheek
Reevesii, Gray, Syn. Rept. 73.
S,- Bib. Erp. 'Gen. ii. 315 ;
Hub. China.
c.
b.
China.
:
Mr.
by
J.
the
refers
this
most
much
It is
Presented by J.
distinct
species
E. Hamiltonii
like
crown
;
flat,
when dry
rather
to
in
convex
smooth, brown, with a few pale dots
;
cheeks with a short broad white line from the middle of
the hinder edge of the orbits.
Tympanum edged with a
white lunate band above
lower beak pale,
eyes lateral
;
brown-varied, with
hinder edge.
a
;
broad
Toes short.
short
The
first
pale streak from
The Engraved Geoclemys.
in front,
hinder edge
radiately and concentrically
grooved, minutely yellow and black dotted, areola small ;
Bartlctt's Collection.
China.
;
Spengleri.
orbits,
Greoclemys pulchella.
black.
Schlegel also
Head rhombic
Feet and legs black, with a few small white
Shell oblong, depressed, keeled
R.
general appearance, but differs in the keel being continued.
over
the neck.
reflexed
nuchal slender
2f inches.
R. Reeves, Esq.
Geoemyda
Presented
—
Shell of adult
M.
a large round white spot behind
;
the hinder angle of the eyelids, commencing a broad, more
or less interrupted streak on the upper part of the side of
slightly
China.
Adult, stuffed.
Osteology
crown, face and chin
4.
;
;
*** Back one-heeled ; shields
radiately and concentrically
North America.
grooved.
Cat. Meth. R. 14.
E. Spengleri, var., Schlegel, Faun. Japon. 51.
Adult, dry
'2J inches.
Reeves, Esq.
;
specks on the front of the legs.
Dxim.
a.
marginal shield with
under side black, with a broad white
edge un each side of the sternum, and a narrow line in
front.
Head black, with symmetrical pale spots on the
a linear marginal spot
Reeves' Emys.
Geoclemys Reevesii.
2.
Shell brown, with three pale keels
Asiatic.
its
vertebral plate broad,
only slightly contracted behind.
The second specimen (Tab. V.) has the same marks,
but they have been rather distorted in the stuffing.
;
;
shields
sternum yellow, areola posterior, marginal,
Animal chestnut-brown.
Emys pulchella, Schweig. Prod. 303
Bum. 4- Bib. Erp. Gen. ii. 251
Gray, Cat. Tort. B.M. 20.
;
(not Schoepff.).
Cat. M('th. R. 9.
E. scabra, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. iv. 204 (not
Linn.).
Testudo insculpta, Leconte, Ann. Lye. N. T. iii. 1 12.
Holbrooh, N. A. Herpet.
Be Kay, 14. t. 4. f. 8.
Emys speciosa. Bell, MSS.
i.
93.
t.
13.
in Gray, Syn. 26 (var. shield
smooth).
Holbrooh, N. A. Herpet. iii. 17. t. 2.
E. inscri[)ta, Mps. Par.
E. JNIuhlenbergii, var., Schlegel, Faun. Japan. 56.
Terrapene scabra, Bonap. Obs. Cur. R. A. 157.
"Testudo scabra," Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 351 (not Gmelin
nor Bona]).).
;
Hab. North America.
a.
Adult (stuffed).
vania.
Female.
North America
;
Pennsyl-
CATALOGUE OF SHIELD REPTILES.
Osteology
:
—
Nortb America
Skeleton of male and female.
b, c.
Penn-
;
sylvania.
The
skull subquadrangular
forehead broad, quite
;
rather raised over the nostrils
sides of the
;
Nose truncated
dicular, flattened.
orbits lateral, not in-
;
temples rather conbranches of the lower jaw narrow, com-
terrupting the outline of the forehead
tracted behind
;
flat,
head perpen-
;
19
Testudo punctata, Schoejjjf. Test. t. 5.
Leconte, Ann. Lye. N. Y. iii. 117.
T. anonyma, Schneid. Schildk. 30.
Gothw. Schildk. f. 15.
T. terrestris amboiuensis, Seba, i. t. 80.
Cyclemys punctata, Tf'ayler, Syst. 137. t. 5. f.
punctata, Merrem, Amph. 24.
Say, Journ. Acad. Philad. iv. 205, 212.
Harlan, A. H. 77.
a.
Adult
b.
Adult (animal dry).
North America.
Shell oval-oblong, smooth, low, slightly keeled, contracted
c.
and concentrically
nuchal
grooved, chestnut, with yellow areola and rays
linear.
Head blackish, with two large, irregular, fulvous,
Adult (stuffed). Broad, depressed;
North America.
d.
Adult
The Two-Spotted
Geoclemys.
sides
;
shields slightly radiately
;
ii. 304
Cat. Meth. R. 12.
Holbrook, N. A. Herpet. i. .59. t. 5 ; ed. 2. i. 45. t. 4.
Be Kay, Zool. xV. York, 17. t. 8. f. 15.
Testudo Muhlenbergii, Schoepff. Test. 132. t. 31.
Leconte, Ann. Lye. N. Y. iv. 205.
Emys biguttata or bipunctata. Say, Journ. Aead. Nat. Sci.
Philad. iv. 205, 212.
Chersina Muhlenbergii, Merrem, Tent. 30.
Terrapene Muhlenbergii, i?ona/j. Obs. Cuv.R.A. 160(1830).
Body
.
Hab. North America, New Jerseyand East Pennsylvania.
From
:
— Fauna Japonica.
keeled, depressed
North America.
Skeleton of adult.
Forehead
Shell ovate, depressed, dilated behind
num
yellow, brown-varied.
Head
;
;
rather rounded in front over the
flattened,
;
nose truncated
;
;
;
;
Head moderate,
curved.
shields smooth,
nuchal linear
yellow-spotted
;
ster-
throat
;
EMYS.
covered with a thin hard skin, oblong
webbed
Tail moderate.
to the claws.
guttata, Schweig. Prod. 309, 433.
Cat. Tort. B.M. 26.
Gray, Syn. 26
Bum. ^- Bib. Erp. Gen. ii. 295 Cat. Meth. R. 12.
Holbrook, N. A. Herpet. ii. 25. t. 4 ed. 2. i. 81 t. 1 1
Be Kay, Zool. New York, 13. t. 6. f. 12.
Testudo guttata, Bechst. in Lact'p. Q. O. i. 310.
Shell depressed.
Sternum
;
Shaw, Zool.
iii. t.
Latr. Rept.
159.
i.
1
.
10.
T. punctata, Schneid. Schildk. 30
ii.
.
t.
W.
22.
by a bou}' symphysis, covered by the ends of the pectoral
and abdominal plates axillary and inguinal plates mode;
sp., Brongniart.
Fleming, Phil. Zool. ii. 270 (1822).
Cat. Tort. B.M. 15.
Gray, Syn. Rept.
IVieyni. S,- Ruthe, Handb. 166.
Bell, Zool. Journ. iii. 515 (1828).
Bum. S,- Bib. Erp. Gen. ii. 230 Cat. Meth. R.
;
Emys
;
Berlin Naturf. x. 264.
4,
broad, truncated before, nicked behind, affixed to the thorax
;
;
•
solid,
Emys,
Emys
;
;
Toes short,
Claws 5
rate, distinct.
yellow-lined.
Baud. R.
the Paris
cheeks perpendicular orbits lateral
lower
temples nearly parallel, scarcely contracted behind
jaw narrow.
nose
scales in front.
legs covered with broad lunate
The Speckled Geoclemys.
black-brown with round yellow spots
From
Collection.
strong, shielded above,
Geoclemys ^ttata.
Presented
Eyes subsuperior. The branches of the
lower jaw narrow, rounded beneath, and covered with the
Fore
Chin not bearded.
hind part of the horny beak.
North America.
6.
North America.
forehead convex.
shields thin, spotted.
;
nume-
the Zoological
Schlegel regards Testudo inscuJpta, Leconte, E. speciosa,
**** Back not
spots
—
5.
!
;
(in spirits).
Society.
Bell, as a variety of this species
narrower, higher
h.
Osteology
/.
spots few, large.
North America.
;
North America.
Spots on back few and large.
Adult (in spirits).
by Dr. J. E. Gray.
;
Adult (stuffed).
(stuffed)
Adidt
f,ff&
JIuhlenbergii, Schweh/. Prod. 310.
Cat Tort. B.M. 20.
Grai/, Si/n. 25
Emys
Bum. ^Bib. Erp. Gen.
Presented by Henry Doubleday, Esq.
(stuffed).
rous.
e.
occipital spots.
a.
6, 7.
Hab. North America.
Geoclemys Muhlenbergii.
on the
7.
Emys
pressed.
5.
f.
Terrapene punctata, Bonap. Obs. Cuv. R. A. 159 (1830).
§ 2,
Clemmys,
Gray, Ann. Phil. x. 210 (1825).
TT'agler.
Fife. Syst. Rept. 29 (1843).
Terrapene, Bonap. Obs. Rig. Anim. 153(1830).
E 2
8.
CATALOGUE OF SHIELD REPTILES.
20
Synopsis of Sections.
*
Back
three-keeled J vertebral plates elongate, subtrigonal.
and
offal,
is
ou
** BacJc three-keeled; vertebral
plates broad, square.
*** Back more or less
one-keeled, often becoming
and New Worlds.
M.
Asiatic.
Old
keelless.
1.
gleri, or
shell-fish
he would not have confounded
vertebral plates elongate, subtrigonal ;
and animal
—
it
with this species.
Asiatic.
Emys
Emys
2.
Asiatic.
The Thick-necked Emys.
crassicoUis.
trijuga.
Shell ovate, oblong, rather convex, black, slightly three-
keeled
;
keels close
;
vertebral plates elongate, six-sided
sides revolute, hinder edge serrated
and keeled on the
sternum
;
Head and neck
sides.
flat,
;
pale,
thick, black.
crassicoUis, Bell, MSS. in Grai/, Sijn. 21. t. 7.
I'llust. hul. Zool. t. 9. f. 2 ; Cat. Tort. B.M. IG.
Emys
f.
3
;
Bib. Erp. Gen. ii. 325 ; Cat. Meth. R. 14.
i^Cantor, Cat. 3.
E. Spengleri, var., Schlegel, F. Japon. 51.
Sumatra and Pinang (Cantor, Cat. 3)
Borneo {Schlegel).
Ilab.
;
margin
;
Batavia,
marginal, posterior, rugose
longer than broad
From
Adult
in spirits).
Sumatra.
the
(stuffed).
Keels on
of sternum yellow.
sides
"
Sternum uniform black.
e.
Half-grown (in spirits).
appearance vertebral
(stuffed).
1, 2.
;
Pondicherry
Shell brown, having a bronzed
—
Shell only
Thomas
/. Adult
Kelaart.
;
long.
Sumatra.
Tab. XXXVIl.
subtrijuga, Mies.
Ceylon.
Toes
on the outer.
pressed, keeled scales
with a series of band-like scales above
;
a few large scales
legs granular, with
on the
webs
short, strong,
Head
the Leyden
side of
margin and edge of
ster-
dorsal keels yellow ; margin of shell not
revolute. Head broad, large ; forehead rather convex,
From the Vienna Museum.
India.
male?).
black
;
Emvs Hermanni," Schw.
scaly.
throat
is
;
sides
;
forehead
Mus. Vienna.
flat,
rather convex over the
of the face slightly shelving
temples rather convex
;
orbits large,
;
cheeks and
sUghtly intruding on
the outline of the forehead.
Hind
3.
in Pinang, inhabiting rivulets
The
orbits
?
on the outer, and
small close ones on the inner margin.
ponds
From
(a
Presented by Dr.
inner side of the front, and a row of large, triangular, com-
numerous
revolute.
Leyden."
Under
Adult skeleton.
Skull depressed
are
at
Collection.
Emys
Presented by
large, irregular, transverse plates
in the valleys.
ponds
2, skulls.
Margin of shell
narrow, rather small (a female?).
"
"
(very old).
Fore legs with
f.
Adult skeleton.
c.
num
Bell, Esq.
shell
;
;
Osteology.
b.
A\ inches
Bengal
Under side of marginal
(animal and shell).
and edge of sternum 3ellow dorsal keels black.
Compared with the specimens iu the Paris ^luseuni.
Presented by Dr. J. E. Gray.
;
:
;
Adult
a.
India.
Head brown,
with a white spot over and rather before each eye, on
the side of the chin, and on each side of the nape,
surrounding the back edge of the tympanum, and ina small white
distinctly continued across the throat
Sustreak on the middle of the black tympanum.
matra.
Mr. Bartlett's Collection.
"They
Malabar
;
Calcutta.
jjlates distorted.
;
Osteology
;
shield
Adult
;
trijuga,
Dum.\
India.
d.
sides,
with a yellow streak over each eye
Schweig. Prod. 310.
Bib. Erp. Gen. ii. 310
Cat. Meth. R. 15.
Gray, Cat. Tort. B.M. 16.
E. Belangeri, Lesson, Voij. Ind. 291, young.
Testudo scabra, Shaw, Zool. iii. 55, from Seba, i. 1 26. t. 79.
Emys
f.
Leyden Museum.
others six-sided, rather
;
sternum rather convex on the
;
Head brown,
Hub. India
shell (half-grown;
shields rugose, areola
;
vertebral plate five-sided,
first
;
;
Tab. IV.
keels rather in-
beaks yellow-varied.
;
Animal and
slightly toothed
keeled, rather narrower behind
blackish.
Bum.
Java {Quoy)
The Three-keeled Emys.
Shell convex, oval, brown, three-keeled
terrupted
a.
upon
by the angler with the hook."
** Back three-keeled ; vertebral
plates broad, square.
Back three-keeled;
ridge ; hinder edge suhdentate or entire.
c.
also
Schlegel could never have observed Nicoria Spen-
areola of discal shields tvith a narrow longitudinal
b.
and
frogs,
often taken
Cantor.
Asiatic.
*
It feeds
age.
whitish,
and
and a small
white spot appears on each side of the occiput ; the vertebral keels and the lateral spines become obhterated with
Emys
nigricans.
The Blackish Emys.
Tab. VI.
Shell ovate, oblong, rather convex, revolute on the sides
and
slightly toothed behind, brown, shghtly three-keeled,
the central keel prominent, blunt, interrupted in front and
contiimed behind, the lateral keels far apart, indistinct
CATALOGUE OF SHIELD REPTILES.
and interrupted
shield radiately striated, blackish-rayed
;
of vertebral
areola
side
black
inguinal
neck with three or four yellow
;
convex
large.
lines
less one-keeled, often becoming keelless ;
areola of costal plates simple; hinder edge entire or
on the side
;
nearly
so.
Asiatic.
t
nigricans. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834; Cat. Tort.
B.M.
5.
18.
Emys
ish, rather toothed behind
a.
China
Adult (stuffed).
?
From
the Zoological Society.
Young animal (dry, from spirits) 2^ inches long.
China Canton. Presented by the Hon. East India
Company. From Dr. Cantor's Collection.
;
;
mutica. Cantor, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1842
tort. B.M. 18.
Emys
Osteology
b.
:
Grai/, Cat.
;
;
margin yellow-
vertebral plates,
;
first
broader behind, second and third broad, six-sided
quadrate,
;
sternum
Head olive, with a broad
olive, sUghtly keeled on the sides.
over
the eyebrows, along the
band
from
the
nostrils,
yellow
neck
side of the
;
feet oUve, yellow-spotted.
Emys Thurgii, Gray, Syn. 22. 72; Cat. Tort. B.M. 17.
Bum. |- Bib. Erp. Gere. ii. 318 Cat. Meth. R. 14.
Testudo Thurgii, B. Hamilton, MSS. cop. Gray, Illust.
;
—
Shell and head (dry), margin broken
;
2\ inches.
China.
Presented by J. R. Reeves, Esq.
of the dry specimen uniform brown, showing no
Forehead rather convex.
appearance of any pale marks.
Head
Eyes subsuperior.
The head covered with a thin skin
neck granular
;
;
the
fore legs with two series of broad band-like shields on the
inner and a series of narrower longer shields on the outer
Toes covered with
hid. Zool.
t.
flavo-nigra. Lesson, Bull. Sci. xxv. 12,
Emys
and Belanger,
toy. 22.
Dr. Cantor's specimens of E. mutica only differ from the
Museum in the plates being worn.
larger specimen in the
side.
The Thurgi.
Thurgii.
Shell oblong, rather convex, olive-brown
Hab. Chiua.
c.
forehead rather
;
*** Back more or
Animal
chin and throat yellow, black-varied.
Emys
elongate
eyes subsuperior.
;
;
;
moderate,
plate
axillar}-
;
;
Head
Toes broadly webbed.
;
of costal
nuchal plate none margin
sternum convex, rounded on the
plates superior, submarginal
yellow-spotted beneath
marginal,
posterior,
plates
21
scales with
a broad web, and
E. Spengleri, var., ScMegel, Faun. Japan. 51.
Hab.
India, Bengal
Pinang (Cawdor).
;
under
Blackish-brown ;
(stuffed) ; 13 mches.
side of marginal plate yellow-edged.
India, Bengal.
From yi. Picquot's Collection.
a.
Adult
b.
Young
the hinder edge
Shell keeled
.5 inches.
(dry)
of the second and third vertebral jilates subnodose
the middle of the vertebral and the upper part of the
lateral costal shields and the hinder costal shield black;
;
;
ish
the marginal shields pale-edged.
;
India, Bengal.
with three or four band-like scales above near the claws.
Claws black, curved
;
Allied to the
the hinder stronger.
genus Batagur.
which he has not
Schlegel also refers this species,
has
not the shghtest
It
seen, to Geoemyda Spengleri.
M.
affinity to
it,
The head
4.
Emys
sinensis.
The Chinese Emys.
speckled
;
shields smooth, with a central
first
orange streak
forehead rather convex
Emys
6.
BeaUi.
;
in front,
;
and neck
with narrow yellow lines.
olive,
Emys sinensis. Gray,
B.M. 17.
Hab. China
a.
;
Adult
;
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834
Cat. Tort.
(stuffed)
;
4 inches long.
;
Beale's Emys.
eyes rather
edge rather expanded, entire
Head
Presented by
Tab. VIII.
solid, rather convex, olive, black-
;
sternum rather
;
vertebral shields transverse,
paler,
yellowish, black-spotted
;
black-spotted and lined.
chin and cheek yellow-
neck scarletocciput with two large eyed spots
on the upper side.
lined, with three broader distant streaks
;
;
Gray, P/-oc.2oo/. Soc. 1834; Cat.Torf.B.M.XT.
Cat. Mtth. /J. 14.
Bib. Erp. Gm. ii. 325
S,Cistudo? Bealii, Gray, Syn. 71.
Bealii,
Bum.
China.
;
front of legs with broad lunate
back slightly contracted and keeled behind, hinder
;
six-sided
Emys
Canton.
John Reeves, Esq.
Shell ovate, oblong,
dotted
marked
;
!
;
and expanded over the leg behind, beneath
with
an
oval, rather posterior, black-edged olive
yellow,
sternum high, slightly keeled on the sides. Head
spot
lute
ovate
ten times the size
Toes broadly webbed.
scales.
narrowest, as long as
areola of vertebral plates ])osterior, marginal, of
costal subcentral, subposterior ; margin entire, rather revo-
broad
is
close together, subsuperior
Shell ovate, convex, slightly three-keeled, olive, black-
vertebral shields broad, six-sided,
and
Hab. China
;
(Reeves).
