Bulletins of American paleontology (Bull. Am. paleontol.) Vol 1349501927

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BULLETINS
AMERICAN

'^-^-

'

JjjJJS;-

PALEONTOLOGY

VOL.

XTII

1927

Harris Co.
Ithaca, N. Y.

U. S. A.



CONTENTS OF VOLUME XIII.

Bulletin no.
4-9 •- Some Venezuelan, and Caribbean raollusks. ByFloyd Hodson and Helen K.Hodson and Gilbert D.Harris.
50. -Some early Tertiary Rhinoceroses and Hyracodonts. By Horace Elmer V^ood 2nd.

Pages

160

165-269



x^

AUG 2

^^%^i^^^^

OF

AMERICAN PAlvEONTOI^OGY
Vol. 13

49

No.

SOME VENEZUELAN AND CARIBBEAN MOLLUSKS
BY

FLOYD HODSON and HELEN

K.

AND
GILBERT. D. HARRIS

October

7,

ig2j

Harris Co.
Ithaca,

1937

N. Y.

U. S. A.

HODSON



INTRODUCTION
The collections upon which this article is based were
made in Venezuela for an American company. Only desand general ages
can be given at present, but later, when the interests of the
company permit, we hope to publish definite localities and
stratigraphic ranges for the species.
criptions of species with general localities

The

species referred to "Williston

MS."

in the text are

adapted from the unpublished manuscript of Mr. S. H.
Williston, formerly with the Venezuelan Sun Company.
Mr. Williston's manuscript consists of descriptions and
figures of specimens collected in the State of Falcon, Venezuela, and was written at Cornell University in the summer
of 1923.
Where his specimens have been figured in the
plates, acknowledgment is made.
Acknowledgments are due especially to Dr. Katherine
Van Winkle Palmer and Dr. Pearl G. Sheldon for their
help in sorting the Veneroids and Areas, respectively, and
in comparing them with described forms.

Published by permission of the
Standard Oil Company (New Jersey)


Bulletin 49

vi

vi

CONTENTS
Page
Introduction
Description of Species

i"
1

-

Parallelodontidse
Cuculljea perijana, F. and H. Hodson, n. sp
Pseudocucullsea perijana Harris, F. and H. Hodson,
Arcidse
:••.•.
Area (Area) occidentalis Philippi
Area umbonala pjezensis H. K. Hodson, n. subsp
Area (Ncetia) macdonaldi Dall
Area (Scapharea) wiedenmayeri H. K. Hodson, n. sp
Area (Scapharea) zuliana H. K. Hodson, n. sp
Area zuliana maracaibensis H. K. Hodson, n. subsp
Area (Scapharea) weeksi H. K. Hodson, n. sp
Area (Scapharea) berjadinensis H. K. Hodson, n. sp

n.

sp.

grandis waringi Maury

(Scapharea) saladilloensis H. K. Hodson, n. sp
(Scapharea) vueltana H. K. Hodson, n. sp
vueltana faleonensis H. K. Hodson, n. subsp
(Scapharea) buenavistana H. K. Hodson, n. sp
veatchi matarucana H. K. Hodson, n. subsp
(Scapharea) mirandana H. K. Hodson, n. sp
(Scapharea) tirantensis H. K. Hodson, n. sp
(Scapharea) eornellana H. K. Hodson, n. sp
(Scapharea) aetinophora Dall
(Scapharea) lienosa Say
(Scapharea) tamarana H. K. Hodson, n. sp
(Scapharea) democraciana H. K. Hodson, n. sp
Glyeymeris canalis Brown and Pilsbry
Glyeymeris canalis lloydsmithi Pilsbry and Brown
Glyeymeris canalis trilobieosta Pilsbry and Brown
Glyeymeris canalis democraciana F. and H. Hodson, n. subsp.
Glyeymeris tumefacta lavelensis F. Hodson, n. subsp

Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area

Area

Ostreidse

Ostrea
Ostrea
Ostrea
Ostrea
Ostrea
Ostrea
Ostrea
Ostrea

wiedenmayeri F. Hodson, n. sp
tacalensis F. Hodson, n. sp
democraciana F. Hodson, n. sp
democraciana chiriguarana F. Hodson, n. subsp
democraciana eujiensis F. Hodson, n. subsp
gatunensis aguaclarensis F. Hodson, n. subsp
virginica Gmelin
virginica faleonensis F. Hodson, n. subsp

PectinidEe

Pecten
Pecten
Pecten
Pecten
Pecten
Pecten

Pecten
Pecten

soror urumaconis Harris, n. subsp
soror eodercola Harris, n. subsp

gatunensis Toula
macdonaldi Olsson
cireularis venezuelanus F. and H. Hodson, n. subsp.
cireularis eornellanus F. and H. Hodson, n. subsp
cireularis eaucanus F. and H. Hodson, n. subsp
{ajf. Plagioctenium) gilbertharrisi F. and H. Hod-

?
2
3
3
3
4
5
5

6

7
8
9
9

10

10
11
11
12
12
13
14
14
15
16
16
17
17
18
18
19
19
20
20
21
21
22
22
22
23

24
25
25
26

27

28

son, n. sp.

Pecten gilbertharrisi democracianus F.

1
1
1

and H. Hodson,


Venezuela Mollusca

vii

vii

Page
subsp
Pecten interlineatus aidei (Williston MS.) Harris, n. subsp.
Pecten (Chlamys) buchivacoanus F. and H. Hodson, n. sp.
Pecten buchivacoanus maracaibensis i?'. and H. Hodson,
n. subsp
Pecten buchivacoanus falconensis if', and H. Hodson, n.
subsp
Pecten (JDquipecten) effossus Brown and Pilsbry

Pecten (aff. ^quipecten) quirosensis Harris, n. sp
Pecten {ajf. Nodipecten) coiinensis F. and H. Hodson, n.
n.

sp

.

Pecten coderensis (Williston MS.) Harris, n. sp
Pecten coderensis w^illistoni Harris, F. and H. Hodson,
n. subsp
Pecten antiguensis churuguarensis F. and H. Hodson,
n. subsp
Pecten (Amusium) aguaclarensis F. and H. Hodson, n. sp.
Pecten (Amusium) luna Brown and Pilsbry
Pecten (Amusium) mortoni Ravenel
Pecten (Amusium) zamorensis F. and H. Hodson, n. sp
Spondylidje
Plicatula densata Conrad
Plicatula densata democraciana F. and H. Hodson, n. subsp.
Spondylus falconensis Harris, n. sp

Spondylus carmenensis F. Hodson,

n. sp

Anomiidffi

Anomia gabbi falconensis F. Hodson, n. subsp
Anomia palmasensis F. Hodson, n. sp

Anomia venezuelana Harris, n. sp
Pholadomyacidse

Pholadomya falconensis F. and H. Hodson, n. sp
Crassatellitidfe
Crassatellites aviaguensis F. Hodson, n. sp
Crassatellites trinitarius venezuelanus F. Hodson, n. subsp.
Carditidsfi
Venericardia zuliana F. Hodson, n. sp
Venericardia zuliana weeksi F. Hodson, n. sub;p
Venericardia zuliana maracaibensis (Williston MS.) F. Hodson, n. subsp
Venericardia quirosana F. Hodson, n. cp
Venericardia quirosana venezuelana F. Hodson, n. subsp
Venericardia bowdenensis F. Hodson, n. sp
Venericardia olssoni F. Hodson, n. sp
Chamidae

Chama buchivacoana F. Hodson, n.
Chama quirosana F. Hodson, n. sp
Chama berjadinensis F. Hodson, n.

sp
_

30
31
31
32
33
34

35
35
36
37
38
38
39
39
40
41
42
42
42
43
44
44
45
45
45
46
46
47

47
47
48
49
49
50
50

50
51

sp

Veneridse
Dosinia elegans venezuelana H. K. Hodson, n. subsp
Clementia dariena (Conrad)
Macrocallista maculata (Linne)
Pitaria (Gilbertharrisella) lynei F. and H. Hodson,
Pitaria (Pitaria) quirosana H. K. Hodson, n. sp
Pitaria (Pitaria) coiinensis H. K. Hodson, a. sp

28
29
29

n.

sp.

52
52
52
54
55
55
56

Bulletin 49

viii

viii

Page
Pitaria
Pitaria
Pitaria
Pitaria
Pitaria

(Pitaria) paraguanensis H. K. Hodson, n. sp
(Pitaria^ buenc.ViSta H. K. Hodson, n. sp

buenavistana coroana H. K. Hodson, n. subsp
(Hyphantosoma) mirandana H. K. Hodson, n. sp
carbasea lavelana H. K. Hodson, n. subsp
Antigona palmerse H. K. Hodson, n. sp
Cyclinella falconensis H. K. Hodson, n. sp
Cyclinella venezuelana H. K. Hodson, n. sp
Chione (Chione) montaiiitensis H. K. Hodson, n. sp
Chione (Chione) buchivacoana H. K. Hodson, n. sp
Chione (Chione) cancellata (Linne)
Chione (Chione) paraguanensis H. K. Hodson, n. sp
Chione (Lirophora) quirosensis H. K. Hodson, n. sp
Chione quirosensis quaralana H. K. Hodson, n. subsp
Chione (Lirophora) cartagenensis H. K. Hodson, n. sp
Chione (Lirophora) falconensis H. K. Hodson, n. sp

Chione (Lirophora) matarucana H. K. Hodson, n. sp
Chione (Lirophora) wiedenmayeri H. K. Hodson, n. sp
Chione (Lirophora) buenavistana H. K. Hodson, n. sp
Solariidje

Architectonica granulata

(Lamarck)

Naticidffi

Sinum quirosanum F. Hodson, n. sp
Natica guppiana Toula
Natica canrena (Linne) Morch
Natica precanrena F. Hodson, n. sp
:
Polinices subclausa (Sowerby)
Polinices subclausa lavelana F. Hodson, n. subsp
Polinices subporcana (Williston MS.), n. sp
Polinices stanislaus-meunieri venezuelana F. Hodson, n.
subsp
Polinices (Neverita) paraguanensis F. Hodson, n. sp
Polinices paraguanensis quirosana F. Hodson, n. subsp
Polinices paraguanensis buchivacoana F. Hodson, n. subsp.
Ampullina (?) santiagana F. Hodson, n. sp
Vermiculariidze

Petaloconchus sculpturatus domingensis Sowerby
Marginellidse

Marginalia
Marginella
Marginella
Marginella
Marginella
Marginella
Marginella
Marginella
Marginella
Marginella
Marginella
Marginella
Turritellidse

saladilloensis F. Hodson, n. sp
quirosensis F. Hodson, n. sp
quirosensis paraguanensis F. Hodson, n. subsp.
berjadinensis F. Hodson, n. sp
gatunensis colinensis F. Hodson, n. subsp
democraciana F. Hodson, n. sp
(Persicula) venezuelana F. Hodson, n. sp
venezuelana lavelana F. Hodson, n. subsp
venezuelana falconensis F. Hodson, n. subsp
(Persicula) maracaibensis F. Hodson, n. sp
(Persicula) zuliana F. Hodson, n. sp
(Persicula) mirandana F. Hodson, n. sp
;

Turritella zuliana palmerse F. Hodson
Description of Plates

06
57
57
57
58
58
59
59
60
61
61
62
62
63
63
63
64
64
65
66
66
67
67
67
68
68
69
69
70

70
71
71
71
72
72
72
73
73
74
75
75
76
76
77
78
78
78
79
79
80
80
81


Addenda and Corrigenda for Bulletin

No. 49

Page

oi)

49

for buenavista read buenavistana
for quaralana read queralana
for Stanislaus read Stanislas
for parijana read perijana
for Ter, read Ter.
for umbonta read umbonata
for localitly read locality
after 70 A, insert 74
insert a comma after fig. 1
place line 24 after line 36
for very round read very rotund
for District read Districts
for Fulcon read Falcon
fftr bifurcase read bifurcate
for antinophora read actinophora
for trilobicostata read trilobicosta
for trilobicostata read trilobicosta
for trilobicostata read trilobicosta
for trilobicostata read trilobicosta
for trilobicostata read trilobicosta
for th especies read the species
after locality numbers insert 6,
for carrry read carry
after oblique add a semicolon and the following line "tha
posterior teeth (about 9 in number) are oblique"

for Eocene-Oligocene read Eocene
for The Ostrea read This Ostrea
for 188 read 288
for Ages read Age:
for pinches read pinched
for 1188 read 188
for 2027 read 1027
for defferently read differently
for 20 read 30
for 155 read 255
for spaces read spaced
for 236 read 235
for elevate read elevated
after 1054, insert 1056,
for uncommon read common
for ? Plicatula densata democraciana F. and H. Hodscn
read Plicatula densata democraciana F. and H. Hodson
for porceUous read porcelaneous


Page
41

Line


Page

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES
Class

Family

PELECYPODA

Goldfuss

PARALLELODONTIDi^E

Genus

CUCULUEA

Dall

Lamarck

Cucullaea perijana F. and H. Hodson, n. sp.

PI. 1, figs. 1, 3, 5.

Shell small, subquadrate, very inflated, higher than long,
not produced posteriorly. The beaks are high, incurved over

the narrow, short, ligamental area, M^hich is somewhat
wider behind the beaks the ligamental area shows faint
grooves parallel to the hinge line. The posterior part of
the beaks is flattened and continuous with the flattened

posterior end of the shell; the projection of the hinge line
The anterior
into the flattened end forms an elevation.
ends of the valves are rounded. Both valves are orna;

mented with

close-set concentric lines crossed

by radials

of about equal prominence; microscopically, the sculpture
The superior edge of the hinge is
is closely recticulate.
straight and practically at right angles with the almost
vertical anterior and posterior margins; the ventral margin is almost parallel to the hinge line. The central part of
the hinge line is slightly narrower and carries short, closeToward the ends of the hinge
set, vertical, taxodont teeth.
The muscle
line, the teeth become increasingly oblique.
scars are large, rounded, and impressed.
Age: Upper Cretaceous.
Locality:
District of Perija, State of Zulia, locality

number 2220.
Genus PSEUDOCUCULLJEA Solger
Pseudocucullaea parijana Harris, F. and H. Hodson, n.

PL

1,

fig.

sp.

4; pi. 2, figs. 1, 3, 4; pi. 3,

fig.

1.

Shell rather large, produced posteriorly and slightly
gaping anteriorly. The cardinal area is marked by chevronshaped grooves. The hinge plate is curved and rather
heavy. The dentition consists of an anterior series of 3 or

4 parallel teeth elongated in the direction of the hinge plate
series, under the

and separated from a central taxodont


Bulletin 49

beak, by a smooth area near the anterior third of the hinge.
central taxodont series forms the central part of the

Thp

composed of teeth about vertical to
plate; these become more
toward each end this series terminates anteriorly
in front of the beak and posteriorly grades into the
hinge,

and

rection

is

of the hinge
;

the dioblique

a

little

poster-

In the right valve, the posterior laterals consist of one strong lateral, with a smaller, lamellar, parallel one above it, and a shorter, strong, parallel, interior
ior laterals.

lateral near the

The sculpture consists of
crossed by fainter radials.

muscle scar.

close-set concentric lines,

Upper Cretaceous.

Age:

Locality:

of

Perija,

Family

ARCIDiE

District

State of Zulia, locality

number 2220.
Genus

As the subgenera

ARCA

Da!I

Linne

Area intergrade very

closely, they
have been considered here as of only subgeneric rather than

of

of generic rank.
Subg'enus

ARCA

s. s-

Area (Area) occidentalis PMlippi
Area occidentalis Philippi, 1847, Abbild.

u. Beschr., 3, p. 14, pi. 17b,
4 a-c.
Area occidentalis Philippi, Dall, 1898, Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci.
Philadelphia, vol. 3, pt. 4, p. 620.
Area occidentalis Philippi, Sheldon, 1916, Paleont. Amer., vol. 1, p. 8.
pi. 1, figs. 8-11.
A7-ca occidentalis Philippi, Maury, 1917, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 5
p. 327, pi. 55, fig. 3.
Area occidentalis Philippi, Olsson, 1922, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 9,

no. 39, pp. 181-182, pi. 22, fig. 1.
Area occidentalis Philippi, Maury, 1925, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 10,
no. 42, pp. 34-35, pi. 1, figs. 1, 2.
Area occidentalis Philippi, Woodring, 1925, Carnegie Inst, of Washington, publication number 366, pp. 29-30, pi. 2, figs. 8, 9.
fig.

not an abundant fossil species in Venezuela.
Miocene-Recent.
Locality:
Districts of Colina, Democracia and Falcon,
State of Falcon
Ter, Delta Amacuro recent along the
Falcon coast; locality numbers 185, 1033, 1131, 1504, 1818.

This

is

Age:

;

;


Venezuela Mollusca
Area umbonata

psezensls H. K. Hodson, n. subsp.

In the Quaternary, along with A.

PI. 1, fig. 7.

umbonta Lamarck,

is

a larger form which seems to be a subspecies. It is not
only larger, but has many fine riblets between the main
longitudinal ribs, especially on the anterior.
Age: Quaternary.
Locality:

number

District

of

Paez,

State

of

Zulia, locality

526.
Stibgenus

Area (Noetia) macdonaldi Dall
Area (Ncetia) macdonaldi Dall,

NOETIA

Gray

1912, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Col-

lections, vol. 59, no. 2, p. 9.

Area MacDonaldi
Area

Dall, Olsson, 1922, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 9, no. 39,
pp. 194-195, pi. 25, figs. 4-5.
(Ncetia) macdonaldi Dall, 1925, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 60,
p. 5, pi. 17, fig. 9.

The specimens from Venezuela are very poorly preserved the shells are broken and frequently replaced and
thickened with gypsum. They are apparently specifically
identical to the Costa Rican form; they show an area of
variable width as mentioned by Olsson, and have much the
same trigonal shape as shown by Ball's figure of the type.
Two of our specimens from Gatun seem typical of the
species and almost identical with Ball's figure.
Age: Miocene.
Locality:
Bistrict of Bemocracia, State of Falcon,

locality numbers 1792, 2255, 2267 Gatun Spillway, Gatun,
;

;

C. Z.

Subgenus
Section

SCAPHARCA
SCAPHARCA

Gray
s.

s.

Area (Scapharca) wiedenmayeri H. K. Hodson,

The

shell is

n. sp.

PI. 1, figS. 2, 6.

rather rectangular, inflated, only slightly

produced posteriorly. It is ornamented with about 32 ribs,
which are about equal in width to the interspaces. The
ribs of the right valve are slightly narrower and smoother
than those of the left the ribs of both valves are somewhat
narrower in the center. On the left valve, the ribs are
;


Bulletin 49

rather strongly nodose and bifurcate posteriorly, they become less noded and carry secondary longitudinal lines.
The beaks are full, medially sulcate, situated at about the
anterior fourth of the shell. The cardinal area is lanceo;

and bears about three lozenge-shaped grooves. The
and interior cannot be seen as all of the specimens
consist of two valves fastened together.
Named in honor of Dr. C. Wiedenmayer, who collected

late

teeth

the material.

Age:

Oligocene.

Locality:

cality

District of Buchivacoa, State of Falcon, lo-

number 2447.

Area (Scapharca) zuliana H. K. Hodson, n. sp. PI. 4, figs. 7, 8, 10.
The shell is small, high, so tumid that a whole shell of
two valves is about as thick as long, flattened behind the
beaks, slightly produced posteriorly.

The beaks are med-

about the antewhole length of the shell. There are 3641 undivided ribs, crossed by growth lines which ornament
them with knobs; the interspaces are wider than the ribs.
The ribs of the rig-ht valve are narrower than those of the
left, and separated by wider interspaces.
The internal
margin is deeply fluted in harmony with the external ribbing. The ligamental area extends slightly more than half
the length of the shell, and bears about 5 chevron-shaped
grooves. The teeth are vertical, straight, and arranged in
an almost uninterrupted series with about 20 anterior and

ially sulcate, posteriorly keeled, situated at

rior fourth of the

28 posterior.

The adults are easily distinguished from other species

by being proportionately higher, flattened posteriorly, and

From A. zuliana maracaibensis (n. subsp.),
distinguished by its longer teeth, somewhat shorter

very tumid.
it

is

hinge line and less produced posterior.
Age: Oligocene-Miocene.
Locality:
District of Miranda, State of Zulia; District
of Buchivacoa, State of Falcon; locality numbers 6, 2040
(cf.).


Venezuela Mollusca

Area znliana maracaibensis H, K. Hodson,

This

subspecies

n.

subsp.

distinguished

is

PI. 4, figs. 9, 11.

from A.

zuliana

by being more produced posteriorly and having a
somewhat longer hinge line. The teeth are fewer, shorter,
somew^hat bent, more widely spaced the series is narrower
There are all interat the center and wider at the ends.
gradations between the species and subspecies.
(n. sp.)

;

Age:

Oligocene-Miocene.

Locality:

District of Miranda, State of Zulia; District

of Acosta, State of Falcon

;

locality

Area (Scapharea) weeksi H. K. Hodson,

numbers
n. sp.

6,

1415.

PI. 4, figs. 4, 6.

The shell is high, small, inflated, ornamented with about
32 ribs. On the right valve, these ribs are a little wider
than the interspaces and are knobbed. On the left valve,
the ribs are noded only on the anterior and are about equal
in width to the interspaces.
The beaks are inflated and
situated a little in front of the anterior fourth of the shell.
The cardinal area is not large and carries about 2 chevronshaped grooves. The teeth are long, close-set, and arranged
in a scarcely interrupted series with about 14 anterior and
20 posterior. The inner margin is fluted in harmony with
the external ribbing.
This shell is very close to A. zuliana (n. sp.), but there
is no characteristic identical in the two species.
A. weeksi
(n. sp.) is smaller, has about 10 less ribs, is more irregularly
shaped, has fewer teeth, fewer chevron-shaped

grooves on the cardinal area, and narrower beaks.
Named in honor of Mr. L. G. Weeks, who collected the
specimens figured.
Age: Oligocene-Miocene.
Locality:
District of Buchivacoa, State of Falcon;
District of Bolivar, State of Zulia; locality

2420 (? large), 3222, 3250, 4619.

numbers 1943,


;

Bulletin 49

Area (Scapharca)

The
ly

berjaciiiiensis

H. K. Hodson,

shell is small, of variable shape,

and rounded anteriorly.

n. sp.
PI. 4,

fig-s.

1, 2,

3,

5-

produced posterior-

The beaks are

and
The um-

high, full,

situated at about the anterior fourth of the shell.

bonal ridge is distinct throughout its length although toward the margin it becomes more rounded behind this, the
The ventral margin is straight or only
shell is concave.
slightly curved.
The cardinal area is short and wide,
;

occasionally marked with a few chevron-shaped grooves.

The teeth are divided into two series, the anterior is more
crowded and shorter, the posterior longer and more curved
Most of the valves carry about 28 ribs, about
at the end.
10 of which are behind the umbonal ridge they are separated by interspaces only slightly narrower than the ribs, although on the anterior and in gerontic specimens, the in;

terspaces are equal to or wider than the ribs. Rather strong
nodes cover the ribs except near and on the umbonal ridge
here the ribs are noded only in the very young stages; if
any nodes at all occur posterior to the umbonal ridge, they
are found up near the cardinal area and are weak. The
nodes on the left valve seem to be slightly stronger than
those on the right.
The inner margin is deeply fluted in
harmony with the external ribs. Very large, gerontic specimens measure about 22 mm. in height, 26 mm. in length
and 19 mm. in diameter (2 valves) these are very produced
posteriorly and carry a few chevron-shaped grooves on the
cardinal area.
Average adult specimens measure about 14
mm. in height, 16 mm. in length and 14 mm. in diameter
;

(2 valves).

This species differs from Area pittieri Dall

^

in being

more produced posteriorly, and in carrying fewer
nodes on the ribs near the umbonal ridge.
A. lloydi
Olsson ^ is less produced posteriorly and carries an inter-

smaller,

figs.

1

Smithsonian Misc. ColL, 1912, voL 59, no.

2

Bull.

10-12.

Amer.

Pal.,

1922,

vol.

9,

no.

39,

2,

pp. 9-10.
192-193,

pp.

pi.

24,


Venezuela Mollusca

new

(n. sp.)The
more produced posteriorly than

thread not found in A. berjadinensis

stitial

species

is

smaller and

A. hindsi Olsson.'
A. heijadinen^is (n. sp.) is a very common species of
in Venezuela and varies, somewhat in shape, especially
the
in
fullness of the umbones and in the twist of the posterior prolongation.
Age: Miocene.

Area

Districts of Colina, Buchivacoa

Locality:

cracia, State of Falcon, localitly

numbers

and Demo70A, 74A,

24, 67,

83A, 90, 93, 94, 97, 150A, 150B, 184, 185,
193A, 216 (?), 225, 225A, 228, 273, 291, 298,
1000, 1007, 1010 (?), 1064, 1078, 1115, 1210, 1232, 1233,
1800, 1844, 1862, 1869, 1872, 1883, 1900, 1906B, 2036, 2054,

75,

79,

187,

82,

193,

2375, 2377, 2383, 2384, 2391.
Area grandis waringi Maury
Scapharca patricia Sowerby,
vol. 5, no. 29, pp.

PI. 7, figs. 1, 4,

C.

173-174,

J.
pi.

Maury, 1917,

Scapharca patricia ivaringi Maury, 1925,

Amer.

Pal.,

(partim).

1

27, fig.

Bull.

Bull.

Amer.

Pal., vol.

10,

no. 42, pp. 58-59, pi. 3, figs. 2, 5.

Dr.

type

W.

P.

Woodring - has examined

a replica of the lecto-

by Blake and Sherborn) of A. patricia
and found it to be equivalent to A. tolepia Dall *

(selected

Sowerby

'

pp. 649-650,

pi. 33, figs.

7, 8.

and A. arthwpennelli Maury.'

As long

as this lectotype

is

another name must
called A. patricia.
A. grandis waringi
seems the only logical name for this group.
In Venezuela, A. grandis waringi Maury is a very common and variable species. In Santo Domingo, occurs the
larger form, A. grandis Sowerby, as has been previously

stated by Dr. H. A. Pilsbry"; with this is found its subconsidered valid,

be used for

what has

commonly been

1

-

^
•>

•

"

hoc. cit., pp. 193-194, pi. 24, figs. 7-9.
Science, December 4, 1925, vol. 62, no. 1614, pp. 518-519.
Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., 1850, vol. 6, n. 52.
Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Philadelphia, 1898, vol. 3, pt.
Bull. Amer. Pal., 1917, vol. 5, p. 342, pi. 55, figs. 9, 10.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1921, p. 404.

4,


Bulletin 49

species waringi as well as the similar

form A. chiriquensis

Trindad is the type locality for the subspecies
luaringi; Dr. Maury's recorded "A. patricia" from there
may be A. grandis or only one of the numerous intergradations between the species and its subspecies.
The numerous specimens from Venezuela have been
carefully compared with fossil specimens from Santo Domingo, I'ecent specimens of A. grandis, and Dr. Maury's
A. grandis waringi
figures of the Trinidad material.
Maury is a very variable form and the ancestor of the more
recent species, from which it differs mainly in its smaller
size.
It becomes larger and approaches the more recent
species more closely as it is found through successively
younger beds, with all gradations between the species and
Gabb.

the subspecies present.

Age:

Miocene and Pliocene.

Locality:

numbers

Common

in

the

State

of Falcon, locality

70, 71, 72, 74, 79, 83, 84, 90, 106, 122, 196, 203,

296, 298, 299, 355, 415, 785, 789 (?), 940, 1020, 1027, 1045,
1064, 1125, 1233, 1252, 1484, 1489, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862,

1869, 1870, 1871, 1873, 1878A, 1882, 1883, 1885A, 1887,
1892, 1927, 2042.

Area (Scapharca)

The

shell is

saladillcensis H. K.

Hodson,

n. sp.

PI. 5, figs. 1, 3.

very small, inflated, high, and posteriorly

keeled.
The right valve has about 28 ribs, about equal in
width to the interspaces, and coarsely noded. The beak is

medially sulcate, high, inflated, and situated at about the
anterior fourth of the shell.
The cardinal area is fairly
large and carries a few grooves.
The inner margin is fluted in harmony with the external ribbing.
The series of
teeth is only slightly interrupted with about 21 posterior
and 12 anterior teeth; these are long, slender, and only
slightly larger at the ends.
The right valve has not yet
been found.
This small species seems to be adult and is easily distinguished from the young of A. zuliana (n. sp.) and of


Venezuela Mollusca

A. viirandmia (n. sp.), with which it is associated, by its
sLronger posterior keel, narrower beak, coarser nodes on
the ribs, and wider denticulations on the inner margin.
Age: Oligocene-Miocene.
District of Miranda, State of Zulia, locality

Localiti/:

number

6.

Area (Scapharca) vueltana H. K. Hodson,

n. sp.

PI. 5, figs. 2, 4, 6.

The shell is very small, round, very round. There are
about 25-27 ribs about equal to the interspaces in width,
and ornamented with rather coarse nodes; the ribs on the
posterior umbonal ridge are smooth and a little more widely
separated.
The beaks are full and situated at the anterior
third of the shell.
The cardinal area is of fair size but
carries no grooves it is shaped much like that of Argina.
The hinge line is somewhat curved posteriorly. The teeth
are long and slender and arranged with only a slight in-^
terruption; there are about 11 anterior and 16 posterior
The inner margin is crenulated in harmony with the ex;

ternal ribbing.

This Area is rare and usually poorly preserved. It is
very small and easily distinguished from other species.

Age: Miocene.
Locality:
Districts
of
Zamora, Democracia, and
Colina, State of Falcon, locality

numbers

Area vueltana faleonensis H. K. Hodson,

n.

86, 1010, 1335.

subsp.
PI. 5, figs. 5, 7, 9.

This
(n. sp.),

subspecies

and

is

is

less

more produced

inflated

than

posteriorly.

A.

vueltana

The beaks are

lower, giving the subspecies a different shape, although

number of ribs, the cardinal area, and hinge line are
about the same in the two forms.
Age: Miocene.
Locality:
District of Democracia, State of Falcon, locality number 70A.
the


Bulletin 49

10

10

Area (Scapharca) buenavlstana H. K. Hodson,

n. sp.
PI. 3, figs. 3, 6; pi. 5, fig. 8.

The

shell is small; trigonal,

produced posteriorly, round-

ed anteriorly, and carries a sharp umbonal ridge running
from the beaks to the margin. The ribs are evenly noded

except for the 2 or 3 larger ores on the posterior slope;
when well preserved, are almost sniooth and carry
about 5 fine longitudinal ridges; about 10 or 11 of the 32-

these,

34 ribs are located on the concave posterior slope. The
beaks are full, high, prominent and located at the anterior
fourth of the shell. The cardinal area is flat and carries
about 6 chevron-shaped grooves. The ribs of the right
valve are slightly narrower than those of the left, and the
interspaces are correspondingly larger.
On the left valve,
the ribs are slightly wider than the interspaces except on
the anterior on the right valve almost all of the interspaces

are slightly wider. The teeth are arranged in two series,
;

the anterior of which

is

shorter; at the ends, where the

teeth are larger, the hinge line curves down, especially at

the posterior.

The inner margin

is

deeply fluted in

harmony

with the external ribbing.
This species is seldom well preserved. Young specimens resemble A. berjadinensis (n. sp.), but the former
have a sharper umbonal ridge and a longer, narrower,
cardinal area.

Age:

Miocene.

Locality:

Districts of Colina,

Democracia and Acosta,

numbers

80, 100, 185, 1033, 1127,

State of Falcon, locality
1255, 1450, 1818, 2207.

Area veatchi matarucana H. K. Hodson,

n.

subsp.

PL

3, figs. 4, 5.

This new subspecies is distinguished from A.
Olsson ^ by its being more produced posteriorly
having wider interspaces between the central ribs
of the Venezuelan specimens, the cardinal area
;

1

Bull.

Amer.

veatchi

and by
in most
carries

Pal., 1922, vol. 9, no. 39, pp. 189-190, pi. 23, figs. 1-3.


Venezuela Mollusca

11

more than
sculpture,

3 grooves.

and

The

11

number

teeth, the

of ribs, the

the fluting of the inner margin, are the

same

as that of the species.
Age: Miocene.
Locality:

District

Falcon, locality

of

Colina

and

Falcon,

State

of

numbers 122B, 123, 127, 155, 1013, 2207

(very young).
Area (Scapharca) mirandana H. K. Hodson,

n. sp.

PI. 5, figs. 12, 13.

The shell is small, almost elliptical in shape but abbreviated anteriorly, tumid, produced posteriorly. The beaks are
medially sulcate and situated a little in front of the anteThere are approxirior fourth of the length of the shell.
mately 88 ribs in the smaller shells and 42 in the largest.
These are narrow and crossed by concentric growth lines
which ornament the central ones on the left valve with
small square knobs. The ribs of the right valve are almost
smooth and narrower than those on the left. The interThe inner margin
spaces are usually wider than the ribs.
The
is deeply fluted in harmony with the external ribbing.
length
of
the
cardinal area extends about three-fourths the
The
shell, and usually bears 4 chevron-shaped grooves.
teeth are arranged in a series slightly interrupted posIn
terior to the beak, and curved downward at the ends.
the adults, the teeth number about 25 anterior and 35 posterior, but this varies.

Age:

Oligocene-Miocene.
District of Buchivacoa, State of Fulcon;
locality numbers 6,
District of Miranda, State of Zulia
1070 (deformed), 1436 (deformed), 1628, 1939, 1951.
Locality:

;

Area (Scapharea) tirantensis H. K. Hodson,

The

shell is of

posteriorly.

medium

n. sp.

PI. 7, figs. 2, 3.

or small size, inflated, produced

The beaks are medially

sulcate,

high, full,

and situated at about the anterior fourth of the shell. It
is ornamented with about 33-34 ribs, which are about equal
in width to the interspaces.
Most of these are bifurcate;